UNIT CONVERSIONS Length Lin=2.54em 1 micron = 10-4 em Volume Liter = 1.06 qt = 61.02 in? Mass 1kg=2.2tb Pressure Latm ‘Temperature (og-32) 18 let 273, Radiation Trad gray Lem = 107? sievert 1 ft = 30.48 om I mile = 5,280 ft 03531 f° 1b = 454 gram +460 Leurie = 3.7 X 10!” beequerel 1 beequerel = 1 disintegration/see Density of Water 1 gnv/em? = 1.94 slugs/ft® (weight density = 62.4 lb/ft?) Angles 19° I radian = 80 x Light [candela = | lumen/steradian 1 footeandle = 10.76 candela/m? = 10.76 lux Magnetic Fields 1 tesla = 10,000 gauss Energy 1 British thermal unit = 1,055 joules [ faraday = 9.65 x 10* coulombs 1 gram calorie = 4.19 joules Igram-mole @ 0° Cand | atm =22.4 liters 5° Cand 1 atm = 24.45 liters 600 coulombs @ 1 ampere-hour 1 watt = 1 joule/sec = 1 ampere x 1 volt L kwh = 3.6 x 10° joules PHYSICAL CONSTANTS acceleration of gravity = 32.2 ft/sec” = 9.8 m/sec” velocity of light = 3.0 x 108 nv/sec Planck’s constant = 6.626 x 10™*' J-see Avagadro’s number = 6.024 x 1079/ gram-mole STANDARDS STP (Physical Science) = 0°C and 1 atm STP (Ventilation) = 70°F and 1 atm air density = 0.075 lb/ft? @ 70°F and 1 atm STP (Industrial Hygiene) = 25° C and | atm‘TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS sin A = ale cos A= ble ab cos C ee sinA ~ sinB~ sinC BOOLEAN POSTULATES A+B=B+A A-B=B-A A(B+C)=(A- BIC A+(B4+C)=(A+B)+C AB4C)=(A-B)+(A-C) A+(B-C)=(A4B)-(A+C) QUADRATIC EQUATION tn A=alb MECHANICS F=uN F,D,=F,D, vey, tat F=ma ELECTRICITY pe V=IR P=VIERGONOMICS (REVISED NIOSH LIFTING EQUATIONS) RWL=LC x HMx VMx DM xAMx FMx CM RWL (kg) = (23) (25 / H) [1 - (0.003 IV - 75)] [0.82 + (4.5 / D)] (1 - 0.00324) (FM) (CM) RWL (1b) = (51) (10 / H) [1 - (0.0075 IV - 30)] {0.82 + (1.8 / D)] (1 - 0.0032) (FM) (CM) Frequency Multiplier Table Frequency Work Duration Lifts/min, sIHour | tous 2Hours | >2 burs 8 Hours © v<30" vex |v v<3 | v>30 02 10 | 100 | 09s | 09s | oas as 05 097 | 097 | 092 | 092 | ost | ost 5 1 094 | 094 | oss | oss | 075 Coupling Her Table 2 ost | ost | osa | ost | os Type | v<30inches | V>30 inche oe oe | oe] oe YL bse a e 4 oss | oss | 072 | 072 | oas Gon) ica) 5 oxo | oxo | 060 | 060 | 03s Good 1.00) 1.00 6 075 | 075 | 030 | 050 | 027 | 027 7 oo | 070 | 042 | 042 | 022 | 022 Fair 0.95 1.00) 8 os2 | ooo | 03s | 03s | ois | 01s Poor 0.90 0.90 9 o4s | 052 | 030 | 030 | 000 | os 0 oat | 045 | 026 | 026 | 000 | 0.13 " o37 | oat | 000 | 023 | 000 | 000 R 00 | 037 | 000 | 021 | 000 | 0.00 B 0a | 034 | 000 | oa | 0.00 4 oo | 031 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 15 0.0 | 028 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 >is 00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 + Values of V are in inches 1 For lifting les frequently than once per 5 minutes, 0.2 liftsfminute,HEAT STRESS AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY, WBGT = 0.7 WB +0.3 GT (Indoors; no solar heat load) WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.2 GT +0.1 DB (Outdoors; with soiar heat load) 700; PSYCHROMETRIC_CHART 40°50 (0 meses 70 eet 00 eee 90 RENEE 1 OO Seem 1] Olen 20 fees 9072s 140) DRY BULB TEMPERATURE, °F 0 (6 tapes | eres 15 pete] CO ten 25 barrel 00 neat o> BEE tge 45 nuemet OO seen ee DRY BULB TEMPERATURE, °C 300 280 260 tp 8 6 YAIR & 2205 IND OF ees 23 8 68) 855 GRAINS OF WATER PER POU! 120 100 80 160 40 20 0 150 65 raa®Pyegs VAPOR PRESSURE, mm of Hg ooo ©CONCENTRATIONS OF VAPORS VENTILATION AND GASES Q=aAv Vv =4005/ VP mg/m? x 24.45 ppm = v =4005 C.\/SP, TP=SP+VP 1 TLV, = — i SP,,,= SP,y- SP,- VP, TLV, SP,=VP +h, 1 fh S VP rt, * UFcy ce 403 x 10° x SG x ER x K fp ees nae SERIE KG MWxC ed ‘Value of Gas Constant nee “Absolute Pressure Volume | Temp. aim pi | mmig | He | nH : 0.00290 | 0.0426 2.20 0.0867 | 0.0982 : us 1.31 19.31 999.0, 39.3 44.6 Ce ee ee ee fe am o.00161 | 0.02366 122 | 0.0482 | 0.0546 ib 0.730 10.73 555.0 | 218 248 = em 0.08205 | 1.206 624 245 278 Ib 37.2 547.0 28,300.0 | 1,113.0 1,262.0 liters OR em 0.0456 0.670, 34.6 1.36 1.55 Ib 20.7 304.0 15,700.0 619.0 7010AMINATION RE 6 RADIATION (lonizing) (Non-lonizing) ay 16 4P ay ap We (ay 6CE =1em I=I,¢ 1 ENGINEERING ECONOMY F=PU+i)" P=F(L+i)" peat) Renae = i | oF asi (1+i)"-1 (1 +i)" ) A A=P|- i+ +i RELIABILITY P=1-RO RO P=(1-P) L=10 | N dewwo[ (3) dB, = dB, +20 log,,\ 4, D TWA = 16.61 log,,[100] +90 A dB = 10 log, 12.6Pa4 np =O GB rf A x L iol ” Pp p= 20 logy F, AB A A 0 | HEAT TRANSFER Q f°) Hae =A] HYDROSTATICS AND HYDRAULICSm7 _X-H 5 “_ =e where a>0,m=0,1,2, wiXAMINATION REFERENCE Areas Under the Standard Normal Curve from 0 to z — : ° 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 00 | 0.00 | oo | 00080 | 00120 | oor | anise | 002 | oo | oosi9 | aoss9 a1 | aos | ore | 00878 | oosit | o0ss7 | 0.0596 | oon36 | 00675 | aorta | 007s 02 | o073 | oos32 | oox71 | ono | oss | ooo87 | o.1026 | oot | 010s | oa as | oat | ouzi7 | o12ss | o203 | orssi | ots6s | ot4oe | otaas | oso | o.1si7 oa | oissa | o1s01 | o162s | 0.166 | 0.700 | o736 | o1772 | oasos | o1sas | 1579 Os | ansis | oro | oss | ozo | ozs | ozoss | ozs | oztsy | v2ivo | 0224 a6 | o22se 02324 | o2as7 | ose | 02822 | o2asa | o2ase | oasis | 02590 07 | o2sso 02652 | 02673 | 270 | 02736 | o2r64 | 0274 | o2%23 | 02852 os | o2sst | 0.2910 | 02939 | 02067 | 02996 | 0.3023 | 030s: | 03078 | oatos | ois 09 | o3ts9 | o3i8o | 03212 | o3238 | 03264 | o32%9 | oasis | 03340 | oases | 0.3380 10 | 03413 | 03438 | osaor | osaas | o3sos | oasai | 03ss4 | 03577 | 0599 | 03621 03683 | 2665s | 03686 | 03708 | 03729 | 03749 | 02770 | oa790 | o3si0 | 03830 Mt 12 | 03849 | 03869 | o3sas | 03907 | 0292s | 03044 | 03962 | 02980 | 03997 | osois 13 | 0.4032 | 0.4049 | 0.4066 | 0.4082 | oo | oars | oatsi | oa7 | ostoz | 04177 14 | o4t92 | 04207 | 04222 | 04236 | o42si | 0.4265 | 04279 | 0.4202 | 04306 | 0.4319 15 | 04332 | oases | 0.4357 | 04370 | o3s2 | 0.4394 | o4ao6 | oats | 0.4829 | 04441 16 | o4as2 | oases | oars [oases [oaaos | oas0s [oasis | oasas | 0453s | oases 17 | 04554 | o4sea | 0.4573 | 052 | 04591 | 0.4599 | o.4608 | 0.4616 | 04625 | 0.4633 1s | o46a1 | 0.4649 | 0.4656 | o4o64 | ort | 0.4678 | o4es6 | 0.4603 | 0.4699 | 0.4706 19 | oa7i3 | oario | 04726 | o47x | oss | 04744 | o47s0 | 0.4756 | o471 | 0.4767 20 | oar | oars | o47es | oa7se | 04703 | 478 | oases | o4sos | oasi2 | 0.4817 21 | oaszt | oan26 | 04830 | 0483s | o4sae | oasa2 | oasae | oaxso | oassa | oa8s7 22 | ose | oages | oases | 04871 | 04875 | 0.4878 | oassi | osea | 04887 | 0.4890 23 | o.4so3 | 0.4896 | 0.4898 | 0.4901 | 0.4904 | 0.4906 | 0.4909 | oao11 | 04913 | 0.4916 24 | oasis | 0.4920 | 0.4922 | 04925 | 04927 | 0.4929 | 04931 | 04932 | 04934 | 0.936 25 | 0.4937 | 09% | 04941 | o4oas | o4oas | 0.046 | oavax | oso | 04951 | 0.4952 26 | oavss | oaoss | 04956 | o4ns7 | 04950 | 04960 | cave | 04962 | 0493 | 0.896 27 | 0.4965 | 0.4960 | 0.4967 | o4968 | 04969 | 0.4970 | oas71 | 04972 | 04973 | ood 28 | 04974 | 0.4975 | 0.4976 | 04977 | 04977 | 0.978 | 0.4979 | 0.4979 | 04980 | gx 29 | oavst | 04982 | 04982 | o4oss | o4osa | 0.4984 | o4oss | ones | o4ox6 | 0.986 30 | 04987 | 04987 | 04987 | o4oxx | oss | aay | o4os9 | oaos9 | 0.4990 | 0.4990MINATION REFEREN' Table of Percentage Points of the t Distribution 4 E 025 0.10 0.05 001 1.000 3.087 6314 31.821 2 0816 1.886 6.965 3 0.765 1.638 4341 4 0.741 1.533, 3.747 3 on7 1476 3.365 6 o718 1.440 3.143 7 ont 145 2.998 8 0.306 1397 2.896 9 0.703 1383 2.821 10 0.700 1372 2.764 15 0.691 1341 1753 2.601 20 0.687 Ls 2528 25 0.684 1316 1708 2485 30 0.683 1310 1.697 2457 °° 0.674 1.282 L645 2.326,Upper Percentage Points of the 2 Distribution 30 0.99 0.95 0.90 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.0002 0.0039 0.0) 6,635 0.0201 0.103 o2u 0,352 0584 o7i1 1.064 1145 1610 11.070 15.086 6 1.635 2.204 12,592 16.812 7 2.167 2.833 14.067 18.475 8 2.733 3.490 15507 20.090 9 3.325 4.168 16919 21.666 10 3,940 4.865 18,307 23,209 u 5578 17.275 19.675 24.725 2 18.549 21.026 26.217 13 19.812 22.362 27.688 4 21.064 23.685 29.141 15 2.307 24.996 30.578 » 10.851 28.412 31.410 37.566 25 14611 16.473 34.382 37.652 44.314 0 18.493 20599 40.256 43.773 50,892