Art of Problem Solving

1 od 2

https://www.artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2015_IMO_Pro...

Problem
Determine all triples of positive integers

such that each of the numbers

is a power of 2.
(A power of 2 is an integer of the form

where

is a non-negative integer ).

Solution
The solutions for

are

, and permutations of these triples.

Throughout the proof, we assume

, so that
,
,
. Note that
since otherwise
, which is impossible. Hence
, i.e., and are positive.
Observe that if

, we get

and

Case 2:

. Since

is not divisible by
and

From the latter equation,

multiple of
. Hence
Consider

, and
, we get

is divisible by
and

, which implies

Finally, consider
and
implies

, then

is not a

, then

is odd, which

. Hence
are

is not divisible by

. Hence

; if
, and
,

, we have

or

is 2 or 4, and
.

. Hence

for

. Adding and subtracting

is not divisible by

, which implies that

is a

.
,

, or

We obtain

is odd and

. We have

From the second equation, is even. From the third equation, if

implies that
. Hence
(so
),
. Hence
equals
or
. Thus the solutions for

Hence

are (even and) powers of . Hence

. Hence
is also a power of , which implies
. But
is infeasible. We consider the remaining cases as follows.

solution; hence
Case 1:

, so

, with

,
. Hence

,
. Hence
. Hence there are no solutions with
as the only solution with

. Hence
,
. But

and

implies

.
.

See Also

28.12.2016 17:46

Art of Problem Solving

2 od 2

https://www.artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2015_IMO_Pro...

2015 IMO (Problems) Resources (http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/resources.php?c=1&cid=16&year=2015))

Preceded by
Problem 1

123456

Followed by
Problem 3

All IMO Problems and Solutions

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Category: Olympiad Number Theory Problems

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28.12.2016 17:46