Hi my name is cool bean and I love cats TREATING BREAST CANCER What is the preferred treatment for

breast cancer that is detected in its early stages? The most common treatment was once removal of the breast. It is
now usual to remove only the tumor and nearby lymph nodes, followed by radiation. To study whether these
treatments differ in the effectiveness, a medical team examines the records of 25 large hospitals and compares the
survival times after surgery of all women who have had either treatment.
1. What are the explanatory and response variables?
2. Explain carefully why this study is not an experiment.
3. Explain why confounding will prevent this study from discovering which treatment is more effective.
(The current treatment was in fact recommended after a large randomized comparative
experiment.)
15. WHICH DESIGN? What is the best way to answer each of the following questions below: an experiment, a
sample survey, or an observational study that is not a sample survey? Explain your choices.
1. Are people generally satisfied with how things are going in the country right now?
2. Do college students learn basic accounting better in the classroom or using an online course?
3. How long do your teachers wait on the average after they ask their class a question?
16. FOOD FOR CHICKS New varieties of corn with altered amino acid content may have higher nutritional value
than standard corn, which is low in the amino acid lysine. An experiment compares two new varieties, called opaque2 and floury-2, with normal corn. The researchers mix corn-soybean meal diets using each type of corn at each of
three protein levels, 12% protein, 16% protein, and 20% protein. They feed each diet to 10-one day-old male chicks
and record their weight gains after 21 days. The weight gain of the chicks is a measure of the nutritional value of their
diet.
a. What are the experimental units and the response variable in this experiment?
b. How many factors are there? How many treatments? Use a diagram to describe the treatments. How many
experimental units does the experiment require?
c. Use a diagram to describe a completely randomized design for this experiment. (You do not need to actually
do the randomization.)
17. MCDONALDS VS WENDYS Do consumers prefer the taste of a cheeseburger from McDonalds or

from Wendys in a blind test in which neither burger is identified? Describe briefly the design of a matched
pairs experiment to investigate this question.

AP STATISTICS Chapter 5 REVIEW

18. Fun at the Fair If you select a student at random from the school being described, what is the probability that
the student has ridden a merry-go-round or a roller coaster, given the information about that school? What is the
probability that a random student has ridden both a merry-go-round and a roller coaster? Make a table or Venn
diagram to illustrate each situation.
1. In a particular school, 80% of the students have ridden a merry-go-round and 45% have ridden a
roller coaster. Only 15% have done neither.
2. In another school, 30% of the students have ridden a merry-go-round but not a roller coaster.
Forty-five percent have ridden a roller coaster but not a merry-go-round. Only 20% have done
neither.
19. Two screening tests are used on patients from a certain population. Test I, the less expensive of the two, is
used about 60% of the time and produces false positives in about 10% of the cases. Test II produces false positives

only about 5% of the time. A false positive is known to have occurred in a patient tested by one of these two tests.
Find the probability that Test I was used.
20. Jorge has a CD player attached to his alarm clock. He has set the CD player so that when its time for him to
wake up, it randomly selects one song to play on the CD. Suppose there are nine songs on the CD in the player and
Jorges favorite song is the third one. Describe a simulation to estimate the solution to this probability problem: What
is the probability that Jorge will hear his favorite song at least once in the next week?
21. Suppose 80% of people can swim. Suppose 70% of people can whistle. Suppose 55% of people can do both.
What percentage of people can swim or whistle?
22. In a local school, 80% of the students carry a backpack