Appendix 1

Imperial-metric-SI
conversion tables
SI units: m m , m, k m
Imperial units" in, ft, mile

mm

krn

in

mm
m
km

1
1000
106

10 -3
1
103

10 -6
10 -3
1

0.0393701
39.3701
39370.1

in
ft
mile

25.4
304.8
-

0.0254
0.3048
1609.34

3.048 x 10 -4
1.609 34

12
63 360

mile

3.281 x 10 -3
3.280 84
3280.84
0.083 333

6.214 x 10 -4
0.621 371

1.894 x 10 -4

5280

SI units" m m 2, m 2, k m 2
Imperial units: in 2, ft 2, mile 2

mm 2
m2

mm 2

m2

10-6

10 6

10-6

10 6

645.16
92 903

6.452 10 -4

km 2
in 2
ft 2

mile 2

km 2

0.092 90
2.590 106

in 2

ft 2

1.550 x 10 -3

1.076 x 10 -5

1550

10.764
1076 x 107
6.944 x 10 -3

1
144
2.590

mile 2

0.3861
m

1
2.788 x 10 7

446 Appendix I

Imperial-metric-SI conversion tables

SI units" m m 4, m 4
I m p e r i a l units: in 4, ft 4

mm 4

m4

in 4

ft 4
1.159 x 10 -1~

10 -12

2 . 4 0 2 5 10 -6

m4

1012

2 . 4 0 2 5 x 10 6

115.86

in 4

416231

4 . 1 6 2 3 10 -7

4 . 8 2 2 5 10 -5

ft 4

8.631 109

8.631 10 -3

20736

mm 4

SI units: m m 3, m 3
M e t r i c units: ml, 1
I m p e r i a l units" in 3, ft 3, U K g a l l o n

mm 3
ml

1
m3

in 3
ft 3
UK gallon

mm 3

ml

m3

1
103

10 -3
1

10 -6
10-3

10 -9
10 -6

in 3

ft 3

6.10 10 -5
0.061024
10 6
103
1
10-3
61.024
109
106
103
1
61 024
1
16 387
16.39
0.0164 1.64 10 -5
2.83 104 28.32
0.02832
1728
4546
4.546 4.55 10 -3
277.4

UK gallon

3.53 10 -5
0.035 32
35.31
5 . 7 9 10 -4
1
0.1605

2.2

10 -4

0.22
220
3.61 10 -3
6.229
1

Note: Additional unit: 1 US gallon = 0.8327 UK gallon.

SI unit: k g / m 3
M e t r i c unit: g / c m 3
I m p e r i a l units: lb/ft 3, lb/in 3

kg/m 3

g/cm 3

lb/ft 3

lb/in 3

kg/m 3

10 -3

0 . 0 6 2 428

3.605 10 -5

g/cm 3

1000

62.428

lb/ft 3

16.019

0.016019

0 . 0 3 6 127
5 . 7 8 7 10 - 4

lb/in 3

27 680

27.680

1728

Measurement and Instrumentation Principles 447

SI units: g, kg, t
Imperial units: lb, cwt, ton

g
kg
t
lb
cwt
ton

kg

lb

cwt

ton

1
103
106
453.592
50 802.3
1.016 x 106

10 -3
1
103
0.45359
50.8023
1016.05

10 - 6
10 -3
1
4.536 x 10 - 4
0.050 802
1.016 05

2.205 10 -3
2.204 62
2204.62
1
112
2240

1.968 x 10 -5
0.019 684
19.6841
8.929 x 10 -3
1
20

9.842 x 10 -7
9.842 x 10 -4
0.984 207
4.464 x 10 - 4
0.05
1

SI units: N, kN
Metric unit: kgf
Imperial units: pdl (poundal), lbf, U K tonf

N
kgf
kN
pdl
lbf
U K tonf

kgf

kN

pdl

lbf

U K tonf

1
9.807
1000
0.1383
4.448
9964

0.1020
1
102.0
0.0141
0.4536
1016

10 -3
9.807 x 10 -3
1
1.383 x 10 -4
4.448 x 10 -3
9.964

7.233
70.93
7233
1
32.174
72 070

0.2248
2.2046
224.8
0.0311
1
2240

1.004 10 -4
9.842 x 10 - 4
0.1004
1.388 x 10 -5
4.464 x 10 -4
1

Note: Additional unit: 1 dyne = 10-SN = 7.233 x 10 -5 pdl.

SI unit: N m
Metric unit: kgf m
Imperial units: pdl ft, lbf ft

N m
kgf m
pdl ft
lbf ft

Nm

kgf m

pdl ft

lbf ft

1
9.807
0.042 14
1.356

0.1020
1
4.297 x 10 -3
0.1383

23.73
232.7
1
32.17

0.7376
7.233
0.03108
1

448 Appendix I

Imperial-metric-SI conversion tables

SI unit: N m 2
Imperial unit: lbf

ft 2

1 lbf

0.4132 N m 2

ft 2 --

1 N m 2 - 2.420 lbf

ft 2

SI units: mbar, bar, N/m 2 (pascal)

Imperial units: lb/in 2, in Hg, atm
mbar

bar

N/m 2

lb/in 2

in Hg

atm

mbar
bar
N/m 2

1
1000
0.01

10 -3
1
10 -5

100
105
1

0.014 50
14.50
1.450 x 10 - 4

0.02953
29.53
2.953 x 10 -4

9.869 x 10 -4
0.9869
9.869 x 10 - 6

lb/in 2
in Hg
atm

68.95
33.86
1013

0.068 95
0.03386
1.013

6895
3386
1.013 x 105

1
0.4912
14.70

2.036
1
29.92

0.068 05
0.03342
1

1 inch water -- 0.073 56 in Hg -- 2.491 mbar

1 torr = 1.333 mbar
1 pascal -- 1 N/m 2

SI unit: J
Metric units: kgf m, k W h
Imperial units: ft lbf, cal, Btu

J
kgf m
kW h
ft lbf
cal
Btu

kgf m

kW h

ft lbf

cal

Btu

1
9.8066
3.600 x 106
1.3558
4.1868
1055.1

0.1020
1
367098
0.1383
0.4270
107.59

2.778 x 10 -7
2.724 x 10 -6
1
3.766 10 -7
1.163 x 10 -6
2.931 10 -4

0.7376
7.233
2.655 x 10 6
1
3.0880
778.17

0.2388
2.342
859845
0.3238
1
252.00

9.478 10 - 4
9.294 10 -3
3412.1
1.285 10 -3
3.968 10 -3
1

Measurement and Instrumentation Principles 449

1
1
1
1
1

therm = 105 B t u - 1.0551 x 108j

thermie - 4.186 x 10 6 J
hp h - 0.7457 k W h - 2.6845 x 106j
ft pdl - 0.042 14 J
erg - 10 -7 J

SI units W, k W
Imperial units: HP, ft lbf/s

W
kW
HP
ft lbf/s

kW

HP

ft lbf/s

1
103
745.7
1.359 35

10 .3
1
0.7457
1.359 x 10 .3

1.341 x 10 . 3
1.34102
1
1.823 x 10 -3

0.735 64
735.64
548.57
1

SI units" ram/s, m/s

Metric unit: km/h
Imperial units: ft/s, mile/h

mm/s
m/s
km/h
ft/s
mile/h

mm/s

m/s

km/h

ft/s

mile/h

1
1000
277.778
304.8
447.04

10 .3
1
0.277 778
0.3048
0.447 04

3.6 x 10 - 3
3.6
1
1.097 28
1.609 344

3.281 x 10 .3
3.280 84
0.911 344
1
1.466 67

2.237 x 10 .3
2.236 94
0.621 371
0.681 818
1

450 Appendix 1 Imperial-metric-SI conversion tables

SI unit: 1TI/S2
Other metric unit: cm]s 2
Imperial unit: ft/s 2
Other unit: g

m/s 2
cm/s 2
ft/s 2

m/s 2

cm/s 2

ft/s 2

1
0.01
0.3048
9.81

100
1
30.48
981

3.281
0.0328
1
32.2

0.102
0.001 02
0.031 09
1

SI unit: g/s
Metric units" kg/h, tonne/d
Imperial units: lb/s, lb/h, ton/d

g/s
kg/h
tonne/d
lb/s
lb/h
ton/d

g/s

kg/h

tonne/d

lb/s

1
0.2778
11.57
453.6
0.1260
11.76

3.6
1
41.67
1633
0.4536
42.34

0.086 40
0.024 O0
1
39.19
0.010 89
1.016

2.205 x
6.124
0.025
1
2.788 x
0.025

10 - 3
10 -4
51
10 -4
93

lb/h

ton/d

7.937
2.205
91.86
3600
1
93.33

0.085 03
0.023 62
0.9842
38.57
0.01071
1

SI unit: m 3/s
Metric units: l/h, ml/s
Imperial units" gal/h, ft 3/S, ft 3 / h

1/h
ml/s
m3/s
gal/h
ft3/s
ft3/h

1/h

ml/s

m 3/s

gal/h

ft3/s

ft 3/h

1
3.6
3.6 106
4.546
1.019 105
28.316

0.2778
1
106
1.263
2.832 10 4
7.8653

2.778 x 10 -7

0.2200
0.7919
7.919 105
1
2.242 104
6.2282

9.810 10 -6
3.532 10 -5
35.31
4.460 10 -5
1
2.778 10 -4

0.035316
0.127 14
1.271 105
0.160 56
3600
1

10 -6

1
1.263 10 -6
0.02832
7.865 10 -6

Measurement and Instrumentation Principles 451

SI units: J/m 3, kJ/m 3, M J / m 3

Imperial units" kcal/m 3, Btu/ft 3, t h e r m / U K gal
.

J/m 3
kJ/m 3
MJ/m 3
kcal/m 3
Btu/ft 3
therm/gal

J/m 3

kJ/m 3

MJ/m 3

kcal/m 3

Btu/ft 3

therm/UK gal

1
1000

10 -3
1
1000
4.187
37.26
-

10 -6
10 -3
1
4.187 x 10 -3
0.037 26
2.321 x 104

1.388 x 10 - 4
0.2388
238.8
1
8.899
5.543 x 106

2.684 x 10 -5
0.026 84
26.84
0.1124
1
6.229 x 105

4.309 x 10 -5
1.804 x 10 -7
1.605 x 10 - 6
1

10 6

4187
3.726 x 104
-

SI unit: N s/m 2
Metric unit: cP (centipoise), P (poise) [1 P Imperial unit: lbm/ft h
.

lbm/ft h
P
cP
N s/m 2

100 g/m s]

lbm/ft h

cP

N s/m 2

1
241.9
2.419
2419

4.133 x 10 -3
1
0.01
10

0.4134
100
1
1000

4.134 x 10 -4
0.1
10 -3
1

Note: Additional unit: 1 pascal second = 1 N s/m 2.

SI unit: m 2/s
Metric unit: cSt (centistokes), St (stokes)
Imperial unit: ftZ/s

ft2/s
m2/s
cSt
St

ft2/s

m2/s

cSt

St

1
10.764
1.0764 x 10 -5
1.0764 x 10 -3

0.0929
1
10-6
10-4

9.29 104
106

929
104

1
100

0.01
1