August 8, 2011 MATH2800 - Assignment 1 Due August 22, 2011 QL. Do the following, explaining your reasoning. (a) Construct a differential equation that does not: possess any real solutions. (b) Construct a differential equation that possesses only the trivial solution y = 0. Q2. Denote differentiation with respect to 2 by ’. Consider the differential equation y =f), a) where (a) f(y) and f,(y) are continuous everywhere in JR?; (b) the real solutions of f(y) = 0 and f’(y) =0 are y= a1, a2, 03,04 and y = by, ba, bs, ba, bs.bs, respectively, and a1 < by < ag < by < by < ag < by < bs < bs < a4; the graph of f"(y) is shown below. z=ry) Using the above information, discuss in detail (using diagrams where appropriate), the inflection points of the solution curves of (1). Q3. Apply the Existence and Uniqueness Theorem (Theorem 1.2.1 page 15) to the IVP, Bs ols)y = se). vha0) =v @) (a) What are the conditions on f(z) and g(2) which guarantee a unique solution? (b) What is the largest rectangle containing (ao, yo) on which the conditions derived in (a) hold?(c) What can you say, as a consequence of (b), about the interval of definition of a unique solution? Explain your reasoning! Q4. Question 45 page 69 (Falling Chain). Change the units to m and kg, and change the ODE to whee = 9.80. (3) Q5. The example "Radioactive Series” on page 106 shows how to set up differential equations for a simple decay series X + Y — Z(stable element). Consider the (naturally occuring) Neptunium Series: 237N(2.2 x 10%yr) —+ 283 a(27.4d) > 75 (1.62 x 105yr) —+ ?°Th(7, 340yr) 717 At(0.0323sec) <— 21 Fr(4.8min) — 225 Ac(10d) + ™5Ra(14.8d) *SBRi(47min) — *Po(4.2 x 10~sec) 208T(2.2min) = —> 209Pp(3.3hr) — > *8Bi(stable) The half-life of each clement is given in brackets. Note that 7"*Bi decays into two elements, 97.8% of the decay product is 7"*Po while the remaining 2.2% is 2°71. (2) Suppose that at t= 0 we have 1 kg of pure 57N. Write down the decay equations and use Maple (or Mathematica etc.) to solve them. (b) On the same set of axes plot the time evolution of the amounts of 7" Fr, ?!°Bi and °T). (c) What is the mass of Ac present when (a) t = 20,000 years and (b) t= 107 years? Q6. In many physics problems we nced to solve the following 2nd-order ODE. ey dy Boe tet a(t cy = (4) where c is a constant. This equation is known as the Bessel equation and its solutions are special functions known as Bessel functions. {a) Going to the library (or the internet) find out the definition(s) of these functions (both in terms of infinite series and integrals). List some of their properties. (b) Let ¢ = 1, use Maple to solve (4) subject to the initial conditions y(0) = 0, y'(0) = 0.5. Check, using Maple that the Bessel function solution agrees with the definition(s) in (a). (c) Use Maple to plot Bessel functions for c= 1/2, 1, V2.