Introduction

ETAP PowerStation is a fully graphical electrical transient analyzer program tha

t can run under the Microsoft Windows 98, NT 4.0, 2000, Me, and XP environments.
The Windows NT 4.0 and 2000 platforms provide the highest performance level for
demanding applications, such as large network analysis requiring intensive compu
tation and online monitoring and control applications.
Windows NT 4.0 and 2000 also provide the highest levels of reliability, protecti
on, and security of critical applications. Large PowerStation projects (approxi
mately 500 buses and larger) should be built and maintained via Windows NT 4.0 o
r 2000. The Windows 98 and Me platforms provide excellent performance for analy
sis of small and medium size systems (a few hundred buses) and support a variety
of other popular applications
PowerStation allows you to work directly with graphical one-line diagrams and un
derground cable raceway systems. The program has been designed according to thr
ee key concepts:
Virtual Reality Operation
The program operation resembles real electrical system operation as closely as p
ossible. For example, when you open or close a circuit breaker, place an elemen
t out of service, or change the operating status of motors, the de-energized ele
ments and sub-systems are indicated on the one-line diagram in gray. PowerStati
on incorporates new concepts for determining protective device coordination dire
ctly from the one-line diagram.
Total Integration of Data
PowerStation combines the electrical, logical, mechanical, and physical attribut
es of system elements in the same database. For example, a cable not only conta
ins data representing its electrical properties and physical dimensions, but als
o information indicating the raceways through which it is routed. Thus, the dat
a for a single cable can be used for load flow or short-circuit analyses (which
require electrical parameters and connections) as well as cable ampacity deratin
g calculations (which require physical routing data). This integration of the d
ata provides consistency throughout the system and eliminates multiple data entr
y for the same element.
Simplicity in Data Entry
PowerStation keeps track of the detailed data for each electrical apparatus. Da
ta editors can speed up the data entry process by requiring the minimum data for
a particular study. In order to achieve this, we have structured the property
editors in the most logical manner for entering data for different types of anal
ysis or design.
PowerStation s one-line diagram supports a number of features to assist you in con
structing networks of varying complexities. For example, each element can indiv
idually have varying orientations, sizes, and display symbols (IEC or ANSI). Th
e one-line diagram also allows you to place multiple protective devices between
a circuit branch and a bus.
PowerStation provides you with a variety of options for presenting or viewing yo
ur electrical system. These views are called presentations. The location, size
, orientation, and symbol of each element can be different in each presentation.
Additionally, protective devices and relays can be displayed (visible) or hidd
en (invisible) for any particular presentation. For example, one presentation c

an be a relay view where all protective devices are displayed. Another presenta
tion may show a one-line diagram with some circuit breakers shown and the rest h
idden (a layout best suited for load flow results).
Among PowerStation s most powerful features are the composite network and motor el
ements. Composite elements allow you to graphically nest network elements withi
n themselves to an arbitrary depth. For example, a composite network can contai
n other composite networks, providing the capability to construct complex electr
ical networks while still maintaining a clean, uncluttered diagram that displays
what you want to emphasize - yet the next level of system detail is within easy
reach of your mouse. The power is at your fingertips.
We consider PowerStation to be the foremost-integrated database for electrical s
ystems, allowing you to have multiple presentations of a system for different an
alysis or design purposes.
Features
System Modeling

Virtual Reality Operation

s)

Total Integration of Data (Electrical, Logical, Mechanical, & Physical Attribute

Looped & Radial Systems

Unlimited Isolated Sub-Systems

No System Connection Limitations

Multiple Loading Conditions

Multi-level Nesting of Sub-systems

Advanced Sparse Matrix Techniques

User Access Control & Data Validation

Asynchronous Calculations, Allow Multiple Modules to Calculate Simultaneously

Database Transactioning, Reduces the Risk of Database Loss During a Power Outage

00/Me

True 32-bit Programming Designed for Windows NT 4.0 - Tested for Windows 98/NT/20

Features

Five Levels of Automatic Error Checking

Dynamic Help Line & Error Messaging

Message Logger to Track Program Usage & Access

Multiple User Access Levels

ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) - Use Microsoft Access, SQL, Oracle, etc.

Manages Maintenance Data via Info, Remarks, & Comment Pages

Merge Independent PowerStation Project Files

Convert Project Files between Databases such as MS Access, SQL, and Oracle

Integrated 1-Phase, 3-Phase, & DC Systems

Integrated One-Line Diagram & Underground Raceway Systems

Integrated One-Line Diagram & Device Coordination Program

Common Database for all Studies

Simplicity in Data Entry

Multiple Sub-systems & Swing Machines

User-Controlled Auto Save & Transaction

User-Controlled Default Settings for all Components

rs

Typical Data for Motors, Generators, Transformers, Reactors, Governors, & Excite

Individual LTC Time Delays (Initial & Operating)

No Voltage Limitations

Unlimited Protective & Metering Device Connections to Branches & Loads

Unlimited Load Connections to a Single Bus

Any System Frequency

English & Metric Unit Systems

25 Character Component IDs

Raw Manufacturer Data Entry

Individual & Global Load Demand & Diversity Factors

Temperature Sensitive Cable Resistance for all Studies

Element Navigator

Lumped Loading

Equipment Cables for Loads, Eliminating Requirement for Terminal Buses

Edited By & Checked By Data Stamping

Date Stamping of all Data Changes

Intelligent Editors with User-Defined Data Fields

Analysis-Dependent Data Entry Requirements

Multiple-User Network Support

Compatible Database with PowerStation Management System (PSMS)

for Real-time Monitoring, Simulation and Supervisory Control

One-Line Diagrams

Unlimited One-Line Diagram Presentations

Single-phase system (2 and 3 wires)

Panel Systems

tc.)

Unlimited Status Configurations / Scenarios (Switching Devices, Motors, Loads, e

Multiple Engineering Properties (Base & Revision Data)

Three-Dimensional (3-D) Database

Ground Grid Systems

Multiple Loading Categories (Conditions) with Individual Percent Loading

Unlimited One-Line Diagram Nesting for Sub-Systems, MCCs, etc.

Simultaneous View of One-Line Diagram Presentations

Simultaneous View of System Configurations

Simultaneous View of Different Study Results

Phase Adapters

Automatic Bus Insertion

Find Elements from Editors or the Project Window

Grouping / Ungrouping of Elements

Change Size, Symbol, & Orientation of Elements, Individually and Globally

Active X (Programmable Objects)

Graphically Fault / Clear Fault from Buses

Selectable Zoom-to-Fit

State-of-the-Art Built-in Graphic User Interface

Drag & Drop, Cut & Paste, Zooming, etc.

Built-in PowerStation CAD System

XML Data Exchange

Export One-Line Diagrams to 3rd Party CAD Systems

Import OLE Objects (Text, Pictures, Spreadsheets, GIS Maps, etc.)

Import ETAP DOS Project Files

Import ASCII Project Files

Execute External Programs

Customizable Graphical Display of Results Annotations

Customizable Graphical Display of Nameplate Data Annotations

Interchangeable ANSI & IEC Element Symbols

Multiple Sizing & Rotation of Element Symbols

Multi-Color Symbols & Annotations

Supports True Type Fonts

Hide & Show Protective Devices per Presentation

Remote Connectors

Graphical Operation (Open/Close) of Switching Devices in Edit or Study Modes

Display of Fixed Tap & Load Tap Changer (LTC) Positions on the One-Line Diagram

Direct Device Coordination from the One-Line Diagram

Comprehensive Printing/Plotting Capabilities

Individual & Global Section of Elements, Objects, & Composites

Schedule Manager for System Components

Customizable Output Reports (Crystal Reports)

ASCII Output Reports

Output Report Manager for both ASCII Files & Crystal Reports

Access Database Output Reports

Crystal Reports for all Library Data

Comprehensive Summary Reports

Customizable Output Plots

Report Status of Loads & Protective Devices for all Configurations

ts

System Dumpster with Unlimited Cells for Storage & Retrieval of Deleted Componen

Resizable, Floating/Attachable Toolbars for each Study

Underground Raceway Systems

Graphical User Interface

Multiple Duct Banks, Direct Buried, & External Heat Sources

Non-Uniform Placement of Ducts & Direct Buried Conduits

Transient Cable Temperature Plotting

External Heat Sources

Grounded / Ungrounded Shielding

One-Line Diagram Database Integration

ODBC (Open Database Connectivity)

Utilize any Database for which an ODBC Driver Exists (MS Access, Oracle, & SQL S
erver)

Access the Database from 3rd Party Database Managers

Integrate Other Project Data into the Same Database

3D-Database
Within each project, PowerStation provides three major system components. These
system components are organized in an orthogonal fashion (independent from each
other) to provide you with the ultimate power and flexibility when developing Po
werStation projects.

Graphical Display of One-Line Diagrams (Presentation)

Engineering Properties (Data Revisions)

Operating Status (Configuration Status)

Convert to EMF and WMF files

Export PowerStation one-line diagrams to Enhanced MetaFiles (EMF) and Windows Me
taFiles (WMF). EMF and WMF files can be imported into AutoCAD, Microsoft Word, et
c.
Printing / Plotting of One-Line Diagram
The following options are available for each presentation including composite mo
tors and composite networks

Print Options

Printer Setup

Zoom Level for Print Size

Print Coordinates & Scrolling

Customizable Print Preview

Batch Printing

OLE Client
OLE is a program-integration technology used to share information between progra
ms. Many Windows programs including Microsoft Office are OLE capable. Within P
owerStation, you can insert OLE objects such as bitmaps, text, spreadsheets, tab
les, and metafiles onto your one-line diagrams.

Active Error Viewer

PowerStation provides five levels of error checking. The active error viewer ap
pears when you attempt to run a study with missing or inappropriate data. Doubl
e-click on each individual error message to locate and open the component editor
associated with the cause of the error message.
Application Message Logging
Track PowerStation usage and access by using the application message logger. It
keeps track of who opens a project, which level of access they have, and how lo
ng they were in the project.
Output Report Manager
Provides text reports and Crystal Reports for different studies with the followi
ng subsections:

Complete Report

Input Data

Results

Summary Reports

Customizable Subsections

Schedule Report Manager

When using Crystal Reports, it can provide different schedules such as bus, bran
ch, load, and cable with the following options.

Base and Revision Data

Energized / De-energized Elements

Elements in the Dumpster

Crystal Reports
Crystal Reports are full-color, printable reports for a variety of PowerStation
analyses. Each Crystal Report is pre-configured for commonly requested output f
ormats. The Crystal Reports browser/printer is available within PowerStation.
Users can create and modify existing Crystal Reports using a Crystal Reports edi
tor.
Annotation Display Options
With independent display options for each PowerStation mode (Edit, Load Flow, Sh
ort-Circuit, etc.), you can display certain types of information in one mode and
other types of information when in another mode.

Display ID, Rating, kV, Ampacity, & Impedance of Elements

Display Delta-Wye Connection and Tap Setting of Transformers

Display Winding Connection of Generators & Motors

Display Conductor Size, Type, & Length of Cables

User-Selectable Fonts for Different Groups of Annotations (Size, Bold, Font Type
, etc.)

Set Default Positions of Annotations for each Element

Independently Rotate each Annotation

Option to Display Different Sets of Study Results Including Units (A, kW+jkVar,
kVA, etc.)
AC Elements, One-Line Diagram

Nested

Bus / Node

Fuse
Circuit Breaker, High Voltage
Transformer, 2-Winding
Circuit Breaker, Low Voltage
Transformer, 3-Winding
Contactor
Cable
Switch, Single-Throw
Transmission Line

Switch, Double-Throw
Reactor, Current-Limiting
Impedance

Ground Grid
Power Grid (Utility System)

Current Transformer (CT)

Synchronous Generator
Potential (Voltage) Transformer (PT)
Induction Motor / Generator
Synchronous Motor

Voltmeter
Motor Operated Valve (MOV)

Ammeter
Static Load

Multi-Meter
Lumped Load
Capacitor

Voltage Relay
Panel Schedule
Reverse Power Relay
Harmonic Filter
Frequency Relay
Remote Connector

Motor Relay
Phase Adapter
Solid State Trip Relay
Overcurrent Relay
Sub-Systems, One-Line Diagram

AC Composite Motor

DC Composite Motor

Composite Network

DC Elements, One-Line Diagram

Bus / Node
Cable Impedance
oad
Static Load
Elementary Diagram
Single-Throw Switch, Double-Throw
AC-DC Elements, One-Line Diagram

Charger

Inverter

UPS

VFD

Elements, Underground Raceway System

DC-DC Converter
Battery

Circuit Breaker
Fuse

Motor
Switc


Cable, One-Line
Cable, Equipment
Cable, UGS
External Heath Source
k Raceway
Direct Buried Raceway Conduit (Duct Bank)
Location (Direct
Buried)
Libraries

Cable (NEC, ICEA, and Manufacturer Published Data)

Cable Fire Coating (Manufacturer Published Data)

Cable Fire Stop (Manufacturer Published Data)

Cable Fire Wrap (Manufacturer Published Data)

Motor Nameplate

Motor Circuit Model (Single and Double Cage Motors)

Motor Characteristic Model

Motor Load Model

LV Circuit Breaker (Manufacturer Published Data)

HV Circuit Breaker (Manufacturer Published Data)

Fuse (Manufacturer Published Data)

Harmonic (IEEE and Manufacturer Published Data)

Motor Overload Heater (Manufacturer Published Data)

Battery

Reliability Index Library

Interruption Cost Library

50,000+ Device Time-Current Characteristic Curves

Merge Data from Different Libraries

Export Library Data to MS Access File with Report Manager & Crystal Reports

Transformer Typical Data

Typical impedance data and X/R ratio based on transformer BIL level, MVA, and kV
rating
Base Modules
ICEA P-55-440 cable tray ampacity calculator (Stolpe Method)
Load Flow Analysis

Newton-Raphson, Fast Decoupled, & Accelerated Gauss Seidel

New double-precision Newton-Raphson method with current injection

Advanced Solution Techniques for Fast Convergence

Voltage Drop Calculations

Load Forecasting

New Alert View to display critical and marginal limit violations

Bus/Transformer/Cable Overload Warning

Option to Select any Loading Category

Global & Individual Bus Diversity Factors

ions

Individual Demand Factors for Continuous, Intermittent, & Spare Operating Condit

Option to Update the Database from Load Flow Solutions

Lumped Loads

Phase-shifting transformer

Power Factor Correction

Automatically Adjust Transformer Tap & LTC/Regulator Settings

New summary output report on bus loadings and overload conditions

Generator Governor/Exciter Control Settings

Short-Circuit Analysis

Complete Compliance with ANSI/IEEE C37 Series

Complete Compliance with IEC 60056, 60282, 61363, 60781, 60909, 60947

IEEE Standard 141 & 399, UL 489

New Arc Flash analysis program (NFPA 70E-2000) for determining incident energy a
nd flash protective boundary (ANSI and IEC)

Extensive Manufacturer Data for Fuses, LV & HV Breakers

Automatic Crest & Interrupting Duty Comparison

Automatic Peak & Breaking Duty Comparison

New Alert View to display critical and marginal limit violations

3-Phase, Line-Line, Line-Ground, & Line-Line-Ground Faults

Cycle to 30 Cycle Faults Including 2, 3, 5, & 8 Cycle Breakers

Breaking Duty as a Function of Breaker Time Delay

Interrupting Duty as a Function of Breaker Cycle Time

Fault Impedance (Z1 & Z0)

User-Definable Voltage C Factor for IEC Analysis

Complete Grounding Modeling for Motors, Generators and Transformers

CB Duty calculation based on the maximum-through fault current (ANSI)

Phase-shifting transformer for ANSI unbalanced faults

Check Making & Breaking Capabilities of Protective Devices Against Fault Current

Cable Temperature Adjustment

User-Selected Bus Faulting

Report Fault Current Contributions (Ia & 3 I0) & Voltage Profiles (Va, Vb, & Vc)

User-Selected Fault Current Contribution Level Reporting

Option to Include Motor Delays

Option to Include Feeder & Overload Heater Elements

Option to Set Pre-Fault Voltages (Fixed Values or Load Flow Results)

Option to Use Different X/R Methods & C Factors

Option to Consider Motor Contributions Based on Loading Categories

Updates Directly to Device Coordination

Motor Starting

Dynamic Motor Acceleration

Static Motor Starting

Multi-Motor Starting, Stopping, & Restarting in a Single Run

Group Starting/Acceleration of Motors & Loads using Starting Categories

Option to Select any Loading Category for Pre-Start Condition

Option to Accelerate Motors & Loads by Load Transition (Loading Categories)

Option to use Global or Individual LTC Time Delays

Dynamic Simulation of LTCs/Regulators

Phase-shifting transformer

Induction/Synchronous Motor/Generator Dynamic Models

Single-Cage, Single-Cage with Deep-Bars, Double-Cage, & Double-Cage with Indepen

dent Circuits

Start Motors, Loads, Capacitors, MOV, etc.

Comprehensive MOV Closing & Opening Operation

Motor Load Modeling


Consider Various Starting Devices Including Autotransformer, Resistor, Reactor,
& Capacitor

Time-Slider Toolbar for Continuous Display of Results on the One-Line Diagram

User-Customizable Plots with Option to Overlay

Harmonic Analysis

IEEE 519a

Harmonic Load Flow

Harmonic Resonance & Frequency Scan

Model Harmonic Sources

Filter Overloading

Filter Design

User-Definable Frequency Range (0 to 3000 Hz)

Generator & Transformer Saturation

Phase-shifting transformer

Harmonic Distortion Limits

Total Root Mean Square Value (RMS)

Total Arithmetic Summation Value (ASUM)

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)

Telephone Influence Factor (TIF)

I*T Index (I*T)

User-Customizable Plots with Option to Overlay

Customizable output reports using Crystal Reports format

Graphical Display of Harmonic Characteristics for Components

Harmonic-Slider Toolbar for Display of Harmonics on the One-Line Diagram

Frequency-Slider Toolbar for Display of Frequency Scan Results on the One-Line D

iagram
Transient Stability Analysis

Simulate any Combination of System Disturbances & Operations

Induction/Synchronous Motor/Generator Dynamic Models

Frequency Dependent Machine Models

Frequency Dependent Network Models

Extensive Dynamic Machine Models

Phase-shifting transformer

IEEE & Selected Manufacturer Exciter, Governor, & Power System Stabilizer Models
for Generator Remote voltage control bus for all exciters

User-defined Dynamic Models (UDM) interface for:

Exciter/AVR

Governor - Turbine

Power System Stabilizer

Complete integration with User-Defined Dynamic Models for the Generator Start-Up
Analysis

Unlimited Time Events & Actions

Segment (fractional) faults for cables and transmission lines

Time-Slider Toolbar for Continuous Display of Results on the One-Line Diagram

Automatic CB operation based on instantaneous relay settings

Overcurrent (50/50G)

Voltage (59/27)

Frequency (81)

Directional Overcurrent (67)

Reverse Power (32)

Motor Overcurrent (50M)

Solid State Trip (SST)

Automatic Load Shedding using Voltage & Frequency Relays

User-Customizable Plots with Option to Overlay

New plots for machine terminal impedance (for out-of-step relay setting)

New plots for branch flows (MW, Mvar, MVA, and Amps)

MOV Starting

Motor Acceleration

Motor Load Modeling

Loss of excitation action

Critical Fault Clearing Time and System Islanding Time

Fast Bus Transfer Studies

Impact Loading & Generator Rejection

User-Defined Dynamic Modeling

Build your own governor/turbine, exciter/AVR, and Power System Stabilizer contro
l block diagrams for Transient Stability analysis

Large selection of control blocks and elementary functions

Stand-alone test model performance including isolated step response

Complete integration with Generator Start-Up analysis

Run-time compile within ETAP PowerStation

Utilize models within the Transient Stability Program

Select user-built models within generator editors

Utilizes block diagrams generated by Simulink

Implement system-wide operations such as load shedding, fast bus transfer, islan
ding, etc.

Requires Transient Stability Analysis

Underground Raceway Systems Analysis

Neher-McGrath Method

Steady-State Cable Temperature Analysis

Transient Cable Temperature Analysis

Cable Ampacity Optimization

Uniform Ampacity

Cable Ampacity Optimization

Uniform Temperature

Cable Sizing

Options to keep Cable Size & Loading Fixed

Generator Start-Up Analysis

Start Generators from a Cold State

Connect Motors and Loads at any Desired Frequency and Voltage

Generator and Motor Frequency Dependent Models

Frequency Dependent Models for Network Components

Requires Transient Stability Analysis and User-Defined Dynamic Modeling

Underground Raceway Systems

Neher-McGrath Method

Steady-State Cable Temperature Analysis

Transient Cable Temperature Analysis

Cable Ampacity Optimization

Uniform Ampacity

Cable Ampacity Optimization

Uniform Temperature

Cable Sizing

Options to keep Cable Size & Loading Fixed

Ground Grid Systems

Analysis includes four different methods

IEEE 80 - 1986

IEEE 80

IEEE 665

Finite Element

Graphic user interface for conductors and rods

Graphic Soil View

Handles irregular configurations of any shape

Allows a two-layer soil model in addition to the surface material

Unlimited conductors and rods

Conductor segments can be oriented in any possible 3-D direction

2000
1995

Complete integration with one-line diagram for elements placed on the grid and s
hort-circuit values

Calculates tolerable step and touch potentials

Compares calculated step and touch potentials with tolerable limits

Optimizes number of conductors with fixed rods

Optimizes number of conductors and rods based on cost

Calculate the maximum allowable current for conductors

Compares allowable currents against fault currents

Calculates ground system resistance

Calculates ground potential rise (GPR)

User-expandable conductor library

Tabulates absolute, step, and touch potentials throughout the grid

3-D plot of grid configuration showing conductors and rods

3-D plots of absolute, step, and touch potentials

Customizable output reports using Crystal Reports format

Panel Schedule

3-phase 3-wire and 4-wire panels

1-phase 2-wire and 3-wire panels

Graphic user interface

Unlimited circuits with or without external connections

Unlimited sub-panel connections

External (graphical) load and branch connections

Spreadsheet load modeling

Column and standard layouts

ANSI and IEC standard panels

Extensive switching device libraries

Comprehensive circuit feeder/cable libraries

User-configurable defaults and layouts

Dynamic sub-panel and main-panel schedule updates

User selectable load types (LCL, NCL, warehouse, receptacle, hospitals, etc.)

User modifiable demand and diversity factors (NEC and others)

Ten loading categories per circuit

Customizable panel schedules using Crystal Reports format

Intelligent panel calculations

Detailed panel loading summary

Optimal Power Flow

Comprehensive Objectives & Constraints

Determine all Control Settings

Ensure all Controls are within Limits

Ensure all Bus & Branch Constraints are met

Ensure all Objectives are met

Minimize System Operating Cost

Maximize System Performance

Minimize Real & Reactive Power Losses & Circulating Reactive Power

Minimize Real Power Exchange with Other Systems (Utilities or Power Grids)

Maximize Voltage Security Index

Maximize Branch Loading Security Index

Minimize Series & Shunt Compensation

Minimize Load Shedding

Minimize Control Movements / Actions

Minimize Generation Fuel Cost

Generator fuel cost minimization

Utility electricity cost minimization

Advanced Load Forecasting

DC Load Flow & DC Short-Circuit Analysis

IEEE 308, 446, 485, 946 Standards

DC Short-Circuit

DC Load Flow

Battery Sizing & Voltage Drop

DC-DC Converter Elements

Battery Charger, Inverter, & UPS Elements

DC Battery Discharge Analysis

Calculate battery discharge using an existing battery or using a battery that is

automatically sized by ETAP

Battery discharge using DC Load Flow method or load summation method

Generate plots and reports using Crystal Reports

Use different diversity and correction factors such as, temperature, aging, init
ial capacity, and initial conditions

ics

Plots for battery duty cycle, voltage, capacity, current, power and characterist

Plots for branch flow, bus voltage, and bus loading

Reliability Analysis

Analysis includes protective device effects on fault isolation and load restorat
ion such as replacement and alternative supply

Radial, looped, and multiple isolated system configurations

Model each component with its own reliability characteristics

Implements the user-defined parameters and settings

Calculate load point and bus reliability indices:

Average Failure Rate [l]

Average Outage Duration [r]

Annual Outage Duration [m]

Calculate system reliability indices:

System Average Interruption Frequency Index [SAIFI]

System Average Interruption Duration Index [SAIDI]

Customer Average Interruption Duration Index [CAIDI]

Average Service Availability Index [ASAI]

Average Service Unavailability Index [ASUI]

Calculate reliability cost/worth indices for load points, buses, and system:

Expected Energy Not Supplied [EENS]

Expected Interruption Cost [ECOST]

Interrupted Energy Assessment Rate [IEAR]

Rank element contributions to the cost/worth indices

Sensitivity analyses for EENS s and ECOST s:

Element contributions to the EENS and their rankings

Element contributions to the ECOST and their rankings

Customizable output reports using Crystal Reports format

PowerPlot Device Coordination

Operates as Stand-Alone or Directly Interfaced with One-Line Diagrams

Unlimited Scenarios

50,000+ Curves

Transformer Inrush & Damage Curves

Cable Damage, Motor Starting, & Recloser Curves

Intermediate Time-Dial Settings

Log-Log / Plain Paper

Verified Database