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Lecture19 PDF
Lecture19 PDF
Third Edition
BEAMS: DEFORMATION BY
SUPERPOSITION
A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
19
Chapter
9.7 9.8
by
Dr. Ibrahim A. Assakkaf
SPRING 2003
ENES 220 Mechanics of Materials
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Maryland, College Park
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 1
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Method of Superposition
When a beam is subjected to several loads
(see Fig. 18) at various positions along the
beam, the problem of determining the
slope and the deflection usually becomes
quite involved and tedious.
This is true regardless of the method used.
However, many complex loading
conditions are merely combinations of
Slide No. 2
Deflection by Superposition
Method of Superposition
relatively simple loading conditions
P
w1
L
Figure 18
y w2
x
x
a
(a)
b
(b)
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 3
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Method of Superposition
Assumptions:
The beam behaves elastically for the combined
loading.
The beam also behaves elastically for the each
of the individual loads.
Small deflection theory.
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 4
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Method of Superposition
If it is assumed that the beam behaves
elastically for the combined loading, as well
as for the individual loads, the resulting final
deflection of the loaded beam is simply the
sum of the deflections caused by each of the
individual loads.
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 5
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Method of Superposition
This sum may be an algebraic one (Figure
19) or it might be a vector sum as shown in
Figure 20, the type depending on whether
or not the individual deflection lie in the
same plane.
The superposition method can illustrated
by various practical examples.
Slide No. 6
Deflection by Superposition
Method of Superposition
y
Figure 19
w1
||
P
a
x
y
y w2
||
+w
x
y
wt
x
Method of Superposition
+
x
Slide No. 7
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Principle of Superposition:
Deformations of beams subjected to
combinations of loadings may be
obtained as the linear combination of
the deformations from the individual
loadings
Slide No. 8
Deflection by Superposition
Method of Superposition
Figure 20
w
y
A
= y2 + z2
Slide No. 9
Deflection by Superposition
Figure 21
20 kN/m
D
L=8m
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 10
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 11
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Slide No. 12
Deflection by Superposition
150 kN
y
2m
20 kN/m
=
x
150 kN
2m
+
x
L=8m
20 kN/m
x
L=8m
L=8m
Slide No. 13
Deflection by Superposition
Illustrative Example for the Use of
150 kN Superposition150 kN
y
y
2m
2m
2m
20 kN/m
x
D
L=8m
L=8m
20 kN/m
x
D
L=8m
D = D due to P + D due to w
Figure 23. Original Deflection is Broken into Two Individual Deflections
Slide No. 14
Deflection by Superposition
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 15
ENES 220 Assakkaf
( D )P =
(25a)
( yD )P =
3PL3
3 150 103 (8)
=
= 0.009 m
256 EI 256(100 106 )
(25b)
Slide No. 16
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 17
Deflection by Superposition
( D )P =
w
20 103
( 356) = 0.00293 rad
4 x 3 + 6 Lx 2 L3 =
24 EI
24 100 106
( yD )P =
w
20 10
( 912) = 0.0076 m
x 4 + 2 Lx 3 L3 x =
24 EI
24 100 106
Slide No. 18
Deflection by Superposition
Illustrative Example for the Use of
Superposition
Slide No. 19
Deflection by Superposition
150 kN
2m
y
20 kN/m
2m
D
L=8m
150 kN
( D )P
L=8m
( D )P
2m
20 kN/m
x
D
L=8m
( D )w
D = ( D ) p + ( D )w and y D = ( y D ) p + ( y D )w
( D )w
10
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 20
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 21
ENES 220 Assakkaf
11
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 22
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 23
ENES 220 Assakkaf
12
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 24
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 25
ENES 220 Assakkaf
13
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 26
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 27
ENES 220 Assakkaf
14
Slide No. 28
Deflection by Superposition
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 29
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Table 2c
15
Slide No. 30
Deflection by Superposition
2m
150 kN
20 kN/m
Figure 21
D
L=8m
Slide No. 31
Deflection by Superposition
150 kN
2m
y
20 kN/m
2m
D
L=8m
150 kN
( D )P
L=8m
( D )P
2m
20 kN/m
x
D
L=8m
( D )w
D = ( D ) p + ( D )w and y D = ( y D ) p + ( y D )w
( D )w
16
Slide No. 32
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 33
Deflection by Superposition
17
Slide No. 34
Deflection by Superposition
)] (
) ]
) [ (
( ) = dy = Pb [3x (L b )] = 150 10 (6) [3(2) (8 6 )] = 0.003 rad
dx 6 EIL
6(100 10 )(8)
( y D )P =
Pb 3
150 103 (6) 3
2 82 6 2 (2 ) = 0.009 m
x L2 b 2 x =
6 EIL
6 100 106 (8)
D P
Slide No. 35
Deflection by Superposition
Example 6
Use the method of superposition to find the
slope and deflection at point B of the
beam. y
w
C
L
2
L
2
18
Slide No. 36
Deflection by Superposition
Example 6 (contd)
The given loading can be obtained by
superposing the loadings shown in the
following picture equation (Fig. 25). The
beam AB is, of course, the same in each
part of the figure.
For each the loadings 1 and 2, the slope
and deflection at B can be determined by
using the Tables 1 or 2. (Textbook Table
B-19)
Slide No. 37
Deflection by Superposition
Example 6 (contd)
A
L
2
w
B
L
2
yB
Figure 25
Loading 1
C w
A
Loading 2
B
L
2
L
2
( yB )1
L
2
( B )2
( B )1
L
2
B
C
( yB )2
19
Slide No. 38
Problem 6 (contd)
SOLUTION:
Superpose the deformations due to Loading I and Loading II as shown.
Slide No. 39
Deflection by Superposition
Example 6 (contd)
Loading 1:
From Table 1a or Table 2a (also Table B-19 of
the textbook),
3
( B )1 = wL
6 EI
Loading 2:
and
( y B )1 = wL
8EI
(27a)
( C )2
w(L / 2)
wL3
=+
=+
6 EI
48 EI
3
and
( yC )2
w(L / 2)
wL4
=+
=
8 EI
128EI
4
(27b)
20
Slide No. 40
Deflection by Superposition
Example 6 (contd)
A
Loading 2
C
L
2
( B )2
( C )2
A
Figure 26
(28)
( yB )2 = ( yC )2 + L ( C )2
(29)
( B )2 = ( C )2 = +
L
2
Slope = ( C )2
( yB )2
B
C
( yC )2
( yC )2
L
2
( yB )2
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 41
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Example 6 (contd)
Total slope and deflection:
Slope of Point B:
B = ( B )1 + ( B )2 =
wL3 wL3
7 wL3
+
=
6 EI 48EI
48EI
Deflection of Point B:
wL4
L wL3
7 wL4
= +
+
2
128 EI 2 48EI
384 EI
wL4 7 wL4
41wL4
y B = ( y B )1 + ( y B )2 =
+
=
8 EI 384 EI
384 EI
( y B )2 = ( yC )2 + L ( C )2 =
21
Slide No. 42
Deflection by Superposition
Example 7
wL
w
Figure 27
Slide No. 43
Deflection by Superposition
Example 7 (contd)
Loading 1
wL
w
A
B
L
Figure 28
B
L
wL
Loading 2
C
B
L
L
Straight Line
( C )1
( C )1
( C )2
( C )2
22
Slide No. 44
Deflection by Superposition
Example 7 (contd)
Using the solutions listed in Table 1a.
Cases 1 and 2 (Textbook Table B-19) with
P = wL
C = ( C )1 + ( C )2 = ( C )1 + ( B )2 + L( B )2
=
wL3
P (2 L)3 wL4
+
L
3EI
8
EI
6
EI
3
wL3
71wL4
wL(2 L ) wL4
=
+
L
3EI
24 EI
6 EI
8EI
Slide No. 45
Deflection by Superposition
Example 8
For the simply supported beam of Fig. 29,
use the method of superposition to
determine the total deflection at point C in
terms of P, L, E, and I.
y
Figure 29
L/4
L/4
23
Slide No. 46
Deflection by Superposition
Example 8 (contd)
P
B
L/4 L/4
Loading 2
Loading 1
P
B
L/4 L/4
x = L/2
ycenter
PL3
=
48 EI
L
From Table 1b (Text B-19)
Case 5
a = 3L / 4, b = L / 4
ycenter =
Deflection by Superposition
L/4 L/4
L
From Table 1c (Text B-19)
Case 6
Figure 30
Pb(3L2 4b 2 )
48 EI
Slide No. 47
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Example 8 (contd)
Table 1b
24
Slide No. 48
Deflection by Superposition
Example 8 (contd)
Table 1c
Slide No. 49
Deflection by Superposition
Example 8 (contd)
Deflection due to Loading 1:
( yC )1 =
PL3
48 EI
48 EI
48 EI
768 EI
PL3 11PL3
9 PL3
=
48 EI 768 EI
256 EI
25
Slide No. 50
Deflection by Superposition
Example 9
Using the method of superposition, find the
deflection at a point midway between the
supports of the beam shown in the figure in
terms of w, L, E, and I.
wL/4
y
w
A
Figure 31
L/2
3L/4
Slide No. 51
Deflection by Superposition
Example 9 (contd)
The deflection at a point midway between
the supports can be determined by
considering the beam shown in Fig. 32.
Note that since the shear forces VB and VC
do not contribute to the deflection at any
point in span BC, the mid-span deflection
can be expressed as
mid = M + M
B
(28)
26
Slide No. 52
Deflection by Superposition
Example 9 (contd)
wL/4
Figure 32
w
A
L/2
yV
MB =
wL L
2 4
3L/4
wL
2
VC =
wL2
=
8
C
wL
4
C
MC =
wL 3L 3wL
=
4 4 16
Slide No. 53
Deflection by Superposition
Example 9 (contd)
Using the solutions listed in Table 1, Table
2, or Table B-19 of the textbook with
MB = wL2/8 and MC = 3wL2/16
mid = M + M =
B
16 EI
)( )
/ 16 L2
16 EI
5wL
256 EI
27
Slide No. 54
Deflection by Superposition
Example 9 (contd)
Table 1d
Slide No. 55
Deflection by Superposition
Example 10
For the beam in Fig. 33, determine the
flexural stress at point A and the deflection
of the left-hand end.
w = 5 psi
6 in
A
Figure 33
4 in
80 in
P = 600 lb
28
Slide No. 56
Deflection by Superposition
Example 10 (contd)
The stress at point A is a combination of
compressive flexural stress due to the
concentrated load and a tensile flexural
stress due to the distributed load, hence,
A =
3
3
Iz
Iy
4(6 ) / 12
6(4 ) / 12
2
Slide No. 57
Deflection by Superposition
Example 10 (contd)
E = 2.4 106 psi
w = 5 psi
6 in
80 in
4 in
Figure 34
P = 600 lb
y
z
= y2 + z2
29
Slide No. 58
Deflection by Superposition
Example 10 (contd)
The deflection at the end of a cantilever
beam with uniformly distributed load is
given by (see Table 1a, case 2)
5(4 )(80)
wL4
=
= 0.5926 in
8EI z 8 2.4 10 6 4(6)3 / 12
4
y0 =
)[
Deflection by Superposition
Example 10 (contd)
Slide No. 59
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Table 1a
30
Deflection by Superposition
Slide No. 60
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Example 10 (contd)
Superimposing the results for the
deflections due to the concentrated and
distributed loads, the deflection at the free
end is the vector sum:
= y02 + z02 =
(0.5626)2 + (1.3333)2
= 1.447 in
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Slide No. 61
ENES 220 Assakkaf
31
Slide No. 62
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Slide No. 63
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
A
L
32
Slide No. 64
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Slide No. 65
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
A
L
L
RB
(a)
(b)
( y B )w
A
RB
( y B )R
(c)
33
Slide No. 66
Slide No. 67
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
( y B )R
=+
RB L3
3EI
and
( y B )w = wL
8 EI
(37)
y B = ( y B )RA + ( y B )w = 0
(38)
34
Slide No. 68
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Table 1a
Slide No. 69
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
RB L3 wL4
=0
3EI 8 EI
Solving for RB, the result is
+
3
RB = + wL
8
(39)
(40)
35
Slide No. 70
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
RAy = wL RB
Slide No. 71
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
MA
RAx
wL
w
A
RAy
B
x
RB
36
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Slide No. 72
ENES 220 Assakkaf
3
M A = RB L + wL2 = wL L wL2
2
8
2
1
(43)
= wL2
8
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Slide No. 73
ENES 220 Assakkaf
RAx = 0
1
M A = wL2
8
5
RAy = wL
8
3
RB = wL
8
37
Slide No. 74
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Example 12
2L
Slide No. 75
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Example 12 (contd)
2wL
w
A
2L
Cw
Aw
Aw
AR
AP
Cw
(a)
+
AP
Figure 41
AR
2wL
A
C
B
CR
(b)
RA
CR
CP
CP
(c)
38
Slide No. 76
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Example 12 (contd)
8 EI
6 EI
3EI
2 EI
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
3EI
Slide No. 77
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Table 1a
39
Slide No. 78
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Example 12 (contd)
From which (Eq. 44),
2wL
RA = +
C
A
2L
MB
RA
38wL
27
+ Fy = 0; RA P w(2 L ) + RB = 0
RB
FBD
38wL
2 wL 2 wL + RB = 0
3EI
70 wL
RB =
27
Slide No. 79
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
2wL
Example 12 (contd)
+
L
RA
2L
MB
RB
FBD
2 EI
3EI
8 EI
62 wL4
81EI
40
Statically Indeterminate
Transversely Loaded Beams
Slide No. 80
ENES 220 Assakkaf
Table 1b
41