O C KINH

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Nhn T Nguyn Vn Th
kho lun & bnh dch

Lo T k ngu (Lo T ci tru) tranh ca Triu V Cu (1053-1110) i Bc Tng

MC LC
Kho Lun
1

Phi l
1. Tiu s Lo t
a. Tiu s Lo t theo T M Thin:
* Lo t truyn kho
* Lo t c tch
b. Tiu s Lo t theo Lo t minh
c. Tiu s Lo t theo Lo t bin ho
kinh
2. i cng o c kinh
a. Lo t - mt con ngui hiu c
b. Lo t l mt nh huyn hc
c. Tot lc o c kinh
3. Tng lun

Bnh dch
THNG KINH: O KINH

H KINH: C KINH

Chng 1 - Th o

Chng 38 - Lun c

Chng 2 - Dng thn

Chng 39 - Php bn

Chng 3 - An dn

Chng 40 - Kh dng

Chng 4 - V nguyn

Chng 41 - ng d

Chng 5 - H dng

Chng 42 - o ho

Chng 6 - Thnh tng

Chng 43 - Bin dng

Chng 7 - Thao quang

Chng 44 - Tri ch

Chng 8 - D tnh

Chng 45 - Hng c

Chng 9 - Vn di

Chng 46 - Kim dc

Chng 10 - Nng vi

Chng 47 - Gim vin

Chng 11 - V dng

Chng 48 - Vong tri

Chng 12 - Kim dc

Chng 49 - Nhim

Chng 13 - Ym s

c
Chng 50 - Qu sinh
2

Chng 14 - Tn huyn

Chng 51 - Dng

Chng 15 - Hin c

Chng 16 - Qui cn

Chng 52 - Qui

Chng 17 - Thun phong

nguyn

Chng 18 - Tc bc

Chng 53 - ch chng

Chng 19 - Hon thun

Chng 54 - Tu quan

Chng 20 - D tc

Chng 55 - Huyn

Chng 21 - H tm
Chng 22 - ch khim
Chng 23 - H v
Chng 24 - Kh n

ph
Chng 56 - Huyn
c
Chng 57 - Thun
phong

Chng 25 - Tung nguyn

Chng 58 - Thun
Chng 26 - Trng c
Chng 27 - Xo dng
Chng 28 - Phn phc
Chng 29 - V vi
Chng 30 - Kim vu
Chng 31 - Yn v

ho
Chng 59 - Th o
Chng 60 - C v
Chng 61 - Khim
c
Chng 62 - Vi o

Chng 32 - Thnh c

(Qu o)

Chng 33 - Bin c

Chng 63 - Tu thy

Chng 34 - Nhim thnh

Chng 64 - Th vi

Chng 35 - Nhn c

Chng 65 - Thun

Chng 36 - Vi minh

Chng 37 - Vi chnh

Chng 66 - Hu k
Chng 67 - Tam bo
Chng 68 - Phi thin
Chng 69 - Huyn
dng
Chng 70 - Tri nan
3

Chng 71 - Tri bnh

Chng 72 - i k
Chng 73 - Nhim vi
Chng 74 - Ch hoc
Chng 75 - Tham tn
Chng 76 - Gii
cung
Chng 77 - Thin o
Chng 78 - Nhim tn
Chng 79 - Nhim
kh
Chng 80 - c lp
Chng 81 - Hin cht
Sch tham kho chnh

O C KINH
Nhn T Nguyn Vn Th
kho lun & bnh dch

mc lc kho lun
1
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73

2
11
20
29
38
47
56
65
74

3
12
21
30
39
48
57
66
75

4
13
22
31
40
49
58
67
76

5
14
23
32
41
50
59
68
77

6
15
24
33
42
51
60
69
78

7
16
25
34
43
52
61
70
79

8
17
26
35
44
53
62
71
80

9
18
27
36
45
54
63
72
81

Thng Kinh
O KINH

CHNG I
TH O [1]

Hn vn:

. . ; .
; , . . . . .
Phin m:
1. o kh o phi thng o. Danh kh danh phi thng danh.
2. V danh thin a chi thy; Hu danh vn vt chi mu.
3. C thng v dc d quan k diu; Thng hu dc d quan k kiu.
4. Th lng gi ng xut nhi d danh. ng v chi huyn. Huyn chi hu huyn. Chng diu chi mn.
Dch xui:
1. o (m) c th gi c, khng phi l o thng (hng cu). Tn m c th gi c, khng
(cn) phi l tn thng (hng cu).
2. Khng tn l gc ca tri t, c tn l m ca mun vt.
3. Cho nn thng khng c dc nhn thy ch vi diu ca mnh. Thng c dc, nhn thy ch
gii hn (cng dng) [2] ca mnh.
4. Hai ci cng mt ngun gc, nhng tn khc nhau, u gi l Huyn nhim. (Ci) ti huyn
nhim y chnh l ca pht sinh ra mi iu huyn diu.
Dch th:
1. Ha cng h d t tn,
Khun thing h d m em lun bn.
2. Khng tn sng to th gian,
C tn, l m mun vn th sinh.
5

3. Tch nhin cho thy uy linh,

Hin dng cho thy cng trnh vn vi.

4. Hai phng din mt Ha Nhi,

Huyn linh khn xut huyn vi khn lng.

y l chng diu chi mn,

Ca thing pht xut mi ngun huyn vi.
BNH GING
Chng 1 ny rt quan trng v bn v o th ca v tr. Ta c th nng theo Lo t m bnh gii
nh sau:
o l g?
1. o chnh l Tuyt i, l Bn th thng hng cu v tr. V Tuyt i, nn o kh bn ci, kh
xng danh.
2. o chnh l ngun gc sinh xut v tr qun sinh.
3. o c th vo mt trong hai trng thi: tnh v ng. Tnh l trng thi cha hin dng. ng l
trng thi hin dng. Cha hin dng thi minh linh, o diu, khng bit u l bn b. hin
dng, thi mi thy cng trnh vn vi, gii hn.
4. Nhng hin dng hay khng hin dng, vn ch l mt o th siu vi. Danh hiu tuy khc nhau
nhng tu trung vn l mt thc th. o th siu vi y l ca thing sinh xut ra mi iu huyn vi o
diu.
5. Quan nim ca cc nh bnh gii v ch o: Cc nh bnh gii v cc dch gi u chu thng hiu
o l Nguyn l v tr. Wieger dch o l Principe (Nguyn l). A. Rmusat dch o l Logos (Thn
ngn). Stanislas Julien dch o l La Voie (ng). P. B. Blakney dch o l The Way (ng). Cc dch
gi ngi c dch o l Weg (ng), Vernunft (L), Wort (Logos, Thn ngn), Wahrheit (Chn l). A.
W. Watts dch o l Ralit ultime (Thc th ti hu). Trong bn dch o c Kinh u tin ra ting
Latinh ch o c dch l: L; Nguyn l; To ha. [3] A. Rmusat, gio s Hoa ng i hc Paris,
dch gi o c kinh, cho rng ch c th dch ch o bng ch Logos vi ngha l Nguyn th, Nguyn
l, Nguyn m. [4] Hardwick, gio s i hc Cambridge, cho rng ch o phi c hiu l Nguyn
nhn tru tng, l Nguyn l, Nguyn sinh v hnh, v tng, v thy v chung, v bin t, v.v. [5]
Cc nh bnh gii o c kinh, Hoa hay Vit cng u gii o l Nguyn l ti cao, l ngun gc sinh
ra tri t vn vt, l Thi cc, v.v.
6

 gii thch ch o cho r hn, ti mn li l ca Hoi Nam t trong thin Nguyn o

hun (xem Hoi Nam t, chng I), v trnh by nh sau:
Ha cng ch t che tri,
Mnh mng bn hng, chi vi tm tng.
Cao cao v tn v ngn,
Thm su, su my mun tm o sao.
Trm tri m t cng bao,
V hnh, v tng, nh no hnh dung.
Ngun tung, sui ta tng bng,
Ng l sp cn, bng dng y trn.
o o, cun cun, vang vang,
Ng l vn c, vn hon trong veo.
Ging ln, t ngp tri teo,
Tung ra, bn bin c chiu mung lung.
Ra tay linh diu khn cng,
Quang m khn cn, dm chng vn du.
Khi tung tri t khng va,
Khi thu, nh xu lt va nm tay.
Tuy co m dn nh my,
Tuy m m sng nh ngy nng chang.

T non m rt cng cng,

Mm nhung, m rn in tung thp gang.
Gm t c, vai mang tu nguyt,
Ngt tri my soi ht trng sao.
Mn mng, thm thit bit bao,
T vi, tm tt t sao cho cng.
Ni nh th, m tung cao vt,
Vc da uy, su ngt ngn trng.

Ngi cho th chy trong rng,

Cho chim tung cnh chn tng my xanh.
Ngi t nh quang minh nht nguyt,

Ngi rong cng rui ht tinh vi.

K ln a rn cng v,

Phng loan bay bng quyn uy khng ngoi.

i thi c, c hai hong ,
Nh n ngi ch v trc sau,
Mi nn nhn c nhim mu;
Thn thng ha dc, dn u mun phng.
Quyn uy ngi khn lng, khn t,
Rung c tri, lng c t ai,
Quay cho tri t vn xoay,

X cho nc chy m ngy chng thi.

Thy chung snh vai mun vt,
Thi gi ging, p ln my,
Vic g cng c dng tay,

m m sm ng, ma bay t quyn...

Sau khi hiu o l Nguyn l ti ca ca vn hu, sau khi nhn nh rng o v hnh danh v
bt kh t ngh, ti s dng nhng t ng hu hnh danh nh: Ha Cng, Ha Nhi, To ha, Khun
xanh, Khun thing, v.v. dch ch o.
S d ti dm lm nh vy l v:
1. o khng c tn, cho nn dng danh t no cng bt xng nh nhau, k t ngay c ch o.
Chnh Lo t cng ch trng nh vy. Ngi vit: Ng bt tri k danh, t chi vit o. ,
(Ta khng bit tn ngi, ta gi bng o.)
2. Trang t nhiu khi cng nhn cch ha o v gi bng To Ha, To vt gi, v.v. (Xem Nam Hoa
kinh, chng 6, F).
Cu Thng v dc d quan k diu, thng hu dc d quan k kiu. ,
ni on 3 chng ny xa nay thng c dch v gii nh sau:
8

Khng c dc tnh mi tht c bn th vi diu ca o, c dc tnh thi ch thy c nhng hnh

tng, vn th, sai bit bn ngoi ca o m thi.
rng mun hiu o, thi cn phi sng phi kt vi o, v th nn H Thng Cng mi gi
chng ny l Th o . Cc nh o hc cng cn cho rng hai cu ny chnh l cha kha i
vo cng phu tu luyn, c o, thnh tin. H Thng Cng , Hunh Nguyn Ct ,
Wieger, Legge, Stanislas, Julien, v.v. u hiu nht lot nh vy.
Rng hay th tht l hay, nhng ring ti thy rng nu dch nh vy, chng nht ny s mt mch
lc. on 3 ny s khng n vi on 4. Wieger nhn thy s mt mch lc y nn ng nh s
on 3 thnh on 4, v lc dch em on 3 ny xung cui chng.
Chng l Lo t vit sch m khng lu n mch lc ca chng c hay sao. Chnh v vy m khi
dch ti vn p dng hai cu ny cho o, thay v cho ngi, v cho rng hai cu ny m t hai phng
din n hin ca o.
Tch nhin cho thy uy linh,
Hin dng cho thy cng trnh vn vi.
Dch nh vy ta thy hai cu sau cng mi c ngha:

Hai phng din mt Ha Nhi,

Huyn linh khn xit, huyn vi khn lng,

y l chng diu chi mn,

Ca thing pht xut mi ngun huyn vi.
Li dch v hiu ca ti lm cho chng ny tr nn nht tr, v trn di ch lun v o, v o th. V
nu c th t tn cho chng ny, ti s t l o th thay v hai ch Th o ca H Thng Cng.
Nhn xt rng Lo t sau ny cn dng nhiu chng bn lun v o (xem cc chng 4, 14, 6, 25,
34, 42, 52) th khng c l ni chng I, ngi li ni c c mt hai cu v o, ri vi vng quay ra dy
cng phu tu luyn, bit o, hiu o. Chnh v vy m ti mi c li bnh v dch nh trn. Sai hay phi
sau ny ty cng lun ph phn. [6]
[1] Tn cc chng theo H Thng Cng .
[2] Annie Besant dch:
Nous devons tre trouvs toujours sans dsir
Si nous voulons en sonder le mystre profond.
9

Mais si le dsir est toujours en nous,

Nous nen verrons que la frange extrieure
Annie Besant, La Sagesse antique, p. 22.
[3] The first translation of the Tao Teh King into a Western language was executed in Latin by some of the
Roman Catholic missionaries and a copy of it was brought to England by a Mr. Matthew Raper, F. R. S.
and presented by him to the Society at a meeting on the 10th January 1788, being the gift to him of P.
Jes. De Gramment, Missionarius Apostolicus, ex-Jesuita. In this version, To is taken in the sense of
Ratio, or the Supreme Reason of the Divine Being, the Creator and Governor. James Legge, The Text of
Taoism, p. 58.
[4] Ce mot me semble ne pas pouvoir tre bien traduit si ce nest par le mot Logos, dans le triple sens de
souverain tre de raison et de parole. (Ibid., p. 58)
[5] The indefinite expression Tao was adopted to denominate an abstract cause, or the initial principle of life
and order, to which worshippers were able to assign the attributes of immateriality, eternity, immensity,
invisibility. (Ibid., p. 59)
[6] a) Hai phng din n hin ca o thng hay c cc nh huyn hc cp ti. Annie Besant vit
trong quyn La Sagesse antique nh sau: Dans le To Teh Ching, lenseignement traditionnel au sujet
du Non-Manifest et du Manifest ressort clairement: Le To qui peut tre suivi nest pas le tao ternel
er immuable. Le nom qui peut tre nomm nest pas le nom ternel et immuable. Lorsquil na point de
nom, il est Celui qui a engendr le Ciel et la Terre; lorsquil possde un nom, il est la Mre de toutes
choses. (...) Sous ces deux aspects, il est identique en ralit mais mesure que le dveloppement se
produit, il reoit diffrents noms. Ensemble nous les appelons le Mystre. (I, 1, 2, 4) Xem La Sagesse
antique, p. 18.
b) Ramakrishna nhn nh v Tuyt i cng ging y nh Lo t. ng vit trong quyn L Enseignement
de Ramakrishna nh sau:
- LAbsolu est ineffable, impensable, inconcevable. (op, cit. p. 467)
- LAbsolu est ltre non conditionn par quoi que ce soit: ni, par le temps, ni par lespace, ni par la
causalit, comment les paroles pourraient-elles lexprimer. (Ibid., p. 467)
- Quand on pense ltre Suprme sous son aspect inactif (nishkriya) on le nomme Dieu absolu
(Shuddha-Brahman) et quand on le reprsente sous son aspect actif crant soutenant et dtruisant, on
le nomme Shakti ou Divinit personnelle. (Ibid., p. 475)

10

CHNG 2
DNG THN

Hn vn:

, ; , . , ,
, , , . , .
, , , . , .
Phin m:
1. Thin h giai tri m chi vi m, t c d; giai tri thin chi vi thin, t bt thin d. C hu v tng sinh, nan
d tng thnh, trng on tng hnh,[1] cao h tng khuynh, m thanh tng ha, tin hu tng ty.
2. Th d thnh nhn x v vi chi s, hnh bt ngn chi gio. [2]
3. Vn vt tc yn nhi bt t, sinh nhi bt hu, vi nhi bt th,[3] cng thnh nhi pht c.
4. Ph duy pht c, th d bt kh. [4]
Dch xui:
1. Thin h u bit p l p, th l xu vy; u bit tt l tt th l khng tt vy, bi v c khng sinh
ra nhau d kh thnh tu ln nhau, ngn di to thnh ln nhau, trn di ln lo ra nhau, thanh m ha hp
vi nhau, sau trc theo nhau.
2. Cho nn thnh nhn dng V vi m x s, dng v ngn m dy d.
3. Vn vt hot ng m vn im lm; sng ng m khng (i quyn) s hu; lao tc m khng cy cng;
cng thnh m khng lu luyn.
4. Khng lu luyn nn mi khng mt.
Dch th:

1. Ngi i thy p bit khen,

Th l ci xu chen vo ri.
11

iu hay r khc nhi,

Thi dang d li thi sinh dn.
Mi hay: Khng c chuyn vn,
D sinh ra kh, vn nhn thnh di.
Thp cao ty ng ngc xui,
Ting ca, trm bng, dng i trc sau.
2. Thnh nhn khinh khot tng cao,
V vi, thm lng, tiu hao dy i.
3. Ka xem mun vt thnh thi,
Im lm sinh hot, mt li cng khng.

Ngy m lm chng k cng,

Cng thnh phi phi, tuyt khng bn lng.
4. Khng nn n lc thnh cng,
Cho nn tn ti mi cng thin thu.
BNH GING
1. Sau khi cho ta thy o th siu vit tuyt i ni chng I, Lo t lin cho ta thy ni y mt ci
nhn bao qut v th gii tng i bin thin, y mu thun, v cho rng nhng mu thun y u l tng
i, gi to i vi mt nh o hc.
Theo Lo t trong ci hay c ci d, trong ci d li c ci hay. (K, chng 58). V li, Thin c cng
chng khc nhau l bao nhiu. (K, ch. 20)
Ti sao vy? Bi v vn vt o ha bin thin. Nu ta tch mi s ra khi vng bin dch, ta s thy xu tt
khc nhau. Nhng nu ta lng mi s vo vng bin chuyn, ta s thy thin cng nh c, p cng nh
xu, khng c g l c nh.
Hraclite cng vit: Trong chu k bin ha, sng cht p i nhau. Tin tc, tc tin; tc sng thi
tin cht, tc cht thi tin sng. [5]
Sng hay cht, thc hay ng, tr hay gi ch l mt, v s bin ha, ci ny s thnh ci kia, ci kia s
thnh ci n. [6] [... ] Nht tn thi thnh vn, vn t thi thnh nht. [7]
Kinh nghim cng cho chng ta thy rng: S thin c theo thi gian, theo tro lu lch s cng lun
lun thay i b mt.
12

S gia Henry Steele Commager vit: Lch s cho chng ta thy rng cc tiu chun, cc gi tr, cc
nguyn tc bin i theo thi gian v x hi. trong mt x hi, chng bin i theo mi th h. Cc gio
hong xa c la chn v hc vn v nhn c tin rng lun l bt buc cc ngi phi tiu tr lon
gio (hrsies) bng st bng la, bng bo tn bng tra tn. Cc ngi u chu th k XVI khng ngn
ngi, git ngi da , v cho rng h khng c linh hn. Nhng ngi thanh gio (puritains) gii giang v
ngay thng khng ngn ngi kt n t hnh nhng m ph thy, v th k XIX, cc ngi Cng gio
min Nam nc M cho rng ch n l l mt n sng ca Tri. [8]
Trang t cng vit i khi rng: Trn phng din o th th mt cng c hay mt x nh, nng L hay
Ty Thi, vui hay bun, khn hay di, tt c u l mt. Thnh suy thnh bi ch l nhng trng thi tng tc
lun phin. Tt c u l mt nhng ch c nhng bc i tr mi thy c. Cho nn thnh nhn vt ln
trn cc quan nim th phi yn ngh trong Ha Cng, mc cho s vt chuyn vn xui ngc. [9]
Th tc l trong th gii bin dch, ta phi chp nhn mi trng thi, mi kha cnh, v phi bit vn mnh
ln trn nhng cp mu thun tng i y sng trong o th i ng. V th tip theo Lo t mi
khuyn chng ta: X v vi chi s, hnh bt ngn chi gio. , .
2. X v vi chi s
Hai ch V vi rt l quan trng. Lo t, Lit t, Trang t thng cp n hai ch v vi. Ta thy o c
kinh cp hai ch V vi ni cc chng:
- Chng 2, B
- Chng 3, C
- Chng 10, D
- Chng 37, A
- Chng 38, A
- Chng 43, B
- Chng 48, B
- Chng 57, C
- Chng 63, A
- Chng 64, C
Xung H chn kinh cp V vi ni cc chng:
- Chng 2, J (Lon Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoiste, tr. 94)

13

- Chng 8, H (tr. 186) (nh ngha V vi).

Nam Hoa kinh cp V vi ni cc chng:
- Chng 6, G (tr. 258) v E (tr. 254)
- Chng 7, F (tr. 266)
- Chng 10, D (tr. 280)
- Chng 11 A (tr. 284)
- Chng 11 D (tr. 290)
- Chng 11 F (tr. 292) (nh ngha V vi)
- Chng 12 A v B (tr. 294)
- Chng 13 A (tr. 308)
- Chng 13 B (tr. 310)
- Chng 15 B (tr. 130)
- Chng 18 A (tr. 350)
- Chng 22 H (tr. 396)
V vi l g? Cc hc gi bnh gii o c kinh thng cho rng V vi l sng thun theo t nhin. Thit
tng gii nh vy cha cho chng ta thy c ht tm quan trng ca hai ch V vi.
Lit t cho rng: Li ni cao siu nht l s thm lng, vic lm cao siu nht l v vi. [10]
Trang t cho rng: V vi l ng li ca tri t. [11] V vi l cng vic ca Tri. [12] Tch mch v
vi l cn bn ca vn vt. [13] V vi tr v kh hp vi bn cn, bn tnh, thnh thn. [14]
Chng 37 o c kinh cng cho rng V vi l hot ng ca o. [15]
Cc nh luyn an thi cho rng:
- V vi l nhp i nh. [16]
- t ti V vi l t ti i chu thin , giai on ti hu ca khoa luyn an, tc l nhp nh ha
thn . [17]
Tm li, ta c th ni rng theo o Lo th: ci hu vi l ci ngi; ln ci v vi l ln ci tri.
Chnh v th m xa cao tng Cu Ma La Thp (Kumarajiva, 340-413) dng hai ch V vi
dch ch Nit Bn . Nh vy t ti V vi tc l t ti ci bt sinh bt dit. [18]
Mt khc chng ta cng nn ghi nhn rng ch Nit bn cn c phin m ra ting Hn bng hai ch N
hon . [19]
14

o Pht cng dng ch N Hon phin m ch Nit Bn. Kinh Th Lng Nghim vit:
Phc thnh th tn v chng minh
Ng trc c th th tin nhp.
Nht nht chng sinh v thnh Pht
Chung bt th th N Hon.
Dch:
Ci xin Th Tn hy chng minh,

i c ng trc th vo trc.
Nh mt chng sinh cha thnh Pht
Trt chng v ni cnh Nit Bn. [20]
Nh vy ta c: Nit Bn = V vi = N Hon = No tht ba. Phng trnh ny lm ta lin tng n cu ni
sau y ca mt nh Tm l hc u chu: S khc bit gia kin thc v tn ngng chng qua l s khc
bit gia c no (trung no) v tn no (ngoi no). [21]
Vt ln trn th gii ph sinh, tng i i vo th gii ca chn nht, ca o th, l: X v vi chi
s .
Kho kinh Kim Cng, ta cng thy ni y nh vy. Pht ni: Phm ci g c hnh tng, thy u h
vng.[22] Li ni: Phi la tt c cc chp tng mi gi l ch Pht. [23]
Ngi Co thin s ng c cu La tt c cc vng chp mi l ch pht nn c lm hai bi tng rng:
Thn khu thanh tnh,
Th danh Pht xut th.
Thn khu bt tnh,
Th danh Pht dit .
Tc tm th Pht v d php.
M gi a tm ngoi cu.
Nht nim quch nhin qui bn t
Hon nh ty khc thng thuyn u.
Phng dch:
Thn khu thanh tnh,
15

 l Pht xut th.

Thn khu bt tnh,

l Pht nhp dit.

Tm kia l Pht ch nn qun,
M mi ngoi tm kim mi min
Nh y v ra l ti Pht,
D nh ra cng bc ln thuyn. [24]
Pht li dy: Tu B , B tt pht tm B phi xa la tt c cc chp tng. B tt khng nn sinh tm
tr chp ni sc trn, thanh trn, hng trn, v trn, xc trn v php trn [... ] Ni tm li, B tt ng sinh
vng tm tr chp mt ni no c. Nu B tt tm cn tr chp ni no, th khng phi tht an tr chn tm.
(Ib. 109).
Ta cng c th mn my vn th phng theo ca vnh David XV m gii cu X v vi chi s nh sau:
Ai ln ni Cha cao quang,
Dng bc n vng sang trng huyn linh.
L ai gi tm lng thanh,
Gi bn tay khi vn tanh mi phm.
Ai ln ni Cha cao quang,
Dng bc n vng sang trng huyn linh.
L ai sng gia ph sinh,
Chng h m qun c quan bn hn. [25]
Hnh v ngn chi gio
Nu trn gii V vi l hot ng ca thn, ca o, ca Tri, th by gi li phi gii V ngn l ting
ni ca o, ca Thn, ca Tri. Ting ni ca Thn, ca o tng l thm lng nhng chnh l sm vang
rung chuyn v tr.
Lo t o c kinh, chng 41 vit: i m hi thanh. (Ting to nh sm m dng v
thanh.) Lit t gii: V ngn l ch ngn, l ting ni cao siu nht chnh l v vy. [26]
Trang t cng vit trong Nam Hoa kinh: V vi chi chi v Thin, v vi ngn chi chi v c.
(V vi l vic ca Tri,
H l c c khng li lng thinh.)
16

V th cho nn nhng bc i tr thng mun v ngn. Lit t vit: c gi v ngn, tin tr gi dic v
ngn. , (Ngi c nh thi khng ni. Ngi i tr cng khng ni.)[27]
Khng t cng mun V ngn, v l thi ca Tri. Ngi ni: Tri c ni g u m bn ma vn vn
xoay, vn vt vn sinh ha. [28]
Pht ni:
Thy tng thnh o hu,
Chung ch Bt h.
th nh trung gian,
V thng thuyt nht t.
Dch:
T khi mi thnh o,

n lc nhp Nit Bn,

Trong khong thi gian ny,
Ta khng ni mt ch. [29]

Kinh Kim Cng cng vit: V thuyt, v vn, chn Bt Nh. . [30] Mi hay: Ting
ca ngi th hu thanh, hu ngn, ting ca Tri, ca o thi v thanh, v ngn.
3. Sng t nhin v vi, v ngn nh vy chnh l khun theo ng li ca tri t, v v tr vn vt u im
lm sinh hot, tuy sinh m khng cho mnh l c, tuy lm m khng t thi, tuy thnh cng m khng lu luyn
vi thnh qu thu lm c.
4. Thnh nhn cng phi v t, v dc, phi theo c gng ngi xa du c c thin h, lng cng
khng dnh bn.[31] C th mi trng cu cng tri t. [32]

[1] Bn ca Vng Bt in l Trng on tng gio . Cc bn sau ny i l Trng on tng

hnh cho hp vn vi cu Nan d tng thnh trn.
[2] on ny s c bn li ni chng 43 o c kinh.
[3] on ny c hai cch dch:
a. Coi ch vn vt l ch t (sujet) (Xem James Legge, The Texts of Taoism, tr. 96; Nghim Ton, o

c kinh, tr. 11)

17

b. Coi ch thnh nhn l ch t (sujet) ch vn vt l tc t (complment) (Xem Wieger, Les Pres du

Systme Taoste, tr. 19; Nguyn duy Cn, o c Kinh, tr. 46); Duyvendak li cho cu ny xung ni
chng 51 (Xem J. J. L. Duyvendak, Tao To King, tr. 7, tr. 121). Ti theo cch th nht, v l ng t
tc v sinh u l nhng ng t khng c b t trc tip (complment direct).
[4] Wieger phn cu nh sau: Cng thnh nhi pht c. Ph duy pht c, th d bt kh. Ti coi cu Cng
thnh nhi pht c thuc vo cui cu 3. James Legge cng lm nh vy.
[5] Dans le cycle, vie et mort schangent. Immortels, mortels, mortels immortels; notre vie est leur mort, et
notre mort est leur vie. (Abel Jannire, La Pense dHraclite dphse, Aubier, Editions Montaigne,
1959, p. 80)
[6] Cest la mme chose dtre, ce qui est vivant et ce qui est mort, veill ou endormi, jeune ou vieux, car par
le changement ceci est cela, et par changement cela est son tour ceci. (Ib. 80-81)
[7]... Grand cycle de la concentration et de la dconcentration de lIdentique. (Ib.)
Lun pntre dans la multiplicit et la multiplicit nest quune forme de lUnit, bien plus, elle est lUnit
mme... (Ib. 91.)
[8] Si lhistoire nous apprend quelque chose, cest bien que les normes, les valeurs et les principes varient
considrablement dge en ge, de socit en socit, et mme dune gnration lautre, dans la mme
socit. Des papes qui avaient t choisis pour leur savoir et leurs vertus taient convaincus que la morale
exigeait quils abattent les hrsies par le fer et par le feu, par la cruaut et la torture; les Europens du
XVIe sicle ne se faisaient aucun scrupule de tuer les Indiens, parce que les Indiens navait pas dme;
des puritains doctes et droits envoyaient sans broncher les sorcires la mort, et au XIXe sicle, dans le
Sud des Etats Unis les chrtiens considraient lesclavage comme une bndiction. Henry Steele
Commager, Lhistorien et lhistoire, Nouveaux Horizons 1967, p. 149.
[9] Nam Hoa Kinh, chng 2, C.
[10] Ch ngn kh ngn, ch vi v vi , (Xung H chn kinh, chng 2, J; Wieger, p. 94.)
[11] V vi nhi tn gi, thin o d , (Nam hoa kinh, chng II, F; Wieger, p. 292.)
[12] V vi vi chi chi v Thin, v vi gi, vn vt chi bn d , . Nam hoa
kinh, chng 12, B; Wieger, p. 294.)
[13] Ph h tnh, im m tch mch, v vi gi, vn vt chi bn d , , , ,
(Nam hoa kinh, chng 13, A; Wieger, p. 302.)
[14] V vi phc phc, th tnh, bo thn , (Nam hoa kinh, chng 12, K; Wieger, p.
18

302.)
[15] o thng v vi nhi v bt vi (o c kinh, chng 37, A.)
[16] i chu nhp nh (Thin tin chnh l trc lun, tr. 36a.) Hu vi gi tiu chu thin d; v vi
gi i chu thin d ; (Thin tin chnh l trc lun
, tr. 28a.)
[17] Ci tiu chu thin gi ha kh, i chu thin gi ha thn , (Ib. 35a.)
[18] V vi tc Nit bn, Phn ng c tc vit Ban nit bn. Dch vi tch dit, hoc bt sinh bt dit. La Thp
tu Trung Quc cu danh, dch tc V vi. [...] V vi gi ch t tnh thanh tnh chi tm, nguyn lai c tc, v
to tc tng. Pht kinh thng v tu v chng, tc ch th nhi ngn. Ch yu b sinh dit tm dit liu, th
tch dit tc hin tin. Ch tu hnh h th, tc thng vn phi php phi phi php, lng bin bt th. Tng
phn bit vng tng tr tn phng kh , . ,
. , . [...] , , .
, . , . , ,
. (Giang V Nng c s di trc, Kim cng kinh gii ngha, quyn 2, tr.
129.)
[19] Le terme Niwan (N hon) qui signifie littralement Pilule de Boue est en ralit une transcription du mot
sanscrit Nirvana. (Henry Maspero, Le Taosme, p. 94 (Xem thm p. 19, 20, 92, 117, 141, 143.)
[20] i c Thch Chn Gim dch, Th lng nghim, Linh sn Pht hc Nghin cu hi, tr. 243.
[21] Lopposition entre la connaissance et la foi so remne celle qui existe entre larchipallium et le
nopallium. -- Ernest Aeppli, Psychologie du Conscient et de lInconscient, Payot Paris, 1953, p. 19.
[22] Phm s hu tng giai th h vng (Kinh Kim cng, Thch Thin Hoa dch,
Hng o xut bn, 1967, tr. 101.
[23] Ib., tr. 102.
[24] Kinh Kim Cng, Thch Thin Hoa dch, Hng o xut bn, tr. 10.
[25] Nhc on L Bo Tnh, Cung thnh tng hp, 1963, tr. 70.
[26] Xung H chn kinh, chng 2, J.
[27] Nam hoa kinh, chng 12, B (Wieger, p. 294.)
[28] Xung H chn kinh, chng 4, E (Wieger, p. 120.)
[29] T vit: D dc v ngn. T Cng vit: T nh bt ngn, tc tiu t h thut yn? T vit: Thin h ngn
tai, t thi hnh yn, vn vt sinh yn, thin h ngn tai? : . : ,
19

 ? : , , , ? (Lun ng, XVII, 18)

[30] T vit: Nguy nguy h! Thun V chi hu thin h d, nhi bt d yn : !
, (Lun ng, VIII, 18)
[31] c thin h nhi bt d (Lun Ng)
[32] V s tng i ca cc cp mu thun, xin c thm: o c kinh 20, D-36; A-40, A-58, B. Nam hoa
kinh chng 2, C; 6, C.
CHNG 3
AN DN

Hn vn:
, . , . , . , ,
, , . . . , .
Phin m:
1. Bt thng hin, s dn bt tranh. Bt qu nan c chi ha, s dn bt vi o. Bt kin kh dc, s dn tm bt lon.
2. Th d thnh nhn chi tr, h k tm, thc k phc,[1] nhc k ch, cng k ct. Thng s dn v tri v dc. [2] S
ph tr gi bt cm vi d.
3. Vi v vi, tc v bt tr.
Dch xui:
1. Khng sng thng hin ti, khin cho dn khng tranh. Khng qu ca kh c, khin cho dn khng trm cp.
Khng ph trng nhng g kch thch lng ham mun, khin cho lng dn khng lon.
2. V vy php tr nc ca thnh nhn l lm cho dn: Trng lng; No d; Yu ch; Mnh xng. Thng khin cho dn
khng bit, khng ham. Khin cho k tr khng dm lm g c.
3. Lm theo php V vi, thi khng g l khng tr.
Dch th:
1. Khng sng thng hin ti trn th,
Cho dn gian b l tranh ua,
20

Khng tham vt qu kh mua,

Cho dn ht thit i v ca ngi.
Mi v p bn ngoi chng thit,
Cho lng dn cao khit trong veo.
2. Tr dn hin thnh mun iu,
t ham, t mun, n nhiu ung no.
Bao t tng lm cho yu ht,
Nhng tht xng st thp khang cng. [3]
T m, c tng vn vng,
Dn ta ta gi cho thng v lo,
Khin ngi xo quyt mu c,
Sng trong cnh y kh m ra tay.
3. Sng khinh khot my may chng bn,
Thi mun iu ngang chng ht ngay.
BNH GING
Chng ny l mt trong nhng chng ca o c kinh bn v cch tr dn theo Lo t. Vy trc khi bnh gii
chng ny chng ta nn bit i khi ch trng ca Lo t v Trang t v chnh tr.
Ch trng ca Lo t l mun cho dn tr li i sng thi thi c, v thi bui y dn chng sng thun phc hn nhin,
thun thin l, cha c cht g l nhn vi ngy to.
Thi thi c y i khi l thi Tam Hong - Phc Hi, Thn Nng, Chc Dung (khong 2800 trc k nguyn tr v
trc) - hoc l thi trc na: cng mc mc, cng th s cng tt.
Ta c th mn li Trang t ni trong thin Kh Khip , Nam Hoa kinh m m t thi thi c y nh sau:
Thi thng c l thi o c,
Thi i nh, Lt Lc, Chc Dung,
Hin Vin, L Sc, Thn Nng,

21

Hch T, Thi Ho, Hong, Trung, Dung Thnh. [4]

Thi bui y thanh bnh an lc,
V chng dn thun phc ung dung.
Tht thng bn li m dng,
n ngon, mc p, cha tng xn xang.
Thi bui y ln bang gip cnh,
Ting g ku ch cn u nghe,
Tuy khng cch tr sn kh,
M khng tip xc i v vi nhau.
Thi bui y u u cng tr,
Sng yn bnh n th th thi. [5]

Gn y Ernest Aeppli, mt nh tm l hc u chu m t trng thi ban s y ca nhn loi nh sau: Ngi ban s t
ng chp, sng hn nhin, thun theo thin l. V ng chp cn t oi, nn h sng hu nh ha mnh vi on th, v
chnh v th, trch nhim h cng c gim thiu n mc ti a. Lc y, i sng tri thc h rt th s, nhng sc mnh
v thc h li hot ng rt mnh. Ngi thi bui vn minh ngy nay thng c m trng thi y. H mun trt b
trch nhim v mun thot n suy t. H mun tr li tnh trng thin nhin, v h tng tng ra mt i sng tin cnh,
khi m con ngi cha n phi tri tri thc ng t. [6]
Lo t c m cho dn con sng li nhng ngy hong kim y. o c kinh chng 80, Lo t vit:
Nc ta b nh dn tha,
Vi mi ti gii, ta cha h dng.
Dy dn s cht lm lng,
Cho nn dn chng vy vng phiu lu.
Xe kia thuyn n u hiu,
No ai mun ci, mun cho m chi.
Binh kia gip n ,
Chng ai d di ngh khoe, ngh by.
Dy dn tr li tht dy,
22

Sng i thun phc thng ngy tiu dao.

Cho dn n ung thanh tao,
Cho dn n mc bnh bao, chng chng.
Cho dn i sng bnh an,
Cho dn phong tc du dng p ti.
Lin bang no cch my mi,
G ku, ch cn i ni r rng.
Tuy rng gn gi tc gang,
Sut i dn chng no mng ti ni.
Lo t cng nh Trang u cho rng ngi xa vn c thin chn, thin tnh ca mnh, v th nn sung sng hnh
phc.
Ngy nay cc nh cm quyn v by v qu nhiu lut php, l nghi, hnh thc, nn lm cho dn con mt thin chn
thin tnh, ri chy theo nhng vn minh, nhng kin thc kin vn gi to bn ngoi. Nhng ci khng em li
hnh phc, an bnh cho con ngi c; tri li chng chnh l mm lon lc chia ly.
Trang t ch trng i khi nh sau ni thin M :
Ka thin h ung dung t ti,
Sng n s vui vi mung chim.
Sng i mc mc t nhin,
Thung dung cng o mt nim st son.
V u mi mn nhn nhc,
V u nn tan tc phn ly?
By ra nhn ngha m chi?
cho thin h suy vi tn phin.
G khng nt, sao nn c chn,
Ngc khng tan, sao vn chng khu.

23

o tan c nt ch,
Mi by ra c nhng b ngha nhn.
Lon nm sc, mi vn mi v,
Ri thanh m, by v n ca.
Ai lm o c xc x,
Lp ra nhn ngha vn v hi i.
Lp nghi l, hnh hi tri buc,
Lp ngha nhn, by chc i an.
Lng ngi v th ly tan,
Khn ngoan cng lm, gian ngoan cng nhiu. [7]
Trong thin Bin Mu , Trang t li vit i khi rng:
Vy ng c suy b v s,
ng chia phi qun t tiu nhn.
cng nh mt thin chn,
D phn bit ho, cng ngn y thi.
em thin tnh lm ti nhn ngha,
Gii S, Tng ta k nh khng.
V n m tn tc lng,
Du nhi c gii, ch hng ta khen.
em nh nhc o in tnh kh,
S Khong kia, no qu chi u.
Tnh Tri l thuc nm mu,
Ly Chu ta cng trc sau coi hn.
Ta sau trc ch khen o c,
24

Phc tnh tri, chng phc ngha nhn.

Thng minh chng ti kin vn,
M do tm c ct cn ca mnh.
B cn ct tng minh u na,
o Chch [8] kia cng la B Di,[9]
u l m ui, sn si,
u l thin lch c g khc u.
Nn ta chng tm cu nhn ngha,
Chng m mng dm t, o in,
Ct sao gi vn cn nguyn,
Tnh tri ct gi tinh truyn trc sau... [10]

V th cho nn theo Lo t, lm chnh tr l phi c phc hi trng thi hn nhin nguyn thy y cho dn. Mun c vy
i khi s:
1. Khng sng thng hin ti, dn ht tranh dnh.
2. Khng tham vt qu kh mua, kh chuc, dn ht trm cp.
3. Khng ng ngng n nhng v p bn ngoi, cho dn khi lon.
4. Lo cho dn n ung no , sng mt i sng khe mnh. (Thc k phc, cng k ct.)
5. Khng em kin vn kin thc dy dn. (Thng x dn v tr.)
6. Khng kch thch th hiu ca dn, cho lng dn khng bn ham mun t dc, thanh thn hn nhin. (H k tm...,
thng s dn v tri v dc.)
7. Gi khng cho nhng ngi khn ngoan, tinh qui lng on tinh thn dn, i sng dn.
8. Nh vy, dn s sng hn nhin, hnh phc, th lm khng lm m vn lm c ht mi s, vn tr c ht mi s.
(Vi v vi tc v bt vi.)
Trong thin Kh Khip , Trang T cng theo ch trng ca Lo t, nhng trnh by ch trng y vi mt lun
iu quyt lit hn nhiu. ng vit i khi nh sau:
... Nn dt tnh, dt tnh vi tr,
25

Thi cp ngy s b li sinh.

Trm chu, m ngc tan tnh,
Ri ra trm cp lu manh ht lin.
Ph n tn, dn nn thun phc,
p u cn, dn gc ghen tung.
Ph tan thnh php, k cng,
Ri ra dn s rng ng ti lui.
Vt n so, bt tai S Khong,
Thi chng dn s sng tai ra.
Tung h mu sc vn hoa,
Cho m vn v, cho la Ly Chu. [11]
Hy hy hn giy, cu, khun, thc,
Tay Cng Thy [12] tm chc cht i.
S, Tng [13] ta hy khinh khi,
Bt mm Dng,[14] Mc,[15] bt i phin.
iu nhn ngha o in hy b,
B i ri, s r huyn ng.
Huyn ng l chnh thn thng,
Hp cng o c, thung dung vn ngh.
Ka Tng, S, Cng Thy, S Khong,
Hng Ly Chu hay hng Mc Dng.
u l nhn c ph trng,
Dc bu tinh ty, huynh hoang bn ngoi.
Chnh v vy gieo tai gieo ha,

26

Lon dn tnh, lon c nc non.

Tng l ch li ngn mun,
No ng in o, mi mn lng ai. [16]
Tm li, ch trng ca Lo t, chnh l khng can thip vo i sng dn, khng em kin vn, kin thc dy dn. Ti
sao?
a. V con ngi l mt ngh phm ti cao, khng c nho nn by b. o c kinh chng 29 vit:
Nhng mun nn mun nho thin h,
Suy cho cng chng kh c no.
Lng ngi ngh phm ti cao.
Ai cho ta nn ta nho t do?
Lng ngi ai nm gi hoi,
Gi tay nn bp bao i tiu ma... [17]
b. V thnh nhn ch gip cho vn vt sng t nhin theo thin chn, thin l m thi. o c kinh chng 64 vit:
Cho nn hin thnh trn i,
Ch say o c chi vi ngn trng.
Ca khan, vt him chng mong,
Ca i ngi t o bng m chi.
Hc l hc o siu vi,
Dy i lm lc hng i tuyt vi.
Gip ai thanh th ng tri,
Ch khng chc nc quy tri ung cng.
c. V em iu xo tr, em kin vn kin thc dy dn, l lm hi dn, lm cho h tr nn xa o, xa tri, tr nn bt tr,
ch khng lm li cho h. o c kinh chng 65 vit:
Nn nhng k am tng o c,
Chng em iu xo tr dy dn,

27

Mun dn cht phc n thun... [18]

c thin Bin Mu ca Trang t ta cng thy r ch trng mc cho dn sng theo t nhin ca o Lo. Trang t
vit i khi nh sau:
Chn nhn bit nh chn thng,
Thng nhin, ch chnh am tng vn vi.
Cng v vy nn ch ngy to,
Ght nhng iu nh tro, ln sng.
Chn lin ngn chnh, bu sng,
y u c phi ca chung con ngi.
Cng mt l, hn hi cn mng,
Vi nhng iu m phm ngha nhn.
Cng l l nhc, gian trn,
y u c thuc chn tm con ngi.
Ka S Khong v vi t trc,
N Ly, Chu ho hc xim y,
S, Tng by chuyn l nghi,
Mc, Dng bin bc thi th trm khoanh.
Th u phi nhn tnh cht phc,
Ton l iu bi bc bn ngoi.
Le le c ngn l tri,
Hc kia di c cng thi t nhin.
Di hay ngn bt thm u kh,
Ph t nhin ph v lng ai.
Keo sn, qui c bn ngoi,
Chng qua v vu nht thi ch chi...
28

Bnh chng ny, Duvendak cho rng v phng din chnh tr, o Lo phn vn ha.[19] Wieger cho rng Lo t mun
cho dn chng tr thnh nhng con vt sing nng cn c, d bo.[20] Nhng li ph bnh nh vy hi qu ng, v thc
ra Lo t mun iu hay cho dn, ch khng mun iu d cho dn; mun cho dn sng yn vui ch khng mun li dng
dn.
Tr v li sng hn nhin nguyn thy, Lo Trang khng cho l phc c, m l phc hi li sng thin nhin ca con
ngi.
Phc c theo Lo trang c ngha l em p dng nhng chnh sch, nhng l nghi, nhng php ca cc vua cha xa
vo i sng dn ngy nay. iu Lo cng nh Trang v nht l Trang khng h c sy. Trang th cho rng l nghi
php bin thin theo thi gian nn ngi nay khng th theo php ngi xa.[21]
Chng ta ch c th nhn xt rng t khi Lo t ch xng nhng quan im trn v chnh tr n nay, cha c mt triu
i vua cha no Trung Hoa dm em ra m p dng.

Chng nhng vua cha khng theo ni Lo t, m chnh ngay khi o Lo cc thnh vo u i Tam Quc vi nhng nh
lnh o ni ting nh Trng L , Trng Gic , Trng Bo , Trng Lng , Trng Tu ,
vi nhng vng t ln lao c t di tm nh hng nh vng Hn Trung, vi mt s gio dn ln lao, ta thy cc
nh lnh o tinh thn o Lo lc y cng hon ton i vo hu vi, hu tng vi mt gio hi c h thng t chc, c
nhiu loi cn b, c binh lc, c l nghi, c kinh k, c ba ch, c ng gp, hi h, v.v. [22]
Xem th bit, mun em nhn loi ra khi tro lu lch s thc l mt iu khng th lm c.

[1] Cu: H k tm, thc k phc nhiu ngi thng tch ra, hng v pha tu dng. Sch ng
du bt tin vit: Php sng lu chng c l g, lng phi trng m bng phi c. Chung Ly nguyn soi hi:
Xin ng ct ngha cho rnh. ng y ni: Trong lng ng lo vic g c, cho th thi nh khng, y l trng lng. Cn
ng theo vic sc dc, dng tinh thn, nguyn kh chng hao, gi l c bng. (tr. 27)
[2] Hoi Nam t (quyn 1, chng 11b) c mt on tng t: Th c ch nhn chi tr d ym k thng minh,

dit k vn chng, y o, ph tr, d dn ng xut vu cng chnh, c k s th, qu k s cu, kh k d m, tr k th

dc, tn k t l. , , , , , ,
, , , .
[3] Trc kia ti dch my cu ny theo xu hng tu dng nh sau:
Li ng hin thnh kh theo,
Rnh rang nim tc, cht chiu nim tri.
B ham mun thnh thi hn phch,
Lo ti bi ct cch thin lng.
29

Lu Nht Minh trong Chu Dch Xin Chn , chng Vn Vng Hu Thin Bt Qui
, cng gii nh vy.
[4] Thi Ho = Phc Hi . Hong = B Hong . Trung = Trung ng . i nh , Lt
Lc , Chc Dung , Hin Vin , Ly Sc , Thn Nng , Phc Hi , Hch T , B
Hong , Trung ng , Dung Thnh .
[5] Nam hoa kinh, chng 10, Kh khip , on C.

[6] Lhomme trs peu conscient de lui-mme qui ne se dirige pas dans la vie par ses propres initiatives conscientes, le
primitif, enfant de la nature, vit en harmonie inconsciente avec les archtypes. Son moi est cependant trs rduit, de telle
sorte que toute son individualit nest pas diffrencie de la collectivit. Sa responsabilit en est diminue pour autant.
Cest vers cet tat, alors que les forces du moi sont trs rduites alors que celles de linconscient sont trs importantes, que
tend souvant la nostalgie de lhomme civilis. Il voudrait se librer de ses responsabilits et-dit-il, ne plus tre oblig de
penser. Il voudrait retourner la nature et il imagine une existence paradisiaque dans laquelle il na pas mordu encore au
fruit amer de la connaissance. Ernest Aeppli, Psychologie du Conscient et de lInconscient, Payot Paris, 1953, p. 60.
[7] Xem Nam hoa kinh, chng IX, C, D.
[8] o Chch: Tn mt ngi n trm ni ting.
[9] Tn mt ngi hin cui i n. B Di v em l Thc T khng thn phc nh Chu, nhn i cho n cht ni
Th Dng.
[10] Nam hoa kinh, chng VIII, Bin mu , C, v D.
[11] Ly Chu : tn ngi th v ngh ra vn v, trang hong.
[12] Cng Thy : tn ca mt ngi gii v l nhc.
[13] S , Tng : S Thu v Tng Sm , tn hai ngi gii v l, nhc.
[14] Dng: Dng Chu , trit gia thi Xun thu.
[15] Mc: Mc ch , trit gia thi Xun thu.
[16] Nam hoa kinh, chng X, Kh khip, B.
[17] Xem thm Nam hoa kinh, chng XI, Ti hu, B.

30

[18] C chi thin vi o gi, phi d minh dn, tng d ngu chi .
[19] Dans son application politique, le Taosme est donc anti-culturel. Duvendak, Tao To King, Adrien Maisonneuse,
1953, p. 9.
[20] Faites des hommes, des btes de travail productives et dociles, veillez ce que, bien repus, ils ne pensent pas, ne
sachant rien, les hommes nauront pas denvies, ne coteront pas de surveillance, et rapporteront ltat. -- Lon
Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoste, Cathasia, 1950, p. 20, commentaires.
[21] Cf. Nam hoa kinh, chng XIV, Thin vn , D.
[22] Xem Henri Maspero, Le Taosme, Civilisation du Sud S. A. E. P. Paris, 1950, p. 149-184.

CHNG 4
V NGUYN

Hn vn:

. . , , ,
. . . .
Phin m:
1. o xung [1] nhi dng chi hoc [2] bt doanh. [3]
2. Uyn [4] h t vn vt chi tng. [5]
3. Ta [6] k nhu,[7] gii k phn,[8] ha k quang, ng k trn.
4. Trm h [9] t hoc tn. [10]
5. Ng bt tri thy chi t. Tng [11] chi tin. [12]
Dch xui:
1. o rng khng m dng khng ht.
2. o su xa man mc ta h nh l t tng vn vt.
3. Lm nht bn nhn, tho g ri rm, pha trn nh sng, ha mnh cng bi rm.
4. Trong tro thay, ta h trng tn.
5. Ta khng bit o con ai; hnh nh c trc Thin .
Dch th:
31

A. Dch cch th nht:

1. o khng h dng mun i khng cn,

2. Su ngn trng, sinh ngn vn chng sinh.
3. Du su sc, g cho ht mi manh,
Pha nh sng ha mnh cng trn cu.

4. Nhng trong tro, mun i khng nh du,

5. Ta chng hay, ngi sinh xut t u,

Trc Thin , (trc mun ngn hin tng).

B. Dch cch th hai:

1. o vi, dng mi khng vi,

2. Thm su, tng t mun loi th sinh.
3. Lm ty mi nhn (cho tnh),
G tung ri rm, (qun sinh ha hi).
Sng mnh pha sng mun loi,
Ha mnh cng vi trn ai mi l.
4. Th nhng trong (ngc) trng (ng),

Mun i vn chng cht l h hao.

5. Con ai ta bit u no,

Trc ngi Thin , t bao lu ri.

BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t li bn lun v o. o vt tm tri thc ca ta.
1. o huyn linh cao diu, tng nh l h khng, trng rng m dng chng bao gi
vi, chng bao gi ht.
2. o su man mc, sinh xut ra v tr qun sinh.
3. Chng nhng th, o li cn lun lng trong vn hu (immanence). Mun vy, o
du ht sc bn, b mi phin tp, ha nh sng cng vn hu, ng ha mnh vi s
thp hn ca vn hu.
4. Tuy nhin, o vn lun trong tro, vn vnh vin trng tn, t nhin t ti.
5. Khng th bit o sinh xut t u. C l o c trc Thng .
32

V vy m H Thng Cng t tn chng ny l V nguyn (Khng u ci).

Lo t lun lun t ra d dt khi bn lun v o. Chng ny ngi dng: hai
ch t (ta h); hai ch hoc ch nghi ng, khng quyt on); mt ch bt tri .
Nh vy Lo t t ra rt khim tn khng h dm quyt on g v o, m ton l phng
on.
Chng ny ch c ni: (1) o v bin t, v cng tn; (2) o l cn nguyn vn
hu; (3) o hng lng trong vn hu; (4) o c trc mi hin tng.
Trang t, ni chng i tng s, c mt on bnh v o cng na n chng ny
ca Lo t. i khi nh sau:

o thi hu tn, hu tnh,

V vi m li v hnh mi hay.
D truyn, kh bt l thay,
Gi thi gi c, trng ry hn khng.
T sinh, t bn v cng,
C t tri t cn khng c g.
Sinh tri, sinh t ra uy,
Qu thn u cng l ty s do.
Cao cao v tn khn d,

Cao hn Thi cc vn cho l thng.

Thm su, su my ngn mun,

Su hn v tr, m nhng khng hay.

Lu lai no k thng ngy,

Trc tri trc t, lu ny lu chi.

Sng t mun th vn y,
Ngn mun tui th g gi nua.

Hi Vi, Hong , Kin Ng,

Kham Phi, Chuyn Hc nh thn thng.
o tri soi sng ci lng,
Mi thnh thn thnh, sng cng tri my.
33

Lo Bnh, Ph Duyt nh tay,

Ngung Cng, Vng Mu may thay c ngi.

Mi nn thn thnh tuyt vi,
Ng cung Thiu Qung, chi ni Ngn H.
Bit bao th ln c t,
Hai vng nht nguyt khn qua o Tri.
Ka nh Bc u thnh thi,
Cng nh o c, mi ngi cu trng.

o Tri ngm thc v cng,

Bao nhiu quyn php thn thng nhim mu. [13]
A. Ni rng o v bin th, o l tng t vn hu th l mt chuyn d ni, o
gia no cng ni c nh vy. Hoi Nam t cng vit: Lc cn l ton th,
thi nh l thun phc, lc pht tn, thi y nh l c ngu; c ri dn dn li trong,
vi ri dn dn li y, lng l nh vc su, ph pht nh my ni; ta nh khng m vn
c, ta nh mt m vn cn, tt c vn vt, vn s u pht xut t mt ca o.[14]
B. Cn nh ni rng o lng trong vn hu, th ch nhng bc chn s mi dm ni.
Lo t xng ch trng ny ni chng ny. Trang t cng long trng ch
trng nh vy trong thin Tri Bc du, on F, khi ng i thoi vi ng Quch t.
Wieger dch rt thot phn kt on y nh sau: Xin ng hi o trong y hay

. o trong lng vn vt. V th ngi ta mi gi o l ln, l tuyt lun, l ton bch,

l ph qut, l vin mn. Tt c nhng t ng u p dng cho mt thc th duy nht

lBn th v tr.[15]
Lo t ch trng o c trc mi hin tng; ni chng 25, o c kinh, ta thy
vit:
C mt vt an nhin t hu,

Trc t tri vnh cu, t thnh.

Tch liu, vng ngt vng tanh,
Mt mnh mnh bit, mt mnh mnh hay.
Mun vn chng cht i thay,

y quanh khp, y chng chn.

34

Sinh mun vt m mun thin h,

Tnh danh ngi ta h bit sao,
Tn ngi phi gi th no,
Gi liu l o, gi o l To.
V qu to nn xa thm thm,

Thm thm xa m vn gn k,
o to, to ln mun b...
Cu Tng chi tin ny lm in u cc nh bnh gii chu u, v
i vi chu u Thng l tuyt i, l rt ro ri, th sao li c th ni c rng o
c trc Thng . Thc ra vn ny cng d bnh gii, nu chng ta nhn nh rng
cc nh huyn hc trong c Lo t, u chp nhn rng: Tuyt i c hai phng din:
V : Tuyt i cha hin dng; Hu : Tuyt i hin dng.
Tuyt i cha hin dng, Lo t gi l V hay l o . Tuyt i hin dng,
Lo t gi l Hu hay l . Nh vy ni rng o c trc Thng thc ra cng
khng sai quy g. Chu u thc ra cng c quan nim ny t lu i.
Xa Hsiode (th k 8 trc cng nguyn) c ln nhc ti. i vi Hsiode Hng
mng khng phi l h v tuyt i m l mt ci g v nh v bt kh t ngh c
trc tri t v thn minh. [16]
V li, t ng chu u cng c nhng ch: Godhead v God; Deit v Dieu. Cng
nh B la mn c ch: Brahma v Brahman.
Ramakrishna cng ni: Khi ta ngh n thc th ti cao di hnh thc thi
tnh (Nishkriya) ta gi Ngi l Thng siu vit tuyt i (Shuddha Brahman), cn khi ta
ngh n Ngi di hnh thc hot ng, to dng, gn gi hay hy hoi, ta gi Ngi l

Shakti hay Thng hu ng. [17]

Tm li, theo ti, phn tuyt i thnh V , Hu , hay Hu ng , V ng ,
ch l nhng phn bit ca gian trn. Sau trc cng ch c mt Tuyt i. l iu m
ti ch trng trong tp V cc lun .
[1] Xung : rng, trng khng. Hoi Nam t (tr. 11b) c cu: Xung nhi t
doanh .
35

[2] Hoc : Duyvendak gii: rng nhng t t li y, i thnh ch cu .

[3] Doanh : y, khng ht. (Cao Hanh gii)
[4] Uyn : 1. vc; 2. su.
[5] Tng : tng t; gc.
[6] Ta : b.
[7] Nhu : nhn.
[8] Phn : ri rt, ri rm.
[9] Trm : 1. su; 2. trong.
[10] Hoc tn : Duyvendak sa l cu tn (bn vng, lu di).
[11] Tng : hnh nh (Cf. Legge).
[12] : Vng Bt gii l Thin . Legge, Wieger u gii l Thng

.
[13] Cf. Trang T Nam hoa kinh , chng 6, i tng s , D.
[14] Cf. Hoi Nam t , tr. 11b. T b b yu : K ton d thun h
nhc phc, k tn d hn h nhc trc. Trc nhi t thanh, sung nhi t doanh, m h
k nhc thm uyn, tn h k nhc ph vn. Nhc v nh hu, nhc vong nhi tn.
Vn vt chi tng giai duyt nht khng, bch s chi cn giai xut nht mn.
, . , , ,
. , . , .
[15] Ne demandez pas si le Principe est dans ceci ou dans cela. Il est dans tous les
tres. Cest pour cela quon lui donne les pithtes de Grand, de suprme, dentier,
duniversel, de total. Tous ces termes diffrents, sappliquent une seule et mme
ralit, lunit cosmique. Cf. Wieger, Les pres du systme Taoste, Tchouang Tzeu,
chap. 22, F, p. 395.
Cu Ta k nhu, gii k phn, ha k quang, ng k trn s cn c thy ni
chng 56, v Duyvendak em on ny xung ni chng 56, theo li M T Lun v
Trn T. Nhng lm nh vy, mc nhin b i mt mt nhn xt ti quan trng v
o, l nhn xt: o chng xa la vn hu.
[16] Le mythe la fois thogonique et cosmogonique t repris, on le sait, par Hsiode.
Le Chaos, rptons-le, nest pas exactement le nant absolu, cest quelque chose
36

dindtermin et dindfinissable qui prcde ltre au monde et des dieux. -- Claude

Tresmontant, P. E. D. p. 76.
[17] Quand on pense ltre suprme sous son aspect inactif (nishkriya), on le nomme
Dieu absolu (Shuddha-Brahman) et quand on le reprsente sous son aspect actif et
crant, soutenant et dtruisant, on le nomme Shakti ou divinit personnelle. -LEnseignement de Ramakrishna, p. 475.

CHNG 7
THAO QUANG [1]

Hn vn:

. , , .
, . ? .
Phin m:
1. Thin trng, a cu. Thin a s d nng trng th cu gi, d k bt t sinh, c
nng trng sinh.
2. Th d thnh nhn, hu k thn nhi thn tin, ngoi k thn nhi thn tn.
3. Phi d k v t da? C nng thnh k t.
Dch xui:
Tri di, t lu. Tri t s d di lu chnh v khng sng cho mnh, v th nn trng
sinh.
V vy thnh nhn thn ra sau m thn trc; thn ra ngoi m thn cn.
Phi chng v khng ring ty, nn vn thnh c ci ring ty?
Dch th:
Tri t bn, khng v mnh sng,
R tm thn, hin thnh vinh danh.
37

Khinh thn, chng x chi mnh,

V t nn mi hon thnh ring t.

BNH GING
Chng ny dy ta hai bi hc trng i:
1. Bt chc t tri m hnh s.
2. Sng mt cuc i v ng, v k, ch cng, v t.
1. Lo t ch trng: Thnh nhn phi bit noi gng tri t m hnh s. Ch trng
ny cng chnh l ch trng ca kinh Dch.
Dch kinh vit: Thin thy tng, hin ct hung, thnh nhn tng chi.
(Tri sinh hin tng, cho bit hay d, thnh nhn trng m bt
chc.) [2]
Nu chng ta nhn vo thin nhin, vo v tr m tm ra nhng bi hc lun l tim
n trong mi hin tng, th tri t i vi ta s tr thnh mt cun sch v i.
2. Lo t cng dy cho ta bi hc v ng, v k. Lo t cho rng tri t trng cu
chnh l v khng c lng t tm, t k, hng lng trong vn vt chng h la xa,[3] sinh
dng vn vt chng h b st vt no.[4]
Cng mt l nu thnh nhn, ch lo li lc ring t ca mnh, th ch mua on chuc
su, m chng thnh tu c cng trnh chi to tt.
Mun trng cu, cn phi bit qun mnh. Qun mnh tc l r b ht tiu k, tiu
ng, ha mnh vi i ng:
Tng Long Uyn cho rng: Thnh nhn coi o c l gc, coi o thn l ngn, khng
cu vinh hin cho mnh.[5]
Trang t vit: Ch nhn v k .[6]
Li vit: Ch c th tn tng bc ch nhn rng: Ngi hp nht vi i ng, v
khng cn ci mnh nh nhoi na.[7]
khng cn ci mnh nh nhoi, tc l th hin c i ng. Th hin c i
ng tc l nhp Nit bn, theo t ng Pht gio.[8]
Thnh nhn v khng cn lng t k, nn ly lng ngi lm lng mnh, khng cn
38

tranh chp. Chnh v th m tn ti cng vi thi gian, chnh v th m nhng ci g ring

t ca mnh cng chng mt.
Lu T , tc gi quyn Bch thoi dch gii Lo t k mt truyn rt d dm sau
y gii thch cu Phi d k v t da, c nng thnh k t ?
: Cng Nghi Hu lm tng nc L, tnh rt thch c. C nc dng c. Cng Nghi
khng nhn. t trch: Thy thch c, m khng nhn c, v sao? - Cng Nghi ni:
Chnh v thch c, m khng nhn c. Nu nhn c s mt chc tng quc, du thch
c, cng khng th cung cp c cho mnh. Khng nhn c, thi cn chc tng quc, v
th nn vn c c n lu di... [9]
o c kinh, chng 66, cng vit:
Sng bin kia c sao m trng,

Nc mun khe thao tng v u?

Bin sng v thp v su,
Cho nn mi c ng u mun khe.
Mun cao c, ngi che nhn th,
Phi h mnh, nh nh khim cung.
Cm u phi n sau lng,
Mnh sau, ngi trc ch ng kiu cng.
Cho nn nhng nhn qun thnh ,

trn dn, dn nh nh khng.

Trc dn, dn vn nc lng,

(Ngi tung k hng, nh rng gp my).

D vn chng toan bi tranh chp,
Th cho nn chng gp u tranh.

39

[1] Thao quang : che giu bt nh sng.

[2] H t thng, chng 11.
[3] Th vn vt nhi bt kh di . o c kinh ging ngha
, tr. 10b.
[4] Sinh vn vt nhi bt qu . ib. 10b.
[5] D o c vi bn, d o [huyn] thn vi mt, bt cu vinh hin nht thn
, , (o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 10)
[6] Nam hoa kinh, I, T vt lun, C.
[7] Lun tng hnh khu, hp h i ng. i ng nhi v k. , .
. Cf. Wieger, Les pres du systme Taoste, Tchoang Tzeu, chap. 11, E. p.
291-293.
[8] Hu i ng c, danh i Nit bn. Nit bn kinh.
[9] Lu T, Bch thoi dch gii Lo t, tr. 16.

CHNG 8
D TNH [1]

Hn vn:

. , , . ,
, , , , , . , .
Phin m:
Thng thin nhc thy.
Thy thin li vn vt nhi bt tranh, x chng nhn chi s , c c [2] o.
C thin [3] a, tm thin uyn, d [4] thin nhn, ngn thin tn, chnh thin tr, s
thin nng, ng thin thi.
Ph duy bt tranh, c v vu. [5]
40

Dch xui:
Bc trn lnh ging nh nc.
Nc kho lm ch cho mun loi m khng tranh ginh, ch mi ngi u ght, cho
nn gn o.
th la ni chn; tm hn thi thm trm su sc; giao tip vi ngi mt mc nhn
i; ni nng thnh tn; lm chnh thi tr bnh; lm vic thi c kh nng; hot ng c x
hp thi.
Chnh v khng tranh, nn khng ai ch trch on thn.
Dch th:

1. Ngi trn ho ging in ln nc,

2. Nui mun loi chng cht cnh tranh.

ni nhn th r khinh,
Nn cng o c mc tnh thnh thi.
3. Ngi trn ho, chn ni n ,
Lng trong veo, c gi c nhn.
Nhng l thnh tn ni nng,
Ra ti bnh tr chng dn trong ngoi.
Mi cng vic an bi kho lo,
Li hnh vi mm do hp thi.
4. V khng tranh chp vi ai,
Mt i thanh thn, ai ngi trch ta.
BNH GING
C nhiu cch bnh ging chng ny:
a. Vng Bt, H Thng cng, Tng Long Uyn ton cp cc c tnh ca nc.
b. James Legge v Duyvendak cho rng chng ny ni v s trn ho.

41

c. C nhiu tc gi khc nh Nghim Ton, Nguyn Duy Cn p dng chng ny vo

bc trn ho, vo thnh nhn. Ti cng ch trng nh vy.
chng ny, Lo t khuyn cc bc thnh nhn phi bt chc nc. Nc bao gi
cng chy ch trng, ch thp, lm n ch cho mun loi mun vt.
Bc thnh nhn cng phi nh vy: phi sng cuc i khim cung, t tn, qun mnh
v ngi, khng t cao t i c nh th mi gn o gn Tri. [6]
Ngoi ra thnh nhn phi:
(1) Chn ni n chn , v ch n nh hng rt nhiu n ton th con ngi. (2)
Phi sng thm trm, khng ph phim, xc ni.
Tham ng Kh ca Ngy B Dng c cu: Chn nhn tim thm
uyn, ph du th qui trung. , v gii rng l lun gi c
Nguyn thn N hon.[7]
3. Giao tip vi ngi bng mt lng nhn i.
4. Ni li thnh tn.
5. Nu cm quyn chnh, s em bnh tr li cho thin h.
6. Khi lm cng vic, t ra c kh nng.
7. Hot ng uyn chuyn theo thi. Chng nhng th thnh nhn s khng tranh chp
vi ai.
Ct Trng Canh tot lc chng ny nh sau: Nc b ch cao, m chy xung
ch thp ngy m, nc lm vic chng ngng. Trn tri, nc lm ma, lm sng.
Di t, nc sinh sng, sinh lch. u u nc cng thm nhun, tm gi. Nc lm
ch cho mi loi. Nc lun tun phc, khng khng c. p ngn thi nc ngng;
m ca cng cho thot thi nc chy. Nc cng i hnh th vung trn ty theo bnh
cha. Con ngi thng c khuynh hng khc hn. Con ngi lun a li lc, lun lun
v k. V th con ngi phi bt chc lm nc. K no h mnh phc v ngi, s
c mi ngi thng mn, v khng b ai chng i. [8]

[1] D tnh : sng gin d, theo tnh t nhin.

[2] C : gn.
42

[3] Thin : (a) a thch, chu. (b) nn, tt,... mi tt. (V d: Tm phi su xa mi tt. Li
ni phi tn thnh mi tt.)
Duyvendak theo James Legge, dch cu ny nh sau:
On considre:
- bon pour la demeure, le lieu (favorable)
- bonne pour le cur, la profondeur,
- bonne pour les rapports sociaux, lhumanit
- bonne pour la parole, la bonne foi
- bon pour le gouvernement, lordre
- bonne pour le service, la capacit
- bon pour laction, de saisir le moment favorable
Duyvendak, Tao Te King, p. 19.
[4] D : s giao tip.
[5] Vu : li lm on trch.
[6] Thnh nhn d khim thoi t x, d ti h t an, ninh khc k d ton nhn, bt hiu cao
nhi t i. , , , . Tng
Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 11.
[7] Chn nhn tim thm uyn, ph du th qui trung... Ty chn tc chi vng lai, nhim
chn tc chi thng ging, t triu ch m, nguyn thn thng th n hon
, ... , , ,
... Phc mnh thin vn: Hi hng ng gia vin l, ti bi nht mu thin
in. : , . Thin in l thin tm
, thin cc , n hon ) Chu dch tham ng kh pht huy
,quyn trung, tr. 18b.
[8] Xem Lon Wieger, Les Pres du Sytme Taoste, p. 25.

CHNG 9
VN DI [1]

Hn vn:
43

 , . , . , .
, . , , .
Phin m:
1. Tr [2] nhi doanh [3] chi bt nh k d.[4]
2. Sy [5] nhi nhu [6] chi bt kh trng bo.
3. Kim ngc mn ng, mc chi nng th.
4. Ph qu nhi kiu, t di [7] k cu.[8]
5. Cng thnh, danh toi, thn thoi,[9] thin chi o.
Dch xui:
1. Gi m lm cho y mi, khng bng dng li.
2. Mi cho nhn, cho sc khng gi c lu.
3. Vng ngc y nh, chng th gi c.
4. Giu sang m kiu cng, s t vi tai ha.
5. Thnh cng, thnh danh ri thi nn lui thn, y l o Tri.
Dch th:
1. Bnh nc y gi sao khi ,

chi y qu c cha chan?

2. Ra cng mi nhn dao oan,
Gi sao cho c vn ton trc sau?

3. y vng ngc nh no bn b,
4. Qu giu sang chc s kiu sa,

Suy vong do sinh ra,

5. Nn gi vinh hin l gi thoi lui.
Cng thnh thn thoi l Tri.
BNH GING
Chng ny bn v s thng trm ca cuc i.
Lon Wieger bnh chng ny nh sau: Mt bnh nc y, hi ng ti s trn, hoc
s hao dn v bc hi. Mt li nhn qu nhn, s b kh tri lm gim sc bn. Mt kho
44

tng trc sau s b cp bc, b tch thu. Mt tri ln n nh s x; trng m trn thi
s khuyt. Mt bnh xe quay ti im cao nht s ln xung. Ai m hiu nh lut ph
qut v bt bin ny ca tri t l ht doanh s n h, khi thy cng danh ca mnh
ln ti cc im ri, th phi liu b rt lui. Lm vy khng phi v s nhc sau ny, m
chnh l bo thn, theo ng ng li ca s mnh. Mt nh bnh gii cho rng:
khi gi im, thnh nhn s tho ci, s lng, sng ngoi vng cng ta. Nh kinh
Dch ni, lc y thnh nhn khng cn phc v vua cha na, v tm tr ngi trn
mt bnh din cao hn. [10] Nhiu o gia xa nay theo ng li ny v qui n lc
ang thi thnh mn. [11]
Con ngi cn phi bit nh lut doanh h, tiu trng ca tri t, mi bo tn c
tm thn. chnh cng l ch trng ca Dch, v ca Khng gio.
Kinh Dch ni Thon truyn qu Phong vit:
Vng dng cao s x ngang,

Trng trn ri s chuyn sang hao gy.

t tri lc rng, lc y,
Thng trm, tng gim i thay theo thi.
t tri cn th na ngi,
Qu thn u cng mt bi thnh suy. [12]
Trong quyn Khng t thnh tch c k: Trong miu th L Hon cng c treo mt
bnh gi l y kh. khng th nghing; nc vo lng chng thi ngay ngn, nc
y n ming th lp p xp li. Vua cha treo t rn. c Khng bo mn
nc th nghim, thy ng nh vy. Ngi dy cc mn rng: Mun tr mn (gi s
sung mn) phi ht sc khim cung.[13]
Thon truyn qu Khim cng vit:
Tri lm vi chn di do,
M thm vo nhng ch no khim cung.

t soi mn bt cao phong,

M cho lng bin, lng sng thm dy.
Qu thn hi k no y,

M em phc li cho ngi khim cung.

45

Ngi thng ght k tha dng,

Cn ngi khim tn tht lng thi a.
Trn khim thi sng mi ra,

Di khim ai k hn ta c no?
Khim cung gi vn trc sau,
Ri ra qun t gt u hanh thng. [14]
Rt lui ng lc ng thi, kinh Dch gi th l:
- Hiu n (rt lui m vui thch);[15]
- Gia n (rt lui mt cch p );[16]
- Ph n (rt lui m lng khoan khoi).[17]
Ta c th tm tt t tng ca Lo, ca kinh Dch v s cn phi rt lui khi thnh
cng nh sau:
- Bn rn m chi lc rt lui,

T tnh, qun t r xong ri,

Thnh thang nh gt ng bn tu,
Tiu nhn tnh ly, kh m xui.
(phng tc ho cu t qu n)
- Rt lui p mi l lui,
Phi thi, mi chuyn s m xui,
Mnh mnh, mnh lui ngi mi phc,
Lui cho l tng khi pha phi.
(phng tc ho cu ng qu n)
- Rt lui hn h mi l hay,
V vi in vin, vi c cy,
B chuyn cng danh vui o l,
Cng thnh thn thoi l xa nay.
(phng tc ho thng cu qu n) [18]
[1] Vn di : c th l b hi v vn mnh.
46

[2] Tr : cm.
[3] Doanh : y.
[4] D : thi.
[5] Sy : mi nhn.
[6] Nhu : lm cho sc bn.
[7] Di : li.
[8] Cu : li.
[9] Cng thnh, doanh toi, thn thoi: C nhiu sch ch chp c cng toi, thn thoi.
[10] Xem qu C , ho thng cu: Bt s vng hu, cao thng k s.
.
[11] Xem Wieger, Les Pres du Sytme Taoste, tr. 25 - 26.
[12] Xem Dch kinh, qu Phong , Thon truyn: Nht trung tc trc, nguyt doanh tc
thc; thin a doanh h, d thi tiu tc, nhi hung nhn h? Hung qu thn
h? ; ? Xem
Nguyn Vn Th, Chn dung Khng T, tr. 209.
[13] Xem Khng t thnh tch , tr. 62 - 63. -- Xem Nguyn Vn Th, Chn dung Khng
t, tr. 210.
[14] Xem kinh Dch, qu Khim , Thon truyn: Thin o khuy doanh nhi ch khim, a
o bin doanh nhi lu khim, qu thn hi doanh nhi phc khim, nhn o doanh
nhi ho khim. Khim tn nhi quang, ti nhi bt kh du: Qun t chi chung d.
, , , .
, : . Xem Chn dung Khng t, tr. 210-211.
[15] Xem Kinh Dch qu n , ho cu t: Hiu n, qun t ct, tiu nhn ph.
.
[16] Xem Kinh Dch qu n , ho cu ng: Gia n, trinh ct. .
[17] Xem Kinh Dch, qu n , ho thng cu: Ph n, v bt li. .
[18] Xem Kinh Dch, dch th v bnh ging ca Nguyn Vn Th, ni qu n .

CHNG 10
NNG VI
47


Hn vn:

? , ? ,
? , ? , ? ,
? , , , , .
Phin m:
1. Ti doanh phch[1] bo nht[2] nng v ly h?
2. Chuyn kh tr nhu,[3] nng anh nhi[4] h?
3. Dch [5] tr [6] huyn lm,[7] nng v t h? [8]
4. i dn tr quc nng v vi h? [9]
5. Thin mn khai hp, nng v th h? [10]
6. Minh bch t t nng v tri h? [11]
7. Sinh nhi sc chi, sinh nhi bt hu, vi nhi bt th, trng chi bt t, th v huyn
c.[12]
Dch xui:
Nng vi (Lm c khng?)
1. C th em hn phch m p ly o, khng la xa chng?
2. C th gi cho nguyn kh khng tn lon, gi vn thin chn, hon ton theo c
o Tri, (nh lut tri t) nh anh nhi chng?
3. C th ty tr c (trn cu), gi c cho gng lng trong sng khng t vt
chng?
4. C th yu dn tr nc, m vn v vi chng?
5. C tri m ng, c th thun ng nh con mi chng?
6. C th sng sut m nh ngi v tri chng?
7. Sinh dng vn vt; sng m vn nh khng c; lm m khng cy cng; khin cho
ln m khng i lm ch, th l c su xa vy.
Dch th:

1. Lm sao em ht xc hn,
Ha mnh vi o chng cn la xa.
48

2. Lm sao gi vn tinh hoa,

Sng i thanh thn, nh l Anh Nhi!
3. Lm sao r sch h t,

Gng lng vng vc, quang huy vn tuyn!

4. Thng dn tr nc cho yn,
V vi m vn m m mi l!
5. Ca tri m ng li qua,
Thun theo, chng dm phi pha mnh tri!
6. Mun iu thng sut khc nhi,

sao vn ta nh ngi v tri!

7. (Nhng ngi c hnh huyn vi,)

Dng sinh mun vt chng h tng cng,

Sng i vn ta nh khng,
Cn c lao tc, chng mong p n.

Gip dn, nhng chng tranh quyn,

y l c hnh nhim huyn, siu vi.
BNH GING
Chng ny, theo James Legge, l mt chng ti ngha nht ca sch. V th ta thy
cc nh bnh gii chng ny theo nhiu trnh cao thp khc nhau.
Trc khi i vo chi tit, ta hy tm tt i ca chng. Chng ny ni ln nhng
nguyn vng chnh yu ca Lo t.
1. Lm sao sng kt hp vi tri, vi o (ba cu u).
2. Lm sao thng dn, tr dn m khng lm nhng lon dn (cu 4).
3. Lm sao sng thun mnh tri (cu 5).
4. Lm sao thng minh du tr, m khng ph trng (cu 6).
5. Lm sao lm n ch cho mun loi, m khng t th (cu 7).
1. Lm sao sng kt hp vi Tri, vi o
a. Ti doanh phch, bo nht:

49

- Lo t cho rng mun sng kt hp vi Tri vi o, thi phi dng ht hn, xc

mnh, ht kh nng mnh.
o Lo gi th l:
- Th Trung , Bo Nht
- Bo Nguyn , Th Nht
- Kin t , Bo phc
- c Nht , c o
Thng phm n php cng c cp n bo nguyn, th nht v
gii Nguyn l Nguyn thy t kh; Nht l Bn lai nguyn tnh.
Lo t cp n:
- Th trung chng 5.
- Bo nht chng ny.
- V c nht chng 39.
H Thng Cng cho rng nu con ngi m p c Tri, c Nht, khin khng la
xa thn mnh, s c trng tn; v sau ng cng cp n chng ni v c
Nht ca Lo t. Sng kt hp vi Tri, vi o l l tng ca mi o gio.
Lo t ni: Ti doanh phch bo nht nng v ly h. th Cha Jesus cng ni:
Ngi phi mn Cha, l Cha Tri ngi, ht lng, ht linh hn, ht sc, ht tr ngi.
(Luc, 10-26).
Theo t ng ca huyn hc, th Bo Nht, c Nht, chnh l tm ra c Trung im
tm hn, y thm tng su tm hn, ni pht xut tung ta ra mi quan nng. tc l
tm ra c v cng lng trong vn hu, vnh cu lng trong tm b, bin thin. [13]
Trong quyn Yoga v Thin hc ca Nguyn Duy Hinh, ni trang 55, ta thy mt on
rt l th nh sau:

Ngi tu c Mt mi l linh,
Mt y gng tm gia mnh.
Lng l tch ngi, gom t t,
Im lm ngng ng, hip tam tinh.

em thn v ci, tm v ng,

50

Dn kh qui nguyn, kh phi bnh.

Nht khiu huyn linh, thng vn php.
Thin kinh, vn quyn nht thi minh.
Mt l g? Tc l Chn Nh, Chn thn, Chn nhn, Chn tm, l o, Nit Bn, l
Chn l v. v...
Mt y, bn khi tm u xa. Hy tm ngay trong ci Tm thanh tnh, sng sut ca
mnh. T t l t i, tc l tt c cc gic quan gom v mt mi.
Khi tinh, kh, thn hip lm mt, tt nhin ci tm pht sinh diu dng, sng sut t
tng, soi thu mi s vt.
Bi trong ci tm thanh tnh v sng sut y gom cha v thng sut tt c, cho nn
ni l Thin kinh vn quyn nht thi minh. Tt c cc kinh sch u do mt ci chn
tm m c, tuy by ra mun ngn li l, gng tch, nhng cng ng mt chn l.
Tam Mao Chn Qun c th:
Linh i trm trm t bng h

Ch ha nguyn thn l din c

Nhc hng th trung lu nht vt

Khi nng chng o hp h v. [14]

Tm dch:
Tm linh man mc ta bng h,

Ni y Nguyn thn c nht c,

Nu vt chi vng vn ,
Lm sao chng o, hp H v.
Khu quyt Ti doanh phch bo nht cng gip chng ta hiu cc khu quyt tng
t khc nh:
- Ton thc ng hnh

51

- Tam hoa qui nh

- Ng kh triu nguyn
- T t qui gia
- Tnh , tnh , hn , phch , , qui trung , v. v... ca o Lo.
b. Chuyn kh tr nhu, nng anh nhi h.
Chuyn kh tr nhu tc l gi sao cho vn thin chn, thin tnh, khng cho n hao
tn, v cho n c ti ch nhu ha tt mc. (Lu T)
H Thng Cng cng cho rng chuyn kh l gi cho tinh kh khng tn lon.
Tng Long Uyn cho rng chuyn kh ch nhu l trng thi v t, v l, v tri, v dc,
khi mi vng nim tiu tan. [15]
Anh nhi thng c hiu l anh hi, l tr s sinh.
Nhng kt qu ca cng phu tu luyn khng phi l tr v trng thi tr s sinh, m
chnh l tr thnh thn minh.
V tu tin o c l phi i ht con ng nhn o, ri mi ln ti tin o,[16] mi c
th thng linh t bin,[17] tm tnh, kh nh, sng mt cuc i tiu si, hn nhin.

Thng phm an php cho rng: Anh nhi tc l Thin chn ngng kt, ch khng cn
phi l phm tinh, phm kh, phm thn, n hin ty tm, c th xuyn qua vng, qua st,
m khng h li vt tch g.[18]
Th tc l Tin thin chn th hin l,[19] phm tm sch, chn tnh
c pht huy.[20]
Lc y con ngi s sng hon ton t nhin, t ti, sng khoi, thn tin. Th gi l
sng ch thnh bt chc t nhin. [21]
Nhp dc knh ca Thi Hi Phm c th rng:
i o h v php t nhin

T nhin chi ngoi cnh v huyn

Tr nhu, chuyn kh, anh nhi dng

52

C tc cu san, khn tc min. [22]

Tm dch:

H v, o phng t nhin,
Ngoi ra, no c php huyn no u?
Sng i thanh thn, tiu dao,

i n mt ng, khc no anh nhi.

c. ch tr huyn lm, nng v t h.
Tng Long Uyn cho rng huyn lm l kin thc, kin vn.
Khi cha c o th tm dng n, nh l thuyn b qua sng. Khi c o, thi
phi r b kin thc gian trn cho tm hn c thnh thi, y nh khi ht bnh thi thi
dng thuc.[23]
H Thng Cng cho rng huyn lm l nhn thu u huyn v gii rng khi ty
ra cho tm hn tr nn thanh khit, th tm hn s thu sut vn s, vn duyn, s nhn
thu u huyn.[24]
Trng Mc li cho rng gt ra tr b nhng bi bm xu d bm vo tm gng siu
hnh huyn lm khin cho n tr nn trong sut sng ngi khng cht bn nh, vn
c.[25]
Nu ta chp nhn ch trng ca Trng Mc, th cu ny cng ging nh cu k ca
Thn T:
Thn th b th

Tm nh minh knh i

Thi thi cn pht thc

Mc s nh trn ai

Thn nh cy b ,
53

Tm nh i gng t,
Thng khi lo phi chi,
ng ng bi nh.
Nhiu nh bnh gii cho rng chng ny dy v php v sinh, ct sao cho linh, nhc
iu ha. [26]
Thit tng gii nh vy, mc nhin h Lo t xung mt trnh rt thp.
Ring ti, ti cho rng chng ny cho ta nhng tn ch, nhng phng php t
ti Thi cc, ti Tuyt i, thc hin c Thin chn, Thin th.
Mun vy phi gi cho tm thn c nguyn tuyn, thanh sng, thn thanh, tr nh,
tm bnh, kh ha, phi ht lng ht sc ao c kt hp vi Thin l, Thin chn... [27]
2. Lm sao tr dn tr nc m vn v vi
Lo t ch trng khng dng li hu vi, hu dc m lng on i sng t nhin ca
dn. Thng dn chnh l cho dn thun sinh, thun ha.
Cai tr bng li v vi, thng dn m dn khng bit, tr dn m dn khng hay, nh vy
mi cao siu.
3. Lm sao sng thun mnh Tri
Mun sng thun mnh tri, phi bit theo ng li nhu thun, khng bao gi c
gng qui s bin ha ca tri t. l theo ng li m nhu, thun ng, m Dch
cp trong qu Khn.
Mun vy phi sng theo thin thi, a li, nhn ha v nht l phi bit sng thun
theo tui tc mnh.
Khi cn tr, phi thun theo l tri m hng ngoi gp phn xy dng gia nh,
quc gia, x hi.
Khi ng tui, phi bit hng ni, tu tm, tu tnh, mong c ngy qui nguyn, phn
bn.
Gm o l c sau, c trc,
L m dng c ngc, c xui.

Ngc l gi cun bi i,
y a vo chn trn ai, ct lm.
C th thch mi phn vng ,
54

C lm than mi r chuyn i.
Khi xui, sm chp ti bi,
Tng su by gii cn tri ni tm.
Trng t c ch nhn, ch chnh,
Bit mc phiu s nh, s an,
Ri ra suy xt ngun cn,

Con ng phi mnh chu ton tc t. [28]

S thun tho cao siu nht l sng hon ton thun theo Thin chn, Thin l tim n
trong lng mnh.
Cc nh huyn hc u cho rng nhu thun, t nhin l iu kin tip xc vi Chn
ng.
Ha s Raphael bo ha s Lonard de Vinci: Ti nhn thy rng khi v, mnh khng
c ngh g; lc s v p hn.
Tiu ng nh vy cn phi nhn nh c s thiu st, bt ton ca mnh, v cn phi
thun theo thin chn, thin tnh, hot ng trong tng su tm hn mnh.[29]
Th l thun phc thn thnh ha mnh.[30]
4. Lm sao thng minh, du tr m khng ph trng
o vn quang minh, nn t o s tr nn thng minh, du tr.
Trung Dung vit:
Vn hon thin, quang hoa mi l,

y tnh tri mun v tinh anh,

Quang minh ri mi tinh thnh,

y nh gio ha, tp thnh m nn.

hon thin, tt nhin thng tu,
Thng tu ri t s tinh thnh. [31]
Th nhng, cn phi bit che du bt s thng tu ca mnh i, nh vy mi an thn.
o Lo gi th l: Hm chng [32] v Dng hi nhi minh.[33]
5. Lm sao n ch cho mun loi m khng t th
Tri t lm n, ch cho mun loi m chng bao gi t cao, t i, t tn, t th.
55

Thnh nhn sut i lm n ch cho mun loi, m chng bao gi khoe cng, nh vy
mi gi l Huyn c.
Huyn c l c hnh huyn vi, cao diu.

[1] Doanh phch : Hn phch (doanh : hn). Wieger li gii doanh l xc.
[2] Bo nht : m p o.
[3] Chuyn kh tr nhu : gi vn sinh kh, cho n ch hon ton nhu
thun.
[4] Anh nhi : a) tr th; b) ha nhi, chn nhn.
[5] Dch : ra.
[6] Tr : b i.
[7] Huyn lm : gng siu hnh (Trng Mc); s hiu bit su xa huyn
diu (H Thng Cng); xem nhiu, bit nhiu (kin thc) (Tng Long Uyn)
[8] T : t vt.
[9] V vi : c sch vit l v tri.
[10] V th : th : con mi. Tng Long Uyn vit l vi th .
[11] V tri : c sch vit l v vi .
[12] Huyn c : c su xa nhim mu.
[13] There is a root or depth in thee, says Law, from whence all these
faculties come forth as lines from a centre, or as branches from the body of a
tree.
This depth is called the centre, the fund, or bottom, of the soul. This depth is
the Unity, the Eternity, I had almost said the infinity of the soul, for it is so
infinite that nothing can satisfy it, or give it any rest, but the infinity of God. -Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 61.
[14] Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 14.
[15] Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 14b.
56

[16] Dc tri tin o, tin tn nhn o, nhn o bt tu, tin o vin h.

.
[17] Thng phm an php Tit th tr. 7a. Thi t kim hoa tng
ch , 15b.
[18] Thng phm n php, tr. 10a.
[19] ib. 1a.
[20] Luyn kh phm tm c tn chn tnh . ib. 1a.
[21] Thi Hi Phm, Nhp dc knh, tr. 6b.
[22] Thi Hi Phm, Nhp dc knh, tr. 6b.
[23] Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh gii ngha, tr. 14b.
[24] m ch, H Thng Cng, Lo t o c kinh, tr. 5a.
[25] Nghim Ton, Lo t o c kinh, quyn 1, tr. 53.
[26] Xem Lu T, Bch thoi thch gii o c kinh, tr. 23.
Xem Nghim Ton, Lo t o c kinh, tr. 58-59.
[27] c thm Trang T, Nam Hoa Kinh, chng i Tng S, on J; Tr bc
du on C, v. v...
[28] Xem Nguyn Vn Th, Trung Dung tn kho, tr. 499-500.
[29] To let oneself go, be quiet, receptive, is the condition under which such
contact with the comic Life may be obtained. I have noticed that when one
pains, one should think of nothing: everything then comes better, says the
young Raphael to Leonardo Da Vinci. The superficial self must here
acknowledge its own insufficiency, must become the humble servant of a
more profound and vital consciousness...
Then the conscious mind being passive, the more divine mind below the
threshold organ of our free creative life can emerge and presents its
report. In the words of an older mystic, The soul leaving all things and

57

forgetting herself, is immersed in the ocean of Divine Splendour, and

illuminated by the sublime Abyss of the Unfathomable Wisdom.
(Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 76-77)
[30] Surrender and deification, Ib. p. 113.
[31] Xem Nguyn Vn Th, Trung Dung tn kho, tr. 50.
[32] Kinh Dch, qu Khn, ho lc tam.
[33] Kinh Dch, qu Minh Di, Tng truyn.
CHNG 11
V DNG

Hn vn:

. , . . ,
. . , . , .
Phin m:
1. Tam thp phc,[1] cng nht cc.[2] ng k v, hu xa chi dng.
2. Duyn [3] thc [4] d vi kh. ng k v, hu kh chi dng.
3. Tc h [5] d [6] d vi tht. ng k v, hu tht chi dng.
4. C hu chi d vi li, v chi d vi dng.[7]
Dch xui:
1. Ba chc cm, hp li mt bu. Nh ch trng khng, mi c ci dng ca xe.
2. Nho t lm chn bt. Nh ch trng khng, mi c ci dng ca chn bt.
3. c ca ln, ca s lm nh; nh c ch trng khng, mi c ci dng ca nh.
4. Cho nn ly ci c lm ci li, ly ci khng lm ci dng.
Dch th:

1. Bnh xe ba mi tai hoa,

Ci bu gia trng, n nh n quay.
2. Bt kia ly t dng gy,
58

Nh lng bt rng, mi hay ng .

3. Lm nh tr ca nh, to,
Nh ca m trng, ci nh mi quang.
4. Hu hnh ch, mang,
V hnh mi thc chnh tang ci dng.
BNH GING
Trong chng ny, Lo t dng ba v d ni ln s quan trng ca H v. l:
- Khong khng ca trc xe
- Khong khng trong lng bt
- Khong khng ni cc ca ln nh, v
- Khong khng trong lng nh.
Suy ra, th ci hu hnh hu tng ch ct l dung cha ci khng, v ci khng mi
thc s quan h.
Nhn chng ny, thit tng nn bn v ch V, ch Khng ca o Lo.
1. Ch H, V trong siu hnh hc Lo gio
Ch H, ch V, ch Khng, trong siu hnh hc o Lo, tc l Tuyt i. o c
kinh chng 40 vit: Thin h vn vt sinh hu, hu sinh V.
Xng o Chn ngn vit: o gia gi l H; Pht gia gi l Khng. Khng c th
nhn thy mi s, nghe thy mi s. Khng vn khng lm g gin cch, khng vn v
lng, v bin. Cho nn khi mt ngi suy ngh, ngi cng nh khng hay bit, m H
khng v lng, v bin bit, hay... V th, Nho gia thn c, y khng (cn thn
khi mt mnh, s hi ci Khng).[8]
Ni con ngi h v chnh l chn tm, bn tm con ngi. Sch Tu Chnh lc vit:
Thin h vn s vn vt giai hu hnh, hu tch, duy c tm l khng th ly hnh tch m
tm cu; khng ting khng hi; khng khng, ng ng...[9]
2. Nhng khong khng trong con ngi
Nu ni bnh xe, chn bt, nh ca, khong khng trng hn khong c, th ni
con ngi cc khong khng, u trng hn khong c.

59

Y gia ch bit cc khong c. o gia chuyn ch trng n cc khong khng. Theo

o gia th c ba khong khng quan trng nht trong con ngi, m h thng gi l
Thin cc, ng cc, Linh cc.
a) Thin cc hay Thng an in hay Huyn quan khiu N
hon cung hay No tht ba.[10]
b) ng cc hay Ging cung hay Trung an in xoang gia ngc
(mdiastin) gn tim.[11]
c) Linh cc hay Kh hi hay H an in xoang bng di rn
(cavit abdominale, rgion Hi pogastrique).[12]
Thin cc hay Huyn quan khiu , d nhin l quan trng hn c.[13]
Sch Tu chn bin nn tin bin vit:
Ti thin, tc V cc

Ti nhn, tc Huyn khiu. [14]

Cc xoang cc trong ngi u khng thng vi nhau bng nhng kinh lc v hnh v
nht l qua ng ng gia ty xng sng (canal pendymaire).
3. Tu o l i tm khng, thc hin khng
Ngi tu o chnh l i tm Khng. Nhng ci c, nhn tin, ai chng thy. Xc tht
trn trn, ai chng thy. Cho nn ngi cao siu, tu o, tc l i tm ci v hnh, v tng
m mi ngi khng tm thy; ch cho nhau ci khng, m ngi thng khng thy.
Tnh mnh khu ch c th rng:
i o cn kinh thc gi hi

Thng nhn nht dng thc nng tri

V qun ch xut thn tin qut

Nht khiu loan loan t nguyt mi.

Tm dch:
60

Cn kinh i o t ai hay,
Thng nhn dng mi, bit no ai?
V ngi, xin ch thn tin ng,
Mt khiu cong cong ta nt ngi... [15]
Tu l em tm thn v Khng ng.
Trng V Mng ni: Tm ti linh quan, thn hu ch. Kh qui nguyn hi th v
cng. .
Tm linh quan thn c ch,
Kh v nguyn hi th v cng... [16]
Nhp dc knh ni: N hon l bn cung ca Thn, Thn v N hon thi vn thn
triu hi. V th ni: Ngi mun bt t, thi tu Cn Ln.[17]
Mc ch ca s tu tr l: Thnh thn tr v vi V cc. (Luyn thn hon h. Phc qui
v cc. , )
Cc o s Yoga xa tu luyn khng phi i tm Thin ng m ct l kt hp vi
bn nguyn ca v tr. [18]
Nh vy con ngi mt na l Hu mt na l V. Tm ra c na V trong ngi,
lm cho cc nng lc cn tim tng trong V c thi trin, mi l con ngi ton
din. [19]
L tng i sng theo o Lo u xoay quanh ch V . Ta thy o Lo ton ch
trng V:
- V k
- V cng
- V danh
- V vi
- V dc
C hon ton V, mi ha mnh c vi Bn th v tr v bin t.
Thiu Khang Tit ni: V ng, nhin hu vn vt giai ng. Th th ch ngn, dic th
chn quyt. [20]

61

Tng Long Uyn bnh chng ny i khi nh sau: Tri t c trng gia th m
dng mi c diu dng. Thnh nhn c h tm s vn dng mi vi diu. Nu t tri
khng trng gia, th bn ma s khng vn xoay, qu thn s khng bin ha, cho nn
ngi bit th no l H Trung, s bit cn bn ca To ha. Nu thnh nhn khng
h tm, s khng hiu c thin l vi diu, khng lm cho nhn tm tr nn chnh
nh, khng th sa i phong tc, treo gng cho nhn qun. Cho nn ngi bit th no
l h tm s bit cn bn ca o c. [21]

[1] Phc : tai hoa (rayons, rais).

[2] Cc : bu (moyeu).
[3] Duyn : pha trn, nho nn.
[4] Thc : t st, t th.
[5] H : ca mt cnh, (ca 2 cnh l mn).
[6] D : ca s.
[7] Xng o chn ngn (tr. 28b) c mt on di ni v H v.
[8] o gia v chi H, Pht gia v chi Khng. Khng nng v s bt kin, v s
bt vn... Khng v s cch. Khng bn v lng v bin. C nht nhn pht
nht nim ng tht chi nhn bt tri, nhi v lng chi khng tri chi. Nho gia chi
thn c, y khng c d. .
..
. . Xng o chn ngn, quyn 5,
tr. 31.
[9] Thin h vn vt giai hu hnh, hu tch, duy tm bt kh d hnh tch cu, v
thanh v x, khng khng, ng ng.
Tu Chnh lc, tr. 1b.
[10] Lc Dc ng Ng Lc , quyn 2: H v thin cc? Ci nhn
u hu cu cung, trung hu nht s, danh vit thin cc. Thanh tnh v trn,
nng tng nguyn thn an tr k trung, ho bt ngoi tr, tc thnh chn
chng thnh. .
62

 (Thin cc l g? u ngi

c 9 cung, trong c mt ch tn l thin cc. Thanh tnh khng nhim trn

th c th em nguyn thn an tr ti ni , khng my may [ nguyn thn]
thot chy ra ngoi t s chng thnh tin thnh).
[11] T Thanh Ch Huyn Tp gii thch: Trung hu ng cc
ging cung, tng kh chi ph d. Hu th xng vi trung an in
. (Bn trong c ng cc [tc l] ging

cung, l ni cha kh. Ngi i sau gi l trung an in.)

[12] T Thanh Ch Huyn Tp gii thch: H hu linh cc quan
nguyn, tng tinh chi ph d. Hu th xng vi h an in
. (Pha di c linh cc [tc l] quan

nguyn, l ni cha tinh.)

[13] Dans les trois sections du corps, ils (les Taostes) placent trois rgions
principales, lune dans la tte, la deuxime dans la poitrine, la troisime dans
le ventre. Ce sont en quelque sorte les portes du commandement de chacune
des sections. On les appelle les Champs de Cinabre dantian (an in) pour
rappeler le nom de llment essentiel de la drogue dimmortalit, le cinabre.
Le premier, ou Palais du Nihuan (Nirvna) est dans le cerveau; le deuxime,
le Palais carlate, est prs du cur; le troisime, le Champ de Cinabre
infrieur, est au-dessous du nombril. Henri Maspro, Le Taosme, p. 92.
Thin cc (thng an in) cng gi l tnh cn l ni pht xut t duy
thn ch, sch Tu Chn Thp Th (quyn 3) gi l ni t tp
ca vn thn (vn thn hi tp chi hng), tc l no b
. Sch Kim an i Thnh , chng Kim an Vn p
, bo: No vi thng in. (No l thng [an] in).
Thng an in cng gi lthm uyn hay thi uyn . Chu Dch

Tham ng Kh Pht Huy , quyn trung, ni: Chn nhn

tim thm uyn, ph du th quy trung. . C hn
63

nhn y l nguyn thn ; thm uyn l thi uyn hay thng an

in. Sch Chu Dch Tham ng Kh ny a ra 67 thut ng khc nhau
cng ch thng an in nh: 1. N hon cung , 2. Lu chu
cung , 3. Ngc Thanh cung , 4. T Thanh cung , 5.
Thy vi cung , 6. Thi Nht cung , 7. Thi huyn quan
, 8. Huyn mn , 9. Huyn tht , 10. Huyn cc , 11. Huyn
in , 12. Sa in , 13. nht quan , 14. quan ,
15. Thin quan , 16. Thin mn , 17. Thin cc , 18. Thin
in , 19. Thin tm , 20. Thin lun , 21. Thin trc , 22.
Thin nguyn , 23. Thin tr , 24. Thin cn , 25. Thin
ng , 26. Thin cung , 27. Cn cung , 28. Cn gia , 29.
Giao cm cung , 30. Ly cung , 31. Thn cung , 32. Thn
tht , 33. Thn quan , 34. Thn kinh , 35. Thn , 36.
Huyn , 37. C , 38. C hng , 40. C khu , 41.
C lm , 42. C cung , 43. T ph , 44. T nh , 45. T
kim thnh , 46. T kim nh , 47. Chu sa nh , 48.
Hng nh , 49. Ngc nh , 50. Ngc tht , 51. Ngc kinh
, 52. Ngc v , 53. Diu phong , 54. nht phong , 55.
Ti cao phong , 56. Chc Dung phong , 57. Cn Ln nh
, 58. Khng ng sn , 59. Bng Lai , 60. Thng o
, 61. Thng kinh , 62. Thng cung , 63. Thng huyn ,
64. Thng nguyn , 65. Thng cc , 66. Thng th ph
, 67. Thi vi cung . Sch Tnh Mnh Khu Ch (ni Phn
Chiu ) a ra 47 thut ng khc nhau ca thng an in.
Ngoi 21 danh t k trng lp trong Chu Dch Tham ng Kh Pht Huy,
Tnh Mnh Khu Ch cn k thm cc thut ng: 1. Thanh h ph , 2.
Thng thin quan , 3. Tam ma a , 4. Hong phng ,
5. Chn t , 6. B ngn , 7. Diu tr , 8. N hon , 9. Ni
vin , 10. Liu thin , 11. t , 12. Tng sn , 13. Thin
64

ph , 14. Ma ni chu , 15. Ngc kinh sn , 16. Thi uyn

tr , 17. Uy quang nh , 18. Bt nh ngn , 19. Ba la
mt a , 20. Bch linh chi mnh trch , 21. Tn dch
chi sn nguyn , 22. Vin gic hi , 23. Trung nht
cung , 24. la ni mn , 25. No huyt chi qunh
phng , 26. Hn tinh chi ngc tht .
[14] Tu chn bin nn tin bin, tr. 25a.
[15] Xng o chn ngn, tr. 10b c mt on ni v H trong con ngi.
[16] Tnh mnh khu ch, quyn Hanh.
[17] N hon, Thn chi bn cung d. Thn qui n hon tc vn thn triu hi. T
dc bt t tu Cn Ln th d. .
. . Nhp dc knh, tr. 10b.
[18] Aucun Yogi ne cherche le Ciel mais lunion avec ce qui est la source de
tous les mondes. Arthur Avalon, La Puissance du Serpent.
[19] Only the mystic can be called a whole man, since in the other half, the
powers of the self always sleep. -- Everlyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 75.
[20] Thiu t vn: V ng, nhin hu vn vt giai ng. Th th ch ngn, dic th
chn quyt : . (V ng
ri sau vn vt mi u c ng. Thc ch l vy). Tu Chnh lc, tr. 3b.
[21] Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh gii ngha, tr. 16a.
CHNG 12

KIM DC

Hn vn:

. . .
. , . . .
65

Phin m:
1. Ng sc lnh [1] nhn mc manh.[2] Ng m lnh nhn nh lung.[3] Ng v lnh nhn
khu sng.[4] Tr snh [5] in lip [6] lnh nhn tm pht cung. Nan c chi ha, lnh
nhn hnh phng.[7]
2. Th d thnh nhn v phc bt v mc. C kh b th th.
Dch xui:
1. Nm mu khin ngi m mt. Nm ging khin ngi ic tai. Nm mi khin ngi
t li. Rui rong sn bn, khin lng ngi ha cung. Ca ci kh c, khin ngi b
tai hi.
2. Bi vy, thnh nhn v bng khng v mt. Nn b ci kia, ly ci ny.
Dch th:
1. Sc nm mu lm ta chong mt,

Thanh nm cung ngy ngt l tai.

Nm mi t li mm sai,
Rui rong sn bn, lng ngi ha in.
Ca him c ng nghing nhn c,
Khinh gic quan, gi chc lng son.
2. Thnh nhn hiu l mt cn.
BNH GING
Cc li khuyn ca Lo t trn y rt hu ch cho cng phu tu luyn.
Nh ta bit Lo t l mt nh huyn hc. M Huyn hc l s vn vt ln trn th
gii hin tng hu hnh t ti Chn th np sau bc mn hin tng. [8]
Nh huyn hc l mt ngi phn vng, qui chn, b iu sai lc, tr v cng chn
l,[9] khng hng ngoi, m tr v tm im tm thn. [10]
Mun hng ni, tm ra thin chn thin th, cn phi thot mi phin trc, thc
phc bn ngoi, cn phi nh thn, tnh tr. Chnh v vy, m nhng th vui gic quan bn
ngoi tr thnh chng ngi. Chng lm cho tn thn, hao kh; chng lm cho tm hn tr
66

nn bt nh khng hon ton chuyn ch vo c vn trng i nht ca ngi tu

o, l thc hin thin chn.
Nhng nh huyn hc chn chnh thng sng rt thm trm ni tm khm, ni m
tiu ng tr nn v ngha, v tm hn tip xc vi ngun sng ca i th... [11]
V th cho nn h rt s nhng cm d ngoi lai, mc du l nhng cm d nh nht.
Thnh Jean de la Croix vit: ... Tm hn b sa ly trong tnh i, mc mu trong cm
by ca dc vng v lng v k, du l nh nhoi my chng na, cng b ngn cn khng
th vn mnh ln n Chn Thin. S luyn i to vt thnh tr ngi ln lao khng
cho tm hn phi kt vi Thng . [12]
Cc v thin s cng cho rng lng kht khao s vt s to nn mt trng thi sc
tng, mt trng thi n l. V th nn h mun i sng mnh v sc tng.[13]
Li ni:
Mng vui l mt khinh phiu,

Khinh thng hoan lc, c chiu trng sinh. [14]

Suy ra ta mi hiu ti sao xa nay ti sao c nhiu ngi li i n tu trong cc tu vin,
hoc ni sa mc hoang vu. l v h chn i sng tinh thn vnh cu, thay v i
sng gic quan tm b.
Trong cc php mn tu luyn, ta li thy mn thin nh l quan trng v ph qut
hn c, m thin nh chnh l khp ca gic quan, vn kh, iu thn, tp trung t tng,
thn tr, cui cng i n ch cao siu nht l xut thn nhp nh, huyn ha vi i
o.
Trang t gi th l Ta vong.[15]
Tm li chng ny khuyn ta hy r b ci ph hoa sc tng bn ngoi, gi gn
ci Ta thin nhin, chn thc, gi gn ly ci i ng siu linh, v sc tng.
Trong khi vn s, vn loi trong v tr ph tn v hy hoi hnh th mnh,[16] th nh
huyn hc c thu thn nh tr, hi quang phn chiu, nh vy c phi l thot ly c
mi nh lut chi phi vn vt khng, v siu thot khng?

[1] Lnh : hay lnh, khin.

[2] Manh : m.
67

[3] Lung : ic.

[4] Sng : sai.
[5] Tr snh : rong rui.
[6] in lip : sn bn. Sn ma Xun gi l in ; Sn ma H gi l
Miu ; Sn ma Thu gi l Tin ; Sn ma ng gi l Lip (lp) , v
th sn bn mi gi l in lip (lp) .
[7] Phng : tn thng h hng.
[8] The hermetic science is a method of transcending the phenomenal world and
attain to the realty which is behind phenomena. -- Everlyn
Underhill, Mysticism, p. 181.
[9] Xem o c kinh gii ngha, tr. 17a.
[10] Not outward bound, but rather on the journey to its centre. -- Evelyn
Underhill, Mysticism, p. 123.
[11] In the deepest recesses of her (St. Teresa) spirit, in that unplumbed abyss
where selfhood ceases to have meaning and the individual soul touches the
life of the All, distinction vanished and she saw God in a point. -- Everlyn
Underhill, Mysticism, p. 123.
[12] Lme est engloue dans ses affections, prise au pige de ses passions et
de son goisme, mme infime, et se trouve ainsi empche de slancer vers
son vritable bien. Cest cet attachement la crature qui constitue lobstacle
majeur lunion de lme avec Dieu. St Jean de la Croix, p. 114.
[13] La soif des choses produit ltat color que le Yogi considre comme une
servitude, un esclavage. Cest ltat incolore quil simpose sa vie. -- Ernest
E. Wood, La Pratique du Yoga, p. 31.
[14] Celui qui accapare une joie,
Dtruit la vie aile.
Celui qui embrasse la joie au passage,
68

Vit dans laurore de lternit.

Ib. p. 32.
[15] Xem Nam Hoa kinh, i tng s, J v Tr Bc Du, C.
[16] All the phenomena of nature visible and invisible, within the atom and in
outer space, indicate that the substance and energy of the universe are
inexorably diffusing like vapor through the insatiable void. The sun is slowly
but surely burning out, the stars are dying embers, and everywhere in the
cosmos, heat is turning to cold, matter is dissolving into radiation, and energy
is being dissipated into empty space. -- Lincoln Barnett, The Universe and
Dr Einstein, p. 110.
CHNG 13
YM S

Hn vn:

. () . . (, ) .
, . () . , .
, ? , . ,
.
Phin m:
1. Sng nhc nhc [1] kinh. (Qu) [2] i hon nhc* thn.
2. H v sng nhc nhc* kinh. Sng vi (thng, nhc vi) h. [3] c chi nhc* kinh,
Tht chi nhc*kinh.
3. H v (qu) [4] i hon nhc* thn. Ng s d hu i hon gi, vi ng hu thn.
Cp ng v thn, ng hu h hon?
4. C qu d thn vi thin h, nhc [5] kh k thin h. i d thn vi thin
h, nhc* kh thc thin h.
Dch xui:
1. Vinh, nhc cng lm lo u. S d hon nn l v c thn.
69

2. Ti sao vinh, nhc u lm lo u? Vinh l ngi cao, nhc l a v thp. c

cng lo, mt cng lo. V th nn ni: Vinh nhc u lo.
3. Ti sao ni: Hon nn l v c thn? Ta s d phi lo u nhiu, chnh v ta c thn.
Nu khng c thn, ta u c lo !
4. Cho nn ai qu thin h hn thn mnh, th c th em thin h giao ph cho, ai yu
thin h hn thn mnh, th c th gi gm thin h cho h c.[6]
Dch th:
1. Vinh hay nhc lo u cng ra,
Ta lo u v c tm thn.
2. Nhc vinh l mi bn tm,
Ln voi xung ch cng ngn y lo.
3. Lun s hi l do thn th,
Khng thn ny h d u lo.
4. Xin em thin h hin cho,
Ai v thin h, chng t tng mnh.
BNH GING
Hai chng trn, Lo t khuyn ta: (1) Phi sng h tm, khinh khot. (2) Phi bit tit
dc, ng m mi chy theo nhng th vui gic quan.
Trong chng ny, Lo t tip tc khuyn ta: ng nn bn tm v cng danh trn tc
cng nh nn vn ln khi i sng phm tc ca tiu ng.
1. Khng nn bn tm v cng danh trn tc
Lo t cho rng cng danh ch lm kh con ngi.
Vinh cng lo, cng kh.
Nhc cng lo cng kh.
Ci vinh nhc y lo u y, ch c nhng ngi qua cu mi hay.
Vinh nhc i nh l nhng t sng cn k tip nhau trn b hon.
Cu Tin ng l vua nc Vit, bng thua trn, b Ph Sai bt, cng vi v, v nc
Ng chn nga.
S Chiu Vng, ang lm vua nc S, b vua Hp L nc Ng, cng Tn V v
70

Ng T T tn cng, phi b kinh , xung thuyn m chy. Bng gp bn tho khu.

Ty tng ni y l S Chiu Vng xin ng xm phm. Bn tho khu tr li: Ta ch
bit c ca, ch khng bit c cha. Ni on nh ngi, cp ca t thuyn. Vua, ti
phi b thuyn ln b m chy. Sau gp thuyn ca qun i phu Lm Don V cng i
lnh nn. Vua ti xin cho ln thuyn. Lm Don V p: Ta ch cha mt nc i lm
g? Ri i lun khng gh.
Napolon trc kia cung vng, in ngc, m khi b i y ra Sainte Hlne cng ch
nm trn mt ging st nh binh c, dng mt ci chu ra mt c, t trn mt ci gi
g c, nh mt ngi ngho nh qu.
Nhiu vua cha Trung ng xa b vua nc ch bt c, phi khom lng lm gh,
vua ch bc ln, mi khi ln nga.
Bacon ni: Ngi trn lm y t n ba ln: y t cho vua, y t cho danh vng,
y t cho cng vic, v th h mt ht t do; bn thn mt t do; hot ng mt t do; gi
gic mt t do. Tht l k d: ngi c quyn cai tr ngi khc, li khng cai tr ni
mnh. [7]
Young ni: a v cao khng mang li hnh phc, m mang li rc ri. Khng ai ngh
rng ngi trn kh, ch c ngi trn mi thy iu . [8]
Ugo Foscolo ni: Danh vng ca nhng ngi ln, mt phn l do s liu lnh, hai
phn l do may mn, cn mt phn na l do ti c ca h. [9]
Cung On Ngm Khc vit:
Mi ph qu d lng xa m,
B vinh hoa la g cng khanh.
Gic Nam Kha kho bt bnh,
Bng con mt dy, thy mnh tay khng.
Chnh v th m Lo t khuyn ta ng nn bn tm n vinh nhc bn ngoi.
2. Phi vn ln khi i sng phm tc ca tiu ng
Lo t cng khuyn chng ta khng nn bm vu vo thn tm bn ngoi, v n cng
ch ph du tm b nh nhng ci g hu hnh, hu tng, v n chnh l ngun gc ca
mi s kh au, phin trc ca con ngi.
Ngi tu o phi bit vn ln trn nhng gii hn hnh hi sc tng ca tiu ng
71

tin ln n bnh din v bin t ca i Ng, bnh din ca t do v hnh phc trng
tn. [10]
Nh vy Lo t ch cho ta thy ngun gc lo u su kh chnh l ci phm thn ca
ta, l ci tiu ng ca ta. Th tc l ngi dy ta: mun thot kh phi i n ch v k, v
ng.
Khng t t ti v ng. [11]
Pht gio ch trng dit ng.
Nh vy Pht, Lo, Khng u ch trng rng ci phm thn l gi tng, ci chn
tm, chn ng mi l con ngi ch thc, l Chn nhn.
Huyn hc u Chu cng cp hai con ngi:
- Mt con ngi ph phim, phm tc m cc nh huyn hc u lo r b. [12]
- Mt con ngi siu vit, m cc nh huyn hc u mun thc hin. [13]
3. Khng cu danh tranh li
Lo t kt lun rng ch nhng ngi khng cu danh, tranh li, ch nhng ngi thot
c ra ngoi vng phm thn, phm tm, mi l nhng ngi xng ng cm u thin
h.
[1] Su ch nhc trn u c ngha nh ch gi .
[2] Bn ca Lu T b ch qu , cho l tha, Cao Hanh cng ngh vy.
[3] Nhiu sch ch vit: Sng vi h . Nhng Trn Danh Nguyn v L o Thun
sa li nh trn l:Sng vi thng, nhc vi h .
[4] Ch qu y cng nn b i. (Cao Hanh).
[5] Hai ch nhc sau ngha nh ch tc (: th).
[6] celui qui est uniquement soucieux de la grandeur de lempire (et non de la sienne),
celui qui ne dsire que le bien de lempire (et non le sien propre), qu celui-l on confie
lempire (et il sera en bonnes mains). -- Lon Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoste.
[7] Men in great place are thrice servants, servants of the sovereign or state, servants of
fame, and servants of business; so that they have no freedom, neither in their person,
in their actions, nor in their times. It is a strange desire to seek powers over others, and
to lose power over a mans self - (Bacon). The New Dictionary of Thoughts, p. 250.
72

[8] High Stations tumult, not bliss create, - None think the great unhappy, but the great
(Young) ib. 251.
[9] La gloire des grands hommes tient pour un quart leur audace, pour deux quarts au
hasard, pour le dernier quart leurs crimes. Encyclopdie des Citations, p. 432.
[10] The law of this Infinite life, which was in the Incarnation expressing its own nature to a
supreme degree, must then also be the law of the finite life; in so far as that life aspries
to transcend individual limitations, rise to freedom and attain union with Infinity. Evelyn
Underhill, Mysticism, p. 145.
[11] T tuyt t. V , v tt, v c, v ng : , , , (Lun Ng,
T Hn chng 9, cu 4) c Khng c bn khng: (1) Khng c ring (lng t dc);
(2) Khng c lng k tt, nhng bit ty cnh m lm; (3) Khng c chp, tc l bit
bao dung; (4) V ng: tc l khng v k, t k.
[12] Xem Everlyn Underhill, Mysticism, cc trang vit trong du ngoc. Surface
personality (272), surface consciousness (68), superficial consciousness (?), superficial
mind (69), surface mind (262), the finite Life (145), the natural mind (122), the lower
nature (145, surface life (80).
[13] The transcendental consciousness (272), the interior man (272), the mystical
consciousness (273), the subliminal mind (190), the superhuman plane (191), the
supersensual plane (147), subconscious deeps (80), the divine Substance (144), the
absolute (144), The Principle of Life (144), The Principle of Restitution (144), The
Infinite Life (145), The Divine (133), The Archetypal world (186), the deified Life (212).

CHNG 14
TN HUYN

Hn vn:

, . , . , .
. . , , ,
. , . , .
. , . , .
73

Phin m:
1. Th chi bt kin, danh vit Di. Thnh chi bt vn, danh vit Hi. Bc chi bt c,
danh vit Vi. Th tam gi bt kh tr ct. [1] C hn nhi vi nht.
2. K thng bt kiu. [2] K h bt mui. Thng thng [3] bt kh danh, phc qui
v vt. Th v v trng chi trng, v vt chi tng. Th v bt ht hong, nghinh chi
bt kin k th. Ty chi bt kin k hu.
3. Chp c chi o, d ng kim chi hu. Nng tri c thy, Th v o k.[4]
Dch xui:
1. Nhn khng thy, gi l Di. Nghe khng thy, gi l Hi. Nm khng c, gi l
Vi. Ba iu y khng th suy cu n cng. Cho nn hp li lm mt.
2. Trn n khng sng. Di n khng m. Min man dng dc m khng th t
tn. Ri li tr v ch khng c g. l trng thi ca ci khng trng thi. Hnh
tng ca ci khng c vt cht. Ci c hong ht, n trc khng thy u, theo
sau khng thy ui.
3. Gi ci o xa tr chuyn nay; bit ci u mi ca thi xa, y l nm
c ging mi o.
Dch th:
1. Gi l Di v nhn chng ni,
Nghe khng ra nn gi l Hi,
Thot tay nn gi l Vi,

Ba iu y, khn suy cho cng.

Suy khng cng nn chung lm mt,
2. Trn chng trong, di sut chng m,
Mung lung nn kh gi tha,
Min man bt tn nn v tng hnh.
Khng dng dp, siu linh ta gi,

Khng tng hnh nn mi siu linh.

Pht ph khng bng khng hnh,

u ui chng c, cung nghinh ng no.

74

3. nh phi sng m vo c gi.

Thu ngun xa l r o Tri.
BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t li lun v o th. i khi Lo t cho rng o th huyn
vi, mung lung, o diu, thot tm kch quan nng ca con ngi. i o v hnh
tng, nn khng c u ui, d n trc theo sau cng khng truy lng ra dng
dp.
Tuy nhin, ta vn c cch bit c o, nu ta bit cch kho st i sng cc v
thnh nhn i trc. Hiu c thi c, tc l bit c chuyn nay, hiu c o
th.
*
Nh vy chng ny Lo t li lun v o v cho rng o v thanh v x, bt
kh t ngh.
Rmusat nm 1823 cho rng ba ch Di, Hi, Vi c l l c phin m t
cha (Yod, He, Vau, He: Yahweh: Thng ). Ch ny c l c nhp vo
Trung Hoa trc thi Lo t. Sau ny cc ng Victor von Strauss (1870) v Bc s
Edkins (1884) cng li ch trng nh vy. James Legge cho rng ch trng ny
vu khot. [5]
Ti khng ngh rng ba ch Di, Hi, Vi c phin m t ch YHVH ca Do
Thi, nhng bit chc l ni y Lo t bn v o th, tc l bn v Thng
theo t ng cc nh huyn hc. Nhan Hi cng ni trong Lun ng:
Cng trng ln, cng thy cao,
Cng di vo cng thy kin c,
Mi thy ng trc,

Thot ra sau... [6]

Cc bc i thnh u chu, t Ruysbroeck, Jean de la Croix n Thrse dAvila,
u phn bit r rng gia Thc ti m h thy, vi nhng hnh nh m h dng
m t Thc ti y.
H lun lun ch trng nh Dionysius v Eckhart rng Ci m h chim ngng
vn khng c hnh tng. H li cng ch trng nh Jean de la Croix rng: tm hn
75

khng th no phi hip hon ton c vi o, nu h cn phi qua trung gian

ca Hnh, Thc, Sc, Tng. [7]
Pht cng ni: Nhc d sc kin Ng, d m thanh cu ng, th nhn hnh t
o, bt kin Nh Lai. , , , (Kim
Cng kinh).
Nu o v hnh tng nh vy th lm sao m tm thy o? Cc nh bnh
gii on ny bnh gii mi ngi mt cch. Chung qui ta thy c ba cch ny:
a) Mun tm o phi truy k nguyn, t lc cha c t tri. [8]
b) Mun tm o phi bit hi quang phn chiu, tm ra o th y lng. [9]
c) Mun tm o, phi nng theo cch thc ca ngi xa.
Kho cc nh huyn hc, ta thy xa cng nh nay, o l ch c mt, l: Tri
chng xa ngi. Tewekkul Beg, mt nh huyn hc Hi gio th k 17 ni: Ngi
chnh l ti, th m trc kia ti u m, khng bit iu huyn diu siu vit y. [10]
Plotin ni: Thng chng ngoi ai, nhng hin din trong mi s vt, mc
du mi ngi khng bit vy. Ni cch khc: Thn Cha trong cc bn. [11]
Tuyt i m mi ngi tm cu khng c cao xa diu vi tch ri khi v tr
hnh tng bt ton ny, nhng ngay trong lng bin dch; ng ch ngay
ca lng con ngi v g v ch cho phm tm con ngi dn d tm ra c kho
tng ca n. [12]

i ng chn kinh cng vit: Tri vn d chng xa ngi. (Thin

nhn bn th v sai bit ); [13] v mc ch ca khoa luyn an
cng chnh l tm ra c, Thi cc, c Tri, c o trong lng mnh. [14]
[1] Tr ct : gn hi n cng.
[2] Kiu : sng.
[3] Thng thng : min man.
[4] o k : ging mi ca o.
[5] Cf. J. Legge, The Textes of Taoism, p. 106.
[6] Nhan Uyn v nhin thn vit: Ngng chi di cao, ton chi di kin. Chim chi ti
tin, ht nhin (yn) ti hu : , .
76

, () . Lun Ng, chng 9, cu 10.

[7] The great mystics, however - Ruysbroeck, St. John of the Cross, and St Teresa
herself in her later stages - distinguish clearly between the indicible Realty which
they perceive and the image under which they describe it. Again and again they
tell us with Dionysius and Eckhart, that the Object of their contemplation hath no
image: or with St John of the Cross that the Soul can never attain to the height
of the divine union, so far as it is possible in this life, through the medium of any
forms or figures. Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 94.
[8] C thy gi, ch i o ti Tng chi tin. C vn c thy ,
. . Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 21b.
[9] Nhn nng phn quan t tnh, bt chc thanh sc, bt chp hu v, tin nim
bt khi, hu nim bt tc, nim nim bt hu, ly nht thit sc tng, tc v trng
chi trng, v tng chi tng, t nhin vn php hn nhi vi nht.
, , , , , , ,
, , . Ib. tr. 32a.
[10] Thou art I, but dark was my heart, I knew not the secret transcendent says
Tewekkul Beg, a moslem mystic of the seventeenth century. Cf. Evelyn
Underhill, Mysticism, p. 119.
[11] God says Plotinus is not external to anyone, but is present with all things,
though they are ignorant that he is so. In other and older words: The Spirit of God
is within you. Ib. p. 119.
[12] The Absolute Whom all seek does not hold Himself aloof from an imperfect
material Universe, but dwells within the flux of things: stands as it were at the very
threshold of consciousness and knocks, awaiting the the selfs slow discovery of
her treasures. Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism p. 119.
[13] Thin nhn bn thi v sai bit; Nht im linh quang hn thi huyn.
; . Tr. 5b.
[14] i ng chn kinh: an gi h d, nhn trung chi thi cc d :
, .

77

O C KINH
Nhn T Nguyn Vn Th
kho lun & bnh dch

mc lc kho lun
1
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73

2
11
20
29
38
47
56
65
74

3
12
21
30
39
48
57
66
75

4
13
22
31
40
49
58
67
76

5
14
23
32
41
50
59
68
77

6
15
24
33
42
51
60
69
78

7
16
25
34
43
52
61
70
79

8
17
26
35
44
53
62
71
80

9
18
27
36
45
54
63
72
81

CHNG 15
HIN C

Hn vn:

, , . , .
. . . .
. . , . , .
. , . , .
Phin m:
1. C chi thin vi s [1] gi, vi diu huyn thng, thm bt kh thc. Ph duy bt kh
thc, c cng vi chi dung.
2. D [2] yn nhc ng thip xuyn. Do [3] h nhc y t ln. Nghim [4] h k
nhc khch.[5]Hon h nhc bng chi tng thch. n h k nhc
phc.[6] Khong [7] h k nhc cc. Hn h k nhc trc.
3. Thc nng trc d ch, tnh nhi t thanh. Thc d [8] an d cu ng nhi t sinh.[9]
78

4. Bo th o gi bt dc doanh. Ph duy bt doanh c nng t,[10] bt tn thnh.[11]

Dch xui:
1. Bc hon thin xa siu vi, huyn diu, thm thy, thng sut; thm thy khn
lng. V kh lng nn gng t hnh dung.
2. Cc ngi thn trng nh ma ng i qua sng; cc ngi e d s lng ging bn
bn; knh cn nh khch; lnh lng nh bng tan; mc mc cht phc nh cha o gt;
man mc nh hang ni; hn mang nh nc c.
3. Ai c th c m nh tnh li dn dn trong. Ai c th yn m nh ng li dn dn
linh hot.
4. K gi o khng mun y. Ch v khng mun y, nn mi che du v chng i
mi.
Dch th:
1. Ai ngi xa khun theo o c,
Sng huyn vi, rt kh tri tng.
Nay ta gn p vn chng,
Hnh dung dng dp, liu ng phc ra.
2. H e p nh qua bng tuyt,
H ng ngng nh khip lng ging.
Hnh dung khch kh trang nghim,

Bng tan, tuyt tn, nh in lnh lng.

H y n nh tung mc mc,

Nhng phiu khinh man mc hang su.

Hn mang ng nc c ngu,
3. c ngu lng xung mt mu trong veo.
Ng cc mt chiu an phn,
No ai hay sng ng khn lng.
4. Ph hoa gom gp chng mng,

Ai say o c, coi thng ph hoa.

Sng n dt, khng a thanh th,
79

Vic th gian h d i thay.

BNH GING
Chng ny chng t cc bc chn nhn c o c t thng c. Lo t cho rng
cc ngi l nhng ngi siu vit huyn vi, nan trc, nn rt kh hnh dung. Tuy nhin,
Lo t cng phc ha ra chn dung mt v chn nhn c o.
1. Bc chn nhn c o vi, diu, huyn, thng.
(Vi = n o; Diu = bt trc; Huyn = u thm; Thng = v ngi.) n o,
huyn vi, t thng, bt t, hnh tung khn lng, in ta thn minh.
2. Cc ngi thn trng nh ngi qua sng bng gi, bui ng thin.
S cn thn l mt c tnh c hu ca cc bc trit nhn. Kinh Dch vit:
E d thng bt bnh xe,
H kia ui t, ngi b li sng.
Th thi mi khi li lm.
(Dch, qu K t, ho S lc)
3. Cc ngi knh cn nh s lng ging. Bc ch nhn lun lun knh s Tri, knh s
o tim n y lng mnh, nn lc no cng thn trng, nn du mt mnh cng tng
nh ni: mi mt trng vo, mi tay ch vo (Thp mc s th, thp th s ch, k
nghim h.) , , (i hc, chng 6)
4. V tin rng Tri, o cng ng tr trong lng mi ngi nn cc ngi i vi ai cng
nghim trang cung knh, nh gp khch qu. [12]
5. Cc ngi, mi thot gp, c mt v ngoi lnh lng. y chnh l:
Qun t chi giao m nh thy

Tiu nhn chi giao cam nh mt .

Tng Long Uyn li gii rng cc bc nhn xa coi mi chuyn i nh l bo nh
quang hoa (Xem: o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 23).
6. Cc ngi c mt v ngoi n s, cht phc. Lun Ng cng ni: Nhng ngi
cng ngh, cht phc, t ni thi gn s hon thin.[13]
7. Cc ngi c mt tm hn rng ri, bao la, khng cu n c chp. Uyn Gim loi
hm ghi: Thnh nhn c lng v tr. [14]
8. Cc ngi sng cuc i n dt, khng ph trng thanh th c , ti nng.
80

 l ch trng: Thao quang hi tch, n thnh hin phm (che bt nh sng lm m

du tch, che du v thnh, lm l nt phm) ca ngi xa. [15]
9. V th cho nn cc bc thnh nhn b ngoi thi rt tm thng, tng chng nh
vn c, l, m b trong thi trong tro, linh ng. o c kinh chng 70 vit:

Xa nay cc bc thnh nhn,

Ngc tng di lp qun o xc x.
10. Thnh nhn khng chung ph hoa; chng nhng khng a ph trng thanh th,
hin ti (t) m cng chng m c vinh quang tng lai [16] cng nh chng c nhng
mng tng chc nc quy tri.[17]
[1] M T Lun, Ph Dch u vit: Thin chi vi o gi .
[2] D : do d.
[3] Do : do d.
[4] Nghim : nghim trang.
[5] Khch : c sch vit l dung.
[6] Phc : cht phc.
[7] Khong : rng.
[8] Tng Long Uyn thay ch d bng ch nng .
[9] Lu T i c cu ny li nh sau: Thc nng hi d l chi t minh; thc nng trc d
tnh chi t thanh; thc nng an d ng chi (ch) t sinh ,
; ( ) .
[10] C sch vit l t (che). H Thng Cng gii l che du nh sng. C sch vit
l t (t lu, xu). C sch vit l t (nt, t).
[11] Tn thnh : H Thng Cng gii l qu cng danh.
[12] Xut mn nh kin i tn, s dn nh tha i t. ,
. Lun ngchng 12 Nhan Uyn.
[13] Cng, ngh, mc, nt cn nhn , , , . Lun Ng, chng 13, cu 27.
[14] Thnh nhn gi, thin a chi lng d , (Trnh t ). Uyn
gim loi hm , q. IV, tr. 4670, mc ch Thnh .
[15] Xem Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 22-23.
81

[16] Th nh v lai chi cng danh, v lai chi vinh qu, giai th tn thnh chi s
, , . Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr.
24.
[17] Celui qui garde cette rgle de ne pas se consumer en dsirs striles dun tat
chimrique, celui l vivra volontiers dans lobscurit, et ne prtendra pas renouveler le
monde. -- Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoste, p. 30.

CN TIP T CHNG 16 N 81

SCH THAM KHO CHNH

mc lc kho lun bnh dch
1.

Abel Jannire, La Pense dHraclite dphse, Aubier, Editions Montaigne, 1959.

2.

m Ph Kinh Andr Lamouche, La Destine Humaine, Flammarion.

3.

Anna K. Seidel, La Divinisation de Lao Tseu dans le Taoisme des Han.

4.

Annie Besant, La Sagesse antique.

5.

Annie Besant dch, The Bhagavad Gita.

6.

Arthur Avalon, La Puissance du Serpent.

7.

Arthur Waley, The Way and its Power, 1934.

8.

Bch H Thng

9.

Berthold Altaner, Prcis de Patrologie.

10. Brandon, Man and his Destiny.

11. Bi Khnh n, ng Thi.
12. Chu Dch Tham ng Kh Pht Huy
13. Cina Cerminara, De nombreuses demeures, traduction Sasia Erlics, Adyar, Paris
1966.

14. Couvreur, Li Ki (L k ).
15. Don Chn Nhn, Tnh Mnh Khu Ch

82

16. Dng B Tun , Lun Ng Dch Ch , Trung Hoa Th Cc xb,

Bc Kinh, 1963.

17. Dr. I Klug, Les Profondeurs de lme, ditions Salvator Mulhouse (Haut Rhin), 1951.
18. i ng Chn Kinh
19. i Nguyn Trng , Tin Hc T in
20. m Xun Thiu & Trn Trng San, Vit Vn c Bn, nh.
21. on Trung Cn, Pht Hc T in.
22. ng Du Bt Tin
23. Encyclopdie des Citations.
24. Ernest Aeppli, Psychologie du Conscient et de lInconscient, Payot, Paris, 1953.
25. Ernest E. Wood, La Pratique du Yoga.
26. Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism.
27. Giang V Nng c s di trc, Kim Cng Kinh Gii Ngha.
28. Hn Phi T
29. Henri Corbins, Histoire de la Philosophye islamique.
30. Henri Dor, Varits sinologiques, No 66.
31. Henri Maspero, Le Taoisme, Civilisation du Sud S. A. E. P. Paris, 1950.
32. Henri Maspero, Le Taoisme, ditions Gallimard, 1971.
33. Henry Steele Commager, Lhistorien et lhistoire, Nouveaux Horizons 1967.
34. H Thng Cng , Lo T o c Kinh m ch .
35. Zimmer, Mythes et Symboles dans lart et la civilisation de l Inde, Payot Paris.
36. Hoi Nam T
37. Hong Ni Kinh, Thng hi Cm Chng th cc n hnh.
38. Hunh Nguyn Ct , o c Kinh ch thch .
39. Duyvendak, Le Livre de la Voie et de la Vertu, 1953.
40. Duvendak, Tao To King, Adrien Maisonneuse, 1953.
83

41. James Legge, The Textes of Taoism.

42. James Legge, The Tao Te Ching.
43. Jean Grenier, LEsprit du Tao.
44. Khng T Gia Ng
45. Kim an i Thnh Tp
46. Kinh Th
47. La Monte du Carmel (Les uvres spirituelles du Bienheureux Pre Jean de la
Croix, Descle et Brower)

48. LEnseignement de Ramakrishna.

49. Lon Wieger, Caractres Chinois.
50. Lon Wieger, Lao-tzeu.
51. Lon Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoiste.
52. Lon Wieger, Tao Tei King, 1950.
53. Lon Wieger, Taosme.
54. Lon Wieger, Textes historiques.
55. Lit T , Xung H Chn Kinh .
56. Lincoln Barnett, The Universe and Dr Einstein.
57. Lun Ng
58. L T, Thi t Kim Hoa Tng Ch .
59. Lu Nht Minh , Chu Dch Xin Chn Ty An Trung Quc,
1995.

60. Lu T , Bch Thoi dch gii Lo T .

61. L Vn Hng , Trung Quc Tn Thin T Vn ,
62. Marijan Mol, Les Mystiques musulmans.
63. Nghim Ton, o c Kinh, tp 1, 1959; tp 2, Khai Tr xb, 1972.
64. Nguyn Duy Cn, o c Kinh, Khai Tr xb, 1968.
84

65. Nguyn Hin L, T ng Pha, Co thm xb.

66. Nguyn Vn Th, Khng Hc Tinh Hoa.
67. Nguyn Vn Th, Lecomte de Nouy v hc thuyt Vin ch, Tinh Vit Vn on xb.
68. Nguyn Vn Th, Trung Dung Tn Kho.
69. Nguyn Vn Th & Huyn Linh Yn L, Dch Kinh i Ton, tp 1, 2, 3.
70. Nhc on L Bo Tnh, Cung Thnh Tng Hp, 1963.
71. Nhng Tng dch, Trang T Nam Hoa Kinh
72. Quan Th m B Tt Bn Tch Cm ng Tng
73. St Jean de la Croix.
74. Soderblom Nathan, La Vie future daprs le Mazdisme, Ernest Leroux diteurs,
Paris 1901.

75. Stanislas Julien, Le Livre de la Voie et de la Vertu, 1842.

76. Thi Thng Bo Phit Thuyt .
77. Thi Thng Xch Vn ng C Kinh Ch.
78. Thanh Phong dch, i Minh Hng V .
79. Thanh Phong dch, Ty Hn Din Ngha.
80. Thn Tin Lun .
81. The New Dictionary of Thoughts.
82. Th Vn Sn, Lu Nguyn Ng o Lc.
83. Thch Chn Gim dch, Th Lng Nghim, Linh sn Pht hc Nghin cu hi.
84. Thch Thin Hoa dch, Kinh Kim Cng, Hng o xut bn, 1967.
85. Thch Tr Tnh dch, Kinh i Bt Nit Bn, tp 1&2.
86. Th Lng Nghim, Vit Nam Pht t hi xb, q. 1.
87. Thin Phong Lo Nhn (Triu T Trn ), Tnh Mnh Php
Quyt

88. Thin Tin Chnh L

85

89. Thin Tin Chnh L Trc Lun

90. Thi Hi Phm , Nhp Dc knh ,
91. Thng Thin B Th
92. Thng Phm an Php
93. Tng Bn Thp Tam Kinh
94. Tng Long Uyn , o c Kinh Ging Ngha
95. Trang T, Nam Hoa Kinh .
96. Trn Trng Kim, ng Thi.
97. Trn Trng Kim, Vit Nam S Lc, quyn I.
98. Trc C Tham Chng .
99. Trng K Qun , Trung Hoa Ng Thin Nin S , quyn 3.
100. Trng B oan (T Dng Chn Nhn ), Ng Chn Thin
101. Tu Chn Bin Nn Tin Bin.
102. T Nguyn
103. T th .
104. T Thanh Ch Huyn Tp
105. Tng B Tim , Ch T Thng Kho
106. Tu Chnh Lc
107. Uyn Gim Loi Hm
108. V Minh Tr dch, ng Chu Lit Quc.
109. Xng o Chn Ngn .
LINKS

Lo T o c Kinh:
The Way and Its Power James Legge Richard Wilhelm (c) Walter Jerven (c)
Charles Muller Lo T o c Kinh ch Trin Lo T trc gin Quch im (1) (2)

86