Adamson University

College of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Experiment No. 2
Spectral Analysis of Signal Harmonics

Monday 2:00-5:00
December 12, 2016
Group No. 5
Members: Panganiban, Benhur
Panlican, Arvin Nico
Raz, John Benedict E.
Valencia, James Matthew

Engineer Rudy M. Siguenza

I.

Objectives
1. To verify noise in communication
2. To explore the concept of harmonics in communication
3. To explore the uses and function of a spectrum analyzer

II.

Set-up
XSA1
XFG1
IN T

COM

XWM1

XSC1
R1
1k

Tektronix
P
G

III.

1 2 3 4

Data and Results

Measured
Frequency

Measured
Voltage
(rms)

Measured
Power

fo

10.029 kHz

8.739 V

76.3 mW

f3

29.992kHz

2.978 V

8.868 mW

f5

49.954 kHz

1.718 V

2.952 mW

Total Power in mW (measured) = 88.190 mW

Total Power in mW from wattmeter =

99.988 mW

(Spectrum Analyzer)

(Oscilloscope Reading)

IV.

Analysis

In the first part of the experiment, we set-up and adjust the

required parameters of the experiment. We checked on the
oscilloscope and verified that the amplitude is 10 V. Next was
getting the different voltages and frequency of the 3 fundamental
signals wherein at10.029 kHz the voltage is 8.739 V with a power of
76.3 mW. At 29.992kHz it was 2.978 V and 8.868 mW. Finally, at
49.954 kHz it was 1.718 V with 2.952 mW. By getting these data, we
compared the measured power and from the wattmeter with a
reading of 88.190 mW, 99.988 mW respectively. Thus, its clearly
seen that the graph or reading is a saw tooth wave form and the
first oscillation is degrading with respect to time or frequency.

V.

Conclusion

In this experiment, the results were in spectral graph wherein

sinusoidal and cosine waves were combined mathematically. The
graph was observed in the spectrum analyzer and the saw tooth
wave form were identified as the noise in communication. It is a
random disturbance caused by circuit components, electromagnetic
interference, or weather conditions. Moreover, the lowest component
of the waveform is known as the fundamental, and the others are
HARMONICS. The second harmonic is twice the fundamental
frequency, the third harmonic is three times the fundamental
frequency, and so forth.

VI.

Recommendation

The students should fully understand the important aspects and

basic function of a spectrum analyzer and harmonics. Thus, it will
help you make more accurate measurements and give you
confidence that you are interpreting the results correctly.