Prepared by Dr. Che Norma Mat Taib and Mdm Saleha Masrudin, Dept. of Human Anatomy, FMHS, UPM.

DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
FACULTY OF MEDICINE & HEALTH SCIENCES
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
SPP 3512 Musculoskeletal System
SCL #2 Head and Neck
Date: 14th November 2016

Time: 8 10 am

1. Explain the clinical significance of the deep cervical fascia in neck region.
2. How the neck is divided. Explain the number of triangles in neck (including the
boundaries and contents of each triangle).
3. With a diagram discuss the lymphatic drainage of the head and neck.
4. Discuss the differences between spasmodic torticollis and congenital torticollis.
5. Regarding the temporomandibular joint.
i) State the type and articulating parts of the joint.
ii) List the movements of TMJ and state the muscles involve in each action.

6. Regarding the orbit and orbital contents:

a. A man suffered from a blowout fracture (indirect traumatic injury) that
displaced his right orbital walls. State the nasal sinuses that may involve
in the fracture of medial and inferior orbital wall respectively.
b. Implantation of prosthetic eye is always recommended after an eye is
surgically removed due to disease or damage. What is the role of the
cuplike fascial sheath of the eyeball (Tenon) during this operation? After
the surgery, why is coordinated movement of a properly fitted artificial
eye is possible?
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Prepared by Dr. Che Norma Mat Taib and Mdm Saleha Masrudin, Dept. of Human Anatomy, FMHS, UPM.

7. Regarding to the extraocular muscle and ocular movements.

a. List the muscle involve in each type of eye movement and their nerve
supply.
b. State the movement of eye related to the axes.
c. Testing eye muscle movements is a preliminary part of a comprehensive
eye examination. This test is often referred to as extraocular
movements testing or ocular motility testing. The patient need sit up
straight with fixate the eye to the object that will be moved up and down
and side to side using an "H-shaped" pattern. With the help of diagram,
briefly explained the action of the external ocular muscles during the
test.
d. Normally the movements of the eye are symmetrical, so the visual axes
meet at the point at which eyes are directed. The disturbances of ocular
movement are related to the nerve lesions. List the outcome when each
nerve is damaged.
8. Regarding the middle ear:
a. Labelled the figure below and name the structure related to its medial,
lateral and anterior walls.

b. List the contents.

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Prepared by Dr. Che Norma Mat Taib and Mdm Saleha Masrudin, Dept. of Human Anatomy, FMHS, UPM.

c. A 4-year old boy had four episodes of otitis media over the past year.
Why children are tend to develop more ear infections than adults?
d. Mastoiditis can develop if the mastoid cells become infected or inflamed
and it is more commonly in children. It is potentially dangerous, lifethreatening result of the spread of bacteria to the neighbouring
structures.
i. Name ONE (1) cranial nerve that is of conscious of surgeon during
operation for mastoiditis.
ii. Name TWO (2) cranial fossae that are related to the mastoid air
cells
iii. If left untreated, mastoiditis may also cause temporal lobe or
cerebellar abscesses. Briefly explain.
e. Stapedius is the smallest voluntary (striated) muscle of the body.
i. Name its nerve supply.
ii. What is the function of this muscle?
iii. What will happen to someone with paralysis of the stapedius?