TC DK 20110522071434

tIN TC - S KIN
Th tng Nguyn Tn Dng v on i biu cp cao thm nh my lc du Mina Abdullah
Petrovietnam tng cng hp tc u t

vi cc nc khu vc Trung ng
rong nhng thng u
nm nay, ng ch
inh La Thng y
vin TW ng, B th ng u,
Ch tch HQT Petrovietnam Thnh vin chnh thc ca on
cp cao Chnh ph ta do Th
tng Nguyn Tn Dng dn
u ti thm chnh thc cc
nc khu vc Trung ng bao
gm: Cc tiu vng quc Rp
(UAE) t ngy 15/2-18/2; Nh
nc Ca-ta t ngy 7/3-10/3 v
Nh nc C-ot t ngy 10/312/3.
Trong cc cuc tip xc,
lnh o cc nc ny u by
t khm phc cuc u tranh anh
dng v c lp t do ca nhn
dn ta trc y cng nh
nhng thnh tu to ln m Vit
Nam t c trong cng
cuc i mi hn 20 nm qua.
Th tng Nguyn Tn
Dng v lnh o cc nc trn
trao i su rng, ci m,
thn tnh v nht tr cao v nhiu
bin php c th nhm thc y
quan h song phng vi tng
nc trn nhiu lnh vc nh:
Du kh, ti chnh, lao ng,
nng nghip
c bit trong lnh vc du
kh Th tng Nguyn Tn Dng
ngh cc cp lnh o nh
nc
Ca-ta
cho
php
Petrovietnam c tham gia cc
d n du kh v u t xy
dng nh my sn xut phn
m ng thi mi Ca-ta tham
gia u t vo cc d n du kh
ti Vit Nam theo tinh thn tho
thun hp tc gia Petrovietnam
v Cng ty Du kh Quc gia Cata k cui nm 2007. Trong
cc bui hi m vi Th tng,
hi kin Quc vng, tip B

trng Du m C-ot v thm
nh my lc du Mina Abdullah,
Th tng Nguyn Tn Dng v
on i biu cp cao Chnh ph
ta cng lnh o cc cp ca nh
nc C-ot cho rng du kh
l lnh vc hp tc ang pht
trin tch cc gia Vit Nam v
C-ot. Hin Tng cng ty Du
kh quc t C-ot (KPI) v
Petrovietnam ang cng cc i
tc Nht Bn l Cng ty Ho cht
(MCI) v Cng ty Idemitsu Kosan
(IKC) trin khai d n nh my
lc du Nghi Sn (Thanh Ho).
Nh my t khu kinh t
Nghi Sn, khi hon thnh vo
nm 2013 s c cng sut
200.000 thng du mi ngy
tng ng cng sut 10 triu
tn/nm. Pha Vit Nam gp vn
25,1%. KPI v IKC cng gp vn
du kh - S 3/2009
tIN TC - S KIN
35,1% cn li MCI gp 4,7%. Pha C-ot s

cung cp ton b nhu cu du th ca nh
my vo khong 10 triu tn mi nm theo giai
on u v tng ln 20 triu tn khi m rng
d n. Tng mc u t ca nh my lc du
Nghi Sn l 6,2 t USD.
C th ni vi kt qu tt p ca chuyn
thm cc nc Trung ng ca on cp cao
Chnh ph ta to cho Petrovietnam c nhiu c

hi tng cng hp tc u t vi cc
nc khu vc ny, nhm thc hin chng
trnh hp tc u t ra nc ngoi ca Tp
on c Chnh ph cc nc ph
duyt.
Tin v nh: BO CNG
Vit Nam - Chu Phi

Y MNH HP TC TRONG LNH VC DU KH
gy 5/3/2009 B Cng thng
c Quyt nh s 1133/Q-BCT
thc hin chng trnh hnh ng Quc gia
thc y quan h Vit Nam - chu Phi ca
Chnh ph giai on 2008 - 2010.
Mc tiu ca chng trnh l thc y
hp tc kinh t, thng mi vi th trng
chu Phi, y mnh xut khu nhng mt
hng Vit Nam c li th, tng cng cc
bin php trao i thng mi hai chiu
gim chi ph vn ti, nng cao nng lc cnh
tranh, a dng ho ngnh hng xut khu v
nhp khu, ch trng vic nhp khu nguyn
liu t chu Phi nht l du kh v g.
Theo chng trnh ca B Cng
thng, Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
(Petrovietnam) tch cc m phn v tham

gia cc hot ng hp tc u t trong lnh
vc tm kim thm d v khai thc vi cc
nc c tim nng v du kh chu Phi nh
Ai Cp, Marc, Libi, Camrun, Nigiria
tm kim cc c hi hp tc mi. Bn cnh
, Petrovietnam m rng cc hot ng du
kh thng qua vic tng cng hot ng tip
xc, thm d vi cc i tc ti cc nc m
ta c tho thun hp tc v tch cc trin
khai cc d n k kt. Qua ,
Petrovietnam s a dng ho ngun nhp
khu du th, LPG nhm phc v chin lc
an ninh nng lng Quc gia.
THANH VN
Petrovietnam v Petronic k Tho thun hp tc

hn li mi ca ngi Francisco Lopez
Centeno, y vin Trung ng ng Mt
trn dn tc gii phng Sandino, Ch tch Tng
cng ty Du kh Quc gia Nicaragua, trong cc
ngy 22-23 thng 3 nm 2009, ng inh La
Thng, y vin Trung ng ng, Ch tch Hi
ng Qun tr Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
(Petrovietnam) dn u on Lnh o cp cao
ca Tp on v mt s n v thnh vin
n cng tc v lm vic ti Nicaragua.
Ti th Nicaragua, on cng tc ca
Petrovietnam c cc bui lm vic vi Tng
cng ty Du kh Quc gia Nicaragua, B Nng
lng v Khai m, Vin Nng lng Nicaragua
tho lun cc c hi hp tc. Chiu
du kh - S 3/2009
23/3/2009, Petrovietnam v Tng cng ty Du

kh Quc gia Nicaragua (Petronic) k Tha
thun Hp tc tng th trong lnh vc du kh v
Tha thun Nghin cu chung nh gi tim
nng du kh mt s l ngoi khi Nicaragua
di s chng kin ca Tng thng Nicaragua
Daniel Ortega.
Nicaragua nm khu vc Trung - Nam M,
ni Petrovietnam ang c chin lc y mnh
tm kim cc c hi u t mi. Ti khu vc
ny, Tp on c cc hp ng du kh ti
Cu Ba, Venezuela, Peru v ang tip tc tm
kim cc d n khc.
DUY HIU
Petrovietnam
Chn chnh cng tc an ton lao ng trong ngnh Du kh

gy 17/3/2009, Tng gim c Tp on
Trn Ngc Cnh c ch th chn chnh
cng tc an ton lao ng trong ngnh Du kh
nhm nng cao phng nga tai nn lao ng v
bo m sc kho cho ngi lao ng, gp phn
n nh sn xut.
Tp on yu cu cc n v t chc kim tra,
gim st, khc phc ngay cc iu kin mt an ton
ti cc khu vc nguy him, cc trang thit b bo v
c nhn c cp pht cho ngi lao ng phi
m bo cht lng v bt buc ngi lao ng
phi s dng trong khi lm vic. y mnh cng tc
ph bin gio dc, hun luyn php lut lao ng v
bo h lao ng, an ton lao ng cho ngi s
dng lao ng v ngi lao ng, ng thi pht
ng phong tro thi ua lm tt cng tc bo h lao
ng, an ton lao ng n tn cc n v sn xut,

cc cng trnh trng im. Tng gim c, Gim
c cc n v cn kin quyt c hnh thc k lut
i vi cc trng hp vi phm cc quy nh v an
ton lao ng, thc hin nghim tc quy nh bo
co nhanh cc trng hp tai nn, s c v phi
tham gia vo qu trnh iu tra tai nn lao ng,
nguyn nhn xy ra tai nn lao ng phi c
ph bin n CBCNV trong ton n v rt kinh
nghim. Ban An ton Sc kho Mi trng ca Tp
on chu trch nhim t chc kim tra cng tc an
ton lao ng ti cc n v, yu cu khc phc ti
ch cc thiu st v an ton lao ng, kin ngh vic
x l cc trng hp vi phm nghim trng cng
tc an ton lao ng.
THANH VN
Khi cng xy dng D n kho cha kh du m ho lng (LPG)

v Trm xut xe bn Dung Qut
gy 16/3, ti Khu cng nghip pha ngKhu kinh t Dung Qut, thuc x Bnh
Thun, huyn Bnh Sn (Qung Ngi),
Tng cng ty Kh Vit Nam (PV GAS) t chc khi
cng xy dng D n kho cha kh du m ho
lng (LPG) v Trm xut xe bn Dung Qut vi tng
mc u t ban u 226,6 t ng.
D n c trin khai xy dng trn din tch
t 6,3 hecta bao gm: 2 bn cu cha LPG vi
tng sc cha 2.000 tn v cc thit b i km nh:
H thng xut LPG cho xe bn, h thng cu cn,
my pht in d phng, h thng cu ho, h
thng in - in iu khin, h thng ng ng
cng ngh. Gii php cng ngh c chn l cng
ngh tin tin vi kin trc cng nghip hin i,
cc h thng c y tnh nng v lun tun th
cc tiu chun, qui phm ca quc t v Vit Nam
nhm m bo qu trnh hot ng ca kho an
ton, hiu qu, ng b vi trang thit b ca nh
my lc du Dung Qut. D n do Tng cng ty C
phn Xy lp Du kh Vit Nam xy lp v nh thu
thit k bn v thi cng l Worley Parsons
Petrovietnam Engineering JSC.
D n ny nhm tip nhn v phn phi trc

tip sn phm LPG t nh my lc du Dung Qut
cho khu vc duyn hi Nam Trung B v Ty
Nguyn, gp phn tch cc vo vic iu tit, bnh
n th trng LPG trong nc. Vi vic kt ni trc
tip vi nh my lc du Dung Qut, d n s tng
cng sut cha LPG ti ch, gp phn m bo
cho nh my vn hnh lin tc, n nh v tng
mc d tr. Khi cng trnh a vo khai thc, hng
nm s ng gp ng k cho ngn sch nh nc
v gp phn pht trin kinh t - x hi ca tnh
Qung Ngi. D kin d n s c hon thnh
vo qu I nm 2010.
D n kho cha LPG Dung Qut cng vi cc
kho cng LPG ti cc tnh, thnh ph ca PV GAS
North v PV GAS South (l hai n v thnh vin
ca PV GAS) v d n kho cng LPG lnh u mi
ti B Ra- Vng Tu s c khi cng vo cui
nm 2009 s hnh thnh c bn mng li h tng
phn phi LPG ca PV GAS, khng nh v tr dn
u ca PV GAS ti th trng ni a trong lnh vc
kinh doanh sn phm kh, gp phn quan trng vo
vic m bo an ninh nng lng trong nc.
NG LM
du kh - S 3/2009
tIN TC - S KIN
TNG CNG TY PV DRILLING BN GIAO 25 CN NH

I ON KT CHO CC H NGHO CN TH
gy 23/03/2009, Tng cng ty c
phn Khoan v Dch v khoan
Du kh (PV Drilling) chnh thc bn
giao 25 cn nh i on kt cho cc
h dn c hon cnh kh khn x
Thi Thnh, TP. Cn Th. y l t
bn giao nh i on kt nm trong
k hoch trao tng 207 cn nh i
on kt cho cc h c hon cnh
kh khn ti cc tnh B Ra-Vng
Tu, Cn Th, Hu Giang v Tin
Giang ca PV Drilling.
n tham d L bn giao nh c
ng nh Luyn Ch tch Hi
ng Qun tr i din Ban lnh o
ca Tng cng ty PV Drilling v cc
i din ca chnh quyn x Thi
Thnh, TP. Cn Th, U ban Mt trn T quc TP.
Cn Th cng cc i din bo, i a phng.
Theo Tng cng ty PV Drilling, nm 2009, Tng
cng ty s tip tc chung vai chia s kh khn vi
cng ng thng qua cc hot ng an sinh x hi.

y l mt trong nhng ngha c cao p, th hin
vn ha tng thn tng i, v cng ng ca
Tng cng ty PV Drilling.
THI HA
on doanh nghip trong ngnh nng lng H Lan

kho st c hi kinh doanh v u t ti Vit Nam
ngy 30/3 n ngy 2/4/2009, 15
doanh nghip trong ngnh cng
nghip/cng ngh nng lng-du kh thuc
Hip hi Cng nghip H Lan - FME s i kho
st v lm vic ti Vit Nam.
Mt s doanh nghip thnh vin tham gia
on u t v kinh doanh ti th trng
Vit Nam nh: Vopak LNG Holding BV u t
cng v h thng kho cha kh ho lng, du
v ho cht ti Tp. H Ch Minh v ng Nai;
Van Oord Ottshore B.V: Xy dng h thng k chn sng ti Lin hp Lc du Dung Qut;
Haskoning Nederland BV: Mt s cng trnh
qun l di ven b
du kh - S 3/2009
Trong thi gian lm vic ti H Ni (ngy 30

v 31/3/2009) v thnh ph H Ch Minh (ngy
1-2/4/2009), on c k hoch gp lnh o B
Cng thng, lnh o U ban Nhn dn thnh
ph H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh; thm v
lm vic vi mt s i tc chnh ca Vit Nam
trong lnh vc k thut, cng ngh nng lng
v dch v du kh nh Vietsovpetro, PTSC
Ngoi ra, on s t chc hai cuc gp kt ni
vi doanh nghip Vit Nam ti H Ni (ngy
31/3/2009) v thnh ph H Ch Minh (ngy
1/4/2009).
THANH VN
Petrovietnam
TIN TH GII
Hn Quc k tha thun hp tc vi Iraq
hnh ph Hn Quc v Iraq
k mt tha thun hp
tc song phng tr gi 3,55 t
la, theo Hn Quc s gip
quc gia vng Vnh ti thit
t nc, i li i tc vng
ng Bc s c php khai
thc du kh trn lnh th Iraq.
Tha thun gia hai bn
c k vo hi cui thng 2
gia Tng thng Hn Quc l
Lee Myung v ngi ng
nhim pha Iraq-Jalal Talabani.
Seoul s cung cp cc gi u
t, cc gii php k thut nhm
xy dng li h thng h tng
c s Iraq, d nhin cng bao
gm h thng khai thc v vn
chuyn du kh. V ngc li,
Bagda s to iu kin v mt
th tc cng nh qu t cho
cc nh u t Hn Quc mun
tham gia vo vic khai thc ti
nguyn ti Iraq. c bit, pha
Hn Quc mun c thm giy
php tip cn Basra, ni cha
ti 70% ti nguyn du m ca
Iraq. Hin ti, Iraq l quc gia
c tr lng du th ln th ba
th gii, ch sau Arabia Saudi
v Nga.
Pht ngn vin chnh ph
Hn Quc, ng Lee Dong-kwan
ni y ch l mt tha thun
nh bi v n cho php chng ta
s c thm 2 t thng du th,
m theo tnh ton ch p ng
c nhu cu ca Hn Quc
trong vng 3 nm. Hn Quc l

mt quc gia nhp khu nng
lng ln khu vc chu .
thi im hin ti, Hn Quc
tiu th mi nm 870 triu thng
du th.
Nh vy, tip theo cc
ng thi tng t ca cc
quc gia lng ging l Trung
Quc v Nht Bn, Hn Quc
cng ang n lc gim bt s
ph thuc vo du t cc ngun
nhp khu khc.
c bit, li nhun t
du th xut khu chim 98%
ngn sch ca Iraq.
HONG ANH
Theo Bloomberg
Venezuela tng cng hp tc vi Trung Quc trong lnh vc du kh

enezuela tha thun vi Trung
Quc v vic tng cng pht trin
khai thc du kh quc gia Nam M
vi hy vng tng nhanh lng xut khu du th
vo Trung Quc.
Hi cui thng 2, Bc Kinh chp nhn
ng gp 8 t la trong tng s 12 t la cho
mt qu lin doanh gia chnh ph hai nc dnh
cho vic pht trin h thng khai thc du kh
Venezuela vi hy vng ci thin gi tr xut khu t
Venezuela vo Trung Quc cng nh tng cng
nng lc sn xut ca cng ty du kh quc gia
Petroleos de Venezuela SA.
Tng thng Venezuela Hugo Chavez cam
kt cung cp du cho Trung Quc vi sn
lng du th xut khu s t 1 triu thng/ngy
cho ti nm 2015. Hin ti Trung Quc nhp
khong 350.000 thng/ngy t Venezuela. y ch

l mt trong nhiu s kin hp tc gia hai bn
trong lnh vc du kh c k kt. Nm 2006,
Tng thng Chavez ti Trung Quc k kt mt
hp ng u t trong lnh vc pht trin nng
lng v giao thng tr gi 11 t la. Nm ngoi,
cc cng ty du kh hai nc k tha thun hp
tc tr gi 10 t la nhm pht trin m du
Orinoco, mt trong nhng m ln ca Venezuela.
Quan h gia hai nc ngy cng cht ch
nh vo nhng chuyn tu ch du xut khu
Venezuela a n cc bn cng ca Trung Quc
i lc, trong khi sn lng du t Venezuela
vo Hoa K ngy cng gim. Hin ti Hoa K vn
l nh nhp khu du th nhiu nht ca
Venezuela.
HOI THU
Theo Yahoo.News
du kh - S 3/2009
tIN TC - S KIN
Iran c th s bn du th trng Nga

c quan chc Iran thng bo, Iran
c th s bn mt phn du th
khai thc c trn sn giao dch St.
Petersburg ca Nga. y l mt trong
nhng ng thi nhm tng cng hp tc
gia hai nc trong vic a dng ha th
trng cung cp nng lng ra ton cu.
Pha Nga xut Iran cn nhc v
kh nng bn mt phn du ca mnh trn
Sn giao dch thng mi St. Petersburg
B trng Nng lng Nga Sergei Shmatko
pht biu Chng ti tin rng y l li
ngh chn thnh th hin s hp tc ton
din gia Nga v Iran trong cc vn nng
lng, v hn na, chng ti s cng hp
tc vi nhau trong vic bn kh t cho cc
bn hng chu u.
Iran l quc gia s hu ngun kh thin
nhin ln th hai th gii ch sau Nga. Cn
v tr lng du, Iran ng th 3 sau Saudi
Arabia v Canada.
Thng 12 nm ngoi, ti Moscow, Iran
v Nga thng nht v mt nguyn tc l
s thnh lp mt t chc tng t nh
OPEC nhng trong lnh vc xut khu kh t
nhin. Hi u thng, b trng du m Iran
c tnh doanh thu t xut khu du ca
Iran t u nm cho n 20 thng 3 s vo
khong 69 t la.
HOI THU
Theo UPI
Trung Quc xy dng nh my ha du

3 t la vo nm sau
p on Du kh Quc gia Trung
Quc (CNPC) v cng ty du la
Rosneft ca Nga d kin s hp tc xy
dng mt nh my lc du tnh Thin
Tn, pha Bc Trung Quc. c bit,
thit k chi tit ca nh my lc du c
cng sut 200.000 thng mt ngy s
sm c chnh ph Trung Quc thng
qua vo cui nm nay.
Rosneft v CNPC k tha thun
hp tc d n t thng 3 nm 2006
nhm xy mi v tng cng cng sut
lc ha du quc gia ng dn nht
th gii.
Theo thit k, nh my lc du c
du kh - S 3/2009
xy dng trong khu cng nghip Bnh Hi

khu cng nghip trng im ca tnh
Thin Tn, v s sm hon thnh vo
nm 2012.
Trung Quc l quc gia s dng
nng lng ln th 2 th gii, ch sau
M. Thng trc, Trung Quc ng
cho Nga vay mt khong tin tr gi 25
t la i ly quyn nhp khu du
ca Nga trong vng 20 nm.
HONG LONG
Theo Peakoil
Petrovietnam
Nigeria mong mun ci cch ngnh du kh

hnh ph Nigeria cam kt s c
nhng thay i ln trong ngnh
du kh trong bi cnh quc gia ny i e
da bi nhng cuc tn cng qun s ca
phe ni lon nhm vo khu vc nhiu du
vng ng bng Niger.
Pht biu trc nhng nh u t ti

cuc hi tho din ra Lagos, B trng
Du m Nigeria Rilwanu Lukman ni rng,
cc nh lm lut ang nghin cu v mt
chng trnh ci cch ngnh du m theo
cho php thm nhiu thnh phn khc
trong x hi c tham gia gp vn v
thnh lp lin doanh vi Cng ty Du kh
Quc gia Nigeria.
Odein Ajumogobia, B trng Ti
nguyn du m Nigeria cho bit ngnh

du m nc ny ang phi i mt vi
tnh trng bo lc v km nng sut,
khin cho sn lng khai thc gim gn
25% so vi thi im nh l 2,5
thng/ngy. ng ni Chng ti phi ci
thin cng sut khai thc nu nh mun
thu ht cc nh u t. Chng ti cho rng
nu nh cc quy nh hin ti c bi b
th s l liu thuc kch thch cho ngnh
cng nghip du kh pht trin. Hin ti,
mc khai thc mi ngy ca Nigeria vo
khong 1,88 triu thng.
HONG LONG
Theo New York Times
S c h thng dn kh xuyn qua sa mc Sahara

otal SA ca Php v Gazprom
ca Nga s lin doanh xy dng
mt h thng dn kh di 2.734 dm
xuyn qua sa mng Sahara. H thng
ny s vn chuyn kh t nhin t quc
gia Chu Phi Nigeria cho ti tn chu u,
v d kin s vn hnh vo nm 2015.
Sahara l sa mc ln nht th gii
vi din tch hn 9.000.000 km, xp x
din tch ca Hoa K v Trung Quc. Vic
xy dng h thng dn kh y s
khng d dng, mt phn do yu t thi
tit v mt phn do c s h tng vng
sa mc hoang ha ch c 2,5 triu dn
ny ch l con s khng. Ngoi ra cn
phi k n nhng bt n chnh tr qun
s ti nc s ti l Nigeria trong thi
gian va qua.
Theo tnh ton, chi ph ca d n

s vo khong 12 t la v s l mt
phn trong ca tng s pht trin kh
t nhin ca Nigeria cng b trc
y. H thng kh ny, c tn gi khc l
NIGAL, s i qua cc quc gia Nigeria,
Algeri, kt ni vi h thng GALSI ca
Italia v h thng di lng nc bin
Medgaz ca Ty Ban Nha.
Khi c hon thnh, h thng
ng ng xuyn sa mc ny s c cng
sut truyn ti l 30 t cubic kh mi
nm.
NGC HNG
Theo Oilvoice
du kh - S 3/2009
tIN TC - S KIN
BP GIM MC TIU KHAI THC
p on Du kh ln nht nc Anh
British Petroleum, gi tt l BP, gim
mc tiu khai thc so vi chin lc ra
trong tnh hnh nhu cu tiu th nhin liu gim
mnh.
Sn lng khai thc hiu chnh ca BP
trong nm 2009 s vo khong 4,1 triu thng
mi ngy so vi 4,3 triu thng d kin trc
. Hin nay, c tnh mi ngy BP bm vo
th trng 3,9 triu thng du.
S lao dc ca gi du th trn th trng
k t hi thng 7 nm ngoi to ra nhiu
thch thc kh khn cho ngnh cng nghip
du m. Tony Hayward, Gim c iu hnh
BP cho bit, hin nay ang c rt nhiu d n
ang tr thnh gnh nng ca cc cng ty du
m v chng khng sinh li trong khi chi ph
u t tng ln gp i k t nm 2004.
Tuy nhin, i vi cc c ng, BP s duy tr

ch tr c tc cao hng nm nhm gi gn
lng tin t gii u t.
Cuc khng hong kinh t cng c mt
tch cc, gi c cng nh chi ph u t cho
nhiu d n cng ang gim dn. BP d tnh
s u t khong 20 n 21 t la cho cc
d n u t ca nm nay. Nhng gim c
iu hnh Hayward hy vng BP c th tit kim
c khong 2 t la.
Nm 2008, tng tr lng pht hin mi
ca BP l 1,7 t thng du quy i, tng
ng vi 21% sn lng khai thc cng k.
Nu nh khng c thm nhng pht hin mi
th tr lng ca cc m hin ti ca BP s
vo khong 18,2 t thng du, cho BP duy
tr hot ng khai thc t nay cho n 2020.
NGC HNG
Theo Oilvoice
Thnh lp hip hi cc nh sn xut

nhin liu ethanol
Mc tiu ca Hip hi sn
xut nhin liu ti to ton cu
(tn ting Anh l Global
Renewable
Fuels
Alliance,
GRFA) l nhm thc y cc
chnh sch thn thin vi loi
nhin liu sinh hc v pht trin
cc ng dng v cng ngh mi.
T chc ny bao gm cc
thnh vin t 29 quc gia thuc
khu vc Nam M v chu u.
Thng co ca GRFA ni r, Cc
thnh vin ca Hip hi s tn ty
vi vic a ra th trng cc sn
phm nhin liu ti to gn gi
vi mi trng nht c th.
Ti hi tho, cc nh lnh
Xng sinh hc s l nhin liu ca tng lai
o ca hip hi s tip tc bn
lun v vic ku gi C quan bo
v Mi trng Hoa K chp
c nh sn xut nhin liu sinh hc
thun
cho
php
a thm 10 phn trm
thng bo s thnh lp lin minh gia
ethanol
vo
xng
t.
cc nh sn xut v bu ra lnh o trong mt
NGC HNG
cuc hi tho c t chc ti Texas, Hoa K.
Theo Energy Digger
du kh - S 3/2009
Petrovietnam
GI DU TRN TH TRNG TH GII

Gi du th sau khi t mc k lc 145-147 USD/th (du Brent v WTI) vo ngy 11/7 th bt u gim
tng tht thng theo xu hng gim u cho n cui thng 12/2008, mc gim c k khong 105 USD
mi thng, xung mc di 40 USD/th. Trong thng 1 v 2/2009, gi du tng gim tht thng quanh
mc 40 USD/th.
Gi sn phm du v LPG tng gim theo gi du th.
1. Bin ng gi mt s loi du th (USD/th)
Loi du \Th/gian
Nh Bonny
Gi H k hn
Nh Arp M - cif
Nh Arp - EU-med
Nh Arp ng
-fob
* Trung bnh ca 7 loi du th xut khu chnh ca OPEC. PIW cng thng v thng sau
2. Bin ng gi sn phm du (USD/th, ring FO=USD/tn)

Loi\ Thng
Ghi ch: Spot, FOB Singapo; BTTT v PIW cung k

du kh - S 3/2009
tIN TC - S KIN
3. Bin ng gi kh du lng (LPG) (USD/tn)
Arp Xeut CP*

Nam Tr. Quc (Spot)
Nht. (Spot.)
Arp Xeut CP*

Nam Tr. Quc (Spot)
Nht. (Spot.)
Ghi ch: CP = Gi Contract Price do Aramco cng b v c nhiu khu vc ly lm c s tnh gi

xut/nhp khu LPG. LPGW cng thng v thng sau
Gi kh thin nhin trn th trng th gii tng gim nh
1. Gi kh TN ti cc s giao dch (USD/Tr. BTU)
Ti ICE - Lun n
Ngy giao dch
Ti Nymex, NewYork
Ngy giao dch
Ghi ch: Gi tnh cho im nhn NBP thuc Mng cao p Quc gia Anh v Henry Hub M. Ngun: WGI
T thng 12/08 n thng 3/09
10
du kh - S 3/2009
Petrovietnam
2. Gi kh TN ti bin gii cc nc Ty u thng 2/2009 (USD/triu BTU)

n/t
B
c
Ty Ban Nha
Ty Ban Nha
Ghi ch: * l kh thin nhin lng; WGI cng thng

3. Gi kh TN lng (LNG) chu (USD/Triu BTU)
Ngun
Nhp ca Nht
T Abu Dhabi
TB Cc ngun
Nhp ca Tr.Quc
T c
Nhp ca H/Quc
T Qatar
TB Cc ngun
Ghi ch: Gi cif iu chnh - WGI cng thng

Bin ng cc vn ti ng bin
1. Cc vn ti kh du lng (LPG)
Cc chuyn-Spot (USD/tn)
Loi tu
Cung
ng
Vnh BatNht Bn
Cui
Cui
Cui
Vnh BatNht Bn
du kh - S 3/2009
11
tIN TC - S KIN
2. Gi thu tu ch kh du lng thi hn 12 thng - (Nghn USD/thng)

Loi tu
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Tu 75-78.000 m3 mi
Tu 75.000 m3 c
Tu 54.000 m3
Tu 35.000 m3
Tu 12-15.000 m3
Tu 3.200m3 i Ty u
Tu 3.200m3 i Chu
EA Gibson - LPGW cng thng v thng sau
Gi ch to v thu cc loi gin khoan bin

Gi ch to gin - Gin khoan t nng Transocean
Nordic c bn cho Cng ty Gulf Petroleum
Investment ca C Ot vi gi 170 tr. USD. Gin
khoan c ging su 25.000 ft, ni bin su ti
300 ft. Gin ang c thu khoan ngoi khi o
Sakhalin (Nga) vi gi 185.000 USD/ngy ti u
nm 2009 (UN 16/1).
Gi thu gin Cng ty ch gin Transocean (M)
cho rng gi thu gin khoan chu ang cao hn
Chu Phi v h quyt nh a gin khoan na
chm Kirk Rhein t chu Phi sang chu cho d hp
ng thu khoan Philippine vi gi 550.000
USD/ng b hu b. Nm ngoi, gin c thu
khoan bin Mozambique vi gi 362.000 USD/ng
cho n u nm 2009 (UN 16/1).
Gi thu gin khoan Gin khoan na chm mi
ng West Hercule c nh thu Husky Energy
ca Canada thu khoan bin Hoa Nam, Trung
Quc vi gi 524.000 USD/ngy k t thng 1/2009.
Gin hin ang khoan trn m kh Liwan, ni bin
su 1.500m. Husky c k hoch khoan 18 ging trn
m kh ny trong 3 nm 2009-2011 (PIW 2/3).
- Bn gin khoan t nng bin nng ca Rowan
(M) c cng ty Aramco ca Arp X t gia
hn thu 1 nm, bt u t thng 4/2009 vi n gi
110.000 USD/ngy. Va qua, Rowan hu b k
hoch t ng mi 3 gin khoan t nng cho bin
nng (loi 240-C v Super 116E). Theo k hoch ban
u, ba gin ny s c ng trong nm nay v
hon thnh vo nm 2010 (UN 30/1).
Gin na chm h tr khoan West Pelaut ca
12
du kh - S 3/2009
Seardrill c cng ty Brunei Shell Petroleum

(BSP) gia hn thu 5 nm vi n gi 140.000
USD/ng., bt u t thng 4/2009. Gin c ng
nm 1994 v c BSP thu t n nay (UN
12/12).
Gin khoan na chm th h 6 mi ng West
Hercules c nh thu Husky Energy thu
khoan bin Hoa Nam vi n gi 524.000 USD/ng,
bt u t thng 12/2008. Gin s khoan ni nc
su 3.000m (UN 21/11).
- Tu khoan mi ng Platinum Explorer c cng
ty khoan Vangtage Drilling (M) cho cho cng ty
ONGC ca n thu 5 nm vi gi 730.000
USD/ngy k t cui 2010. Hai bn ang bn tho
hp ng. Vantage cho rng gi thu cao l v tu c
trang b h thng bm trm xi mng v xe t hnh
y bin iu khin t xa m thng thng cc tu
khoan khc khng c. Tu khoan c mc nc
ti 12.000ft (UN 21/11).
- Gin khoan t nng Ensco 89 v Ensco 93 ca
cng ty ch gin Ensco International (M) c
cng ty Pemex ca Mehico thu khoan 3 nm vnh
Mehico vi n gi ln lt l 150.000 v 165.000
USD/ngy bt u t thng 2/2009. Trc , Ensco
89 c Hall Houston thu khoan vnh M n ht
thng 12/2008 vi gi 85.000 USD/ngy. Hai gin
ny c thit k khoan mc nc 300ft. (UN
21/11).
- Gin khoan t nng mi ng Petrojack IV ca
cng ty khoan Petrojack (Na Uy) c cng ty
PTT ca Thi Lan thu 5 nm vi n gi khong
150.000 USD/ngy k t thng 2/2009. Gin do
xng Jurong Shipyard ca Singapore ng v ang
c hon thin (UN 21/11).
Petrovietnam
Gi thu - X lan cn cu hng nng Lewek Conqueror ca Emas Offshore Construction (Singapore)
c thu 5 nm (c th l Shell Brunei) vi gi 68 triu USD (n gi l 37.260 USD/ngy), bt u t thng
3/2009 phc v xy lp vng bin Brunei (UN 4/3).
Gi thu tu dch v gin
1. Gi thu tu dch v gin bin Ty Phi (1000 USD/ngy)
Loi tu
AHTS Hng nh
AHTS Hng trung
AHTS Hng nng
AHTS Hng siu nng
PSV Hng nh (<1.500)
PSV Hng trung (<2.900)
Ngun Chart Shipping, Barcelona (UN 10/3/09)

2. Gi thu tu dch v gin bin Bc
Thng Hai nm 2009 - (1000 BA/ngy)
Loi tu
AHTS Hng nh
AHTS Hng trung
AHTS Hng nng
AHTS Hng siu nng
PSV Hng nh (<1.500)
PSV Hng trung (<2.900)
PSV Hng nng (<2.900)
Tung (tu ko)
Tun 25/2 - 4/3
Seabroker, Stavanger (UN 10/3/09)
MAI LOAN
Bin tp
hoa chat viet tri
thm d - khai thc du kh
Kin to Mezo-Kainozoi
&s hnh thnh tng cha
mng nt n b Cu Long
TS. NG THNG SAN
TS. C MINH HONG
Tng cng ty Thm d Khai thc Du kh
Tm tt
Giai on to ni Nori-JuraCrta gn kt cc vi lc a
vo mng ln Eurasia k c a
khi Indosinia. S va mng ny
tng ng vi pha to ni un
np chnh ca chu k Indosini kt
qu l hnh thnh lot xm nhp
granitoid phn b rng khp Vit
Nam. Cc xm nhp ny nm
lt di cc b trm tch Tam
v b nt n, bin i do hot
ng kin to Mezozoi munKainozoi sm v tr thnh tng
cha du quan trng v i
tng khai thc ch yu b
Cu Long.
Lc a ng Nam gm
nhiu a khu kin to-a tng
c kt ni vi nhau sau nhiu
ln dp v ca siu lc a c
Pangea - lc a Gondwana v
nhiu ln m v khp li ca i
dng Tethys. Giai on va
mng to ni Nori-Jura-Crta
gn kt cc vi lc a vo mng
ln Eurasia k c a khi
Indosinia. S va mng ny tng
ng vi pha to ni un np
chnh ca chu k Indosini km
theo hot ng magma pht trin
khp trn bn o ng Dng,
to ai cung pluton-batholit granit

(220-150 tr.n) xuyn sut bn o
Malaisia, n Thi Lan, Vn Nam
v
Myanmar
(Hutchinson,
Gatinsky, 1989).
S chuyn ng to ni
Indosini cng lm hnh thnh lot
xm nhp granitoid phn b rng
khp Vit Nam. Thi k ny cng
trng vi pha pht trin tng dy
v dng tri ca v tri t. Trong
thi gian Jura sm n Crta
ton khu vc tip tc chu tc
ng ca chuyn ng nng-to
ni mun, hot ng t gy
trt bng v magma-un np
vi nhiu pha k tip nhau to
nn phc hp mng granitoid
nm lt di cc b trm tch
Tam ra ng-Nam thm lc a
Vit Nam.
Cc b rift Cu Long v
Nam Cn Sn c hnh thnh
vo Eoxen mun v pht trin
trn a khi gn kt Indosinia b
xuyn ct bi lot xm nhp
granit Mezozoi mun. Cc ny
b nt n v tr thnh tng cha
du quan trng v l i tng
khai thc ch yu b Cu Long.
b Cu Long tng cha
mng nt n thng tp trung
dy nng trung tm, cc khi
nng ra b v b ph bi lp trm
tch dy 1800-2000m.
Kin to Indosini v s hnh
thnh tng cha mng
Kin to Indosini ng vai
tr quan trng to cha v h
thng t gy v nt n i km.
Chng l khng gian cha hydrocarbon v cng l cc knh dn
du trong b Tam.
Thnh phn magma ca
cha trong mng
Cc mng b Cu
Long gm ch yu l cc
magma nh granit, granodiorit,
diorit thch anh, monzodiorit,
diorit, andesit v gabbro-diabaz,
ngoi ra cn c cc trm tch
bin cht.
So vi cc im l vng
ra cc ny c cc nh a
cht phn thnh cc nhm
(Hnh 1).
Cc xm nhp batholiths:
- Phc h Hn Khoai (183208 tr.n) tui t Trias n Jura
sm gm biotit granodiorit v granodiorit cha hornblend i km
c lot cc aic granit aplit di
dng cc mch ngn.
- Phc h nh Qun (100130 tr.n) tui t Jura mun n
du kh - S 3/2009
15
Crta sm gm diorit, gabbrodiorit, biotit granit, i km l cc

aic v phun tro ch yu l
andesit.
- Phc h o C (98 tr.n)
tui Crta gm granosyenit, biotit
granit, i km c cc phun tro
andesit-dacit, dacit.
- Phc h Ankroet (80 tr.n)
tui Crta mun. Phc h tr ny
thng l granit kim, granit hai
mica, microgranit, v granit porphyr, i km c cc aic v
phun tro rhyolit.
Cc thnh h phun tro:
- Phc h o Bo Lc Jura
mun.
- Phc h Nha Trang Crta
mun.
- Phc h n Dng Crta
mun.
Cc lot magma ny b
xuyn ct bi cc aic, mch v
cc sill phun tro gm:
- Phc h Phan Rang tui
Paleogen,(50-60 tr.n) vi thnh
phn granit porphyr, km vi
aic mach v phun tro rhyolit.
- Phc h C Mng tui
Oligoxen (30 tr.n) vi thnh phn
andesit, gabbro-diabaz.
Cc phc h ny c th
hin trn mt ct a chn di
dng cc thu knh, lp ph
andesit xen gia cc lc
nguyn thnh h Tr Tn v Bch
H sm tui Oligoxen v Mioxen
sm.
Cc ny c th gin hoc
do. gin ca c quan h
ph thuc vo tng , thnh
phn thch hc, c bit l t
phn thch anh/Felspar, trnh
bin cht, a nhit v p sut a
tnh, v trng ng sut khu vc.
Trong tng cha mng nt n
cc gin thng b ct bi nt
n rng hn l cc do. V
th, cht lng tng cha ca
cc granit lun c xem tt
hn cc diorit.
16
du kh - S 3/2009
S c mt ca cc khong
vt st v th sinh hnh thnh
trong qu trnh nhit dch thng
lm gim mt (s lng) v
rng ( m) ca nt n.
Nhn chung, cho d tng
Hnh 1. Phc h magma Mezozoi mun

v thnh phn thch hc (Ti liu PVEP)
Hnh 2. Bn cu trc Vit Nam v k cn
Petrovietnam
lun l yu t kim sot mt

, hnh thi, v s pht trin ca
h nt n nhng c th nhn
thy l mng nt n hiu dng
phn ln c ngun gc kin to
lin quan vi h t gy hoc i
km vi cc i ph hy kin to.
Cc t gy v h nt n lin
quan trong pha kin t o
Indosini mu
n
M hnh kin trc ca ra
ng-Nam cng nh ton a
khi Indosinia c khng ch
bi hai h t gy ch yu:
Hng Ty Bc-ng Nam v
ng Bc-Ty Nam tn ti song
song cn c hai xu th khc l
Bc-Nam v ng-Ty kt qu
do s tc ng ca nhiu pha
ng lc cng tch v nn p tng
t thay i hng (Hnh 2).
Mc d cc t gy kinh
tuyn t ph bin hn trong cc
b, nhng ng vai tr quan
trng trong h thng du kh v
phn i kin to ca khu vc.
Nhng t gy ny c c
tnh nhiu pha, c c ch hnh
thnh khc nhau v c thnh
to trong pha un np to ni
Indosini mun, hiu ng ca
trng ng lc c do vi mng lc
a rn chc Indosinia cn li lc
y ca vi mng Nam Trung Hoa
chuyn ng v Ty Nam vo
thi k Nori, lc nn va mng ca
ai un np to ni Sibumasu t
pha Ty vo Jura gia-mun, v
cng c th t lc y ca mng
Thi Bnh Dng di chuyn v
pha Ty vo Crta.
Cc t gy ny ti hot
ng tr li do s va mng ca
khi thc tri n vo mng
Eurasia dc i hi t Ty Tng
(kin to thc tri) v s tch m
ca bin ng vo thi k
Tam sm, dn n s hnh thnh
cc b trm tch cha hydrocarbon v cc by du trong tng
cha mng (Hnh 3).
Bnh a ng lc ca h
Hnh 3. S a ng lc ng Nam u-
(Theo m hnh kin to thc tri)
Hnh 4. Tin ha kin to Mezozoi mun ca a khi Indochina

(Trng ng lc c phng theo ti liu PVEP c hiu chnh)
t gy ny c trnh by
(Hnh 4) da trn kt qu nghin
cu ca TS. P.H.Long v
.H.Lnh.
Chuyn ng va mng to
ni Indosini c th chia thnh hai
pha: Pha chnh hay pha ng-to

ni xy ra vo Nori do s va
mng ca khi Indosinia vi Nam
Trung Hoa khp li rift Sng
v pha th hai l pha to ni
mun vo Jura-Crta kt qu ca
du kh - S 3/2009
17
Hnh 5. Hnh th hin t gy trt B-TN vi cc t gy

thun sinh km xp dng cnh g (Ngun PVEP)
chuyn ng nn p ca vi mng
Sibumasu v ai kin to ShanThai v pha ng, tc ng ln
ra Ty v Nam ca bn o
ng Dng to h thng t
gy v tch ch hng kinh
tuyn v v tuyn, cng nh cc
hng TB-N v B-TN. Nhng
hng ny khng ch khung cu
trc ca b v mng t gy
trong tng cha mng nt n
(Hnh 5).
Vo thi k Crta sm, a
khi Indosinia chu s tc ng
ca cc lc nn y cui cng do
s va mng gia cc khi ShanThai v Lhasa t pha Ty v s
va cung-mng ca mng Thi
Bnh Dng t pha ng, lm
hot ng li v tip tc duy tr
hng ng lc ca h t gy
tn ti trc v pht trin rng
khp cc thnh h magma granitoid kim v -kim.
Tip sau chuyn ng to
ni un np Indosini l giai on
sau-un np Crta munPaleoxen sm vi s tng dy v
tri t, s dng vm khu vc v
san bng. giai on ny trng
ng lc chuyn t nn p sang
cng gin vn theo hng TB-N
to cc t gy thun v cc
18
du kh - S 3/2009
trng gia ni phng B-TN,

l cc tin a ng lc cho s
hnh thnh cc b rift Tam
ra ng-Nam ca bn o ng
Dng. Chuyn ng kin to
ny cun theo cc phun tro
magma ng dng thnh phn
kim tp trung dc cc t gy
bao ra b.
Cc t gy B-TN v -T
cng khng ch s hnh thnh v
phn b cc cu to nng trong
b v cc h t gy th sinh i
km ng vai tr quan trng trong
h thng du kh, c bit l tham
gia to thm h thng nt n th
cp trong mng Trc- Tam.
Vng cho sn lng cao
nht cc din tch trin vng
trong b Cu Long thng tp
trung vng nh cu to (vi
Hnh 6. Vng nh ca cu to
trin vng (Ngun t PVEP)
iu kin l mng phi c ph

hon ton bi tng st chn
Oligoxen). Vng nh c th l
ni tp trung cng ng sut
mnh nht trong qu trnh nn p
v nu ng lc ny xy ra trong
giai on to t gy mun th
l iu kin rt thun li cho s
pht trin tt rng (Hnh 6).
Nhn chung, trc 90-50
triu nm, ton b ng Nam
ch yu l vng nh cao vi a
hnh phn d yu, to cnh quan
gm cc a ly vi cc
batholit granit, granodiorit, v
phun tro. Cc a ly nm xen
vi cc trng gia ni phn b
dc cc i khu v t gy trt
bng ln. c trng ca thnh h
Tin-rift l tng lc nguyn ch
lng ng trong cc trng gia
ni ngn cch bi t gy.
Chuyn ng kin to
Mezozoi mun - Tam sm
lm ti hot ng cc h t gy,
to cc nt n sinh km trong
mng, v khng ch bnh kin
trc cc b Tam. Cng trong
giai on ny lp v phong ha
dy c hnh thnh trn cc a
ly granit. Chng l nhng tin
thun li cho s tch t hydrocarbon trong cc b Tam.
Kin to Tam v s hnh
thnh cc b rift
c im kin to Tam
ng Nam cng nh Vit
Nam l s tn ti h thng cc
i khu trt bng cc ln dc
theo cc b rift c hnh
thnh v pht trin vi chu k
trm ng v cc bt chnh hp
khu vc xy ra ng thi trong
phn ln cc b. Cc chu k tin
ha kin to-tng v magma
giai on Tam c lin quan
cht ch vi cc pha ht chm v
va mng ca cc mng ln v s
dao ng ca mc nc i
dng (Hnh 7).
C ch a ng lc to
Petrovietnam
Hnh 7. S th hin quan h gia

tin ha kin to v dao ng mc i dng
Hnh 8. c tnh hot ng t gy b Cu Long
bnh t gy Vit Nam lin

quan ch yu vi s va mng
thc tri ca mng n thc
vo mng Eurasia dc theo i
hi t Ty Tng.
Chuyn ng to ni
Himalaya y vi mng Indochina
v ng-Nam vi s quay phi
chm to h thng t gy TBN pha Bc Vit Nam v h
B-TN Nam Vit Nam, dn n
s hnh thnh cc b trm tch
cha hydrocarbon. Cc b rift
ny thng l cc dng pull-apart
hoc cng gin pht trin dc cc
i t gy su trt bng v
chng gi ln cc trng gia ni
tn ti trc trong Crta
mun-Paleoxen sm (Hnh 8).
Kch bn ny c th c
gii thch lin quan n hai giai
on cng gin to s st rift vo
Eoxen-Oligoxen v Mioxen sm
v i km l hai pha nn p pha
u vo Oligoxen mun khi s
nng phn d (nghch o kin to
ln 1) xy ra trn phn ln cc b
Tam sm v pha nn p th
hai vo Mioxen gia-mun to
nghch o kin to (nghch o
kin to ln 2) v cc np un
nghch trong cc b trm tch tr
bao quanh bin ng. Trng
ng sut c tt yu phn nh tc
ng giao thoa ca hai trng a
ng lc: (1) S x trt tng
Hnh 9. Tin ha kin to a khi Indochina giai on Tam

(Trng ng lc c phng theo ngun PVEP c hiu chnh)
t ca khi Indochina v ngNam v (2) l s gin y ca

bin ng (Hnh 9).
Nhn chung, phc h trm
tch Eoxen-Oligoxen c xem l
phc h ng-rift hnh thnh lin
quan n thi k st rift chnh
trong lch s tin ha cc b
Tam, s st ln xy ra dc cc
t gy thun bao quanh ra b
v thng c xu hng v
ng-Nam. Sau , vo Oligoxen
cc t gy thun ny chuyn
hot ng theo phng -T do
tc ng gin y hng B-N ca
bin ng. S gin y v i
dng ha bin ng, c bit
phn Ty-Nam lin quan n s
trt bng dc t gy 1090 kinh
ng cun theo s phun tro
ni la bazan v andesit ph bin
rng trong cc b nm ven ra
Ty v Ty-Nam bin ng.
Vo Oligoxen mun, s va
du kh - S 3/2009
19
Hnh 10. Bn th hin bnh t gy vi h thng trt

bng -T v t gy thun B-TN
Hnh 11. Mt ct a chn th hin nghch o

kin to trong h tng Paleogen
Hnh 12. t gy nghch trong mng Tin- Tam
20
du kh - S 3/2009
mng gia cc mng n

Eurasia v mng lc a chu c
vi cung Sunda to trng
ng sut nn B-TN v s trt
bng hng cn B-N v -T
(Hnh 10) gy nghch o kin to
(Hnh 11) vi cc np vng
nghch, cc roll-over, hoc
chuyn ng phn d dc cc t
gy thun k tha -kinh tuyn,
hoc to cc t gy nghch BTN v cc t gy trt bng T. Nhng hot ng kin to ny
kt thc pha pht trin rift chnh
(Hnh12).
Hot ng ca cc t gy
ny mang c tnh nhiu pha.
Phn ln chng tha k h thng
trc Tam, hot ng mnh
vo Eoxen-Oligoxen, yu dn
vo Mioxen sm v kt thc vo
Mioxen mun-Plioxen. c tnh
a pha ny lm tng phc tp
ca bnh t gy v tc ng
mnh n cht lng tng cha.
Cht lng tng cha mng
mt s m rt phc tp v bin
i nhanh theo tnh phn i ca
nt n.
Mng nt n hiu dng
thng lin quan n h t gy
c trng ng sut ti a.
rng v thm c xu th tng cao
nhng vng c hot ng bin
dng mnh. Chng ph thuc
vo mt , chiu di, v m
ca cc nt n macro/micro v
lin thng gia chng. Mc
d lu lng ln ca dng ph
thuc vo nhiu yu t a cht
v thuc tnh ca v cht lu,
nhng v phng din kin to
dng nh lu lng dng cao
lin quan nhiu n: Cc nt n
m dng cng gin; cc nt n
ng hng cc t gy thun
B-TN; cc t gy cho sinh
km v cc nt n lin quan n
nhng t gy trt bng -T;
hoc cc nt n pht trin
vng c ng lc ti a dc trc
cu to.
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy
lu lng dng cao cng c

gp cc cnh treo ca t gy
thun, cnh st cc t gy
nghch hoc cc t gy ti
hot ng mun st trc thi
gian di chuyn du. Chng tha
k t h thng Mezozoi mun
nhng c hot ng li ch
yu pha nghch o nn p
Oligoxen mun. S hnh thnh
mi cc t gy v nt n pha
cui ny rt quan trng, v cc
t gy v h nt n sinh ra
thi k u bin dng ca mng
thng b nh hng rt mnh
bi qu trnh nhit dch, cc nt
n thng b lp y bi cc
khong vt th sinh, v th
rng v thm gim, h qu tt
yu l sn phm cng s gim
mnh theo.
Chuyn ng nghch o
kin to Oligoxen mun ko theo
bt chnh hp khu vc din rng
v bc mn ven ra b. S st
ln nhanh vt tri tc b lng
giai on Paleogen to iu
kin thun li cho s pht trin
tng m h lu di v cc
tng ven m vi lng vt
cht hu c chn vi nhanh.
l ngun sinh hydrocarbon tim
nng v cng l ngun cung cp
du np vo cc by nt n
mng b Cu Long v Nam Cn
Sn.
S st rift cn tip tc duy tr
b Cu Long nhng vi cng
yu v chuyn sang giai on
tin ha rift mun, trong khi pha
st rift ln 2 lin quan n s gin
y hng TB-N ca bin ng
nh hng mnh n b Nam
Cn Sn. Chuyn ng nn p
Mioxen gia-mun to nghch
o kin to v cc np un
nghch b Nam Cn Sn, c

bit khu vc ng Bc b.
Kt lun
Hot ng to ni Indosini
lm hnh thnh lot xm nhp
granitoid kim v -kim phn b
rng khp Vit Nam.
Vo giai on t Jura sm
n Crta bn o ng Dng
chu tc ng mnh ca hot
ng to ni - un np mun, t
gy trt bng vi nhiu pha k
tip nhau.
Cc magma nm lt y
cc b Tam b nt n v tr
thnh tng cha du quan trng
v l i tng khai thc ch yu
b Cu Long.
Bnh cu trc ca Vit
Nam v k cn b khng ch bi
trng ng lc vi h thng t
gy tp trung theo ba hng ch
yu: B-TN, TB-N v -T.
Hng kinh tuyn t ph bin hn
nhng cng tham gia khng ch
s st rift ch yu b Nam Cn
Sn, trong khi b Cu Long
hng ny c l l cc t gy
sinh km vi h t gy trt
bng B-TN.
Cc hot ng t gy c
c tnh nhiu pha v tha k t
h Mezozoi mun.
S st rift lin quan n hai
thi k cng gin: EoxenOligoxen v Mioxen sm trong
khi hot ng nghch o v to
cc t gy v nt n sinh km
lin quan vi hai pha nn p xy
ra vo Oligoxen mun v Mioxen
gia mun. Hot ng kin to
Mioxen gia xy ra mnh v r
nt b Nam Cn Sn.
Pha va mng Oligoxen
mun to trng ng lc nn
TB-N v chuyn ng trt
bng -T, kt qu pht sinh
nghch o kin to, un np
nghch, roll-over, chuyn ng
phn d dc cc t gy thun
k tha -kinh tuyn, hoc to
cc t gy nghch B-TN v
cc t gy trt bng -T b
Cu Long.
Cc t gy ny tc ng
n s hnh thnh v phn b
cc i nng cu to v to
h nt n sinh km khng ch
cht lng thm cha mng b
Cu Long.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Ng Thng San, C
Minh Hong. Cht lng thm
cha ca mng nt n b
Cu Long. Hi ngh Khoa hc v
Cng ngh ln 9, Trng HBK
Tp. HCM 10/2005.
2. Ng Thng San, L Vn
Trng, C Minh Hong, Trn
Vn Tr. Kin to Vit Nam trong
khung cu trc ng Nam
Tuyn tp a cht v ti nguyn
du kh Vit Nam, Nxb. KHKT
2007.
3. Ng Thng San, C
Minh Hong, c tnh tng cha
nt n v mi quan h vi kh
nng di chuyn du (Trng hp
Tng cha mng m Bch H Nam Vit Nam). Tp ch Du kh
S 2/2008.
4. Trnh Xun Cng, Hong
Vn Qu. M hnh ha cha
mng nt n. Tp ch Du kh S
5/2008.
du kh - S 3/2009
21
A HNH CHN VI PALEOGEN

BN TRNG NAM CN SN V
CC BY PHI CU TO LIN QUAN
TS. NG VN BT, KS. CHU PHNG LONG
ThS. NGUYN KHC C
Trng i hc M - a cht
TS. C MINH HONG, ThS. NGUYN TH ANH TH
ThS. TRN M BNH
Tng cng ty Thm d v Khai thc Du kh
heo thng k v kinh nghim tm kim thm d

du kh trn th gii, hin nay cc m du kh
ln nht u lin quan ti cc by cu to, ch
yu l cc cu to li. Song, cc cu to ny khng
phi l v tn. m bo sn lng khai thc v
ngun d tr, ngi ta phi tng cng tm kim
du kh trong cc by a tng, thch hc v cc i
tng phi cu to khc. Mt trong nhng i tng
l cc dng a hnh chn vi, nhng lng sng
c c cu to bng nhng thn ct. Gupkin I.M nh a cht du kh ni ting, ln u tin vo nm
1913 pht hin by phi cu to lin quan ti lng
sng c vng ven bin Kaspin, m ra mt trin
vng du kh rt quan trng khu vc ny. Vit
Nam, vn ny cng c quan tm t nhng
nm 80 - 90 ca th k trc. Nm 1989, X nghip
Lin doanh Du kh Vietsovpetro k kt hp ng
vi Vin Du kh Vit Nam v Trng i hc M
a cht H Ni hon thnh ti nghin cu cc
by phi cu to bn trng Cu Long. Nm 1990
1995, TSKH. Trng Minh ch tr ti nghin
cu cc by phi cu to cho ton thm lc a Vit
Nam. Nhng cng trnh nh hng cho vic
tm kim cc by phi cu to mang tnh cht khu
vc. Trong phm vi bi bo ny, cc tc gi cp
n a hnh chn vi trong Paleogen ca bn trng
Nam Cn Sn mt bn trng c tim nng du kh
ln thm lc a Nam Vit Nam.
CC GIAI ON CHN VI A HNH TRONG

PALEOGEN BN TRNG NAM CN SN
Xc lp cc by phi cu to lin quan n a
hnh c, vic u tin i hi chng ta l phi xc
lp li cc giai on chn vi a hnh trong mt
khong thi gian nht nh khu vc nghin cu.
t c mc tiu ny, cc nh a cht phi
nghin cu mt cch ton din v y cu trc
22
du kh - S 3/2009
a cht khu vc, c bit l cc b mt bt chnh

hp mang tnh khu vc, nghin cu trt t a tng
cng nh cc mt ct a cht - a vt l. i vi
cc bn trng Kainozoi, cng vic ny c tin
hnh da trn cc ti liu a vt l, ch yu l cc
mt ct a chn, kim chng vi cc ti liu ca
ging khoan. Trn c s nghin cu , cc tc gi
phn chia a hnh chn vi trong Paleogen
bn trng Nam Cn Sn thnh cc giai on chnh
nh sau:
Giai on cui Eoxen u Oligoxen sm
y l giai on chn vi a hnh u tin ca
bn trng xy ra trong Paleogen, ph v a hnh
ca b mt san bng ng Dng c hnh
thnh t trc vo Paleoxen - Eoxen. Do nh
hng ca qu trnh va chm gia mng n - c
vi mng - u v qu trnh tch gin bin ng,
b mt san bng ng Dng b phn d, a hnh
b chia ct. Bn cnh nhng i nh nng cao l
nhng thung lng su c lp y nhng vt liu
ht th. Trong giai on ny, a hnh mang c
trng ca a hnh min ni. Chng b chn vi di
lp ph ca trm tch Kainozoi. B mt ca a hnh
chn vi ny ng vi b mt bt chnh hp gia
mng v cc trm tch Kainozoi.
Giai on cui Oligoxen sm
Khc vi b Cu Long, ni a tng Oligoxen
c phn chia kh chi tit thnh Oligoxen sm v
Oligoxen mun, th b Nam Cn Sn, a tng
Oligoxen c gp chung li di tn gi l h tng
Cau [3], c th xem tng ng vi h tng
Bawak, Keras v Gabus thuc b ng Natuna
(nm pha Nam ca b Nam Cn Sn). Song,
nhng cng trnh nghin cu gn y ca tp th
tc gi [1] ghi nhn ranh gii phn chia cc thnh
to Oligoxen sm v Oligoxen mun trn cc mt
ct a chn (v d nh tuyn a chn 93-5445;
Petrovietnam
P04-25; P04-07). Cc sng phn x nm di ranh

gii ny c c trng bin thp n trung bnh,
tn s thp, km lin tc. Thnh phn thch hc
c d bo l nhng vt liu st kt cha cui,
sn, si. Trong khi , phn trn ca mt ct c c
trng a chn khc hn: Cc phn x c dng
song song; cc sng phn x c bin thay i t
thp ti trung bnh n cao, tn s thp, lin tc
khng n nh. pha Ty ca b cc phn x c
dng ln xn. Thnh phn thch hc c d bo
l nhng vt liu ht mn hn, ch yu l cc loi
ct kt. Trn c s , cc tc gi cho rng ranh
gii gia Oligoxen sm v Oligoxen mun l mt
b mt bt chnh hp v giai on cui Oligoxen
sm l giai on chn vi a hnh th hai xy ra
bn trng. a hnh chn vi cui Oligoxen sm b
cc thnh to ca h tng Cau ph bt chnh hp
ln trn.
Giai on cui Oligoxen mun
Giai on ny bn trng Nam Cn Sn ng vi
nc ca h tng Cau. Trn mt ct a chn, nc
ca h tng ny mt vi ni c c im bin
phn x cao ti rt cao. c im ny c xc
nhn l do s tn ti ca cc tp than. Nh bit,
mt ct y ca h tng Cau bao gm 3 phn
chnh [3]:
Phn di gm ct kt, ct kt cha cui, mt s
ni gp cc phun tro andezit, bazan.
Phn gia gm ch yu l cc thnh phn ht mn
bao gm cc tp st kt phn lp dy, kh giu vt
cht hu c v vi xen k cc lp st kt cha
than.
Phn trn gm ct kt ht nh n va mu xm
tro, xm sng, i ch c cha glauconit, trng l
xen k bt kt, st kt.
Nh vy, mt ct trm tch ca h tng Cau c
hnh thnh vi tng lc a thi k u, bao gm
cc thnh to l tch, xen trm tch m h, vng
vnh, nhiu ni xy ra hot ng ni la (nh l
11, 12). iu chng t vo thi k ny a hnh
vn cn phn d mnh. Vo giai on sau ca
Oligoxen mun, trm tch c xu hng mn dn v
c lng ng trong mi trng tam gic chu,
vng vnh, chu nh hng ca thy triu v cc t
bin trn vo. y l giai on chn vi a hnh lc
a v chuyn sang a hnh ven bin.
a hnh chn vi Oligoxen mun b ph bt chnh
hp bi h tng Da tui Mioxen sm c ngun
gc tam gic chu v bin nng ven b.
Nh vy, trong Paleogen bn trng Nam Cn
Sn c th xc lp c 3 giai on chn vi a
hnh: Cui Eoxen - u Oligoxen sm, cui
Oligoxen sm v cui Oligoxen mun. Mi mt giai
on c c trng bng hnh thi a hnh ring

bit. Vn tip theo l chng ta cn phi lp li
hin trng ca nhng a hnh c .
PHNG PHP XC LP A HNH CHN VI
Xc lp li a hnh c b chn vi l mt trong
nhng nhim v ca khoa hc c a mo. Mc d
c mt s phng php xc lp a hnh chn
vi c xut, song phi tha nhn rng, kt
qu p dng ca cc phng php ch cho
chng ta lp li c b mt a hnh gn ng
trong mt giai on a cht nht nh.
xc lp li a hnh chn vi, vic u tin
chng ta phi xc lp c v tr hin ti ca chng
nm di cc lp ph trm tch. Ni mt cch
khc chng ta phi xc nh c v tr cao
tuyt i ca chng so vi mc nc bin hin
nay. i vi cc bn trng Kainozoi trn thm lc
a Vit Nam, a hnh hin ti ca cc b mt
chn vi l bn ng su ca cc b mt bt
chnh hp. i vi bn trng Nam Cn Sn, trong
Paleogen cc bn ng su ca mng trc
Kainozoi v bn ng su ca nc Oligoxen
t l 1: 500.000 c thnh lp [4]. y l hai
bn c bn m cc tc gi da vo xc
lp li a hnh chn vi vo cui Eoxen - u
Oligoxen sm v cui Oligoxen. B mt bt chnh
hp cui Oligoxen sm cha c thnh lp, v
vy cha c c s no xy dng li a hnh
chn vi trong giai on .
Trn c s a hnh hin ti ca cc b mt chn
vi , cc tc gi p dng phng php phn
tch xu th (trend) v phng php tng i s (cng
tr) a hnh thnh lp bn c a hnh.
Phng php phn tch xu th c cc tc
gi p dng cho bn trng Cu Long v cng b
trong Hi ngh a cht Vit Nam nm 2005 [2].
y ch nhn mnh, phng php phn tch trend
l mt phng php thng k thc nghim cho
php xc nh v phn tch s dao ng cao
ca a hnh trong phm vi ca vng nghin cu.
Nhim v ca bc phn tch ny l t cc im
hin ti ca b mt chn vi xc nh thnh phn
cu trc v thnh phn st ca chng. Thnh phn
cu trc chnh l b mt trend vi s m cn thit
c chn khi qut ha cu trc. Thnh phn
st chnh l thnh phn th hin yu t a hnh c.
Phng php tng i s (cng tr) a hnh l
mt phng php xc nh a hnh c tng i so
vi mt b mt chun no t b bin dng. Ni
mt cch khc, phng php ny cho php tip cn
a hnh c mt khong thi gian ngn hn t khi
chng c chn vi cho n hin nay. Khc vi
du kh - S 3/2009
23
(Map Info 7.5)

Bn cu trc
b mt a hnh
Scan
File
nh
M hnh dng Vector

(dng ng)
S ho
(Nhp gi tr
Cos cao)
(Arc GIS 9.2)
M hnh TIN
(Triangulated Iregular Network)
(Mng tam giac khng u)
(Arc GIS 9.2)
B mt Trend
(dng nh-Raster)
bn trng Cu Long, ni c tng st Rotalia tui

Mioxen h, c coi l tng chun l tng, th
bn trng Nam Cn Sn, vic chn la tng chun
c kh khn hn. Cc tc gi ly tng cu trc
cui Mioxen mun lm tng chun tnh ton v
tng ny c cu trc tng i n gin, t phn d
nht. T ly cc b mt cui Eoxen - u
Oligoxen sm, b mt cui Oligoxen tr i b mt
cui Mioxen mun tm li a hnh c.
Cn phi tha nhn rng, sau khi b chn vi, a
hnh cn tip tc b bin dng bi cc qu trnh tn
kin to v cc qu trnh nn p ng tnh. y
cc tc gi coi s bin dng l ng u trn
ton khu vc bn trng Nam Cn Sn.
C IM A HNH CHN VI CUI EOXEN
U OLIGOXEN SM V CUI OLIGOXEN
MUN, CC BY PHI CU TO LIN QUAN
p dng phng php phn tch trend v phng
php tng i s a hnh xc lp li a hnh c,
trong nhng nm 80 ca th k trc, khi cng
ngh thng tin cha pht trin, i hi mt s kin
tr v tn rt nhiu thi gian, v tt c cc tnh ton
u thc hin bng tay. Hin nay vi s pht trin
ca cng ngh thng tin, vic tnh ton u c
thc hin vi nhng phn mm chuyn dng cho
chng ta chnh xc cao. KS. Chu Phng Long
thc hin quy trnh s ha ng ng su,
chuyn cc bn gc sang dng m hnh s
cao DEM bng phn mm Arc GIS 9.2. Trong khi s
ha, phi nhp cc gi tr cos cao cho cc
ng ng su bng cch s dng phn mm
Map Info 7.5. Cc ng ng su a hnh
c s ha tip tc c thc hin theo trnh t
24
du kh - S 3/2009
(Ni suy Trend)
M hnh dng Point

(dng im)
sau y ni suy to ra b mt trend:

Kt qu cho chng ta b mt trend cui Eoxen
u Oligoxen sm (Hnh 1), cui Oligoxen mun
(Hnh 2) v b mt a hnh c cui Eoxenn u
Oligoxen sm (Hnh 3), cui Oligoxen mun (Hnh 4).
i vi phng php tng i s a hnh, KS
Hnh 1
Chu Phng Long thc hin chuyn i cc

ng ng su t dng vector (dng ng) sang
m hnh DEM (Digital Elevation Models - M hnh
s cao) dng Raster ca cc b mt cui Eoxen
- u Oligoxen sm v cui Oligoxen mun. Qu
trnh ny c thc hin bng phn mm Arc GIS
9.2. Sau , vi vic s dng cng c h tr Minus
trong Arc GIS 9.2 xc nh c hiu s ca cc
b mt a hnh cui Eoxen - u Oligoxen sm,
cui Oligoxen mun vi b mt cui Mioxen mun.
Hiu s ny chnh l bn a hnh c cui Eoxen
Petrovietnam
Hnh 2
Hnh 5
Hnh 3
Hnh 6
Hnh 4
Hnh 7
du kh - S 3/2009
25
- u Oligoxen sm (Hnh 5) v cui Oligoxen mun

(Hnh 6).
T cc kt qu nghin cu bng cc phng
php khc nhau, chng ta thy rng hnh thi a
hnh c ca giai on cui Eoxen - u Oligoxen
sm v cui Oligoxen mun ca bn trng Nam
Cn Sn c nhng nt c trng nh sau:
Vo giai on cui Eoxen - Oligoxen sm, a
hnh phn d rt r nt, cao tng i ca a
hnh dao ng t trn 5000m n -6000m. iu
cho thy a hnh tng phn mnh lit. V tr a
hnh nh cao nht l pha Ty bn trng, c bit
l cc khu vc l 11, l 20 v pha ng Nam ca
bn trng (l 06). Mt khc, khu vc m i
Hng, cu to Rubi, cu to Hng, l 06 ghi nhn
tn d ca b mt san bng ng Dng cn st
li vi din phn b kh rng. Trn cc b mt ny,
v phong ha s c dy ln v hy vng nhng
ni l nhng by phi cu to lin quan ti v
phong ha ca mng. Trn hai s (Hnh 3, Hnh
5) u ghi nhn mt mng sng sui ln, c thung
lng sng chnh chy theo phng Ty Nam - ng
Bc, c bt ngun t pha Ty Nam ca bn
trng v m rng v pha ng Bc, chiu rng ca
thung lng sng t ti 50-70km. Ngun vt liu
c ng vin t pha ng Bc v pha Ty Nam
ca bn trng v mng sng sui ny. Cc
nhnh sng u bt ngun t sn ng Bc v
Ty Nam ca bn trng. Theo mng sng sui ny,
mt s khu vc c lng sng m rng ti hng chc
km, a hnh tng i bng phng, c kh nng
lin quan ti tch t aluvi dy. l nhng by phi
cu to c trin vng du kh lin quan ti lng sng
c. Trong cc khu vc , ng quan tm nht l
khu vc ko di t l 21 (ging khoan 21-S-1X) n
ng Nam ca l 12 (ging khoan 12-C-1X) vi
chiu di t ti 100km, chiu rng khong 40km,
khu vc c gii hn bi ging khoan 12-C-1X v
RD-1X vi chiu di khong 60km, chiu rng
30km.
Khc vi a hnh cui Eoxen u Oligoxen
sm, a hnh cui Oligoxen mun t tng phn
hn. a hnh c nng cao pha Ty Nam v
gim dn v ng Bc. cao dao ng khong t
+1200m n gn -3000m. Song mc chia ct a
hnh cng ln t ti trn 4000m. Nhn chung a
hnh vn mang c trng ca a hnh min ni,
nhng l ni thp. Trn 2 s (Hnh 4, Hnh 6)
u xc nhn c mng sng sui tng i phc
tp. Ngoi mng sng sui chnh chy theo phng
Ty Nam ln ng Bc, k tha t giai on trc,
trong bn trng cn tn ti hai mng sng sui chy
theo phng kinh tuyn: Mt mng bt ngun t
khu vc cc ging khoan NB-1X vi chiu di
26
du kh - S 3/2009
khong gn 200km, chiu rng thung lng m rng

khong 30-80km. y c th l v tr thun li cho
cc thu knh ct tch t to by du kh, c bit l
khu vc ging khoan 04-1X. Mng sng sui th
hai tn ti pha Ty bn trng c chiu di t ti
150km, rng 50-70km. Trn mng ny gp mt yn
nga c kch thc khong 40km x 60km cng rt
trin vng l mt by phi cu to, nu chng c
cu to bng nhng thn ct. Trong bn trng cn
tn ti cc khi nng nh cao l nhng v tr thun
li tch t du kh. l cc khi nng pha
Ty vi kch thc 100km x 50km, 2 khi nng
trung tm gn cc ging khoan Da v Rubi. V tr
cc by phi cu to c th hin trn Hnh 7.
Tm li, kt qu nghin cu a hnh chn vi
trong Paleogen bn trng Nam Cn Sn xc
nh c 3 giai on chn vi a hnh. l cc
giai on cui Eoxen - u Oligoxen sm, cui
Oligoxen sm v cui Oligoxen mun. Bng
phng php phn tch trend v phng php tng
i s a hnh, cc tc gi xc nh c hnh
thi a hnh c trong giai on cui Eoxen - u
Oligoxen sm v cui Oligoxen mun. Trn c s
xc nh c v tr mt s khu vc c trin
vng tn ti cc by phi cu to lin quan ti nhng
vng c dy v phong ha ln v nhng lng
sng c.
Bi bo c hon thnh di s ti tr ca
Chng trnh Nghin cu c bn trong khoa hc t
nhin, ti 7.145.06.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. ng Vn Bt, C Minh Hong, Nguyn Th Anh
Th, 2007. a tng Paleogen bn trng Nam
Cn Sn. Tp ch Du kh s 8.2007, trang 19-23.
2. ng Vn Bt, Nguyn Khc c, Hong Vn
Long, Nguyn Quc Hng, 2005. ng dng
phng php phn tch trend nghin cu c a
mo trong Oligoxen bn trng Cu Long. Tuyn
tp Bo co Hi ngh Khoa hc a cht k nim 60
nm thnh lp ngnh a cht Vit Nam. Cc a
cht v Khong sn Vit Nam xut bn. H Ni.
3. Nguyn Hip (Ch bin), Nguyn Vn c,
Nguyn Giao v nnk, 2007. a cht v ti nguyn
Du kh Vit Nam. Nh xut bn Khoa hc K
thut H Ni, trang 317-360.
4. Nguyn Trng Tn, 1996. Cu trc v lch s a
cht cc vm nng a phng ca trm tch
Kainozoi b Nam Cn Sn v trin vng du kh.
Lun n PTS khoa hc a l a cht. H Ni
77tr.
Petrovietnam
XC NH CHIU DY TNG HNH THNH V N NH

GAS HYDRATE (GHSZ) TRN BIN NG
TS. NGUYN NH TRUNG
Vin a cht v a vt l bin
Vin Khoa hc & Cng ngh Vit Nam
TM TT
Bo co trnh by kt qu
tnh ton chiu dy tng hnh
thnh v lu gi n nh gas
hydrate (GHSZ) trong khu vc
bin ng theo m hnh ca
Milkov v Sassen. Kt qu tnh
ton xc nh c chiu dy
tng GHSZ trong khu vc bin
ng da trn mi quan h gia
su nc bin, gradient a
nhit v ba loi gas hydrate loi I
(thnh phn 100% CH4), loi II
(95,9% CH4) v loi H (90,4%
CH4)... i vi gas hydrate loi I,
su nc bin ti thiu hnh
thnh gas hydrate trn bin ng
l 600m v chiu dy trung bnh
ca tng GHSZ l 225m. i vi
gas hydrate loi II, chiu dy
trung bnh ca tng GHSZ l
270m v su nc bin ti
thiu hnh thnh gas hydrate l
400m. i vi gas hydrate loi H,
chiu dy trung bnh ca tng
GHSZ l 365m v su nc
bin ti thiu hnh thnh gas
hydrate l 300m. Trong khu vc
bin ng chiu dy ln nht ca
tng GHSZ nm trong khong
su nc bin t 1.500-2.500 m
v chiu dy ln nht c th ln
n 365m. Vi gi thit gas
hydrate phn b 30% din tch
t 300-3000 m nc v nng
bo ha kh gas 1,2%, th lng
kh CH4 iu kin tiu chun
ca ton bin ng tnh c cho
ba loi gas hydrate l 1,7x 1014 m3
cho loi H, 1,41 x 1014 m3 cho loi
II v 1,38 x 1014 m3 cho loi I. Ti

khu vc bin min Trung v
Hong Sa lng CH4 l 4,4 x 1013
m3 cho loi H; 3,6 x 1013 m3 cho
loi II v 3,5 x 1013 m3 cho loi I.
Khu vc bin ng Nam v
Trng Sa lng CH4 l 7,5 x
1013 m3 cho loi H; 6,1 x 1013 m3
II v 5,9 x 1013 m3 cho loi l.
M U
Gas hydrate c hnh
thnh t nc v kh gas (ch
yu l kh CH4) di dng cu
trc kt tinh nh bng nhit
thp v p sut cao. Ty thuc
vo thnh phn kh gas, nhit
nc bin, gradient nhit ,
mui ca nc l rng m gas
hydrate c th bt u c hnh
thnh nhng vng nc bin
c su t 200-600 mt [11-14,
18, 20, 26, 32, 34]. Bin ng l
mt bin ra ln nht b Ty
Thi Bnh Dng, c nh gi
l mt trong nhng vng c trin
vng gas hydrate ca th gii [6].
Sau hn mi nm nghin cu,
nm 2007, Trung Quc ln u
tin thu c mu gas
hydrate khu vc Shenhu, pha
Nam bn trng Chu Giang,
su nc bin 1.500 mt v di
lp trm tch cch y bin 200m
[34], khng nh bin ng c
gas hydrate. Sn lc a Vit
Nam cng l vng c cc iu
kin cn thit hnh thnh gas
hydrate [25]. Mt s cng trnh
gn y ca cc tc gi Trung
Quc tin hnh tnh chiu dy
tng hnh thnh v n nh gas
hydrate (GHSZ - Gas Hydrate
Stability Zone) v c tnh tr
lng CH4 cho khu vc bin
ng (Wang n.n.k 2006, Chi
n.n.k, 2006, Cheng n.n.k 2004,
Fang n.n.k 2002, Yao, 2001).
Wang n.n.k (2006) bng phng
php ca Milkov v Sassen
(2001) tnh chiu dy GHSZ
cho ton b khu vc bin ng
vi gi nh gradient a nhit
bng 37,50C/km cho ton vng.
Kt qu o gradient a nhit
sn lc a bin ng trong
chng trnh khoan i dng
(ODP-Leg 184) cho thy gi
thit ny hon ton khng ph
hp. Gradient a nhit l hm
ph thuc vo su y bin
[28]. Ti sn Bc bin ng
gradient a nhit o c l
khoan 1145 l 900C/km, LK1146
l 590C/km, LK1148 l 830C/km
v sn Nam, gradient a
nhit ti l khoan 1143 l
840C/km.
Nhit trong cc lp trm
tch l yu t quan trng trong
vic hnh thnh gas hydrate, bi
bo ny trnh by kt qu tnh
mi chiu dy tng (GHSZ) bng
phng php Milokov [13] trn
c s xc nh c hm phn
b gradient a nhit ca bin
ng theo su nc bin. Kt
qu tnh ton cho ta nhng thng
tin hu ch hn v kh nng
du kh - S 3/2009
27
phn b ca gas hydrate theo

din v theo chiu su. Trn c
s kt qu tnh GHSZ ny, tr
lng gas hydrate trn bin
ng bc u c d bo.
KINCHT
ACHUNG
CHT
IUIU
KIN A
CHUNG
Bin ng l mt bin ra
c hnh thnh do qu trnh
tch gin y i dng vo thi
k t 32-16 triu nm [1, 24].
Phn ra pha Bc, Nam thuc
loi ra lc a th ng c sn
lc a tng i rng 500-600
km. Phn pha Ty ra lc a hp
ko di. Pha ng bin ng l
i ht chm ang hot ng
Manila. Phn pha Nam l i ht
chm c Mezozoi. Song song vi
vic hnh thnh bn trng Trung
tm, mt lot cc bn trng
Kainoizoi vi chiu dy trm tch
ln cc thm lc a, sn lc
a c hnh thnh. Qu trnh

ln chn nhit khu vc vi tc
nhanh sau tch gin bin ng
to iu kin thun li cho
qu trnh lng ng trm tch v
tch t vt cht hu c trong cc
trm tch tr. Cc hot ng t
gy hin i pht trin mnh
nhiu khu vc trong vng nh h
thng t gy B-TN dc khu
vc sn lc a pha Bc v
Nam [6], h thng N-S thm lc
a pha Ty (P.N. Vu, 2007). Cc
cu trc diapir magma, bn xut
hin nhiu ni trong khu vc.
Vi cc yu t kin to a mo
trn hnh thnh trong khu vc
bin ng nhiu dng cu trc
thun li cho vic hnh thnh v
lu gi gas hydrate nh cc nm
tng trng khu vc Nam bn
trng i Loan, trng Palawan,
cc i nng, cc nn trm tch
y bin, turbidi, cc diapir, vol-
cano bn khu vc ra Bc,

Nam v Ty bin ng. Trn hu
ht cc thm lc a bao bc
xung quanh sn lc a bin
ng u hnh thnh cc bn
trng vi chiu dy trm tch v
hm lng vt cht hu c ln
nh bn trng Chu Giang, i
Loan, Nam Hi Nam, Sng Hng
pha Bc, Ph Khnh, Cu
Long, Nam Cn Sn pha Ty,
bn trng Zengmin v nhm b
Trng Sa pha Nam. Phn
ln cc bn trng trn thm lc
a l nhng bn du kh c tr
lng ln. Cc trm tch tr c
chiu dy ln c hnh thnh
c tng delta v bin pht
trin kh ph bin ra cc lc
a, mc tch t vt cht hu
c cao [13]. Cc iu kin trong
khu vc phn no cho thy gas
hydrate pha sn lc a pha
Bc s thun li cho vic hnh
thnh gas hydrate cu trc loi I,
cn sn lc a pha Nam
thun li cho loi hnh gas
hydrate cu trc loi II v H.
TNH CHIU DY TNG
(GHSZ) KHU VC BIN NG
Hnh 1. S v tr vng nghin cu. su y bin, v tr

cc l khoan ODP, Leg-184 v im ly c mu gas hydrate
28
du kh - S 3/2009
Tng GHSZ l tng ti c

cc iu kin v nhit v p
sut di mt t m bo kh
gas t nhin kt tinh thnh gas
hydrate v duy tr n nh trong
. Chiu dy tng GHSZ c
quyt nh bi cc yu t: su
nc bin, nhit nc y, p
sut v gradient a nhit trong
trm tch, mui ca nc l
rng v thnh phn kh gas.
Ngoi ra, s n nh ca gas
hydrate cn ph thuc vo kin
trc v thnh phn khong vt
trong trm tch. Milkov v Sassen
(2001) xut phng php
tnh nh lng m t cc hiu
ng ny v tnh ton chiu dy
tng GHSZ cho vng vnh Mexico
[13]. Phng php tnh ny c
chng ti p dng tnh cho khu
vc bin ng di y.
Petrovietnam
Xc nh nhit trm tch

- Nhit y bin: Trn c s s liu nhit
cc su o khc nhau, Wang (2006) xy
dng c phng trnh xc nh nhit y bin
theo cng thc hm m sau [27]:
y=373,41*B-0,6269
(1)
0
Trong : y l nhit y bin( C); B l su
y bin (m).
Theo cng thc ny cho php ta tnh c
nhit y bin t bt k s liu su y bin.
Kt qu tnh ton cho thy vi su y bin t
300-500 mt th nhit y bin khu vc bin
0
ng thay i t 10,5-7,5 C v su t 10003000 mt nhit thay i trong khong t 5-2,50C.
bng 37,50C/km cho ton b bin ng ca Wang

n.n.k (2006).
Nh vy, phng trnh xc nh nhit ca
trm tch c xy dng bng cch cng phng
trnh nhit y bin (1) vi phng trnh gradient
a nhit (2). Khi ta phng trnh sau:
-0,6269 (3)
Ts = (0,01593*B+28,39)*C/1000+373,41*B
Trong : Ts l nhit trm tch su C
di mc y bin; B l su y bin;
T cng thc (3) cho php ta xc nh c
phn b nhit ca trm tch cc su khc nhau
di mc a hnh y bin.
Xy dng phng trnh xc nh tng GHSZ
iu kin cn bng kh gas t nhin kt
tnh hnh thnh gas hydrate c Sloans (1998)
nghin cu v pht trin mt chng trnh phn
mm CSMHYD tnh ton [22]. S liu u vo
gm nhit , p sut, thnh phn kh gas, mui
trong nc l rng. Trn c s cc s liu thnh
phn kh gas t nhin thu c trn thc t, Sloan
(1998) phn ra ba loi gas hydrate vi cc thnh
phn CH4 l 100% (loi I), 95,9% (loi II) v 90,4%
(loi H) v cc hp phn kh khc (Bng 1). Milkov
v Sassen [13] s dng chng trnh CSMHYD xc
nh phng trnh cn bng cho ba loi gas hydrate
ny vi mui trong nc l rng gi thit bng
3,5% nh sau:
T100%CH = 8,9*Ln(D)-50,1
(4)
(5)
T95,9%CH = 7,1*Ln(D)-33,9
(6)
T90,4%CH = 6,7*Ln(D)-27,6
Trong : T l nhit gas hydrate tn ti
n nh (0C) su D (m). su y c
chuyn i t p sut vi gi thit s thay i gradient thy tnh tuyn tnh (10Mpa/km) trong nc v
trong trm tch.
4
Hnh 2. Gradient a nhit ph thuc

vo su y bin
Kt qu o gradient a nhit trn bin ng

cho thy n c tnh khng ng nht trn ton bin
ng v c xu hng tng dn theo chiu su y
bin (Hnh 2). Phn thm lc a gradient a nhit c
0
0
gi tr thp (30 C-40 C/1km) [19], trong khi khu vc
sn lc a gradient a nhit li c gi tr rt cao, t
60-940C/km [28]. T cc s liu trn Hnh 2, cho
php chng ta xy dng c cng thc xc nh
gradient a nhit theo su y bin nh sau:
G= 0,01593* B+28,39 (2)
Trong : G l gradien a nhit (0C/m); B l
su y bin (m).
T phng trnh (2) cho thy su nc
bin 600 m, gradient a nhit l 380C/km, su
1000 m, gradient a nhit l 44,40C/km, su
0
1500 m, gradient a nhit l 52,4 C/km. Vi kt
qu ny n khc xa vi vic chn gradient a nhit
Bng 1. Thnh phn phn t ca kh gas (%)

s dng tnh ton [13]
Lo
GH
C1
C2
C3
i-C4
n-C4
i-C5
n-C5
100
ll
95,9
2,4
1,2
<0,1
0,3
0,2
<0,1
90,4
4,5
3,7
0,6
0,6
0,2
<0,1
Hnh 3 l c c tuyn biu din iu kin

p sut ( su nc bin) v nhit hnh
thnh ba loi gas hydrate theo phng trnh (4), (5)
v (6) [13]. Hnh 3 cho thy vi hm lng CH4 c
trong kh t nhin khc nhau khng nhiu, nhng
du kh - S 3/2009
29
Hnh 3. ng c tuyn biu din iu kin p sut v nhit

hnh thnh gas hydrate ph thuc vo hm lng CH4
(100% CH4, 95,9% CH4 v 90,4% CH4) [13]
iu kin nhit v p sut khi hnh thnh gas hydrate li rt khc bit.
Nh vy, chng ta thy rng, ranh gii di ca tng GHSZ i
vi ba loi kh gas trn chnh l im giao nhau ca hai phng trnh
(3) v (4); (3) v (5); v (3) v (6). Cng thc xc nh ranh gii di
ca tng GHSZ tr thnh bi ton xc nh im khng ca cc cp
phng trnh (3) v (4); (3) v (5); v (3) v (6) nh sau:
F(B)100 = -[(0,0159*B+28,39)*C/1000 + 373,41*B-0,6269 ] + 8,9*Ln(C+B) - 50,1 (7)
F(B)95,9 = -[(0,0159*B+28,39)*C/1000 + 373,41*B-0,6269 ] + 7,1*Ln(C+B) - 33,9 (8)
F(B)90,4 = -[(0,0159*B+28,39)*C/1000 + 373,41*B-0,6269] + 6,7*Ln(C+B) - 27,6 (9)
Trong : B: su y bin (m); C: Chiu dy tng GHSZ (m)
S dng phng php Newton gii phng trnh (7), (8), (9)
ta nhn c gi tr chiu dy tng GHSZ (C) ng vi mi su B
khc nhau. Kt qu gii phng trnh (7), (8), (9) cho khu vc bin
ng chng ta nhn c ng c tuyn chiu dy tng hnh thnh
v n nh gas hydrate (GHSZ) theo su y bin cho ba loi gas
Hnh 4. Biu chiu dy tng GHSZ tnh c theo su y bin

khu vc bin ng cho cc gas hydrate loi I, II v H
30
du kh - S 3/2009
hydrate nh trn Hnh 4. Hnh 4

cho thy chiu dy tng GHSZ
ph thuc vo su nc bin
v thnh phn ca kh gas khi
hnh thnh nn gas hydrate. Khi
su khng thay i, chiu
dy tng GHSZ tng dn khi hm
lng CH4 gim. Khi su
nc bin tng n mt mc no
th chiu dy tng GHSZ bt
u gim dn. Dng ng c
tuyn ny hon ton ngc vi
kt qu tnh ca Wang n.n.k
(2006) phn nc su (v
Wang gi thit phn nc su
v phn nc nng u c gradient a nhit khng i bng
0
37,5 C).
Thit Hnh 4 c s
dng tnh ton chiu dy tng
GHSZ cho bt k im no trong
khu vc bin ng. Hnh 5 l s
phn b chiu dy tng GHSZ
ca bin ng tnh ton cho ba
loi gas hydrate theo s liu
su y bin t 300-3000 m. Kt
qu tnh ton chiu dy tng
GHSZ cho khu vc bin ng
cho thy:
i vi gas hydrate loi I,
tng GHSZ c hnh thnh
su nc bin 600m v c
chiu dy thay i t 0-260m,
trung bnh l 225m. Chiu dy
ln nht c th ti 260m ti vng
su 2400m nc, ra xa hn
chiu dy mng dn.
i vi gas hydrate loi II,
tng GHSZ bt u hnh thnh
su nc bin 400m v c
chiu dy thay i t 0-300 m,
ln nht c th t ti 300m
vng su 1800m nc, ra xa
hn chiu dy mng dn.
i vi gas hydrate loi H,
tng GHSZ bt u hnh thnh
su nc bin 300m v c
chiu dy thay i t 0-365 m,
ln nht c th t ti 365m
vng su 1500m nc, ra xa
hn chiu dy mng dn.
Petrovietnam
Hnh 5. S chiu dy tng GHSZ tnh cho gas hydrate loi H (a); loi II v loi I
T cc kt qu tnh trn
cng cho thy vng nc bin c
chiu su t 1500-2500 m l
vng c chiu dy tng GHSZ
ln nht.
Trn c s tnh ton ny
chng ta cng xc nh c
din tch phn b ca tng GHSZ
trn ton b bin ng l 1,7 x
106km2. Trong , sn lc a
t su 300-3000 m nc,
tng GHSZ c din tch l 1,1 x
106km2. Khu vc bin min Trung
v Hong Sa tng GHSZ c din
tch l 0,27 x 106 km2 v khu vc
bin ng Nam v Trng Sa
tng GHSZ c din tch l 0,45 x
106km2.
CC
TNH TNH
TR LNG
GAS
TR LNG
HYDRAT
GAS
HYDRAT
Khi lng kh metan (CH4)
gii phng t gas hydrate iu
kin tiu chun c tnh ton
theo cng thc sau [13]:
QCH4 = S * z * *E (10)
Trong : S: Din tch phn
b gas hydrate (m2); z: Chiu
dy trung bnh ca tng GHSZ; e:
bo ha ca gas hydrate
trong trm tch (%); E: Gi tr kh
Bng 2. Kt qu tnh tr lng kh CH4

iu kin tiu chun trn bin ng
Khu vc
Din tch
(Km2)
Ton b sn lc a
bin ng t 300m-300m
nc
1,1 x 106
1,7 x 1014
1,41 x 1014 1,38 x 1014
Khu vc bin min Trung

v Hong Sa
0,26 x 106
4,4 x 1013
3,6 x 1013
3,5 x 1013
Khu vc bin ng Nam

v Trng Sa
0,45 x 106
7,5 x 1013
6,1 x 1013
5,9 x 1013
STT
CH4 thu c t 1m3 gas hydrate

trong iu kin tiu chun.
Theo cc s liu thng k
trn th gii nng bo ha ca
gas hydrate trong trm tch thay
i trong khong e = 0,9 - 1,5%
[5, 17]. Hin ti khu vc bin
ng cha c s liu thng k v
h s e, nn trong tnh ton ny
chng ti chn gi tr trung bnh
ca s trn, e = 1,2%. Theo Yu
v n.n.k [32], c on mt cch
lc quan l gas hydrate c th
tn ti din tch vng sn
lc a. Mt s kt qu thng k
khc trn mt s vng sn lc
Tr lng Tr lng Tr lng

CH4 i vi CH4 i vi CH4 i vi
loi H (m3) loi ll (m3) loi l (m23)
a c on ch tn ti khong
30-40% din tch sn lc a
[5]. tnh ton trong bi bo
ny chng ti chn lng gas
hydrate ch tn ti khong 30%
din tch ca vng sn la a.
Lng kh gas CH4 thu c t
1m3 gas hydrate iu kin nhit
v p sut tiu chun l 164
m3 (i vi cu trc loi I) v
140m3 (i vi loi cu trc II v
H ) [22]. T cc s liu trn, p
dng cng thc (10) tnh c
tng tr lng kh gas CH4 trn
bin ng iu kin tiu chun
nh Bng 2.
du kh - S 3/2009
31
KT LUN
Tng hp cc iu kin v
nhit y bin, gradient nhit
, su y bin, c th thy
rng: Khu vc bin ng l vng
c iu kin v nhit v p
sut cn thit cho vic hnh thnh
v lu gi gas hydrate su
nc bin ln hn 300m i vi
gas hydrate loi H, 400m nc
i vi gas hydrate II v 600m
nc i vi gas hydrate loi I.
Tng din tch vng bin c
kh nng hnh thnh v duy tr n
nh gas hydrate (GHSZ) trn
bin ng l 1,6 x 106 km2. Trong
, khu vc bin min Trung v
Hong Sa c din tch l 0,26 x
106km2 v khu vc bin ng
Nam v Trng Sa c din tch
l 0,45 x 106 km2.
i vi gas hydrate loi I,
chiu dy trung bnh ca tng
GHSZ tnh ton c l 225, v
su nc bin ti thiu phi
600m nc. i vi gas hydrate
loi II, chiu dy trung bnh ca
tng GHSZ l 270 mt v su
nc bin ti thiu phi 400m.
i vi gas hydrate loi H, chiu
dy trung bnh ca tng GHSZ l
365m v su nc bin ti
thiu phi 300m nc.
Vng hnh thnh v tn ti
n nh gas hydrate (GHSZ)
trong khu vc bin ng c
chiu dy ln nht nm trong
khong su nc bin t
1.500-2.500 m v chiu dy ln
nht c th ln n 365 mt. y
c xem l vng c trin vng
tr lng ln nht.
Vi gi thit gas hydrate
phn b 30% din tch t 3003000 m nc sn lc a
bin ng v gas hydrate bo
ha 1,2% th tch trm tch th
lng kh CH4 iu kin tiu
chun c tnh c cho ba loi
gas hydrate l 1,7 x 1014 m3 cho
loi H; 1,41 x 1014 m3 cho loi II
v 1,38 x 1014 m3 cho loi I.
Trong khu vc bin min
32
du kh - S 3/2009
Trung v Hong Sa l 4,4 x 1013

m3 cho loi H; 3,6 x 1013 m3 cho
loi II v 3,5 x 1013 m3 cho loi I.
Khu vc bin ng Nam v
Trng Sa 7,5 x 1013m3 cho loi
H; 6,1 x 1013 m3 cho loi II v 5,9
x 1013 m3 cho loi I.
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Borowski, W.S., Torres, M.E., Xu,
W., Tomaru, H., Trhu, A.M., and
Schultheiss, P., 2004. Co-existence of gas hydrate, free gas,
and brine within the regional gas
hydrate stability zone at Hydrate
Ridge
(Oregon
margin):
Evidence
from
prolonged
degassing of a pressurized core.
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,222:829843.
18. Mori, Y.H. (Ed.), 2002.
Proceedings of the Fourth
International Conference on Gas
Hydrates, Yokohama, Japan,
May 19-23, vol. 1, pp. 1-294.
19. Trng Minh, Nguyn
Tin Bo, Trn Huyn, 2000. Ch
a nhit v ti nguyn a
nhit ca cc b trm tch thm
lc a Vit Nam. Tuyn tp Hi
ngh KHCN 2000 Ngnh Du kh
Vit Nam trc thm th k 21.
Trang 471-484.
20. Reed, D.L., Silver, E.A.,
Tagudin, J.E., Shipley, T.H.,
Vrolijk, P., 1990. Relations
between mud volcanoes, thrust
deformation, slope sedimentation, and gas hydrate, offshore
North Panama. Marine &
Petroleum Geology 7 (1), 44-54.
21. Rowe, M.M., Gettrust,
J.F., 1993. Faulted structure of
the bottom simulating reflector on
the Blake Ridge, Western North

Atlantic. Geology 21 (9), 833-836.
22. Sloan, E. D., Jr., 1998.
Physical/chemical properties of
gas hydrates and application to
world margin stability and climatic change, in Henriet, J. P. and J.
Mienert, eds., Gas hydrates:
Relevance to world margin stability and climate change: Geol.
Soc.
London,
Special
Publications, v. 137, p. 31.
23. Sloan, E. D., Jr., 1989.
Clathrate hydrates of natural
gases: Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York.
24. Taylor, B. & Hayes D. E.,
1983. Origin and history of the
South China basin. - Part 2Geophys. Monograph. AGU,
Washington, 27, 23-56.
25. Nguyn Nh Trung,
2008. nh gi tim nng gas
hydrate trn bin Vit Nam. Tp
ch Du kh, S 9/2008.
26. Tucholke, B. E., G. M.
Byran, and J. I. Ewing, 1977.
Gas-hydrate horizons detected in
seismic-profiles data from the
Western Northern Atlantic. AAPG
Bull., 61, 698-707.
27. Wang Shuhong, Wen
Yan, and Haibin Song, 2006.
Mapping the thickness of the gas
hydrate stability zone in the
South China sea. Terr Atmos.
Ocean. Sci., Vol. 17, No 4, p.
815-828.
28. Warren L. Prell, Pinxian
Wang, Peter Blum, 1999. Ocean
Drilling Program Leg 184
Preliminary Report South China
sea. P. 102.
29. Wu S., Zhang G., Huang
Y., Liang J., Wong H.K., 2005.

Gas hydrate occurrence on the
continental slope of the northern
South China Sea. Marine and
Petroleum Geology, 22, p.403412.
30. Xu, W., Ruppel, C.,
1999. Predicting the occurrence,
distribution, and evolution of
methane gas hydrate in porous
marine sediments. Journal of
Geophysical Research 104 (B3),
5081-5095.
31. Yang T.F., P.C. Chuang,
S. Lin, J. C. Chen,Y. Wang, and
S. H. Chung, 2006. Methane
Venting in Gas Hydrate Potential
Area Offshore of SW Taiwan:
Evidence of Gas Analysis of
Water Column Samples. Terr.
Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 17, No.
4, 933-950.
32. Yu, X. H., Z. J. Zhang, X.
Su, F. Chen, and Y. Li, 2004.
Primary discussion on accumulation conditions for sedimentation
of gas hydrate and its distribution
in South China sea. Earth-Sci.
Front., 11, 311-315.
33. Zatsepina, O.Y., Buffett,
B.A., 1997. Phase equilibrium of
gas hydrate; implications for the
formation of hydrate in the deepsea floor. Geophysical Research
Letters 24, 1567-1570.
34. Zhang H., Yang S., Wu
N., Su, X., et. al. 2007.
Successful and Surpring results
for Chinas first Gas hydrate
drilling expedition. Methane
Hydrate Newletters., Fire in the
ice, p. 6-10.
du kh - S 3/2009
33
XC NH THM MNG NT N
M BCH H T TI LIU A VT L
GING KHOAN V THM KHONG
BNG PHNG PHP NRON NHN TO
ThS. TRN C LN
TS. HONG VN QU
KS. HONG XUN BN
XNLD Viesovpetro
M U
Ti XNLD Vietsovpetro, i tng khai thc
ch yu l cc thn du trong mng nt n hang hc m Bch H v m Rng. thm l mt
tham s rt quan trng trong cc cng tc c tnh
tr lng, xy dng s cng ngh khai thc,
nn XNLD Vietsovpetro tin hnh hng lot cc
cng tc nghin cu thm ca thn du trong
mng (nghin cu tc khoan, khong mt dung
dch, ly v nghin cu mu li, th va, kho st
dng trong khai thc, ...) v t c mt s kt
qu nht nh. Tuy nhin, do thn du trong
mng nt n l mt i tng a cht rt mi, vic
p dng cc h phng php nghin cu truyn
thng i vi i tng ny cn gp nhiu hn ch
(mu li ch ly c nhng khong rn chc)
nn cc kt qu xc nh thm theo mu li c
ngha thc t rt thp. Cc kt qu xc nh
thm theo ti liu o phc hi p sut v ti liu
kho st dng (Perm-PLT) thng l cc gi tr
thm trung bnh cho nhng khong ln (t 4m ti
hng trm mt). Nhng gi tr thm ny cha
v rt kh s dng trong cc cng tc nghin cu
tip theo, do gii php tnh thm mt cch chi
tit v y hn ( dng mt ct thm ging
khoan) s c gi tr thc t rt ln.
TNG QUAN V MNG NRON NHN TO
Khi nim h thn kinh nhn to c hai nh
nghin cu thn kinh hc Warren McCulloch v
Logic hc Walter Pits xng t nm 1943, song
cho ti tn nm 1969, sau cng b ca hai nh
nghin cu Minsky v Papert khi nim mng
nron nhn to (ANN) mi c khi phc v pht
trin nh ngy nay (3).
34
du kh - S 3/2009
ANN thc cht l chng trnh my tnh c

xy dng theo m hnh mng thn kinh nhn to.
Ngha l mi mng ANN phi tri qua hai qu trnh:
Qu trnh hc tp v qu trnh thc thi (2).
Hnh 1 l s m phng mt mng ANN
dng tnh thm. Mng ANN ny c cu trc 67-1, c ngha l mng c 3 lp: Lp u vo c 6
nt mng tng ng 6 tham s a vt l ging
khoan (VLGK): GR; DT; NPHI; RHOB; LLD v
LLS/MSFL. Lp n c 7 nt mng v lp xut c 1
nt mng tng ng vi thm. Lin h gia cc
nt mng l cc lin kt vi cc trng s tng ng.
Hnh 1. S m phng cu trc mng ANN [6-7-1]

c dng xc nh thm t ti liu VL-GK
Theo m hnh ANN, gii quyt mt qu trnh

phc tp, ANN chia qu trnh thnh nhiu qu
trnh n gin hn. Mi qu trnh n gin c
gii quyt bng cc phn t thc thi (Processing
Elements - PEs). Mi PE c b tr trong mt nt
mng lm nhim v tng hp cc d liu u vo
vi cc trng s ca cc lin kt v thc hin theo
mt hm c gi l hm thc thi (Hnh 1).
Chng ti s dng hm xch ma lm hm thc
Petrovietnam
Bng 1
Hnh 2. th hm xich ma vi a = 0,5 v b = -8
thi cho lp cc nhp v lp xut. Xch ma l hm

phi tuyn tnh, c o hm trong ton khong v c
gi tr trong khong t 0 n 1 (cng thc 1). Chng
ti th s dng hm hyperbolic tangent lm hm
thc thi. Hm ny c khong bin i trong khong
t -1 n 1. Song, kt qu nhn c cng tng
t nh khi dng hm xch ma lm hm thc thi:
thm theo m hnh ANN ti Hnh 1 c

xc nh theo cng thc:
Trong :
f: Hm xchma rt gn, khng c h s b. H
s b c thay bng cc trng s wb[h-out] v
wb[in-h]; W[in-h]i, W[h-out]j: Cc trng s tng ng
ca cc lin kt gia cc nt thuc lp nhp - lp
Nn (i) v lp Nn - lp xut (j).
Mi mng ANN ch c s dng sau khi c
hc tp. Qu trnh hc tp cn gi l qu trnh luyn
mng, da vo tp mu luyn, mng tin hnh xc
nh gi tr cc trng s theo nguyn tc bnh
phng ti thiu vi thut ton lan truyn ngc.
Sau khi hc tp, cc trng s trong mng c c
nh v mng s c s dng xc nh thm
theo cng thc (2).
ID
V1
V2
V3
Desired
Output
20
17.893
20
17.893
20
17.893
20
17.893
20
17.893
10
10.019
10
10.019
10
10.019
10
10.019
10
10
10.019
11
10
10.019
Mt trong nhng c tnh quan trng ca mng

ANN l kh nng thng k theo a s mu. y l
kh nng cho gi tr u ra nghing v gi tr u ra
ca nhng mu chim a s. Bng 1 l mt tp hp
s liu dng minh ha c tnh ny ca ANN.
Tp hp s liu gm 2 nhm c gi tr u vo v
gi tr mong mun khc nhau. Nhm A gm cc
mu t 15 v nhm B gm cc mu t 610. Mu
11 c gi tr u vo ging nhm A nhng gi tr
mong mun li ging nhm B. Sau khi hc tp v
thc thi, ti mu 11 kt qu u ra ca mng s cho
gi tr ging nhm A. Nh vy, mc d mu 11 c
gn cho gi tr mong mun ging nhm B nhng
mng ANN vn nhn ra mu 11 ging nhm A.
Trong qu trnh nghin cu xc nh thm
mng m Bch H, bng vic s dng thm
khong lm tham s mong mun v khai thc kh
nng thng k theo a s mu ca mng ANN c
kt hp phng php bo ton gi tr khong,
chng ti xy dng v cho cc mng ANN hot
ng theo s Hnh 3.
Cc ng VL-GK
Thm khong
Thm im
Hc tp & thc thi
Bo ton gi tr khong
Kim tra iu kin dng
Dng
Lu tr
S DNG THM KHONG LM THAM S

MONG MUN TRONG QU TRNH XY DNG
MNG ANN XC NNH THM T TI LIU
VLGK
Hnh 3. S xc nh thm t ti liu VL-GK

v thm khong
Xc nh thm ti cc ging khoan c ti liu

VLGK v thm khong
Bng s Hnh 3, chng ti xy dng 20

mng ANN ng vi 20 ging khoan c ti liu
du kh - S 3/2009
35
VLGK v thm khong. Hnh 4, 5 th hin mc

ph hp gia thm tnh c so vi cc ti
liu lin quan khc.
thm, mD
thm, mD
thm, mD
thm, mD
st dng (trc X: Perm-PLT) v gi tr trung bnh

thm tnh c theo cc khong cho dng tng
ng (trc Y: Perm-AOZ) ca 20 ging vi 116
khong cho dng. H s tng quan gia 2 i
lng ny cao R > 0,99.
su, m
su, m
su, m
su, m
Xc nh thm ti cc ging khoan ch c ti

liu VLGK
Hnh 4. i snh thm theo ANN (Perm-ANN)

thm khong (Perm-PLT)
Hnh 5. i snh thm theo ANN vi cc s liu

ging khoan khc Hnh B l phng i ca
hnh A ti khong 3600-3660m
S im (khong): 116
S ging: 20
Hnh 6. So snh kt qu tnh Perm-AOZ vi

thm khong Perm-PLT
Hnh 6 l th th hin mi quan h gia

thm khong xc nh theo ti liu th va v kho
36
du kh - S 3/2009
Da trn kt qu xc nh thm ca 20
ging c ti liu VLGK v thm khong
(trn 55.000 mu) c th xy dng mng ANN
xc nh thm ti cc ging ch c ti liu
VLGK. Trong thc t, khng th xy dng mt
mng ANN s dng tp mu c kch thc ln
(55.000 mu) luyn mng. Theo kinh nghim,
kch thc tp mu dng luyn mng nn nh
hn 5.000. Vi mc ch xy dng cc tp mu
luyn c kch thc nh hn thun tin cho vic
luyn cng nh ti luyn mng, chng ti tin hnh
chia tp mu c kch thc ln thnh cc tp mu
c kch thc nh hn. Cc tham s ca mi tp
mu luyn c khong bin thin nht nh v mi
mu ch nm trong mt cc tp mu phn chia duy
nht. i vi nhng mu c tham s nm ngoi
cc khong bin thin ca cc nhm s c loi
b khi tnh ton. Sau khi phn chia thnh cc tp
mu c kch thc nh hn, cc mng ANN tng
qut c xy dng v luyn trn cc tp mu
luyn khc nhau. Bng cch ny, chng ti xy
dng c mt h thng cc mng ANN (gm 27
mng ANN tng qut) dng xc nh thm ti
cc ging khoan ch c ti liu VLGK ca m
Bch H (Hnh 7).
Hnh 7. thm mng nt n m Bch H c

xc nh bng h thng mng ANN ti cc
ging ch c ti liu VL-GK
Kt qu nghin cu thm ca 85 ging

khoan ti tng mng m Bch H bng mng ANN
c ng dng xy dng m hnh thm
phc v bo co khoa hc S cng ngh khai
thc v xy dng m Bch H hiu chnh nm
2008. Bo co ny c cc c
quan khoa hc ca Nh nc Vit Nam
v CHLB Nga ph duyt vo nm 2008.
KT LUN
Vic s dng thm khong lm
s liu mong mun trong m hnh ANN
xc nh thm t ti liu VLGK
m ra mt hng mi trong vic p
dng m hnh mng ANN. Cc gi tr
tham s u ra mong mun (mt yu
cu bt buc ca mng ANN) khng cn
b gii hn bi yu cu i vi tng mu
ring bit m c th c thay th bng
gi tr trung bnh cho mt tp hp mu.
Phng php bo ton gi tr khong c
tnh thc tin cao, c bit trong trng
hp khng th xc nh c gi tr
mong mun cho tng mu.
Bng vic chia tp s liu c kch
thc ln thnh cc tp s liu c kch
thc nh hn luyn mng, c th
xy dng c hng trm mng ANN
tng qut. Mi mng s c luyn
bng mt tp mu luyn c cc tham s
vi khong bin thin ring bit. Tp
hp cc mng ring bit l h thng
mng ANN. H thng mng ANN c tnh
linh hot cao, d dng mi khi b sung
mu, gim chi ph thi gian khi ti luyn
mng.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. L Hi An, 2000. Phng php tnh
thm t ti liu a vt l ging khoan
bng mng nron. Hi ngh khoa hc ln
th 14, Quyn 4: Du kh, H Ni, tr.
57.
2. Trn c Ln, 2005. Gii php nron
nhn to v phng php lm giu cc
tham s trong nghin cu a cht. Tp
ch Du kh, S 3, tr. 2331.
3. Christos Stergiou, 2004. Neuro solution, neuro dimension. 1800 North Main
Street, Suite D4 Gainesville, FL 32609,
http://www.nd.com.
4. S. Mohaghegh, B. Balan, S. Ameri,
1995. State-of-the-art in permeability
determination from well log data. SPE
30979.
VSP V S DNG CC THNG TIN VSP

TRONG TM KIM THM D,
KHAI THC D U KH
KS. NGUYN NH HI
XNLD Vietsovpetro
LI NI U
Trong nghin cu a cht
cn c nhiu thng tin c b
sung c gi tr tng thm
chnh xc kt qu cng tc. Cc
phng php a vt l, trong
c a chn l nhng phng
tin v cng c tm kim thm d
v khai thc du kh c hiu qu
cao. Phng php a chn c
nhiu u vit song cng c phn
hn ch cn c khc phc [7].
Nhng thng tin a cht m a
chn cung cp l quan trng v
ngy cng chnh xc nh nhng
tin b k thut v cng ngh
mi lun xut hin, tuy nhin vn
cn c cc thng tin b sung nh
l a chn ging khoan VSP.
a chn ging khoan vi
tn gi VSP l mt trong nhng
k thut lm giu v chnh xc
thm thng tin a cht.
Vic thc hin kho st v
khai thc cc thng tin VSP l
mt iu ng quan tm trong
tm kim, thm d v c bit
trong giai on pht trin m v
khai thc.
nghin cu d tnh c buc quan

st ln trong lng ging khoan
th hin bng xung ca t gy
u tin v kt thc vic ghi tn
hiu ngay sau ch nhm
xc nh mi quan h thi gianchiu su cc tng nghin cu.
check shot o trong khi khoan
MWD (Hnh 1) dng ngun gy
sng l mi khoan v my thu t
pha trn gn ming ging
khoan su. nghin cu
trng sng khu vc ging
khoan i hi phi c phng
php mi thch hp. Do Check
shot khng p ng c yu
cu ny nn cn c k thut VSP
nhm tha mn nhu cu nghin
cu ny.
TUYN A CHN THNG

NG VSP
Check shot l cch o thi
gian lan truyn sng trc tip t
ngun n t trn b mt n
my thu t su cc tng
38
du kh - S 2/2009
Hnh 1. Mt ct Check-shot thu bng

k thut o trong khi khoan MWD
Trong phng php thm

d a chn c mt dng thu n
khc thng, hng tuyn b tr
my thu sng a chn theo
phng thng ng vung gc
vi cc tuyn trn b mt gi l
tuyn a chn thng ng VSP.
VSP ngha l tuyn a chn
thng ng, vit tt ca cc t
trong nguyn bn ting Nga
e
.
VSP l mt hnh thc ghi
thng tin a chn khng ch xung
u tin sng trc tip n my
thu th hin bng t gy u
tin m cn ghi tip n ht
di ghi nh sn c bc tranh
sng khu vc xung quanh ging
khoan kho st t ngun gy
sng t trn b mt n cc
my thu c khong cch quan
st kh dy t trong lng ging
khoan theo phng thng ng
ca ging khoan. y l mt s
liu tt nht khng th thiu vng
xc lp mi quan h chiu
su-thi gian mt cch chnh
xc, xy dng bng a chn
tng hp, nghin cu bc tranh
sng trong c cc loi sng
nhiu k c sng lp li hin din
trn mt ct a chn lm cn tr
cho vic nghin cu a cht, xc
nh bt ng hng Anisotropy
v nhiu ng dng khc...
VSP xut hin v pht trin
Petrovietnam
mnh Lin X thi trc y

ri lan rng sang cc nc khc
c ngnh cng nghip du kh
pht trin trn th gii v gi
nguyn tn gi ca n khi dch
sang ting Anh Vertical Seismic
Profiling - VSP.
Do phng php a chn
dng n v thi gian (sec., ms.)
o thi gian lan truyn sng a
chn TWT t ngun gy sng
n cc i tng nm su trong
lng t ri phn x ln my thu,
trong khi cc i tng
nghin cu a cht khi khoan
su tm kim thm d li s dng
n v o chiu di bng meter
hoc feet nn cn phi c mi
quan h chiu su-thi gian
chuyn i nghin cu a
cht. Chnh mi quan h ny l
mt trong nhng c tnh c
th hin trong ti liu a chn
VSP xc nh c chnh xc tc
lan truyn sng a chn. V
vy, mt trong nhng gi tr ca
s liu VSP l cu ni gia hai
thang n v chiu su ca hai s
liu nghin cu a cht.
Ph thuc vo cch b tr
hnh hc my thu v ngun n
trong qu trnh thu n m VSP c
cc tn gi khc nhau.
nghin cu bc tranh
sng a chn y trn ti liu
thu c bng phng php
VSP cn thit phi c bc quan
st nh hn so vi khong cch
khi o Check-shot c phn
gii cao. VSP dng hai ngun n
trn b mt cc khong cch
khc nhau: Ngun n Gn t
st ngay ming ging khoan su
(ZERO OFFSET) ghi v xc
nh chun mc ZERO PHASE
cho a chn thm d b mt 2D,
3D ng thi ghi ton b cc loi
sng trong c c cc loi sng
nhiu. Ngun n Xa (OFFSET)
cch ming ging khoan kho
st t trn 2000m ty theo
su ging khoan nghin cu
loi tr mt s sng nhiu khi ghi
c ngun n gn nh sng
ct dung dch, sng ng chng,
sng cp, v ghi c sng
khc x, sng chuyn i PS. S
liu VSP OFFSET c nh hng
ca bt ng hng, mc
nh hng ny ph thuc vo
ln offset (Hnh 2). Loi VSP
Walkaway hay gi l biu
ngc ni ln s ph thuc ny
v cung cp s liu tt nht cho
nghin cu bt ng hng. Do
khong cch cc my thu gn
nhau v dng hai ngun n hai
khong cch khc nhau nn thi
gian s dng gin khoan o VSP
v thi gian x l bng phn
mm chuyn dng v minh gii
kt qu kho st c chi ph cao
hn. V vy gi thnh kho st
VSP hay Walkaway ln hn rt
nhiu so vi Check shot.
Khi tin hnh cng tc thc
a cn lu n cht lng ti
liu thu n. chnh xc ca tc
ph thuc vo chnh xc
ca xung nh du thi gian bt
u pht sng (Moment) v thi
gian sng trc tip m my thu
ghi c v cc my kim tra.
Trn bng a chn nhng xung
ny th hin r rng, sc nt
khng b nhiu nh hng. Nht
thit phi c my thu kim tra
qu trnh thu n.
Mt ct VSP l bc tranh
sng th hin mi quan h chiu
su o bng n v m ( su
my thu trong ging khoan) v
thi gian lan truyn sng a
chn o bng ms ghi c trn
my thu Hnh 3 [11].
Trn c s kt qu x l thu
nhn c bc tranh sng a
chn cn khai thc trit cc
thng tin thu nhn c cho
nhiu mc ch thit thc khc
nhau.
Hin nay cc cng ty cho
tin hnh o VSP mt ngun n
zero offset v khai thc n ch
u ch s dng tc cho
chuyn i sang thang chiu su
Ngun n E1 gn
(Zero offset)
Ngun n E2 xa
(Offset)
Hnh 2. S b tr hnh hc v tr
thu n VSP cho im n
gn E1 (Zerooffset), im
n xa E2 (Offset) my thu
trong lng ging khoan
Hnh 3. S cc loi sng phn

x v sng lp li
hoc dng tc VSP lm tc

x l. Nu ch c vy th y l
mt vic lm cn suy st v l s
lng ph ng tic.
CC NG DNG CA VSP
Ti liu VSP c nhiu ng
dng c gi tr v rng ri trong
nghin cu a cht.
Ti liu VSP ng dng:
Xc nh mi quan h chiu
su-thi gian chnh xc cho ti
liu a chn v ging khoan. T
thc hin chuyn i ti liu
a chn b mt 2D, 3D t thang
thi gian sang chiu su, chnh
xc li bn cu trc theo
chiu su;
Nghin cu bc tranh sng
(Hnh 4), trn c s xc nh
cc loi nhiu, trong c cc
du kh - S 3/2009
39
Ghi ch:
- Sng trc tip downgoing
7 - Sng phn x upgoing
7 - Sng lp li multiple downgoing
PS - Sng trao i convered PS c tc
thp hn
Hnh 4. Bc tranh sng VSP- Quan h Chiu su -Thi gian [13]
Hnh 5. Ti liu sonic c hiu chnh

(ng in m lin) nh s liu VSP
trong cng mt ging khoan m
Bch H [13] cho thy s khc bit gi
tr sonic cn c lu khi phn tch.
iu ny chng t c nhiu ti liu
sonic cc ging khoan khc
c s dng minh gii m khng
c hiu chnh.
loi sng lp li;

Tnh cc thng s DECON cho
x l a chn b mt, c bit
loi tr sng lp li v kim
nghim li kt qu x l a chn
b mt;
40
du kh - S 3/2009
Lm chun ZERO PHASE t

s liu zero offset VSP cho x l
a chn b mt 2D v 3D;
To tp h s phn x lm
bng a chn tng hp.;
Chun chnh cho chnh xc ti
liu logging sonic v tc
(Hnh 5);
Nghch o a chn t thng
s tc v mt c
hiu chnh.
D on lt ct v cu trc a
cht su pha di y ging
khoan;
Lin kt xc nh a tng; gn
cc tng nghin cu vi cc tng
phn x a chn;
To h s Poisson, nghin cu
rng, thm, bo ha;
Nghin cu tnh bt ng
hng; nghin cu suy gim
nng lng truyn sng;
Nghin cu AVO;
Xc nh cc va cha kh
Hydrat v cc thnh phn trm
tch cn nghin cu khc.
Lin kt
Trn c s s liu VSP xc
nh c mi quan h Thi gian
- Chiu su, nh c th tin
hnh lin kt mt cch tin tng
cc tng phn x a chn vi
cc ranh gii a cht. T ti liu
VSP to ra bng a chn tng
hp - tch ca h s phn x vi
xung a chn (wavelet) cng
c thc hin lin kt. Mt iu
cn lu rng khng phi ch

no cc tng phn x trn mt
ct i qua ging khoan cng
trng vi cc tng bng a
chn tng hp v c s khc bit
phng php ghi v cc thng
s thu n v x l, chng hn
nh tn s v bc mu ha
khc nhau. y cng l iu cn
lu khi to bng a chn tng
hp v qu trnh s dng. V vy
khi lin kt ch c mt khong
su nht nh trn mt ct a
chn phn i qua ging khoan c
kh nng trng vi bng a chn
tng hp, cn phn khc s
khng th trng nhau m ch
dng nhn dng cho vic lin
kt. i vi cc tng su hn y
ging khoan cho php d on.
Ti liu VSP cho php xc
nh nghing cc tng phn
x v bnh t gy c tin
tng cao khi lin kt.
Ti liu VSP cn thit cho
vic to mt ct a cht thng
qua nghch o a chn v
nghin cu thuc tnh AVO/AVAZ
cho c tnh tng cha ti khu vc
ging khoan v lm c s im
nt lin kt cho vic ng dng
mng li thn kinh nhn to nh
m hnh nt n lin tc CFM v
mng li nt n khng lin tc
DFN trn phm vi ton m.
T c
Ti liu VSP l cu ni cn
thit trc tip v gin tip gia
cc ranh gii a cht trong mt
ct a cht v phn hi a chn
ca n. Sng dc P (wave) ghi
trong VSP zero offset ging
khoan thng ng cho php d
on tc a phng khu vc
ging khoan v bt ng hng
khng cn c thng tin khc.
Chuyn i t thi gian
sang chiu su l mt bc quan
trng ca phng php a chn
phn x. Chuyn t thi gian lan
truyn sng n hi sang su
thc da trn tc sng a
chn o c trong mi trng
Petrovietnam
a cht (trm tch, mng,

magma, nc). Chuyn i
chiu su kt hp vi mt vi
ngun thng tin v tc thu
nhn m hnh tc ba chiu:
Chiu su cc tng a cht
xc nh trong cc ging khoan
du kh.
Nhng hiu bit v kinh
nghim v tc t trong
vng kho st.
Tc cng thu nhn c
trong qu trnh x l ti liu a
chn.
Tc sng a chn trong
cc ging khoan su du kh xc
nh bng thi gian lan truyn
sng t ngun pht n my thu
su xc nh khi o.
Do thi gian sng trc tip
thu c trong VSP zero offset
c ngun n t ti ming ging
khoan nn tc dng
chuyn i Thi gian-Chiu su
cho gi tr chnh xc cao. C l
y l li th c a s cc
cng ty du kh p dng ch yu
trong khai thc thng tin VSP.
Tc VSP c coi l chun
cho php to ra bn chiu su
v chiu dy cc tng minh gii
trn ti liu a chn. Nhng bn
ny l ti liu quyt nh n
cng tc khoan thm d du kh
v chng cho php nh gi tim
nng du kh trong va v kh
nng thit k ging khoan.
Tuy nhin,do tc VSP c
bn cht khc vi tc a chn
c bit l tc dch chuyn
nn hai s liu ny c gi tr khc
nhau v khng nn nhm ln khi
p dng lm m hnh tc .
Thc t tng xy ra s nhm
ln ny dn n gim cht lng
ti liu x l v ko di thi gian
khc phc hu qu.
Phn hi sng phn x
trong t c th quan st thy
phn gii a chn ghi c
cho php lin kt vi ct a tng
thch hc chnh xc v cho php
d on v xc nh tt hn tp
h s phn x to ra tr
khng m hc v nghch o a
chn lm phng tin xc nh
a tng trong qu trnh trm tch
v d on s thay i thch hc
phn mt ct nm di mi
khoan cha i qua.
T y cho thy s liu VSP
c s dng nh gi cc
thng s DECON v di tn tn
hiu ca a chn b mt.
Zero phase
Do ngun n t ngay trn
ming ging khoan su thng
ng - zero offset, tia sng ti t
ngun n n my thu trong
ging khoan c gc rt nh nn
thnh phn P sng dc c phase
coi nh ZERO, iu ny hon
ton khoc bit vi tia v ng
i sng P phn x trong a chn
b mt. Trong x l ti liu a
chn c chng trnh bin i t
phase minimum sang phase zero
cho mc ch minh gii c d
dng- ranh gii phn x l ranh
gii a cht trng vi cc tiu
(pha trng) hoc cc i (pha
en). Tuy nhin,vic chuyn i
ny khng thc s t c
Phase 0. Ti liu VSP zero offset cung cp ti liu chun cho
vic xc nh 0 phase trong x
l ti liu a chn. Bi vy khi b
tr ngun n zero offset cn a
vo gn ming ging khoan kho
st. Do iu kin thi cng mt s
kho st VSP zero offset khng
t c iu ny dn n
chun zero phase khng cn
ng, lm sai lch phase ca tn
hiu a chn dn n vic xc
nh ranh gii cc tng v tnh
lin tc ca phn x sai lch gy
kh khn cho vic lin kt vi
bng a chn tng hp v ti
liu logging.
Phn hi phn x ca t
c th quan st bng phn
gii ca s liu a chn cho
php lin kt a tng v thch
hc c chnh xc cng nh
cho php d tnh lot h s phn
x. S liu a chn pha 0 l

u vo cho nghch o a
chn. Nghch o mch a chn
to ra tr khng m hc, bin
mt ct a chn thnh mt ct
a cht dn n vic xc nh tt
hn cc chu k trm tch v xc
lp tnh thay i thch hc ca
mt ct khoan qua v d tnh
c c s thnh phn thch hc
phn pha trc mi khoan mt
ct cha c m.
Deconvolution
Deconvolution (DECON) l
qu trnh loi b nh hng b
lc ca mi trng truyn sng
i vi tn hiu a chn khi lan
truyn trong t t ngun gy
sng n my thu.
DECON l cng c x l s
liu a chn c bit l a chn
bin nhm t c mc ch
lm sch v cung cp thng tin r
rng v c ch phn x v phn
x nhiu ln. c im ca a
chn bin l hin tng sng di
reverberation t ngun n vi
y bin, mt loi sng lp li
ph bin m DECON l st th
ca n. Loi sng ny d dng
nhn bit v xc nh bng ti
liu VSP.
Trong x l ti liu a chn
b mt 2D v 3D, lc ngc
Deconvolutio (DECON) trc v
sau khi cng l nhng bc
khng th b qua trong chui
chng trnh x l, i hi chi ph
nhiu thi gian th la chn
c t hp cc thng s ti u,
trong c loi tr sng lp li
lm sch mt ct. Vic xc nh
cc thng s DECON cn phi
c c s v s liu c th. Ti
liu VSP l loi ti liu tha mn
yu cu ny. Trn c s phn
tch bc tranh sng a chn
VSP c th d dng nhn bit
cc loi sng lp li v t tnh
ton cc thng s DECON hp
l. Tuy nhin vic lm ny t khi
c ch v p dng trong x
l ti liu a chn 2D, 3D m ch
du kh - S 3/2009
41
yu mang tnh cht kinh nghim

v p t.
S liu VSP c th c s
dng ly thng tin cho cc
thng s lc ngc DECON v
di tn tn hiu. p dng c
trng tch sng i ln (upgoing)
v i xung (downgoing) ca ti
liu VSP trong nm bc cn
thc hin la chn thng s lc
ngc Deconvolution ti liu a
chn b mt 2D, 3D c thng
s ti u. Cc thng s Decon ti
liu a chn b mt nh gap,
operator length, windows nh
m c th la chn kt hp vi
c s tng hp ph hp vi iu
kin a cht ca khu vc ging
khoan v cch xa ngoi ging
khoan Khng th ly thng s
p dng mt phn mm ca
cng ty ny v ca mt vng no
em gn vo phn mm x l
khc cho mt vng khc. Vic x
l khng phi bao gi cng thc
hin c d dng v hon ho.
Nghin cu bt ng hng
(Anisotropy)
Bt ng hng tc a
chn l s ph thuc cc tnh
cht vt l v hng hoc cc
c o ti mt v tr c th trong
thnh h. Nguyn nhn gy ra
bt ng hng bi tnh khng
ng nht v vt cht, thch hc
trong thn . Nu b qua cc
thng s bt ng hng trong
x l ti liu a chn b mt 2D,
3D th s dn n nhng sai st
ng tic khi phn tch tc ,
hiu chnh ng NMO, dch
chuyn, chuyn i t thi gian
sang chiu su, phn tch AVO
v nghch o. Tnh bt ng
hng trong trm tch l cc
lp thch hc nm xen k nhau
trong mt t l nh so vi chiu
di bc sng a chn theo
hng ch o ca cc khong
cht nh l st, hng cc rn
nt hay nt n v tr ng sut
lm thay i hnh dng l hng
42
du kh - S 3/2009
v cc nt n c sn. Cc h
tng st chim n 75% thnh
phn trong cc bn trm tch v
thng ng vai tr ngun m
sinh du v tng chn l tng
cc tng cha du kh. mc
nh cc ht st sp t vi
nhau theo mt hng ch o.
S sp t ca cc phin st l
nguyn nhn gy ra bt ng
hng trong st.
Mi trng ng hng
c xc nh bng mi quan
h gia ng sut lc v sc
cng.
Xc nh thng s suy gim
nng lng t s liu VSP
nh gi nh hng nt n i
vi s lan truyn sng n hi
ph hp vi di tn theo su
ca lt ct a cht.
Tc a chn v tnh bt
ng hng tng dn theo chiu
su trm tch [9].
Nu khng a yu t bt
ng hng vo x l ti liu a
chn s c hin tng lm mo
v m hnh nh cu trc a cht
cc tng phn x khi nghin cu
nh hng lin quan n thng
tin quan trng v h thng nt n
v bo ha cht lu. Trong
trng hp c bit Anisotropy l
vn then cht cho x l, minh
gii s liu a thnh phn. X l
sng trao i v phn tch, minh
gii cc tnh cht bt ng
hng ph thuc tn s l cng
vic ang c quan tm n.
S dng cc thuc tnh ph
thuc tn s cho php cc nh
a cht thu nhn cc thng tin v
qui m h thng nt n, lin
thng v bo ha m khng
th t c bng phn tch v
minh gii truyn thng.
Gi tr h s bt ng
hng cng c th thu nhn
c b sung bng cc thng tin
khc t cc loi ti liu a vt l
ging khoan (logs) v chnh ti
liu a chn b mt c khong
cch thu n ln xy dng m

hnh tc dch chuyn bt ng
hng cho ph hp vi thc t
cc thnh h cng nh c tnh
thch hc v nt n.
VSP cho php o trc tip
bt ng hng tc a
chn, phn tn, d on v xc
nh sng nhiu lp li v p
dng trong x l ti liu a chn
b mt. Sng dc P- wave ghi
trong VSP ging khoan thng
ng cho php d on tc
a phng khu vc xung
quanh ging khoan v bt ng
hng m khng cn c thng
tin khc.
Bt ng hng, thng s
then cht nh hng chnh n
vic o trc tip bng walkway
VSP hay cn gi VSP biu
ngc. VSP walkway l cng c
l tng xc nh cc thng
s bt ng hng anisotropy
tc a chn nh khai thc
suy gim ngang v ng. Thng
s bt ng hng thu c t
ngun Zero offset v offset (walkaway) c gi tr trong x l ti liu
a chn b mt. Chnh cc
thng s bt ng hng c
xc nh t ti liu VSP s cung
cp thng tin b sung cho cng
tc x l ti liu a chn cng
ngh Anisotropy PSTM hoc
PSDM mi xut hin nhng nm
gn y nhng cng ty ln.
Nhng gi tr thu nhn ny c
s dng lm tng cht lng kt
qu x l ti liu a chn b mt
2D, 3D v hiu bit ton b v
tng cha c bit l tng cha
nt n.
Cc thng s x l khc c
th c ti u ha bng vic s
dng thng tin VSP. Cng phi
tha nhn rng c nhng nh
hng tch cc trong pht trin
m bi kh nng thay th cc
ging khoan tt hn nh cc
thng tin a chn c hon
thin nh nu trn.
Petrovietnam
VSP TRONG TM KIM THM

D V KHAI THC DU KH
VIT NAM V XNLD
VIETSOVPETRO
VSP Vit Nam p dng
ln u tin nhng nm 70 ca
th k trc min vng H Ni
trong cc ging khoan su
Quang Bnh (Kin Xng, Thi
Bnh), ging khoan 102 Xun
Thy (H Nam Ninh) do mt
i a chn s 5 chuyn lm
VSP thuc on a vt l 36F
Tng cc a cht sau ny l
Tng cc Du kh Vit Nam thc
hin bng thit b chuyn dng.
Do a nhit vng ny cao v
thit b lng ging khoan chu
nhit km nn vic thi cng gp
nhiu kh khn v cht lng ti
liu thu c khng cao.
Cc ging khoan tm kim
c kho st tc bn trng
Cu Long v Nam Cn Sn
trc nm 1980 c cc cng
ty du kh thu nh thu SSL
(England) thc hin vi mc ch
ly tc ch chuyn i
thang thi gian sang chiu su
v ngc li.
XNLD Vietsovpetro thc
hin o VSP ngay t ging
khoan tm kim thm d u tin
BH-5 ca mnh, cho n nay
XNLD thc hin c trn
50 ging khoan tm kim thm
d, trong ch yu m Bch
H v Rng thng qua cc nh
thu DMNG (Lin X c ), CGG,
Schlumberger. Trong s ny ch
c duy nht mt ln thc hin o
VSP ng ngha bng hai ngun
n Gn (Zero offset ) v Xa (offset) trong ging khoan tm kim
R-1 m Rng. Sang thp k 90
ca th k trc c s chuyn
bin tch cc bng vic chuyn
t my thu tng t mt thnh
phn (Z) trong ging khoan sang
s dng my thu ghi s ba thnh
phn ( X, Y, Z) - mt thnh phn
ng v hai thnh phn ngang
vung gc vi nhau. Trong s
cc VSP o c c nhng kho

st c bc quan st kh dy
5m, 10m, 15m t y ging
khoan ln n gn y bin cho
bc tranh sng y ca mt
ct a cht qua ging khoan kh
tt.
Do ph thuc vo thc trng
gin khoan nn nhiu khi
khng thc hin c v tr hnh
hc ngun n ti u khi tnh n
yu t cu trc cc i tng
nghin cu. c chun ZERO
phase ng ngha ca n
chn VSP cc ging khoan su
thng ng c ngun n ZERO
OFFSET. Do ngun n t ngay
trn ming ging khoan su
thng ng, tia sng ti t ngun
n t trn b mt trc tip n
my thu trong ging khoan c
gc ti rt nh nn thnh phn Z
sng dc P wave c phase coi l
ZERO, iu ny hon ton khc
bit vi tia v ng i sng P
phn x trong a chn b mt.
V vy, vic tip tc lc v chun
ha tr v phase 0 khi x l
ti liu a chn b mt l cn
thit. XNLD khai thc cc
thng tin VSP phc v cho
cng tc x l a chn b mt
2D v 3D. S dng tnh u vit
ca VSP l tch sng downgoing
v khai thc n tnh lch
pha v loi tr sng lp li.
Chng hn khi chuyn phase
ZERO, xoay mt gc 400
tr v ZERO khi x l ti liu 3D
m Rng, cn Bch H ti
ging khoan BH-7 lch 290, BH405 l 210 [7]. Dng s liu VSP
cn chnh ti liu Sonic
trong cng mt ging khoan
(Hnh 5 ). C lch gia ti liu
th v ti liu sau khi chun
chnh. iu ny cho thy a s
ti liu Sonic khng c hiu
chnh trc khi s dng v s
lng ging khoan c VSP ch
c mt s t trong cc ging
tm kim thm d. Nhng yu t
ny nh hng ln n chnh
xc phn tch, xc nh thch
hc, rng, tr lng, to

bng a chn tng hp, tr
khng m hc hay n hi v
nghch o a chn trong giai
on khai thc m.
Trong qu trnh x l ti liu
a chn b mt 2D, 3D tuy p
dng lc ngc Decon lm
gim hiu ng sng di y bin
reverberation nhng kt qu tn
hiu a chn vn cn cha tht
s l pha zero. Ti liu VSP l
c s to ra cc thng s
DECON ti u, gim thi gian
th, i khi mang tnh linh cm
ngh nghip t c kt qu tt
p. i khi chnh nh thu thc
hin cng tc x l cng khng
ch n vic khai thc v s
dng s liu VSP. Tc VSP l
thng s quan trng chuyn
i s liu t min thi gian sang
chiu su c chnh xc. Trong
s cc ging khoan o VSP m
Bch H th ging BH-905 c
chiu su ln nht, 1000m khoan
su trong mng. Ti y c s
liu tc lan truyn sng a
chn trong mng c xc
nh tin tng lm giu thm
ngun thng tin v mng m
Bch H. VSP trong cc ging
khoan khc nhau m Bch H
cho thng tin khc bit v tc
lan truyn sng a chn trong
mng granite nt n v khng
nt n lm quy lut c s vng
chc cho vic lp m hnh tc
dch chuyn ca cng tc x l
dch chuyn chiu su.
Thng qua vic nghin cu
s liu VSP thy rng tnh bt
ng hng th hin r rng v
mnh m cc ging khoan
kho st trn m Bch H v
Rng. Ring phn nt n trong
mng cho thy s khc bit ln,
nhng vn cn hn ch do
su ging khoan ch xuyn n
su thc t trn c s thit k.
Do chi ph thi gian s dng
ging khoan tng i nhiu nn
mt s cng ty du kh gim
du kh - S 3/2009
43
chi ph ny bng cch rt ngn

thi gian o VSP khong cch
quan st ln hoc s dng check
shot ch ly s liu tc cho
mc ch chuyn i chiu su thi gian.
Khi tin hnh thu n VSP
ngoi thc a cn m bo cc
s o k c s liu kim tra
lm hiu chnh c chnh xc
cao cung cp cho cng tc
nghin cu. V vy vic gim st
nh thu o thc a trn cc
gin c nh v cc gin di ng
XNLD Vietsovpetro chng
minh s cn thit v tm quan
trng ca cng vic ny.
chnh xc ca s liu VSP thi
gian chiu su, tc l u vo
ca cc cng on nghin cu
khc.
h tr vic lin kt vi
ti liu a chn b mt t c
kt qu cao, s liu VSP cn
thc hin dch chuyn trc khi
cng nh ti liu b mt.
T nhng nm trc y
mt s nh thu c nhng c
gng khc phc hin tng
khng trng hp khi lin kt bng
cch thay i cc thng s x l
cho ph hp tng i vi s
liu a chn b mt.
KT LUN
S liu VSP l thng tin h
tr cn thit cho nghin cu a
cht.
VSP cn c thc hin
ton b mt ct m trong cc
ging khoan tm kim, thm d
v thm nh cung cp cc
thng tin cn thit cho hin ti v
nghin cu sau ny.
Khai thc cc thng tin VSP
h tr x l ti liu a chn
b mt c tc dng lm tng
ng k cht lng x l. L s
liu tt nht xc nh su
cc i tng nghin cu v xy
dng bn cu to t s liu
a chn.
44
du kh - S 3/2009
S liu VSP khng th thiu

trong vic to bng a chn tng
hp v nghch o.
Cc thng tin VSP c s
dng cho nghin cu a tng,
thch hc, lm m hnh a cht
c bit cho tng cha nt n
ca cc m du kh trong giai
on pht trin m.
S liu VSP cn thit
hiu chnh v kt hp vi cc ti
liu khc cho cng tc nghin
cu a cht. y l cng vic
khng th b qua cc ging
khoan tm kim thm d v thm
nh cho cc m du kh. Ti liu
VSP l c s xc nhn v
nh gi cht lng v hiu qu
ca chui chng trnh x l ti
liu a chn b mt 2D v 3D.
Cng nh cc phng
php nghin cu a cht khc
cn cp nht nhng tin b k
thut cng ngh mi nng
cao hiu qu cng tc.
Tc gi chn thnh cm n
XNLD Vietsovpetro cho php
tham kho v s dng mt s ti
liu cho bi vit ny.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Craig A. Coulombe, Robert
R.Stewart and Michael J. Jones
Amplitude-versus-offset analysis using the vertical seismic profilile.
2. Galperin E.I,.Vertical Seismic
Profiling and its Exploration
Potential, Nh xut bn
nguyn bn ting Nga v ting
Anh.
3. Hampson D. and Mewhort L,
Using a VSP to investigate a
multiple problem in Western
Canada.
4. Helbig K, Rijksuniversity of
Utrecht and Free Unuversity of
Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
Foundation of Anisotropy for
Exploration Seismics, Elsevier.
5. Majer E. L, Peterson J.E.,
McEvilly T.V. and.Tura M.A,
The Application of VSP and
Cross-Hole
Tomographic
Imaging
for
Fracture
Characterization
at
Yucca
Mountain.
6. Moore G.F., Zhao Z., Shipley
H., Integration of VSP, logging
and Seismic data in the vicinity of
the
decollement,
Northern
Barbador Rige accretionary
prism.
7. Nguyn nh Hi, Lun vn tt
nghip Cng tc nghin cu a
chn ging khoan tuyn thng
ng VSP vng Borsunur,
Cng ha Aderbaidgian, Lin X,
1973.
8. Nguyn nh Hi, Nghch o
a chn - Inversion, Tuyn tp
bo co Hi ngh Khoa hc k
thut a vt l Vit Nam ln th
4, 24/09/2005, trang 435-444.
9. Nguyn nh Hi, Gii php
bt ng hng cho nghin cu
nt n, Tp ch Du kh, S
8/2007, trang 24-29.
10. Pecher L.A; Holbrool W.S.;
Stephen
R.A;
Hoskin
H.;.Lizarralde
D;
NAVAL
RESEARCH LAB STENNIS
SPASE CENTER MS GEOLOGY/ GEOPHYSICS SECTION:
Offset- Vertical Seismic Profiling
for Marine Gas Hydrate.
11. Kennett P., Ireson R.L., Conn
P.J. of Seismograph Service
(England) Limited, Vertical seismic Profiles: Their Applications in
Exploration Geophysics.
12.
Ronal
F.Ullmann,
Deconvolution
of
Surface
Seismic Data Using Vertical
Seismic Profiles.
13. Cc bo co x l a chn
b mt v bo co thc hin
kho st v x l VSP ti cc
ging
khoan
ca
XNLD
Vietsovpetro.
AN TON - MI TRNG du kh
GIM THIU V HNG TI

KHNG THI CHT THI KHOAN VIT NAM
MT GII PHP MI TRNG CN XEM XT
ThS. NGUYN B LC
Tng cng ty Thm d Khai thc Du kh
c d cn lu na
Vit Nam mi c
th p dng bin
php cm thi cht thi khoan
du kh xung bin nh Nauy v
cc nc khu vc bin Bc
lm, nhng ngnh Du kh cng
nn bt u nghin cu gim
thiu v hng ti khng thi
cht thi khoan nhm mc tiu
bo v mi trng v pht trin
bn vng. lm c vic ny
i hi phi p dng nhng cng
ngh mi, tin tin khng ch
trong cng ngh du kh m cn
trong k thut x l cht thi du
kh. Nhng k thut x l cht
thi du kh trong bi vit ny s
nh nhng xut c th p
dng v p ng cc mc tiu
cn hng ti.
M U
t vn
Vic qun l tt lng dung
dch khoan s dng v p dng
cc bin php tun hon, ti s
dng s to iu kin thun li
cho vic gim thiu cht thi, to
c s cho vic p dng phng
php x l sinh hc - s dng
giun phn hy - x l mn
khoan thi tch ra t dung dch
khoan. iu ny khng ch gip
gim thiu cht thi m cn gp

phn to ra sn phm ti ch c
ch, p ng c mc tiu hn
ch thi cht thi v tin ti mc
tiu khng thi.
Pht trin bn vng c
ngha l hiu qu sn xut phi
gn vi bo v mi trng, tc l
phi hi ha li ch ca doanh
nghip v bo v mi trng,
iu ny khng d v ch c mt
cch duy nht l qun l kinh
doanh mt cch ng n. Trong
khi gnh nng bo v mi trng
v tin ti mc tiu khng thi s
nng ln cc nh thu, th bn
thn cc nh thu s phi nghin
cu mt chin lc ln cng vi
cc i tc nhm to ra nhng
gii php c hiu qu v kinh t,
p ng nghim ngt cc mc
tiu v mi trng v pht trin.
Nhng gii php di y s
gip thc hin v p ng cc
mc tiu ny.
Hng ti mc tiu khng
thi?
Cc nh thu du kh u
v ang p dng hng lot
nhng bin php thi cht thi
khoan, nhng phng php ny
ph thuc vo a im p dng,
tnh cht ca cht thi v cc quy
nh ca chnh quyn s ti.
Nhng thng thng, c ba la

chn thi mn khoan thi nh
sau:
- Mn khoan thi t dung
dch gc nc c php thi ti
ch: Phng php ny c p
dng khng ch Vit Nam m
cn c p dng ti khu vc
bin Bc;
- Vi h dung dch gc tng
hp, cc nh thu c th bm
ngc tr li va/ging, hoc
cng c th ch v b x l
v thi b. Ti Vit Nam, cht
thi khoan t h dung dch gc
tng hp loi Saraline 200 do
Cu Long JOC s dng c
php thi xung bin, vng cch
b ngoi 3 hi l, vi hm lng
du khng ln hn 10g/1kg mn
khoan kh. Ti t lin, m Tin
Hi, PVEP cng s dng
dung dch khoan gc tng hp
loi Paraland B v cht thi
khoan c nh thu ca PVEP
x l bng phng php chng
ct, hiu qu rt tt vi lng
du thu hi c ti s dng cho
cng nghip tuyn ni qung kim
loi, mn khoan dng lm b
tng p ng.
- Nu hm lng du trong
cht thi di 1% th c php
thi xung bin.
du kh - S 3/2009
45
Tuy nhin, nu p dng

chnh sch khng thi s c tc
ng ti hot ng khoan do cc
nh thu khi s khng dng
dung dch khoan gc nc na
m s chn dung dch gc tng
hp thi cng bi dung dch
gc tng hp c nhiu u im
hn hn dung dch gc nc
trong thi cng, n li c th c
ti s dng nn chi ph gim hn
v thi t cht thi hn nhng tc
hi ca dung dch gc tng hp
ti mi trng li ln hn. l
mi e da m cc nh thu v
cc cng ty dch v phi cn
nhc khi s dng dung dch gc
tng hp do kh nng tc ng
ti mi trng v nh hng ti
qu trnh pht trin bn vng.
QUN L CHT THI KHOAN
Ti s dng dung dch khoan
Theo hng dn 96/61/EU
ca Lin minh chu u v kim
sot v ngn nga nhim
(IPPC), vic cm thi cht thi
khoan tun th yu cu p
dng k thut tt nht (BAT)
trong tng tr v x l cht thi
khoan. Tuy nhin, quy nh ny
(BAT) s rt kh thc hin v
khng mang tnh thc t bi khi
thi cht thi khoan phi xt n
c th tch cht thi v c tnh
ca chng, m tnh cht t nhin
ca cht thi khoan v th tch
thi li lin quan trc tip n loi
dung dch khoan c s dng.
Hn na, n lc gim thiu
cht thi cn phi tnh n loi
dung dch s s dng, thng s
khoan, ng knh ging, s
lng ging v thit b lu tr
cht thi rn.
B sung cho BAT l BEP,
tnh thc t nht i vi mi
trng, tc l cc n v qun l
cht thi phi xem xt nghim tc
c v k thut, chi ph v mi
trng, iu c ngha l cht
thi s c ti s dng mt
46
du kh - S 3/2009
Nguyn
liu
Dung
Dch
- X l nhit
- Sn xut asphalt
- Nguyn liu
cng nghip
- X l sinh hc
Thi tr li va - Chn lp
Khoan
ngoi khi
Ti s dng
t
lin
Hnh 1. Khi nim vng i sn phm
cch trit nht.

Trc , mn khoan v
cc cht thi khoan khc c
xem nh l cc cht khng th
s dng li v phi c x l,
hn na, trong nhng nm qua,
phn ln cc n lc mi trng
u tp trung vo vic gim thiu
thi cht thi mt cch n
thun. Sau , cc nh thu
cng tin hnh ti s dng
dung dch khoan gc nc nh
l mt cch gim chi ph,
nhng cng cn phi xt n
vic hi ha li ch ca c nh
iu hnh v nh cung cp dung
dch khoan. Thc t minh
chng rng li ch kinh t ca
vic ti s dng dung dch khoan
chnh l vic gim thiu lng
cht thi thi ra mi trng.
Vic ti s dng dung dch
khoan cng c ngha rng th
tch dung dch khoan cn pha
ch mi v vn chuyn ti gin
khoan s gim, khi chi ph cho
vn chuyn v cc ri ro khi vn
chuyn nh trn, hay cc s
c i vi mi trng s gim.
Cht thi sau khi c x l s
c ti s dng, khi lng ti
s dng nhiu hay t ty thuc
vo tnh cht t nhin ca cht
thi. Do vy, khi tnh ton cc p
lc i vi mi trng, phng
php BAT s gy ra nhiu phc
tp. n gin hn, nn tun
th phng php phn tch vng
i sn phm (Hnh 1).
Hin nay, khi nim ny rt
ph bin v c tnh thc t i
vi cc nh thu trong vic yu
cu cc nh cung cp dung dch
khoan phi gii thiu cc gii

php vng i sn phm trong
h s d thu v trong hp
ng. Khi nim ny l gii php
kh thi tun th theo tiu
chun BAT v BEP.
c th p dng quy nh
khng thi v to c s hp tc
vi cc nh cung cp, cc nh
iu hnh nn da trn khi
nim Qun l tng lng dung
dch (TFM), bi y l cng c
hng dn thc hin quan trc
v gim st mi trng.
TFM v chu trnh ca cht thi
Vi chng trnh qun l
TFM, cc nh thu dung dch
khoan s thun li hn trong qu
trnh cung cp cho nh iu hnh
bi h tun th, thm ch cn
vt ch tiu trong vic ci thin
tin , k hoch khoan. Yu cu
then cht thc hin thnh
cng TFM v bo m gii php
bn vng cho TFM chnh l s
hp tc cht ch gia nh iu
hnh vi cng ty dch v. Theo
cc bn phi cng nhn thc
c c hi cng nh thch
thc chung v gii quyt cu hi
lm sao thc hin cc gii
php ci thin mi trng mt
cch tt nht trong khi vn bo
m li ch kinh doanh ca cc
bn. V d, sau khi khoan xong,
lng dung dch khoan s
dng c bn li cho nh cung
cp ti ch, sau sn phm
ny li c bn li cho nh iu
hnh vn vi gi bng vi gi
dung dch pha ch mi.
Ti a ha li nhun i vi
Petrovietnam
cc nh cung cp dung dch

khoan l cung cp cho nh iu
hnh cng nhiu dung dch cng
tt. Nhng vi mt s nh iu
hnh, khi thc hin TFM, thy
rng c du hiu gim cht
thi, tc khoan tng ln v chi
ph cho mt mt khoan gim. V
d, sau khi p dng TFM, Cng
ty Statoil ti s dng dung
dch khoan gc du 63% v gc
nc 34%, cng vi , cc li
ch khc cng tng ln do vic
gim s dng ha cht cho mt
mt khoan, lng gim khong
10%.
T khi p dng phng
php ti s dng dung dch
khoan, c bit l dung dch gc
du, hm lng du trong dung
dch tuy khng gim nhng cc
thnh phn khc gim nh
ba-rt gim 35%, cht to nht
gim 37%, glycol gim 16%,
mui KCl gim 20%.
Mt nguyn nhn khc lm
gim th tch cht thi chnh l
x l tt nc thi, bi trc y
nc thi nhim du hm lng
cao khi thi ra mi trng c
coi l cht thi nguy hi. Hin
nay, lng nc thi c ti s
dng, trung bnh t 78%. T khi
thc hin TFM, cc cng ty x
l c kh nhiu lng nc
thi bng cc phng php khc
nhau nhm gim thiu cht thi,
ti ch v ti s dng dung dch
khoan. M hnh x l cht thi
cng c s dng khc
phc, hn ch nhng cht khng
cn thit nh hng ti cht
lng dung dch, n c lp t
c trn gin khoan v tu trc.
Nc x l v phn lng ca
chng c dng cho qu trnh
tch dung dch khoan khi nc
hoc nc bin.
Dung dch khoan sau khi
phc hi s c t l du/nc
tng ng 80/20, tng t vi
dung dch gc tng hp mi pha
ch. Quy trnh ny cho php

dung dch khoan c s dng
nh l nguyn liu trong quy
trnh sn xut nh tng. Nc
nhim du s c vt du, cho
lng v lc sao cho t yu cu
thi, hm lng du nh hn
20ppm, c ni quy nh 10 ppm.
Nc c th c s dng
pha ch dung dch khoan hoc
c x l bng trao i ion v
lc qua mng to ra ngun
nc sch cho pha trn dung
dch khoan cht lng cao.
Qun l dung dch
Trong thc t, qun l tt
nht, hiu qu nht dung dch
khoan v cc hot ng thi, cn
phi gii quyt tng hp cc vn
thi, xy dng quy trnh k
hoch x l cht thi ca d n,
pht trin phn mm, o to
nhn lc v ng dng cc k
thut cng ngh mi trng. Bn
cnh , cc sn phm v dch
v lin quan nh h thng qun
l d liu, ti liu c s chung
cn c s dng phn tch
mi lin h gia cc thnh phn
trong h dung dch. Mi lin h
ny s l c s cho cc bc
tip theo trong vic phn tch ci
thin nng cao hiu qu ti s
dng cht thi.
Thnh phn t nhin ca
dung dch khoan, hiu qu qun
l cht thi khoan v dch v lin
quan ph thuc vo hot ng
khoan, va khoan qua v thnh
phn dung dch; thit b kim sot
v tch lc cht rn, thit b v
dch v x l, phc hi cht thi.
Quy trnh x l cht thi phi
c bt u t giai on lp k
hoch ging khoan cho n khi
hon thin ging bao gm c
cng on cui cng ca vic
thi cht thi rn v lng. Tt c
cc phng php qun l dung
dch thi thnh cng u phi
da trn c s chia s c s h
tng, nhn lc, h tr k thut
cng ngh, chuyn giao sn

phm dch v gia cc cng ty
vi nhau.
Ngay trong giai on u
ca thit k ging khoan, tng
lng dung dch khoan v ha
cht s dng phi c xc
nh cho tng cng on khoan,
gm c lng d phng trong
trng hp ri ro. Nhn t chnh
trong vic x l dung dch l xc
nh tng, k hoch phc hi
dung dch khoan ti s dng,
v iu ny hon ton tun th
theo phng php vng i
sn phm.
Cc la chn phc hi cht thi
Do cht thi khoan v mn
khoan l hn hp ca nhiu
thnh phn v n thay i ty
theo tng va khoan qua nn rt
kh phn loi chng. Nguyn
l chung tt nht trong k thut
x l v thi b cht thi l ngun
cht thi phi ng nht, tc l
cng loi nguyn liu, nhng
cht thi khoan th khng bao gi
ng nht. V th mi phng
php x l, phc hi u c
nhng u, khuyt im ring v
c th khng hon ton ph hp
khi p dng vo thc t hoc
khng tun th theo quy nh ca
chnh quyn s ti.
Hin nay, c mt hng dn
chung v la chn phng php
lu tr, x l mn khoan nhim
du trn t lin bao gm ci to
t, bm tr li va, x l sinh
hc (phn hy vi sinh, lm phn
bn hu c), ng rn (lm than
bnh, b tng), chit xut hoc
tch lc (du, cht ty, dung
mi), x l nhit (t, chng ct
bao gm c hp th nhit v
nghin). Ni chung, cc phng
php x l mn khoan c th
chia thnh 3 loi l x l ha hc,
l hc v sinh hc, v trong tng
loi li chia ra cc phng php
khc nhau nhm phn
hy/tch cht nhim ra khi
du kh - S 3/2009
47
Bng 1. Cc la chn thi cht thi

Phng php thi
Chi ph
Bm tr li va
Chi ph thp, nhng yu cu

va phi c rng ph hp;
Chi ph s cao hn nu lm
hng ging/va tt.
Khng lm nhim
tng ngm nc.
Tun th php l nu
lm tt phng php
ny.
Chn lp
Cn ph vn chuyn, quan
trc, che chn, lt m.
p ng cc tiu chun
ha cht v tng thm,
yu cu tip nhn ca
tng ngm nc.
S vp phi vn v
php l nu xy ra s
c nhim trong tng
lai.
Tri thm
trc.
p ng nghim ngt
cc tiu chun ha
cht, tng thm, a
hnh v dng chy.
S vp phi vn v
php l nu c s phn
hy ca cc vt liu
ng rn.
X l sinh hc:
trc.
p ng nghim ngt
cc tiu chun ha
cht, tng thm, a
hnh, dng chy v t.
Ch gp vn php l
trong giai on x l
vt liu.
Cn ph vn chuyn v chi
ph x l lin quan, chi ph
kim sot nhim khng
kh.
p ng quy nh ca
lut php s ti v phi
c s chp thun
ca chnh quyn a
phng.
t gp vn php l t
cc cht cn tn ti
trong cht thi nh
mui, kim loi nng.
Ci to t
Khc: Hp th
nhit, t
mn khoan, ng rn hoc c c
cht thi. Chi tit nh Bng 1.
x l cht thi, bin mn
khoan thnh sn phm hu ch
hoc ngun nguyn liu ti ch,
cng cn phi c tin hnh ti
nhng khu vc thun li. Mt s
phng php x l cho php hi
phc ngun hydrocarbon v to
ra nng lng c ch t cht thi
bng cch t trong l nhit, lm
quay ng c v pht in, cc
cht khng chy v tro s c
thi b, tuy vy, phng php
ny khng c khuyn khch
bi khng x l trit cht thi,
do thi ra kh thi. y cng l
mt trong nhng l do nghin
cu phng n x l sinh hc v
lm phn vi sinh hoc nui giun
nhm ci to t.
Phng php x l sinh hc
Phng php x l sinh hc
48
du kh - S 3/2009
Quy nh
c xem l thn thin vi mi

trng, vi s chuyn ha du
v cc hp cht hu c khc
thnh nc, kh CO2, nng
lng chuyn ha v nhin liu
sinh hc. Bn cht ca s
chuyn ha ny l do cc vi sinh
vt phn hy cc cht nhim
to nn. Phng php ny t tn
km v t gy nhim khng kh.
Vic kim sot chi ph cng d
dng v ty thuc vo vic vn
dng mt cch chnh xc, linh
hot v qun l quy trnh, k
thut x l hiu qu ph hp vi
tng loi cht thi cng nh iu
kin c s vt cht.
Phng php ny c
nhc im l din ra kh chm
do ph thuc nhiu vo iu
kin mi trng t nhin nh
nhit , xy v k thut nh
iu kin tip xc gia vi sinh
vt v cc ha cht khng tt
Php l
lm hn ch tc phn hy. Do
dung dch v mn khoan c nhiu
loi khc nhau, nn phng php
ny khng phi lc no cng ph
hp v nhanh c th x l
kp thi lng cht thi, tr khi
dung dch khoan c thit k
sao cho d phn hy sinh hc
cng nh ci thin ti u thng s
k thut khoan.
Pht trin dung dch mi
T cc phng n qun l
cht thi nu, dung dch
khoan s c iu kin phc hi
d dng vi chi ph thp, nhng
cng khng loi tr trng hp
chi ph cao hn. Ngc li, khi
mt h dung dch c ch ph thp
c la chn, c th s cn
phng n hi phc t hn.
Trong nhng nm qua, cc
h dung dch c nghin cu
ch yu ti u ha thng s
Petrovietnam
Hnh 2. Nghin cu mn khoan c

ch cho thc vt hay khng
k thut khoan, m t quan tm

ti vn thi cht thi khoan.
Hin nay, vi vic p dng khi
nim vng i sn phm, vic
thit k dung dch khng ch
ti u ha thng s khoan m
cn quan tm ti s thun tin,
s hon thin v hiu qu, chi
ph trong qu trnh phc hi dung
dch. Tc l gim thiu lng
dung dch s dng v cht thi
ngay t khu thit k dung dch.
Dung dch thn thin mi
trng
Mt chng trnh nghin
cu v pht trin gn y ca
Cng ty MI nhm c gng to ra
h dung dch thn thin vi mi
trng. Mc tiu ca chng
trnh l la chn tht cn thn
thnh phn pha ch dung dch
khi thi mn khoan th mn
khoan s gip nng cao cht
lng t v to thun li cho
cy c pht trin. S pht trin
ny cn nhm hng ti mt loi
dung dch khng gy hiu ng
nh knh. Hnh 2 di y minh
ha, ban u dung dch c la
chn thc hin cc thng s
k thut khoan, sau , cc cht
thi rn c cha ha cht c hi
s c nghin cu nh dng c
linh lng kim tra s tng
trng v di ca r, nui
giun, trng c, nui vi khun v
phn hy hiu kh.
Bn cnh s thn thin vi
mi trng, h dung dch mi

cng cn phi p ng tt yu
cu k thut nh h dung dch
khoan truyn thng. Cc ph gia
nh du, nc bin, cht to
trng lng gip thc hin gii
php vng i sn phm tt
nht, bi phng n x l cht
thi khoan thng da trn loi
cht lm nng no c s dng
trong dung dch. La chn ng
cht lm nng cng c th c ch
cho sn phm cui cng c
to ra trong x l cht thi. Dng
giun phn hy cht thi cng l
mt hng cn pht trin bi
giun c th chuyn ha cht thi
thnh sn phm c ch s
dng nh phn bn hu c.
Phn hy sinh hc bng giun
Phng php phn hy sinh
hc bng giun p dng thnh
cng trong vic x l cht thi
hu c, v gn y c p
dng x l cht thi khoan.
Ti Newzealand, hn 1000 tn
mn khoan c dng cho
nui giun nhm gip gim thiu
lng hydrocarbon trong mn
khoan ti mc quy nh. Thnh
cng ca d n da trn vic
thc hin k hoch vng i sn
phm, la chn cng thc dung
dch, hiu qu khoan, ti u ha
cc cht sinh hc v gim n
mc thp nht cht c hi i
vi giun. K thut nui giun cng
ng vai tr quan trng trong
phng php ny.
Tip theo thnh cng ca
d n ny, Cng ty MI tin
hnh mt d n nghin cu
chung vi Statoil v Vin nghin
cu nng nghip Jordforsk ca
Nauy c th p dng vo iu
kin ti Nauy. Sau khi thnh
cng, d n ny s c p
dng rng ri trn ton th gii.
Mc ch cui cng ca d n l
to ra mt phng php qun l
cht thi c th p dng ti Nauy
x l mn khoan, ci to cht
thi khoan thnh phn bn hu

c c ch cho mi trng. Mc
ch tip theo l nhm tm hiu r
hn vai tr ca giun trong x l
sinh hc cht thi c nh
hng la chn phng n
qun l cht thi ph hp vi quy
nh ca chnh quyn s ti. D
n bc u thu c nhng
thnh cng.
KT LUN
Ch u t v cc cng ty
dch v ti Vit Nam nn cng
bn bc, to nn gii php bn
vng trong vic gii quyt vn
cht thi. Vic x l sinh hc,
dng giun phn hy v dng vi
sinh vt c p dng thnh
cng trn th gii v cng
thnh cng trong lnh vc x l
rc thi sinh hot (hu c) ti
Vit Nam. Do vy, chng ta cng
nn p dng cng ngh ny vo
x l cht thi khoan c th
chuyn ha cht thi thnh
ngun vt liu c ch, gim thiu
chi ph mua dung dch mi cho
ch u t, to ra sn phm c
gi tr t cht thi v gp phn
bo v mi trng.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. John E. Paulsen, Monica
Norman and Jonathan Getliff,
Creating near-zezo discharge in
Norway: A novel environmental
solution, World Oil Magazine,
December 2002, Vol. 223 No. 12.
2. Nesbitt, L. E. and J. A.
Sanders,
Drilling
Fluid
Disposal, Journal of Petroleum
Technology, December 1981, pp.
2377 2381.
3.
Alexander,
M.,
Biodegradation
and
Bioremediation, Academic Press
Inc., 1994, London.
du kh - S 3/2009
49
KINH T - QUN L du kh
QUY NH MI V U T TRC TIP

RA NC NGOI TRONG HOT NG D U KH
LTS: Ngy 16 thng 02 nm
2009, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh
nh s 17/2009/N-CP sa i,
b sung m
t s iu ca Ngh
nh s 121/2007/N-CP v u
t trc tip ra nc ngoi trong
ho t
ng du kh. T p ch Du
kh gii thiu nhng im mi
c bn ca Ngh nh ny.
1. V t chc v hot ng ca doanh nghip

hot ng du kh
Ngh nh mi b sung v nh ngha v
Ngi iu hnh; nhim v quyn hn ca
Ngi iu hnh. Theo , Ngi iu hnh l
doanh nghip do Nh u t thnh lp theo quy
nh ca php lut. Nu Nh u t u quyn cho
Ngi iu hnh trin khai d n du kh th Ngi
iu hnh c ghi tn trong Giy chng nhn u
t; c php s dng Giy chng nhn u t v
Giy chng nhn u t iu chnh phc v cc
hot ng lin quan n d n. Ngi iu hnh
cng vi Nh u t chu trch nhim trin khai d
n theo Giy chng nhn u t, Giy chng nhn
u t iu chnh v theo quy nh ca php lut.
Ho t
ng ca Nh u t c m r
ng so vi
trc
Cc hot ng ca Nh u t trong vic hnh
thnh v thc hin d n du kh nc ngoi
50
du kh - S 3/2009
hoc Vit Nam nhm h tr trc tip hoc gin

tip cho vic hnh thnh d n du kh nc
ngoi. Trong , hot ng Ch tr, hi tho, hi
ngh khoa hc (trc y ch tham gia). B sung
phn cc doanh nghip c php thnh lp
hoc tham gia thnh lp doanh nghip mi ti Vit
Nam, ti nc tip nhn u t hoc nc th
ba theo quy nh ca php lut c lin quan
(khon 1, iu 19).
V ho t
ng ti chnh phc v cho vic hnh
thnh v thc hin d n du kh
Nh u t trc y ch c php tham
gia u thu quc t; m phn hp ng du
kh, th nay c m rng thm cc hot ng
khc nh: t cc, k qu hoc cc hnh thc bo
lnh ti chnh khc theo yu cu ca bn mi thu,
nc tip nhn u t lin quan n iu kin
tham gia u thu (im h, khon 1, iu 6); c
quyn mua hoc thu ti sn h tr cho vic hnh
thnh d n du kh nc ngoi (im k, khon
Petrovietnam
1, iu 6).
2. V thm quyn chp thun u t v quyt
nh u t
Ngh nh mi phn nh r cc loi d n
du kh cn c vo tng mc vn u t v
ngun vn gp hnh thnh d n. Theo , thm
quyn ca Th tng Chnh ph i vi cc d
n du kh c hnh thnh thng qua k kt hp
ng du kh c s dng vn nh nc t 3
nghn t ng tr ln (trc y l t 1 nghn t
ng tr ln) hoc vn ca cc thnh phn kinh
t t 5 nghn t ng tr ln (trc y l 3 nghn
t ng tr ln).
i vi d n du kh c hnh thnh thng
qua chuyn nhng quyn li tham gia vo cc
hp ng du kh, chuyn nhng mt phn
hoc ton b cng ty c s dng vn nh nc
t 5 nghn t ng tr ln hoc vn ca cc thnh
phn kinh t t 8 nghn t ng tr ln cng thuc
thm quyn chp thun u t v quyt nh u
t ca Th tng Chnh ph (khon 1, 2, iu 7).
i din ch s hu hoc Nh u t quyt nh u t i vi cc d n du kh
khng thuc thm quyn chp thun u t v
quyt nh u t ca Th tng Chnh ph;
quyt nh iu chnh cc d n du kh c tng
mc u t thay i 30% so vi tng mc u t
ghi trong Giy chng nhn u t v vt qu 15
t ng.
3. V thm quyn chp thun u t v th tc
cp, iu chnh Giy chng nhn u t
Cc quy nh ny c sa i, b sung
theo hng phn nh r thm quyn; cht ch v
th tc php l. C th nh sau:
H s ng k, cp Giy chng nhn u
t v h s thm tra cp Giy chng nhn u
t c thm Bn sao c chng thc, Giy chng
nhn ng k kinh doanh hoc Quyt nh thnh
lp doanh nghip ca Ngi iu hnh v hp
ng u quyn gia Nh u t vi Ngi iu
hnh trong trng hp c s tham gia ca Ngi
iu hnh vo d n du kh (khon 5, iu 9).
Ni dung thm tra, cp Giy chng nhn
u t c b sung phn t cch php l ca
Nh u t v Ngi iu hnh (trc y ch c
thm tra t cch php l ca Nh u t). Ngi
iu hnh phi l doanh nghip do Nh u t
thnh lp ti Vit Nam, ti nc tip nhn u t

hoc nc th ba theo quy nh ca php lut
c lin quan.
i vi vic rt ngn thi hn thm tra,
cp Giy chng nhn u t: Quy nh trc
ch a ra i vi D n du kh i hi thi hn
cp bch v D n du kh do Th tng Chnh
ph chp thun u t. Ngh nh mi quy nh
r hn. l, th nht: D n du kh c hnh
thnh thng qua chuyn nhng quyn li tham
gia vo hp ng du kh, chuyn nhng mt
phn hoc ton b cng ty v cc d n du kh
khc m Nh u t gii trnh r l do cp bch
xin rt ngn thi hn thm tra (vic thm tra, cp
Giy php u t trong thi hn 05 ngy lm vic
k t ngy nhn c h s hp l); Th hai l
D n du kh thuc thm quyn quyt nh ca
i din ch s hu hoc Nh u t (vic thm
tra, cp Giy php u t trong thi hn ba ngy
lm vic k t ngy nhn c h s hp l);
Th ba l D n du kh thuc thm quyn chp
thun u t ca Th tng Chnh ph (vic
thm tra, bo co Th tng Chnh ph v cp
Giy php u t trong thi hn nm ngy lm
vic k t ngy nhn c h s hp l).
B sung quy nh mi: Sau khi cp Giy
chng nhn u t cho cc d n du kh, B K
hoch v u t sao gi Giy chng nhn u t
cho B Cng thng, B Ti chnh, Ngn hng
nh nc Vit Nam, U ban nhn dn cp tnh
ni Nh u t ng k kinh doanh (i vi nh
u t l t chc) hoc c h khu thng tr
(i vi Nh u t l c nhn Vit Nam) (khon
5, iu 13).
4. V iu kin v quy trnh thm tra, cp Giy
chng nhn u t iu chnh
V iu chnh Giy chng nhn u t:
Nh u t phi lm th tc iu chnh Giy
chng nhn u t Khi c nhu cu iu chnh d
n du kh c cp Giy chng nhn u t
lin quan n hnh thc u t, thi hn thc
hin d n hoc cc thay i lin quan n Nh
u t, Ngi iu hnh hoc tng mc u t
ca d n sau khi iu chnh c thay i t 30%
tr ln so vi tng mc u t ghi trong Giy
chng nhn u t (khon 1, iu 14).
V iu kin cp Giy chng nhn u t
du kh - S 3/2009
51
KINH T - QUN L du kh
iu chnh: l cc d n c iu chnh v
hnh thc u t, thi hn thc hin d n hoc cc
thay i lin quan n Nh u t, Ngi iu hnh
hoc tng mc u t ca d n sau khi iu chnh
c thay i t 30% tr ln so vi tng mc u t
ghi trong Giy chng nhn u t, nhng tng mc
u t sau khi iu chnh khng vt qu 15 t
ng. (Khon 1, iu 15).
Ngh nh mi lm r hn quy trnh, i tng
v thi hn cp Giy chng nhn u t iu chnh.
V i tng: i vi d n du kh c
hnh thnh thng qua k kt hp ng du kh thuc
thm quyn chp thun u t ca Th tng
Chnh ph v d n du kh sau khi iu chnh tng
mc u t c s dng vn nh nc t 3 nghn t
ng tr ln hoc vn ca cc thnh phn kinh t
t 5 nghn t ng tr ln, trong thi hn 25 ngy
lm vic, k t ngy nhn h s hp l, B K
hoch v u t trnh Th tng Chnh ph bo
co kt qu thm tra km theo kin ca cc B,
ngnh c lin quan v xut kin v vic iu
chnh Giy chng nhn u t.
Trong thi hn nm ngy lm vic, k t ngy
nhn c vn bn chp thun ca Th tng
Chnh ph, B K hoch v u t cp Giy chng
nhn u t iu chnh (im d, khon 3, iu 16)
Quy nh trc y ch p dng i vi d n
du kh thuc thm quyn quyt nh ca i din
ch s hu hoc Nh u t.
i vi d n du kh khng thuc nhng
trng hp nu trn do B K hoch v u t tin
hnh thm tra h s v cp Giy chng nhn u
t iu chnh trong thi hn 25 ngy lm vic, k t
ngy nhn h s hp l. (im , khon 3, iu
16).
Ngh nh mi b sung iu 16a v rt ngn
thi hn thm tra, cp Giy chng nhn u t iu
chnh. V i tng, thm quyn, trnh t th tc,
thi hn tng t nh quy nh v rt ngn thi hn
thm tra, cp Giy chng nhn u t.
5. V cc hot ng ti chnh ca doanh nghip
Vic chm dt v thanh l d n du kh:
Trc y vic chm dt v thanh l d n du kh
ch cn c vo cc iu khon ca hp ng du
kh do hai bn k kt ph hp vi php lut ca
nc tip nhn u t. Nhng quy nh mi yu
cu trc khi chm dt hot ng ca d n du
52
du kh - S 3/2009
kh, Nh u t phi bo co Th tng Chnh ph

xem xt, quyt nh i vi nhng d n du kh
thuc thm quyn chp thun u t v quyt nh
u t ca Th tng Chnh ph. i vi d n du
kh do i din ch s hu, Nh u t c thm
quyn quyt nh iu chnh tng mc u t, Nh
u t cng phi bo co i din ch s hu xem
xt, quyt nh trc khi chm dt v thanh l d
n du kh .
Nu d n du kh khng c kh nng thu hi
chi ph, Nh u t c php phn b phn chi
ph vo chi ph sn xut kinh doanh trong thi
hn khng qu 5 nm k t ngy kt thc d n.
i vi vic s dng li nhun u t
nc ngoi: Nh u t c gi li nc ngoi
li nhun ca d n du kh (sau khi hon thnh
cc ngha v thu v ti chnh) phc v mc
ch: a) ti u t cho cc d n du kh c
cp Giy chng nhn u t v Giy chng nhn
u t iu chnh (trc y ch c cc d n
c cp Giy chng nhn u t); b) u t cho
cc d n du kh khc nc ngoi ca Nh u
t c cp Giy chng nhn u t v Giy
chng nhn u t iu chnh (trc y l nc
tip nhn u t).
V chuyn ngoi t ra nc ngoi: Trc
y, vic chuyn ngoi t ra nc ngoi trc khi
c cp Giy chng nhn u t nghin cu,
chun b cc d n du kh th quy nh mi m
rng hn phm vi v r rng hn v cc mc chi.
l: Vic chuyn ngoi t ra nc ngoi trc
khi c cp Giy chng nhn u t p ng
cc chi ph v hot ng hnh thnh d n du kh
(khon 2, iu 30). Bao gm chi cho cc hot ng:
Nghin cu th trng v c hi u t; kho st
thc a; nghin cu ti liu; thu thp v mua ti
liu, thng tin c lin quan n la chn d n du
kh; tng hp nh gi, thm nh, la chn, thu
chuyn gia t vn nh gi thm nh d n; t
chc hi tho, hi ngh khoa hc; thu, mua ti sn
h tr cho vic hnh thnh d n du kh nc
ngoi v cc hot ng cn thit khc.
Ngh nh ny c hiu lc t ngy 06 thng 4
nm 2009.
NGC NM - DUY HIU
(Bin tp)
DIN N KHOA HC
Mt s suy ngh

V C S D LIU DU KH
TRN NGC TON
ot ng tm
kim thm d
khai thc du kh
Vit Nam n nay c tin
hnh gn 50 nm cn nu ni v
hot ng du kh ni chung, bao
gm c phn phi, kinh doanh
sn phm xng du th lch s
cn lu hn rt nhiu. Trong sut
qu trnh chng ta to ra
mt lng d liu khoa hc - k
thut - kinh t rt s, c gi tr
ln lao v l ti sn quc gia
v gi v n khng nhng phc
v cho nhu cu iu hnh, qun
l Nh nc, qun l sn xut kinh doanh v nghin cu khoa
hc hin ti trong rt nhiu lnh
vc m c cho tng lai ca t
nc.
Trong phm vi qun l ca
Tng cc a cht v Tng cc
Du kh trc y cng nh ca
Tng cng ty Du kh v Tp
on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam
hin nay, cng tc lu tr d liu
du kh c quan tm t rt
sm. Trung tm Thng tin - T
liu Du kh ra i t u nm
1980 ng mt vai tr rt
quan trng trong s nghip ny.
Tuy nhin cn phi ni rng do
nhiu nguyn nhn ch quan v
khch quan, nhim v ny vn
cha c thc hin nh mong
mun, rt nhiu vic cn phi
lm mi c th tp hp, bo
qun y v di lu cng nh
khai thc c hiu qu ngun ti
sn qu gi ny.
D liu du kh bao gm
cc vn bn qun l ca cc c
quan Nh nc, cc d liu v
sn xut - kinh doanh, cc cng
trnh nghin cu khoa hc - cng
ngh, cc mu vt, cc s liu
cng nh cc ti liu a dng lin
quan n lch s hot ng ca
ngnh Du kh qua cc thi k.
l nhng sn phm vt cht
d b xm hi, h hng bi cc
iu kin t nhin, cc tc nhn
ha hc, hot ng ca cn
trng, nm mc v c s v
thc ca con ngi. c bit vi
kh hu khc nghit ca nc ta
cng nh s qun l cha hon
thin, nu khng c quan tm
ng mc th chng s sm tr
thnh tro bi hoc mt mt khng
ai hay bit.
Cc d liu ni trn, cho
n nay phn ln c thu
thp bo qun tp trung nhng
mt khi lng khng nh cn
ang nm tn mt cc ni, k
c nhng n v t lu
khng cn tn ti v khng c ai
qun l. Cc vn bn php quy
v cng tc thu np ti liu, hin
vt va thiu va khng c th.
Ngay c nhng d liu c
tp trung chng ta cng cha c
nhng quy nh v tiu chun
xc nh gi tr, cc quy trnh hot
ng c th xc nh gi tr
cng nh xc nh mc mt
thay i theo thi gian qun
du kh - S 3/2009
53
DIN N KHOA HC
l, s dng hp l.
V mt bo qun, mc
hon thin ph thuc vo s
quan tm ca cc nh lnh o,
qun l, vo ngn sch c
cp, vo phng tin trang thit
b, vo c s h tng ginh cho
cng tc ny cng nh trnh ,
thc ca nhng cn b trc tip
lm cng tc bo qun. Nhim v
ch yu ca cng tc bo qun
d liu l thu thp y cc t
liu ca quc gia v Tp on,
cc bo co khoa hc, cc lun
vn cao hc, cc mu vt thuc
lnh vc du kh trong nc v
mt phn ca nc ngoi, m
bo tui th, s dng hiu qu,
thit lp cc vn bn php quy
cng cc chnh sch i km ph
hp vi tng loi d liu cng
nh kim tra v bo qun d
phng cc d liu . T nhng
nhim v ny, cc nh lnh o
cc cp s ch o v a ra cc
gii php qun l c th ton
h thng thc hin.
Cho n nay chng ta cha
c mt h thng kho thc s p
ng cc yu cu ca cng tc
bo qun cng nh khai thc d
liu. Cc vn nh a im t
kho, quy m kho, mt bng,
hng nh kho, quy cch kho,
nn mng, ti trng, sn, li i li
trong kho, h thng in,nc,
ch nhit , m, ch
nh sng, ch thng gi
cha c cp y trong
thit k h thng kho m thng
gii quyt ty theo kh nng tnh
th. Do ngn sch cp rt eo hp
nn cc trang thit b bo qun
va lc hu va thiu. Dng c
o lin tc nhit , m t
ng, my ht m, ht bi, qut
thng gi, my iu ha khng
kh, thit b phng chng chy,
thit b lm v sinh cho ti liu,
54
du kh - S 3/2009
mu vt cn l nhng c m
ca nhng cn b trc tip lm
cng tc lu tr.
C dp i thm cc c s
bo qun d liu du kh nc
ngoi chng ti thy cng tc t
chc ti liu, mu vt l c mt
khoa hc rt t m, tinh t. Vic
phn loi d liu c thc hin
theo h thng m s khu vc
hoc quc t nn vic lin kt,
trao i thng tin, cung cp thng
tin lin quc gia rt thun li.
Vic x l d liu trc khi nhp
kho cng nh a ra s dng
theo nhng trnh t rt nghim
tc. Tn, tm tt ni dung, cc
thng tin v ti liu, mu vt k
c s v tr ni ct gi, s
lng, tnh trng s dng u
c tin hc ha nn vic tm
kim d liu thng do ngi c
nhu cu t thc hin theo bng
hng dn t ngay ti bng
iu khin. Ngi cn thng tin
ch cn a yu cu v lnh vc
mnh quan tm l c th c
cung cp y danh sch cc
ti liu, mu vt c lin quan
chn la. Ngi qun l kho ch
lm nhim v hng dn, t vn
v gim st, kim tra nn bin
ch rt gn.
D liu du kh l mt ti
sn qu nhng l ti sn s
dng, to ra gi tr mi ch
khng phi l ti sn gi
trong kho, do nu cng tc
bo qun, phc ch, nhn bn
cn c coi trng th cng tc
dch v d liu li cng phi
c coi trng gp nhiu ln.
ng dng tin hc lp c s
d liu v cung cp d liu cho
khch hng trong nhng nm
gn y Petrovietnam c ch
nhiu hn trc nhng kt
qu cn rt hn ch. y l mt
cng vic lu di v cn nng
cp cht lng ln tng bc

theo yu cu cuc sng cng
nh kh nng p dng tin b k
thut bn cnh vic b sung,
cp nht kp thi, lin tc cc t
liu mi ch khng phi ch gii
quyt trong mt vi ti l
xong. Cc quc gia sn xut du
kh cn c c cc c s dch v
d liu du kh t nc ngoi
to iu kin thu ht u t
v iu ny cn phi c mt ch
ti chnh tht hp dn, linh
hot i km, bn cnh vic qun
l d liu mt cch hiu qu v
khoa hc. Chng ta ang trin
khai cc hot ng du kh ra
nc ngoi nn vic thu thp d
liu du kh cc loi qua con
ng hp tc cng cn phi
c t ra cho ton Tp on
ch khng phi cho tng n v
thnh vin ring l.
Mt vn cui cng m
chng ti mun cp na l
cn coi trng cng tc o to
cn b lm lu tr chuyn
nghip. H phi c trang b
nhng kin thc hin i v lu
tr v cc kin thc tng hp v
cng nghip du kh ph hp vi
trnh pht trin ca khoa hc
du kh th gii v ng nhin
h phi c i ng v vt cht
v tinh thn tng xng vi
nhim v m h m nhn.
Trong th gii ngy nay
thng tin l tin bc. C s d
liu du kh cha ng mt
lng thng tin ln cho nn cn
quan tm ng mc cc
thng tin tr thnh tin bc.
iu quan trng l cc nh lnh
o ng v bn bu vi cc
nhim v to ln hn m b st
lnh vc ny.
Petrovietnam
BN V CNG TC O TO,
PHT TRIN NGUN NHN LC CHT LNG CAO &
GI CHN NGI TI VIN DU KH VIT NAM
KS. TRN C THI
Vin Du kh Vit Nam
Mt bi hc nhn tin, tuy c nhng khng bao

gi c, l mun t nc hay doanh nghip pht
trin hng thnh th phi quy t c nhiu ngi ti
trong mi lnh vc nh kinh doanh, nghin cu
khoa hc- k thut, qun l, o to... T xa n
nay cha ng ta khng nh mt chn l bt h
Hin ti l nguyn kh Qu c gia.
Trong bi cnh hi nhp v ton cu ho, vic
o to & pht trin nhn ti kh nhng vic gi
chn h phc v cho n v li cng kh hn nhiu.
Thc t cho thy mt s doanh nghip c
nhng cng chc ra i v nhiu nguyn nhn, h
mun tm n nhng ni c iu kin lm vic tt
hn, tin b nhanh hn v c thu nhp cao hn.
o to & pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng
cao Vin Du kh Vit Nam
Bn cnh cc iu kin cn thit v c s vt
cht, trang thit b lm vic (nh vn phng, my
mc, vn ho cng s.), yu t con ngi l v
cng quan trng, gi vai tr quyt nh Vin Du
kh Vit Nam thc hin thnh cng nhng mc tiu
chin lc ra. tip tc nng cao nng lc lm
vic, trong nghin cu KHCN v m rng hot ng
bao trm cc lnh vc hot ng ca ngnh cng
nghip du kh trong nc v c nc ngoi,
Vin cn phi xy dng v lp k hoch o to,
pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao thng qua
vic quy hoch li lc lng CBCNV hin c v
tuyn chn, thu ht ngi ti n lm vic cho Vin.
Vin Du kh Vit Nam hin nay c trn
524CBCNV vi c cu:
Tin s : 24 ngi
4%
Thc s : 76 ngi
15%
i hc : 304 ngi
62%
Trong khi s cn b c trnh chuyn mn
cao hu ht cao tui. V vy, sp ti Vin s b
thiu ht i ng ny. Xut pht t nhu cu thc t
ca Vin, CBCNV trong Vin cn phi c o
to, bi dng nng cao trnh v tr ho i

ng cn b KHKT.
L mt Vin nghin cu u ngnh v lnh vc
du kh, Vin Du kh Vit Nam cn phi o to lc
lng cn b c trnh trn i hc tng ln c v
s lng v cht lng. Ngoi ra cng phi quan
tm n khu o to thng xuyn, chuyn
ngnh, nghip v (o to li, ngn hn, trung hn
v di hn) nhm khng ngng nng cao trnh
chuyn mn nghip v cho CBCNV ca Vin &
ngnh Du kh, tin ti t c trnh ngang tm
khu vc v th gii. Chnh v vy, khu o to v
pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao ca Vin
cn phi c cho l mt trong nhng nhim v
hng u.
cng tc o to ca Vin t c hiu
qu tt, vic xy dng v hoch nh chnh sch
o o cn phi c th v bao gm cc bc nh
sau:
- Phn tch nhu cu o to trong Vin.
- Xy dng l trnh o to & pht trin trong
k hoch s dng qu o to do Tp on cp.
- Xy dng v lp k hoch cc chng trnh
o to.
- nh gi hiu qu o to
- ng gi nng lc ca CBCNV sau khi
c o to.
Nhim v trc mt m Vin cn trin khai v
sm hon thnh n o to sau i hc v
thnh lp Trung tm o to.
Nhm a dng ho cc hnh thc v m rng
dch v o to, Vin cn phi u t ng k vo
cng tc o to, c th l:
- Tng cng vn u t cho cng tc o
to.
- Nn tham kho cc chng trnh o to
du kh ca cc c s ca nc ngoi ng thi kt
hp vi vic nghin cu nhu cu o to ca ngnh
Du kh v Vit Nam chn ra ni dung o to
v cng nghip du kh ph hp vi iu kin ca
du kh - S 3/2009
55
DIN N KHOA HC
t nc.
- Xy dng c ch chnh sch m bo cho
cc hot ng o to t hiu qu cao nht.
- Cn xy dng b my qun l v c s h
tng cn thit cho hot ng o to
- Tng cng trin khai cc chng trnh
o to cng ngh, k thut, kinh t v qun l ph
hp vi quy hoch & k hoch ca Tp on Du
kh Quc gia Vit Nam.
Cc gii php thu ht, gi chn ngi c trnh
chuyn mn cao & hn ch tnh trng chy
mu cht xm Vin Du kh Vit Nam
Trong nn kinh t th trng th s cnh tranh
l tt yu v v cng khc lit. l s cnh tranh
v nhn ti, cng ngh, cht lng hng ho, bn
quyn, s hu tr tu, Cng vic o to v pht
trin nui dng ngun nhn lc lao ng cht
lng cao l rt kh khn v tn km v thi gian
v tin bc. Nhng vic gi chn h li, mun h
phng s Vin lu di li l mt bi ton phc tp,
i hi nhng ngi s dng lao ng cn sm c
li gii v cho ra p s ng.
Vy th u l nhng yu t quan trng nht
nhng nh qun l v s dng nhn ti cn bit.
Theo quan im ca cc chuyn gia kinh t trn th
gii v Vit Nam, vic mun gi chn cng chc,
vin chc l nhng ngi ti trong cc c quan nh
nc cn phi hi t bn yu t sau:
Th nht, phi to s di chuyn cht xm t
do trong th trng lao ng theo quy lut ti
uca t nhin. Nhn ti ch nh hnh, pht trin
v tm n nhng ni no tho mn cc iu kin
hc tp, lao ng, kh nng tip cn cc thng tin
v cng ngh mi, s tn trng v tinh thn v
quyn li vt cht.
Bi vy, cc c quan nh nc mun gi chn
cc cng chc gii, c ti, c c, ngoi vic tng
lng, cn c nhng i mi trong cng tc qun l
v pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao, o
to cc chuyn gia u n.
Th hai, cc thang bc gi tr x hi phi c s
thay i. Cc chuyn gia trong mi lnh vc ngnh
ngh kinh t - x hi phi c tn trng v i x
nh nhau trong d lun x hi v trong th hng
li ch vt cht tng xng vi ti nng v ng
gp c ch cho x hi ca h.
Th ba, pht hin, la chn v s dng ng
nhng nhn ti u n. Nhn ti loi no cng c
th bc v ch ngi ti mi bit pht hin, tn
trng v s dng hiu qu ngi ti, khai thc ht
cc mt mnh ca h cho mc ch pht trin cng
56
du kh - S 3/2009
ty, doanh nghip ca mnh. Nu chn sai u n

th c i ng s km hiu lc, sc pht trin yu.
Cn ti la chn lin tc, ly hiu qu cng vic lm
c s nh gi v la chn ch khng phi ch da
vo bng cp, hc v, chc tc.
Th bn, phi m bo duy tr nguyn tc mi
lao ng trong x hi u sng c bng lao
ng chuyn mn ca mnh: Li ch kinh t c
nhn phi c tn trng cng li ch cng ng
v phi tn trng k lut lao ng cng nh vn
ho giao tip [2].
Gn y hin tng chy mu cht xm l
mt ngi ti [2, 3] ang c nhiu ngi ni n.
Yu cu cao nht ca ngi tr thc l c mt mi
trng lm vic trong c iu kin pht
huy ti nng, cng hin, nng cao kin thc
v c thu nhp hp l tng xng vi nhng g m
h ng gp cho n v, cho x hi, hoc khng
qu chnh lch so vi ngi khc, n v khc c
cng trnh , cng nhim v.
Chnh v vy, Vin Du kh Vit Nam cn phi
c cc gii php gi chn ngi ti, ngn chn
hin tng chy mu cht xm v thu ht ngi ti
n u qun cho Vin. Nhng gii php l:
1. Ly hiu qu cng vic lm c s nh
gi v la chn cn b.
2. Tn trng v s dng ng ngi
ti/ngi c nng lc v lm vic sng to cng
nh tn trng cc quyn li chnh ng ca h.
3. Pht hin nhng cn b trong Vin c
nng lc v phm cht o c tt o to, v
bi dng thnh nhng cn b nghin cu khoa
hc u n trong tng lai.
4. Lun i mi trong cng tc qun l v
pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao ca Vin.
5. X l hp tnh hp l lc lng lao ng
di d v cht lng km hoc khng ph hp vi
chc nng ca Vin.
6. C ch lng, thng, pht phi r
rng, minh bch v cng bng.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Ngun Internet. Nhiu nhn ti th s c thin
h.
2. Ngun Internet. Nhng yu t c bn gi
chn ngi ti.
3. John Connor: Human Resources Development
Program: Essential Skills for Managers and
Supervisors. Ha Noi, Vietnam, Petrovietnam, June,
21-25,2004.
Petrovietnam
BN V HOCH TON CC KHON CHI PH I VAY

THEO CHUN MC K TON VI T NAM S
16
au khi c Quyt nh
s 165/2002/Q-BTC
ngy 31/12/2002 v
Thng t s 105/2003/TT-BTC
ngy 4/11/2003 ca B Ti chnh,
hng dn k ton thc hin su
chun mc k ton t 2 cho cc
doanh nghip thuc cc ngnh,
cc thnh phn kinh t trong c
nc p dng. Tuy nhin, k
ton cc khon chi ph i vay
theo Chun mc K ton Vit
Nam s 16 cn nhiu iu mi
m, hiu r hn ghi nhn chi
ph i vay, iu kin vn ha v
phng php hch ton cc
khon chi ph i vay, chng ti
mun trao i mt s trng hp
c th thc t p dng ti cc
doanh nghip, phm vi bi vit
tp trung bn v iu kin ghi
nhn vn ha, hch ton cc
khon chi ph i vay.
Chi ph i vay v iu kin vn
ha chi ph i vay
Trong hot ng sn xut
kinh doanh, doanh nghip mun
NCS. ON NGC LU
Tng cng ty Ti chnh c phn Du kh
u t m rng, ngoi vic huy

ng ngun vn bn trong (t
c), doanh nghip cn phi huy
ng thm t cc ngun vn bn
ngoi di nhiu hnh thc khc
nhau nh pht hnh tri phiu,
vay vn c nhn, vay vn ngn
hng, mua hng tr chm, tr
gp, thu ti chnh,... Nhng
ngun ti sn tin vay doanh
nghip c s dng :
- Trc tip u t xy dng
(mua sm, xy dng, lp t thit
b v ti sn c nh) ca doanh
nghip;
- Trc tip dng cho hot
ng sn xut ra sn phm (bao
gm c sn xut sn phm d
dang) ca doanh nghip.
- S dng cho hot ng
kinh doanh khc ngoi cc hot
ng sn xut kinh doanh k
trn.
Lin quan n vic s dng
ngun ti sn vay trn, doanh
nghip phi b ra mt khon chi
ph m doanh nghip chi tr
c vay v s dng tin vay
gi l chi ph i vay.
Theo Chun mc K ton
Vit Nam s 16, khi nim chi ph
i vay l li tin vay v cc khon
chi ph khc pht sinh lin quan
trc tip n cc khon vay ca
doanh nghip, bao gm:
- Li tin vay ngn hn, li
tin vay di hn, k c li tin vay
trn cc khon thu chi;
- Phn phn b cc khon
chit khu hoc ph tri pht
sinh lin quan n nhng khon
vay do pht hnh tri phiu;
- Phn phn b cc khon
chi ph ph pht sinh lin quan
ti qu trnh lm th tc vay;
- Chi ph ti chnh ca ti
sn thu ti chnh.
Chi ph i vay ni trn c
phn lo i theo cc trng hp
sau:
+ i vi khon vay ring
bit, khon vay vn ch c s
dng cho mc ch u t xy
dng hoc sn xut mt ti sn
d dang th chi ph i vay c
du kh - S 3/2009
57
DIN N KHOA HC
vn ha. Chi ph hp l vn
ha l chi ph thc t pht sinh
tr i thu nhp t vic s dng
khon vay ny u t tm thi
(nu c). Vn ha chi ph i vay
l khon chi ph c tnh vo
gi tr ca ti sn gm ti sn
ang trong qu trnh u t xy
dng v ti sn ang trong qu
trnh sn xut c thi hn di
(trn 12 thng) c th a vo
s dng theo mc ch nh
trc (i vi ti sn c nh)
hoc bn (i vi sn phm
sn xut hon thnh).
Theo trng hp ny, qu
trnh vn ha chi ph bt u khi
chi ph ti sn cng nh chi ph
vay vn pht sinh v cc hot
ng chun b cn thit a ti
sn vo s dng hoc bn i
ang tin hnh (ngoi ra c th
bao gm mt s hot ng trc
qu trnh sn xut). Nu qu
trnh trin khai b gin on gia
k, vic vn ha cng phi tm
ngng theo tr khi b gin on
l cn thit. Khi doanh nghip
hon tt cc cng vic ch yu
cn thit cho vic chun b a
ti sn vo hot ng hoc bn
ra, qu trnh vn ha s t ng
chm dt. Nu ch cn mt s
khc bit khng ng k, iu
ny c ngha l mi hot ng v
c bn chm dt.
Trng hp mt cng trnh
xy dng hon thnh qua nhiu
giai on, hng mc ny a
vo s dng trong khi b phn
khc vn ang tip tc, vic vn
ha chi ph vay vn lin quan
phi chm dt khi tt c cc hot
ng chun b cn thit a b
phn vo s dng hoc bn
hon thnh. Chi ph i vay
c vn ha trong k khng
c vt qu tng s chi ph i
vay pht sinh trong k .
+ i vi khon vn c
58
du kh - S 3/2009
s dng chung va cho mc ch

u t xy dng hoc sn xut
ti sn d dang, va cho cc
hot ng khc th chi ph i vay
c vn ha phn phn b.
Trng hp ny, khon chi ph
hp l c xc nh bng cch
p dng t l vn ha i vi
khon chi ph vo ti sn . T
l vn ha chnh l s bnh qun
gia quyn ca chi ph vay vn p
dng i vi khon vay. Khon
chi ph vay vn p dng i vi
khon vay. Khon chi ph i vay
khng c vn ha c ghi
nhn vo chi ph ti chnh pht
sinh v c kt chuyn xc
nh kt qu ngay trong k.
Trong trng hp pht sinh
chit khu hoc ph tri khi pht
hnh tri phiu th phi iu
chnh li tin vay bng cch phn
b gi tr chit khu hoc ph tri
c th s dng phng php li
sut thc t hoc phng php

ng thng. Cc khon li tin
vay v khon phn b chit khu
hoc ph tri c vn ha trong
tng k khng c vt qu li
vay thc t pht sinh v s phn
b chit khu hoc ph tri trong
k .
Theo Chun mc K ton Vit
Nam, iu kin ghi nh!n chi
ph i vay c v n ha nh
sau: Vn ha chi ph i vay vo
gi tr ti sn d dang c bt
u khi tha mn ng thi cc
iu kin. Cc chi ph cho vic
u t xy dng hoc sn xut
ti sn d dang bt u pht
sinh; Cc chi ph i vay pht sinh;
V cc hot ng cn thit trong
vic chun b a ti sn d
dang vo s dng hoc bn
ang c tin hnh.
Cng thc tnh v n ha chi ph
i vay:
+ i vi khon vay ring bit:

Chi ph i vay c
vn ha cho mi k
k ton
Chi ph i vay thc

t pht sinh ca
khon vay ring
bit
Thu nhp pht sinh

t hot ng u t
tm thi ca cc
khon vay
+ i vi khon vay ring chung

S chi ph i
vay c vn
ha cho mi
k k ton
Chi ph ly k bnh qun gia quyn

pht sinh cho u t
xy dng hoc sn xut
ti sn d dang
cho n cui k k ton
Chi ph ly k bnh
=
qun gia quyn
T l vn ha (%)
Chi ph cho tng

ti sn
- T l vn ha
(%)
S thng chi ph thc t

pht sinh trong k k ton
S thng pht sinh ca k
k ton
Tng s tin li vay thc t

ca cc khon vay pht sinh
trong k
S d bnh qun gia quyn
cc khon vay gc
100%
Petrovietnam
+ Tng li phi tr cho cc khon vay

S d bnh
qun gia
quyn cc
khon vay
gc
S thng m tng
S d ca tng
khon vay pht sinh
=
khon vay gc x trong k k ton
S thng pht sinh
ca k k ton
V d: Ti TCT Nha Hong H, tin hnh u t xy

dng nh my sn xut PVC ti KCN Vnh Tuy, d tnh mt
14 thng hon thnh. Cng ty bt u xy dng vo
ngy 01/01/N, cc khon sau y c thanh ton trong
nm N nh sau:
(VT: 1.000 ng)
31/01/N
31/03/N
30/06/N
31/10/N
31/11/N
1.500.000
2.500.000
3.500.000
2.700.000
1.500.000
- Cc khon n khc:
352.000
- Tri phiu 5 nm
(50.000.000 x 10%)
5.000.000
5.352.000
+ T l vn ha: 5.352.000/58.500.000 =
9,15% (lm trn s)
- Tr vo ngy 31/1:
(1.500.000 (x) 11/12 (x) 9,15%)
125.810
- Tr vo ngy 30/11:
(1.200.000 (x) 1/12 (x) 9,15%)
9.150
+ Chi ph li vay: 9.00.000 nghn ng

(x) 9/12 (x) 9%
607.500
+ Li thu c t khon vay cha s dng

trong nm:
- 1/4 n 30/06: [(9.000.000 - 2.500.000)]
Khon thanh ton ln u vo ngy 31/01/N c

ly t ngun vn hin c ca doanh nghip. Ngy 01/04/N
doanh nghip tha thun vay thnh cng Ngn hng
ANZ vi s tin 9.000.000 nghn ng, thi hn vay 5 nm
(vay trung hn), vi li sut 9%/nm, c tnh v tr ring
cho mc ch xy dng. S vn cn tha tm thi c
u t vi mc li sut 8%/nm tr hng thng v c
thanh ton bng tin mt. Ngun vn n c thanh ton
bng tin mt. Ngun vn n c ly ra l 1.200.000
nghn ng (1.500.000 - 300.000) thanh ton vo ngy
30/11/N v khon ny khng ly c t khon vay trung
hn. D n xy dng tm thi b dng 2 tun vo thng 4
do phi hon tt mt s cng vic hnh chnh v k thut
quan trng. Trn bng tng kt ti sn, s d cng n ti
ngy 31/12/N nh sau:
(VT: 1.000 ng)
- Vay trung hn:
9.000.000
- Cc khon n khc
11.500.000
(bao gm c thu chi ngn hng):
(S bnh qun gia quyn tn ng trong nm l 8.500.000
nghn ng v tng s tin li phi tr c nm 352.000
nghn ng)
- Tri phiu 5 nm li 10% t ngy 1/10/N-4, c li
sut phi tr hng nm vo ngy 31/12: 50.000.000
Gi s TCT Nha Hong H p dng ch K
ton Vit Nam th chi ph li vay c vn ha trong trng
hp ny c tnh nh sau:
* Tnh ton t l vn ha cho ngun vn ly t cc
khon n khc.
+ Tng khon vay theo bnh qun gia quyn:
- Cc khon n khc:
8.500.000
- Tri phiu:
50.000.000
58.500.000
(x) 3/12 (x) 8%]
= (130.000)
- 1/7 n 31/10: [31/10] [(9.00.000.000 6.000.000) (x) 4/12 (x) 8%]
= (80.000)
- 1/11 n 30/11: [(9.000.000 - 8.700.000)]

(x) 1/12 (x) 8%]
= (8.000)
524.460
Tng s chi ph c vn ha:

+ Chi ph li vay khng vn ha:
5.352.000 - 125.810 - 9.150
= 5.217.040 nghn ng
* Cn c vo h s chng t, k ton ghi:
- i vi chi ph c vn ha:
N TK 241 - XDCB DD
(Chi tit NM Nha)
524.460
C TK LQ
524.460
- i vi chi ph khng vn ha:

N TK 635 - CP TC
(ghi nhn TT tng ln pht sinh) 5.217.040
C TK LQ
5.217.040
Lu : Mc d cc hot ng b gin
on do cng vic hnh chnh v k thut
trong thng 4/N nhng vic vn ha khng b
nh hng.
2. S hch ton cc khon chi ph li
vay v mt s trng hp ch yu:
a. S k ton chi ph i vay ghi nhn vo
chi ph SXKD trong k.
du kh - S 3/2009
59
DIN N
HC
thm
d KHOA
- khai
thc du kh
Ht thi hn
Li tin vay
nh k, tnh ton
chi ph ti chnh theo
vay khi
S tin thc thu v
Tr tin li TP
tr gc v li
s li tin vay tr
sau-tr gc v li khi
bn, pht hnh tri
ht thi hn vay.
phiu (theo mnh

Nu tr dn gc vay
gi).
v n di hn
v n n hn tr.
Khi tr trc di hn li tin vay.
nh k, phn b vo
chi ph ti chnh theo li
Li TP tr trc.
vay phi tr tng k.
Khi thanh ton nh k li tin vay

cho bn cho vay, tr li tri phiu.
nh k phn b dn
Chit khu TP (Chnh lch gia s tin
Chit khu tri phiu
thu v bn TP <Mnh gi tri phiu).
(ghi theo s chiu khu

TP tng k) vo chi ph
ti chnh.
b. S k ton chi ph i vay c vn ha.
S tin thc thu

v bn, pht
hnh tri phiu
(theo mnh gi).
Nu tr dn gc
vay v n di hn,
n hn tr.
Pht sinh chi ph

li vay u t
mua TSC.
Chi ph i vay lin

quan trc tip n u
t xy dng c bn d
dang v hon thnh.
Chi ph i vay
lin quan trc
Thu GTGT c khu tr
(nu c).
tip n SX
ti sn d
dang.
Cc khon
chi ph li
Khi tr trc di hn li tin vay,
li tri phiu.
vay khng
c vn
ha
Li tri phiu
tr trc
Li tin vay, tr tin li tri phiu.
Ph tri tri phiu
Chit khu TP (Chnh

lch gia s tin thu v
bn TP < Mnh gi tri
phiu).
dukh
kh- -S
S3/2009
3/2009
22
60 du
nh k phn b chit khu

tri phiu (ghi theo s chit
khu TP tng k) vo chi
ph ti chnh.
Cc khon thu nhp

pht sinh t hot ng
u t tm thi ca
khon vn vay.
TK 911
NNG LNG MI
Cn thc y s dng nng lng gi cho pht in
Khai thc
& s dng nng lng gi
Vit Nam
nh vc nng lng gi nc ta cha
pht trin, c th ni mi ang giai on
chun b. Vit Nam nm trong khu vc nhit i gi
ma, mt nm c 2 ma gi r rt, nhng thng
giao ma gi yu. S vng c tim nng gi tt
c th ng dng cc ng c gi c cng sut trung
bnh v ln khng nhiu. Thc t ch mi lp t
c khong 1000 ng c gi pht in m ch
yu l c cng sut nh hn 200W v khong 120
ng c gi bm nc cc loi.
Nhng ng c gi bm nc l loi thit b
nng lng ti to c trin khai ng dng sm
nht. T nm 1975, hng lot cc ng c gi bm
nc dng cnh bum, c thit k ch to v
ng dng ti cc cnh ng mui Vn l (Nam
nh), Tam K, Hi An (Qung Nam Nng).
Cc ng c gi ny c kt cu n gin, ch hng
gi mt chiu, khng c b phn iu khin hng

gi, bm nc s dng ch l gung nc dn gian
v th hiu sut ca h thng thp.
T nm 1980, cc ng c gi bm nc
c nghin cu ng dng mc cng ngh
cao hn, chng loi a dng hn. l cc ng
c gi nhiu cnh dng cong mng lm bng tn,
iu chnh hng gi bng cnh ph, bm nc l
dng bm piston, hiu sut h thng t c cao
hn. Cc ng c gi bm nc ny c ng
dng bm nc sinh hot cho cc nh cao tng,
bm nc t cc ging su phc v ti tiu
cho nng, lm nghip. Dng ng c gi bm nc
kiu trc ng Savonius cng c nghin cu th
nghim. Tuy kt cu ca cc ng c gi bm nc
n gin, d ch to, nhng vn l ch to n
chic v ch yu bng phng php th cng nn
du kh - S 3/2009
61
NNG LNG MI
chnh xc rt km, khi vn hnh khng c bo

dng thng xuyn, v vy h thng d b kt, gy
v n nay hu ht cc h thng khng cn hot
ng.
Vo cui nhng nm 80 v u nhng nm 90
ca th k 20, nhng ng c gi pht in cng
sut nh hn 200W, mc in p 12V hoc 24V
np c quy Vit Nam c ch to hon chnh
v trin khai ng dng tng i mnh m. Tuy
nhin, cht lng thit b cha n nh do ch to
qui m n chic hoc lot nh, cn nhiu cng
on gia cng bng phng php th cng,
chnh xc thp. Gi thit b (thi k ) tng
ng vi gi thit b cng c nhp t Trung Quc,
khong 4 triu n 4,5 triu ng Vit Nam (cha
k chi ph lp t v vn chuyn n ni lp t).
Vn hnh h thng n gin, tui th khong 10
nm nhng nh k phi bo dng du m, b
sung nc ct hoc xc ra cho c quy, thay th c
quy v vng bi, sn li thit b... i vi nhng vng
c tc ln hn 4 m/s, th h thng ng c gi
pht in cng sut nh hn 200W p ng c
nhu cu s dng in cho mt h gia nh nhng
vng khng c li in.
Mt trong nhng mu ng c gi pht in
cng sut nh t 150W n 200W mang k hiu IE1700 (ng knh cnh 1,7m; S cnh 3 hoc 6
cnh c lm bng g hoc composit, profil cnh
l NACA4412; in p np c quy 15V). y l
mu kh hon chnh, c chnh sa nhiu ln
qua nhng ng dng th nghim thc t. Loi ng
c gi ny rt ph hp ng dng cho mt h gia
nh nhng vng hi o, v vng xa li in,
ni c vn tc gi trung bnh ln hn 4m/s. Mi h
gia nh s dng h thng ny c th dng t 3 n
4 n (15W) thp sng, chy i hoc ti vi en
trng. Nhng ng c gi ny c lp t ng
dng mt s o, ven bin v vng ni pha Bc,
v pht huy tc dng rt hiu qu i vi nhng
h dn bit vn hnh v bo dng thng xuyn.
Trung tm Nghin cu Thit b nhit v Nng
lng mi ca trng i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM
cng nghin cu thit k ch to v trin khai
ng dng cc loi ng c gi c nh. Loi ng c
gi cng sut nm trong khong t 150W n
200W, v c bn ging loi IE-1700, ch khc profil
cnh. Loi ng c gi ny c trin khai ng
dng nhiu nht trong c nc. Trung tm xy
dng th im ba lng nng lng gi: hai lng
tnh Khnh Ho, mt lng Cn Gi, mi lng lp
t c 50 chic. Tng s ng c gi m Trung
tm lp t khong 900 chic ch yu l loi 150W
n 200W.
Cng trong nhng nm ny, trng H Bch
Khoa H Ni, Phn vin Cng ngh Nng lng
thuc Trung tm Khoa hc T nhin Quc gia cng
tham gia trin khai ng dng mt s mu ng
c gi pht in dng cho gia nh c cng sut t
150W n 500W, l nhng mu mua ca Trung
Quc, i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM, Vin K thut
Giao thng...
Nm 2006, trng H Bch Khoa H Ni,
mua tua bin gi 20kW ca nc ngoi, cn phn ct
v phn iu khin t nghin cu ch to, sau
lp t ng dng ng c gi pht in ny
ti Tam K, Qung Nam.
Vin K thut Giao thng cng l mt n v i
u trong vic nghin cu ng dng ng c gi
pht in vi mu th nghim 500W. Nhng v c
s thay i v c cu t chc nn t nm 1990 n
nay Vin ngng hot ng trong lnh vc nng
lng gi.
Vin Thit k c gii nhiu nm nghin cu
ch to cc ng c gi pht in c cng sut t
1,5 n 5kW, nhiu mu c lp t th
nghim, song hu ht khng thnh cng v gi
thnh ch to qu cao v b h hng trong gi bo.
T nm 1991, Vin cng ngng hot ng trong
lnh vc nng lng gi.
Nhng ng c gi pht in cng sut ln
hn 500W mi ch c ch to th, s lng
khng ng k. Cc mu ng c gi ny ch yu
c thit k theo mu ca nc ngoi, nht l
mu cnh. Cht lng ch to cnh cha t yu
cu: Trng lng, trng tm, kch thc hnh hc...
sai s qu mc cho php do ch to th cng trong
khun cht lng thp. Mt khc khi ch to xong
th khng c phng tin th kh ng, c th
xc nh c tnh ca ng c gi. Chnh v vy m
h thng in ca thit b ni chung cha hon
thin.
Nhng ng c gi pht in ngoi nhp phn
nhiu c cng sut t 200W-500W t cc nc:
c, M, Trung Quc... trn b, tr ct. Cht lng
tt, s lng cha ng k. Mt s ng c gi
pht in trn b ngoi nhp cng sut ln hn nh
ng c gi kiu West Wind 1,8 kW ang hot ng
tt ti Kon Tum, ng c gi 30kW ti Hi Hu hin
ti khng lm vic do a im khng c gi tt,
ng c gi 800kW lp t trong h thng lai
ghp vi ngun diesel, cp in ln li c lp v
ang vn hnh ti Bch Long V. Do s khng ph
hp gia bin trnh tc gi v biu nhu cu
(Xem tip trang 64)
62
du kh - S 3/2009
CNG B KT QU KHOA HC
LU N `N TI N S
A V T L
Nghin cu p dng m t s

phng php
m i phn tch v x l ti liu d thng
trng lc thm lc a Vit Nam
ho n nay s liu trng lc o c

trn thm lc a Vit Nam rt ln vi
chnh xc cng nh mng li
khc nhau v l ngun ti liu v gi nghin
cu rt nhiu vn thuc ngnh khoa hc tri t
ch khng phi ch ring cho du kh.
Di s hng dn ca GSTS Bi Cng Qu
v TS Nguyn Vn Ging, nghin cu sinh c
Thanh thc hin v bo v thnh cng ti
Nghin cu p dng mt s phng php mi
phn tch v x l ti liu d thng trng lc thm
lc a Vit Nam. y l mt lun n c cht lng
tt v rt c ngha thc tin.
Nhim v ca lun n gm: Nghin cu c
im thay i ca mt theo su trong cc b
trm tch Kainozoi trn thm lc a Vit Nam;
nghin cu ng dng mt s phng php mi gii
bi ton ngc trng lc hai chiu v ba chiu
nhm xc nh su y cc b trm tch; xy
dng cc phn mm, th nghim tnh trn m hnh
v p dng chng xc nh su y cc b
trm tch Sng Hng, Cu Long, Nam Cn Sn.
Cu trc lun n, ngoi phn m u v kt
lun, c 3 chng. Chng I gii thiu tng quan
v vng nghin cu, cc cng trnh nghin cu
c tin hnh bi cc tc gi khc, tnh hnh
nghin cu trong nc v nc ngoi v ti
ny.
Chng II trnh by cc kt qu nghin cu p
dng mt s phng php mi gii bi ton ngc
trng lc 2 chiu v 3 chiu nhm xc nh mt
phn chia mt v su y b trm tch vi
gi thit mt d ca b thay i lin tc theo
su. Trong chng ny tc gi gii thiu ni dung
phng php xc nh ranh gii mt phn chia mt
v cc phng php xc nh su ca y
b trm tch trn min khng gian v trn min tn
s cng nh cc chng trnh phn mm tng
ng cho tng trng hp. Tc gi c cc nhn xt
sau y:
- Vic gii bi ton ngc trng lc hai chiu
v ba chiu nhm xc nh ranh gii mt phn chia
mt da theo phng php xc nh d thng

trng lc ca Murthy v phng php cc tiu ha
c iu khin qu trnh hi t ti nghim ca
Marquardt c chnh xc cao, tc hi t nhanh
v n nh. Vic loi b phng khu vc c thc
hin mt cch t ng trong qu trnh tnh ton, thi
gian tnh ngn.
- Vi vic tnh ph cng sut bng phng
php cc i entropi, hiu qu ca vic lc nhiu
trong min tn s c nng cao. Sau khi d
thng c lc nhiu, vic gii bi ton ngc
theo phng php la chn vn c tc hi t
nhanh v n nh.
- Khi p dng phng php trt mu, vic
gii bi ton ngc xc nh su y b trm
tch trong min tn s cng nh gii bng phng
php gii tch trong min khng gian u c
chnh xc v thi gian tnh ngn tng ng
nhau.Tuy nhin phng php ny c mt hn ch
l vi vic s dng php bin i Fourier nhanh, s
im quan st trn tuyn phi l ly tha ca 2, mt
yu cu m trong thc t o c ngoi thc a
khng phi bao gi cng t c.
Chng III trnh by cc kt qu ng dng cc
phng php c nu chng II x l ti liu
trng lc trn thm lc a Vit Nam v kt qu xy
dng bn ng su thu c cc b Sng
Hng, Cu Long v Nam Cn Sn.
b Sng Hng, d thng trng lc Bouguer
phn Bc - Ty Bc ni chung khng phn nh cu
trc ca mng trc Kainozoi. Sau khi loi b
phng khu vc c th nhn thy trn trng d
gim dn theo hng Ty Bc- ng Nam, iu
c ngha l hng cu trc chnh ca mng y
l hng TB - N. phn pha Ty ca b mng
Kainozoi kh nng, nh hn 2km, cn phn ng
Nam th mng c su ti 14-15 km.
b Cu Long, mng trc Kainozoi c cu
trc phc tp, bao gm cc khi nng v st xen k
nhau, chy di theo hng B-TN. Phn trung tm
b c dng lng cho, c ni b dy trm tch t
n 7,5km v cng trong phn ny c mt di nng
du kh - S 3/2009
63
CNG B KT QU KHOA HC
hp, chiu su ca mng ch

t 3-4km. Phn TB v N
mng Kainozoi tng i nng,
ch khong 1-2km.
b Nam Cn Sn, sau
khi loi b phng khu vc bc
hai v thc hin nng trng
ln na khng gian trn
cao 5km th thy phn TB ca
b ni tip gip vi di nng
Cn Sn mng Kainozoi nm
rt nng, sau tng nhanh v
pha TB cng nh N. phn
trung tm b, b dy bao trm
tch t n trn 10km v c
cu trc nh mt lot cc bn
trng nh nm lin tip nhau
theo phng kinh tuyn.
phn TN b, mng cng tng
i nng, ch khong 1-2 km v
chm dn theo hng TN B. phn pha ng mng
nm su kh ln, trn
10km v phn cch vi trng
trung tm bi mt di nng c
su khong 4-5km theo
phng kinh tuyn.
Cc lun im bo v
gm:
- c im bin i mt
theo su trong cc b
Sng Hng, Cu Long, Nam
Cn Sn c dng l mt hm
m hoc hm bc hai.
- H cc phng php
gii bi ton ngc trng lc 2
v 3 chiu nhm xc nh
su y b trm tch vi iu
kin mt t trong b
thay i lin tc theo su
hon ton c th p dng c
x l ti liu trng lc
thm lc a Vit Nam.
- Cc bn su y
b trm tch Sng Hng, Cu
Long, Nam Cn Sn c xy
dng bng h phng php
KHAI THC V S DNG...
du kh - S 3/2009
TRN NGC TON

Gii thiu
(Tip theo trang 62)
ph ti trong ngy cng nh nhu cu ph ti

thp hn so vi tnh ton nn s ng gp
ca ng c gi ch c 13% sn lng
in trong mt nm ri h thng pht in
hot ng, mc d tim nng gi ca o
Bch Long V c coi l vng c tim nng
ln nht Vit Nam. n thng 6 nm 2006
h thng phn mm iu khin tua bin gi b
hng v h thng tua bin gi khng hot
ng na.
Nm 2005, Tp on in lc Vit Nam
giao cho cc c quan trc thuc thc hin
iu tra, kho st, o c, v lp quy hoch
nng lng in gi ni li. Mt s im c
tim nng gi tt c cc c quan, t
chc quan tm n nng lng gi kho st
v o s liu b sung bng my o gi t ghi
cc cao 60m, 40m, 12m nh: Vn l
(Nam nh); Mng Ci, o Quan Ln (Qung
Ninh); Ph Rng, Sn (Hi Phng); Sm
64
c la chn c tin cy n
nh v l nhng thng tin c
lp, c gi tr b sung ng gp
cho vic nghin cu cu trc
cc b trm tch ni trn v c
gi tr thng tin v nhng vng
m d liu a chn cn thiu.
Ni dung v nhng vn
lin quan n lun n c
phn nh trong 10 bi bo v
mt phn trong 2 ti cp B
ti i hc Quc gia H Ni
cng nh mt s ti khc
ca Trung tm Khoa hc Cng
ngh Quc gia.
Lun n c th tham kho
ti th vin Quc gia Vit Nam
(H Ni) v th vin Vin Vt l
a cu H Ni.
Sn (Thanh Ho); K Anh (H Tnh); Ca

Tng, Gio Linh (Qung Tr); Qung Ninh
(Qung Bnh); o L Sn (Qung Ngi); Tu
Bng, Vn Linh (Khnh Ho); Phng Mai
(Bnh nh); Ninh Phc (Ninh Thun); Tuy
Phong, Hng Thi, Lng Sn (Bnh Thun);
Xun Trng (Lm ng); Duyn Hi (Tr
Vinh),...
Hin ti, Vit Nam c nhiu d n
gi pht in ni vi li in quc gia, nhng
mi ch dng li giai on Bo co u t v
cc s liu v tim nng gi cha c tin
cy, cha c khung chnh sch v th ch c
th pht trin thc hin cc d n gi nn
cha c cc nh kinh doanh no dm mo
him u t vo lnh vc ny.
NGC HNG
Vin Nng lng

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tIN TC - S KIN

Th tng Nguyn Tn Dng v on i biu cp cao thm nh my lc du Mina Abdullah

Petrovietnam tng cng hp tc u t

hi kin Quc vng, tip B

35,1% cn li MCI gp 4,7%. Pha C-ot s

Chnh ph ta to cho Petrovietnam c nhiu c

Vit Nam - Chu Phi

(Petrovietnam) tch cc m phn v tham

Petrovietnam v Petronic k Tho thun hp tc

23/3/2009, Petrovietnam v Tng cng ty Du

Chn chnh cng tc an ton lao ng trong ngnh Du kh

ng, an ton lao ng n tn cc n v sn xut,

Khi cng xy dng D n kho cha kh du m ho lng (LPG)

D n ny nhm tip nhn v phn phi trc

TNG CNG TY PV DRILLING BN GIAO 25 CN NH

cng ng thng qua cc hot ng an sinh x hi.

on doanh nghip trong ngnh nng lng H Lan

Trong thi gian lm vic ti H Ni (ngy 30

trong vng 3 nm. Hn Quc l

Venezuela tng cng hp tc vi Trung Quc trong lnh vc du kh

khong 350.000 thng/ngy t Venezuela. y ch

Iran c th s bn du th trng Nga

Trung Quc xy dng nh my ha du

xy dng trong khu cng nghip Bnh Hi

Nigeria mong mun ci cch ngnh du kh

Pht biu trc nhng nh u t ti

nguyn du m Nigeria cho bit ngnh

S c h thng dn kh xuyn qua sa mc Sahara

Theo tnh ton, chi ph ca d n

BP GIM MC TIU KHAI THC

Tuy nhin, i vi cc c ng, BP s duy tr

Thnh lp hip hi cc nh sn xut

GI DU TRN TH TRNG TH GII

2. Bin ng gi sn phm du (USD/th, ring FO=USD/tn)

Ghi ch: Spot, FOB Singapo; BTTT v PIW cung k

3. Bin ng gi kh du lng (LPG) (USD/tn)

Arp Xeut CP*

Arp Xeut CP*

Ghi ch: CP = Gi Contract Price do Aramco cng b v c nhiu khu vc ly lm c s tnh gi

Ngy giao dch

2. Gi kh TN ti bin gii cc nc Ty u thng 2/2009 (USD/triu BTU)

Ghi ch: * l kh thin nhin lng; WGI cng thng

Ghi ch: Gi cif iu chnh - WGI cng thng

2. Gi thu tu ch kh du lng thi hn 12 thng - (Nghn USD/thng)

EA Gibson - LPGW cng thng v thng sau

Gi ch to v thu cc loi gin khoan bin

Seardrill c cng ty Brunei Shell Petroleum

Ngun Chart Shipping, Barcelona (UN 10/3/09)

Tun 25/2 - 4/3

Seabroker, Stavanger (UN 10/3/09)

hoa chat viet tri

thm d - khai thc du kh

&s hnh thnh tng cha

to ai cung pluton-batholit granit

thm d - khai thc du kh

Crta sm gm diorit, gabbrodiorit, biotit granit, i km l cc

Hnh 1. Phc h magma Mezozoi mun

Hnh 2. Bn cu trc Vit Nam v k cn

lun l yu t kim sot mt

Hnh 4. Tin ha kin to Mezozoi mun ca a khi Indochina

pha: Pha chnh hay pha ng-to

thm d - khai thc du kh

Hnh 5. Hnh th hin t gy trt B-TN vi cc t gy