MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE

Service Manual and Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps

Series 20

powersolutions.danfoss.com

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

General Description
Introduction

Description

The purpose of this manual is to provide you with the information necessary for the normal
maintenance and servicing of the Danfoss hydrostatic series 20 units.
This includes a description of the units and their components as well as troubleshooting, pressure
setting and repair procedures.
Minor repairs may be performed without affecting the warranty. Major repairs performed during the
warranty time could eventually affect the warranty.
To facilitate easy servicing, the unit has been designed with this in mind.
Many of the individual parts and assemblies are interchangeable throughout the entire series 20
family. This includes such items as the servo valve, the charge pumps and the manifold components.
In addition, many repairs and adjustments can be performed without having to remove the unit from
the vehicle, provided that the unit is easily accessible and a thorough cleaning of the unit is possible
before beginning with repairs.
Dirt or other forms of contamination are in most cases the reason for the breakdown of a hydraulic
unit. Please pay attention to cleanliness, not only when making repairs, but also when putting the
unit into operation, changing the oil, changing filters or any other procedures.
The following manual will provide you with comprehensive instructions for preventative
maintenance and recognition of causes of failure of the axial-piston units.
Danfoss axial piston variable displacement pumps are of swash plate design with variable flow
capability suitable for hydrostatic transmissions with closed loop circuit.
Tilting the swash plate to the opposite side of the neutral or zero displacement position reverses flow
direction.
The full-length shaft with a highly efficient tapered roller bearing arrangement offers a high loading
capacity for external radical forces.
The hydro-mechanical servo displacement control maintains the selected swash plate position and
hence pumps displacement.
Upon release of the control handle, the swash plate automatically returns to zero position and the
flow reduces to zero.
High case pressures can be achieved without leakage even at the lowest temperatures by using
suitable shaft seals.
The servo valve arrangement offers the facility to incorporate function regulators and remote control
systems.
Axial piston units are designed for easy servicing. Complete dismantling and reassembly can be
carried out with standard hand tools, and all components or sub-assemblies are replaceable.

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Contents
Model Code

Model Code.................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Recommended Tools and

Installation

Tools for Minor Repairs and Unit Maintenance.............................................................................................................. 5

Additional Tools for Complete Stripping of Units.......................................................................................................... 5
Measurement Instruments..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Trouble Shooting, Gauge Installation and Information............................................................................................... 6

Start-up procedure

Preconditions for Trouble-free Operation........................................................................................................................ 7

First-time Operation................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Plumbing Installation (Variable Displacement Pump - Fixed Displacement Motor)...................................... 10
System circuit Description.................................................................................................................................................... 10

System Maintenance

Inlet Filter ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Changing the oil....................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Leak Test...................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Cleanliness.................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Checking the oil level............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Recommended oils................................................................................................................................................................. 11

Trouble Shooting

Transmission Operates in one Direction Only............................................................................................................... 12

System response is sluggish................................................................................................................................................ 12
Neutral Difficult or Impossible to Find............................................................................................................................. 13
System will not Operate in either Direction................................................................................................................... 13
Inspection Instructions ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Checking the servo valve (control valve).................................................................................................................. 15

Disassembly and Assembly

Sectional View........................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Axial piston variable displacement pump................................................................................................................ 16
Exploded View.......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Minor repairs.............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Mounting block.................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Changing the shaft seal (disassembly)...................................................................................................................... 19
Changing the shaft seal (assembly)............................................................................................................................ 20
Changing the charge pump and the charge check valves................................................................................. 21
Changing the servo valve (control valve)..................................................................................................................23
Major repairs.............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Changing the valve- and bearing plate (disassembly)........................................................................................ 24
Changing the valve- and bearing plate (assembly)..............................................................................................25
Changing the cylinder block kit (disassembly)....................................................................................................... 27
Changing the cylinder block kit (assembly).............................................................................................................28
Changing the swash plate and servo piston (disassembly)............................................................................... 29
Changing the swash plate and servo piston (assembly)..................................................................................... 31
Changing the pump shaft.............................................................................................................................................. 33
Installation Torque Values..................................................................................................................................................... 35

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Model Code

SPV2

A1
Producer mark
A1 producer specification
according to construction
(at present = A1)

Series of product
SPV Pump variable
2
Association
type 20

Units with working mark

3-letter combination e.g.:
Cxx
All seals in Viton make
Special copies with or without
mark of copy:
037
3-letter combination e.g.
special nameplate
and all seals in Viton

Displacement cm3 [in3]

033
= 33.3 [2.03]
052
= 51.6 [3.15]
070
= 69.8 [4.26]
089
= 89.0 [5.43]
119
= 118.7 [7.24]
166
= 165.8 [10.12]
227
= 227.3 [13.87]
334
= 333.7 [20.36]
Orientation of rotation
R
Right
L
Left
Input port
working port SAE-flange
3
= 3000 psi SAE J518 (207 bar)
for displacement 033 - 119 cm3
6
= 6000 psi SAE J518 (414 bar)
for displacement 166 - 334 cm3
Shaft end
SAE-spline shaft 16/32
= 21 teeth for displacement 033 - 070
Z
= 23 teeth for displacement 089
= 27 teeth for displacement 119 - 227
= 40 teeth for displacement 334
K* conic shaft end with toleranced key
* available on request
Restriction of flow volume
The entry is required if the flow volume is
adjustable at least in one direction
1. Mark (3-characters) for the branch A
2. Mark (3-characters) for the branch B
Delimitation of flow volume is set
060
for example to 60 cm3
999
maximal setting of flow volume
950
without setting of flow volume

Example of ordering:
Axial piston variable pump SPV 2,
Displacement 89,0 cm3, Orientation of rotation: right,
Input: flange 3000 psi, SAE shaft end 23 teeth,
End cap execution: with installed charge pump
Order mark: SPV 2 / 089 - R3Z - PS 183 -A1
4

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Regulation
Type of regulation of 3-letter combination
001 - 999 Designation for regulation specification
(specified by manufacturer)
RNU
Pressure regulator of zero throw
RNO
Pressure regulator Mooring
RBR
Torque limiter
RBN
Torque limiter
with regulator of zero throw
RBN
Torque limiter
with pressure regulator Mooring
FBA
Mobile automation for frame size 033-119
Control
Type of control is 3-letter combination
1-9
Type variant is 1-digit number
(is specified by manufacturer)
01-99
Designation for control and connecting plate
(is specified by manufacturer)
VML 1
Mechanical-hydraulic volume control
no entry Execution with control jet
VES 3
Electro-hydraulic volume control
VED 3
Electro-hydraulic 3-position control NG 6
VHA
Setting hydraulic volume control by load control pressure
VAE 1
Connecting plate for supply and drain
of control liquid without control instrument
VAD 100 Without control instrument with segment
and with cover plate
End cap execution
PS
With installed charge pump
AA 10. Cover plate without gear pump
Filling gear pump (2 digits according to size) - see the table
Frame size
Optional PS
Frame size
Optional PS
033
12
18
119
19
33
052
12
18
166
33
66
070
18
12
227
33
66
089
18
12
334
66
..3
Designation for setting of charge pressure 13 bar
(other setting of charge pressure on request)

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Recommended Tools and

Installation
Circlip pliers 2 to 2.5 mm
Screw driver 3 mm
Screw driver 6 mm
Screw driver 9 mm
Plastic hammer - small
Pointed pliers (can also be slightly bent)
Torque key to 14.9 Nm [132 lbfinch]
Set of ring spanners 5/16 to 11/4
Set of Allenkeys 1/4 to 3/8
Fixed spanner 15/6 for high pressure relief valve
Puller retainer seal

Tools for Minor Repairs and

Unit Maintenance

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Additional Tools for

Complete Stripping of Units

(Major repairs should not be carried out during the warranty period.)

Measurement Instruments

At last 2 pressure gauges up to 60 bar damped (charge pressure - servo pressure)

1 Vacuum gauge to +1.0 -1.0 bar [14.5 -14.5 psi] (vacuum measurement at the charge pump)
2 Pressure gauges to 600 bar [8700 psi] (high pressure measurement at the valve
block)
1 Pressure gauge to 8 bar [116 psi] (casing pressure measurement)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Right angle screw driver 16 mm

Set of drifts 2 to 10 mm
Plastic hammer - large
Bearing puller 80 x 120 mm
Bearing puller 200 x 250 mm
Each fixed spanner for servo cylinder 36, 41, 46, 50, 55, 60, 65 mm
Depth gauge 300 mm
Set of fixed or open ended spanners 7/16 to 11/4
Fitting block - see page 14

Additional: Torque spanners, separate order!

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Recommended Tools and

Installation
Trouble Shooting, Gauge
Installation and Information

Gauge Information
A
B
C
D

Charge Pressure
System pressure
Inlet Vacuum
Case pressure

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

60 bar [870 psi] - Gauge

600 bar [8700 psi] - Gauge
Vacuum gauge
8 bar [116 psi] - Gauge

7/16 - 20 UNF O-ring Fitting

7/16 - 20 UNF O-ring Fitting
Tree Into Inlet Line
Adapt to Bottom Drain Port

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Start-up procedure
Preconditions for Troublefree Operation

Cleanliness: Ensure that the pipes, pipe connections and hoses as well as all other components are
completely clean.
Ventilation and venting of the oil reservoir via an air filter.
Operating fluid: HLP fluid according to DIN 51524, ATF type A SUFFIX A, HD-SAE motor oils, see Fluid
Manufacturers, Technical Information.
Oil level: (The inlet pipe and return flow port must always be below the surface of the oil).
No funnel-shaped eddying at the inlet connection pipe. No formation of foam at the return flow pipe.
The inlet connection pipe must be substantially above the bottom of the reservoir. A partition plate
should be located between the inlet and return flow connection pipes.
Filtration
Filtration grade = 10 m [394 inch] nominal.
Inlet pressure of charge pump: 0.85 bar [12.3 psi] absolute (- 0.15 bar [-2.2 psi]) with a new filter
element and at an operating temperature of approx. 50 C [122 F].
A charge pump inlet pressure less than 0.75 bar [10.9 psi] absolute (-0.25 bar [-3.6 psi]) is permissible
for a short time with a reservoir temperature of less than 50 C [122 F] on a cold start in order to warm
up the system under no-load.
If frequent cold starts are to be made, the system should be warmed up by a reservoir heater.
If the charge pump inlet pressure is less than 0.75 bar [10.9 psi] absolute (-0.25 bar [-3.6 psi]) on
operating temperatures higher than 50 C [122 F], the filters must be changed.
A charge pump inlet pressure of less than 0.5 bar [7.3 psi] absolute (- 0.5 bar [-7.3 psi]) is not
permissible.
The filter requires changing or the operating temperature is too low.
Venting the pump and motor housing as well as the connection lines and other components.
The return flow to the oil reservoir must be free of bubbles. After venting the system, check the fluid
level and fill to proper level if necessary.
Carry out a leak test on the transmission (inlet line, filter, pipe and hose lines, valves, control
elements, pump and motor) giving due consideration to the service life of the transmission,
environmental protection and the reduction of oil consumption.
Tighten up any leaking joints and other connections while the system is not under pressure.
Pressure fluid temperature range: min. = -40 C [-40 F], max. = 95 C [203 F].
Viscosity range:
max. = 1000 mm2/s [4630 SUS*] (cSt) (for a short time only on a cold start).
min. = 7 mm2/s [49 SUS*] (cSt).
Recommended viscosity range: 12-60 mm2/s [66-278 SUS*] (cSt).
*SUS (Saybolt Universal Second)

Changing the oil: The oil should be changed after max. 80-100 hours of operation, but at the latest
one year after first-time operation.
The second oil change should be after max. 500 hours of operation but at the latest one year after the
first change of fluid.
Thereafter, the oil should be changed every 1000 hours of operation but at least once a year. It is not
permissible to mix oil.
Renew the inlet filter each time the oil is changed or when the inlet pressure of the charge pump
falls below the permissible tolerance.
Clean the air filter whenever too much dirt has accumulated.
The max. speed is as specified in the catalogue Series 20 Axial Piston Pumps, Technical Information or
Series 20 Axial Piston Motors, Technical Information.

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Start-up procedure
Preconditions for Troublefree Operation (continued)

The charge pressure measured at the charge pressure gauge connection port of the pump with the
adjusting lever in the neutral position should be approx. 15 bar [217.6 psi] at a pump input speed n =
1500 min-1 (rpm).
The charge pressure measured at the charge pressure gauge connection port of the pump with the
adjusting lever engaged should be approx. 2 bar lower at a pump input speed n = 1500 min-1 (rpm).

First-time Operation

1. After installing the transmission and the corresponding pipeline connections, remove the plug
from the charge pressure gauge port of the variable displacement pump. Fit a gauge with a
measuring range up to 60 bar [870 psi] to this port.
The charge pressure gauge port has a straight 7/16-20 UNF-2 B SAE thread.
2. Disconnect the charge pump inlet line from the charge pump inlet connection pipe.
3. Fill the pump case and the motor case with the recommended oil through the drain port.
4. Fill the oil reservoir with fluid. As soon as oil emerges from the end of the disconnected charge
pump inlet line tighten the pipe connector (see table to page 35 for the correct tightening torque)
and continue to fill the reservoir.
Only use oil reservoirs that are fitted with air filters.
5. Disconnect the control linkage from the control handle.
The pump must be in the zero position.
6. Allow the prime mover to turn for approx. 15 sec. by using the starter.
If the prime mover is an electric motor: Switch on and off again.
7. Then start the prime mover and allow the pump to turn at idling speed (approx. 750 min-1) for
approx. 5 minutes.
In the case of electric prime mover: Allow to turn for approx.1 minute.
After initial fluctuations in pressure, the charge pressure should settle down to 10 bar [145 psi] or
12 bar [174 psi].
8. Check the pressure fluid level.
9. Raise the speed to approx. 1500 min-1 (rpm). The gauge should now indicate a pressure of approx.
15 bar [217.6 psi].
10. If the charge pressure falls to below 8 bar [116 psi], stop the prime mover, find the fault in
accordance with the trouble-shooting guide and take the appropriate remedial action.

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Start-up procedure
First-time Operation
(continued)

11. Stop the prime mover and attach the control linkage to the control handle. Check the fluid level in
the sight glass and fill to proper level if necessary.
12. Restart the prime mover and, under no-load, adjust the zero position by means of the control
handle - or even better by the control linkage - so that in both directions final position of stroke
per Series 20 Axial Piston Pumps, Technical Information is achieved.
13. Allow the prime mover to turn at 1500 min-1 (rpm). The charge pressure should now be 15 bar
[217.6 psi].
14. Slowly move the control handle backwards and forwards. If the pump is working properly, the
charge pressure drops by about 2 bar [29 psi] from the value stated in step 13 above as the control
handle initiated.
15. Allow the system to work under full load with a pump speed of approx.1500 min-1 (rpm). It must
be possible to achieve the values stated in steps 13 and 14 above.
16. Check all joints and connections for leaks.
17. Stop the prime mover. Remove the gauge from the connection port. Replace the 7/16-20 UNF-2 B
plug and tighten with the tightening torque stated in the table to page 35.
Check the pressure fluid level in sight glass of the reservoir and fill to proper level if necessary.
The system is now ready for operation.

Control handle

Gauge port servo cylinder pressure

(both side)
Gauge port "M":
Charge pressure

Port "S":
Suction port
(charge pump)

Port "A"+"B":
High pressure

Case drain ports

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

P000 337E

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Start-up procedure
Plumbing Installation
(Variable Displacement
Pump Fixed Displacement
Motor)

P000 341

System circuit Description

HEAT EXCHANGER BYPASS VALVE
RESERVOIR
VACUUM GAUGE

CONTROL
HANDLE

HEAT EXCHANGER
SERVO CONTROL CYLINDER

REVERSIBLE VARIABLE
DISPLACEMENT PUMP

SERVO
PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVES

PUMP SWASHPLATE

FIXED
DISPLACEMENT MOTOR

PURGE RELIEF VALVE

CHARGE PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVE
LOOP FLUSHING VALVE

INPUT SHAFT

MOTOR SWASHPLATE

SERVO CONTROL CYLINDER

WORKING LOOP (HIGH PRESSURE)

WORKING LOOP (LOW PRESSURE)

OUTPUT SHAFT

CONTROL FLUID

SUCTION LINE

CASE DRAIN FLUID

P000 027E

10

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

System Maintenance
Inlet Filter

The filter element must be exchanged as soon as the pressure drops below 0.75 bar [10.9 psi]
absolute (-0.25 bar [-3.6 psi]) when the transmission is at normal operating temperature. The filter
must also be exchanged each time the pressure fluid is changed. Filtration grade = 10 m [394 inch]
nominal.

Changing the oil

Under normal operating conditions, the oil should be changed at the following intervals:
The first oil change should be carried out after max. 80-100 hours of operation but at the latest one
year after first-time operation. The second change should take place after max. 500 hours of
operation but at the latest one year after the first change.
Thereafter, the oil should be changed at least every 1000 hours of operation or at least once a year.
To change the oil, the used fluid must be drained off when the system is at operating temperature!
Remove any residual dirt or sludge from the reservoir!
In extremely dusty atmospheres, the intervals between oil changes must be correspondingly
shortened.
Oil samples should be taken every 500 hours of operation. To do this, take approx. 0.5l of oil from a
point on a level with the inlet (suction) connection. Fill the sample into a closable container that is
free of residues.
Have the oil examined for serviceability by Danfoss, by Oil Manufacturer or by an appropriate
institution.
Important: Use only recommended oils! (See Fluid Manufacturers, Technical Information). It is not
permissible to mix oils.

Leak Test

Carry out a leak test on the transmission (inlet line, filter, pipe and hose lines and connections, valves,
control elements, pump and motor) giving due consideration to the service life of the transmission,
environmental protection and reduction of oil consumption.
Tighten up any leaking joint and other connections while the system is not under pressure.

Cleanliness

Make certain that the air filter for ventilation of the oil reservoir is regularly cleaned, since the input
pressure may be affected if it is dirty. If there is an oil cooler, the cooler surface should be kept free
from contamination. On units which have hose couplings on the connecting pipes, contamination of
any sort must be avoided. Cotton rags or lint cleaning cloths may not be used for cleaning. Use only
lint-free materials.
When changing the oil, be sure the area around the filler cap is free from foreign objects. The oil,
which can be kept clean by using a filter cloth, should be added by means of a clean funnel.

Checking the oil level

The level of the oil should be checked daily using the gauge glass. In case of loss of oil, the leak must
be rectified.
Important: Use only recommended fluids! (See Fluid Manufacturers, Technical Information.) It is not
permissible to mix.

Recommended oils

HLP - hydraulic fluids according to DIN 51524

ATF - automatic transmission fluids type A, SUFFIX A
HD - SAE motor oils

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

11

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Troubleshooting
Transmission Operates in
one Direction Only

Check control
linkage

OK

Inspect high pressure

relief valve
(see Series 20 Axial Piston
Motors, Service Manual
and Repair Instruction)

Insert charge
check valves
(see page 14)

OK

Defective

Defective

Defective

Repair
or replace

Repair or replace
(see Series 20 Axial Piston
Motors, Service Manual
and Repair Instruction)

Repair
or replace
(see page 21,22)

Inspect shuttle valve

in valve block

(see Series 20 Axial Piston

Motors, Service Manual
and Repair Instruction)

OK

Inspect control valve

(see page 15)

Defective
Repair or replace
the valve block

(see Series 20 Axial Piston

Motors, Service Manual
and Repair Instruction)

OK

Defective

Replace control valve

(see page 23)

System response is sluggish

Check charge
pressure
(see page 14)

to low
in
neutral

OK

Inspect
control valve
(see page 15)

OK

Inspect motor
by-pass valve
(if used)

Defective

Defective

Replace
control valve
(see page 23)

Repair
or replace

to low inforward
or reverse

OK

Replace
transmission
(pump + motor)

to low in neutral and

forward or reverse

Inspect purge
relief valve at motor

Inspect charge
pressure
OK
relief valve
(see page 14)

Inspect charge
pressure
relief valve
(see page 14)

(see Series 20 Axial Piston

Motors, Service Manual
and Repair Instruction)

Defective

Defective

Defective

Clogged

Defective

Repair
or replace
(see page 21, 22)

Repair or replace
the valve block

Repair
or replace
(see page 21, 22)

Replace

Repair
or replace
(see page 21, 22)

12

(see Series 20 Axial Piston

Motors, Service Manual
and Repair Instruction)

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Inspect
inlet filter

OK

Inspect
charge pump
(see page 14)

OK

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Troubleshooting
Neutral Difficult or
Impossible to Find

Check control
linkage

OK

Inspect control valve

(see page 15)

Defective

Defective

Repair
or replace

Replace control valve

(see page 23)

OK

Replace
pump

System will not Operate in

either Direction

Check fluid
level in
reservoir

OK

Check control
linkage

OK

Inspect motor
by-pass valve
(if used)

to low

Defective

Defective

Fill to
propper level

Repair
or replace

Repair
or replace

Inspect
charge pump
(see page 14)

Inspect
inlet filter

OK

OK

OK

Check charge
pressure
(see page 14)

to low in
neutral and
forward or
reverse

Repair
or replace
(see page 21, 22)

Replace

Repair
or replace
(see page 21, 22)

Replace
transmission
(pump + motor)

Inspect
control valve
(see page 15)

Inspect motor
by-pass valve
(if used)

OK

Defective

Defective

Replace
control valve
(see page 23)

Repair
or replace

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Inspect purge
relief valve at motor

Inspect charge
pressure
OK
relief valve
(see page 14)
Clogged

OK

to low in
forward or
reverse

to low in
neutral

Defective

Defective

OK

(see Series 20 Axial Piston

Motors, Service Manual
and Repair Instruction)

Defective
Repair or replace
the valve block

(see Series 20 Axial Piston

Motors, Service Manual
and Repair Instruction)

OK

Check system
pressure

(see Series 20 Axial Piston

Motors, Service Manual
and Repair Instruction)

13

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Troubleshooting
Inspection Instructions

Checking the charge pressure

1. Clean the charge pressure gauge connection
on the pump.
2. Pressure gauge (see recommended measuring
instruments) to be connected.
3. Set operating speed at 1500 min-1
4. Charge pressure with the pump in neutral ca.
15 - 18 bar [218 - 261 psi]. When the pump in
forward or reverse the charge pressure should
be at a two bar lower level (purge relief valve,
motor).

Checking the charge pump

F000 077

Hex-plug, Spring

Shims Valve cone

3
1. Inspect if contamination is holding the valve
open and for galling or wear on valve cone
and seat and inspect for broken spring.
2. The shaft and gear teeth must work freely.
3. Further disassembly of the charge pump is not
permitted.

F000 078

Checking the charge check valves

1. Remove charge pump to examine check

valves (see page 21).

14

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

5+6

5+6 10

F000 079

F000 080

2. Check the spring pressure and for correct

operations. Check if contamination may be
prohibiting free movement of the ball.

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Trouble Shooting
Inspection Instructions
(continued)

Checking the servo valve (control valve)

86

89, 90

82

F000 083

F000 082

1. Disconnect the external control linkage from

the control handle and check for neutral
operating with control handle. Releasing
control handle should allow the pump to
return to neutral. If operation is satisfactory
with external control linkage disconnected,
the problem is not in the hydrostatic
transmission.
If operation is not satisfactory with external
control linkage disconnected from control
handle, the control may be misadjusted.

2. Remove the cap screws (see page 22).

86

78

Orifice (81)

81 85 80 86 87 88

F000 062
F000 046

3. Holding the control in place, and swing it

away from housing and remove. Inspect
visible linkages, torsion spring, and O-rings.
Inspect for missing, plugged, or incorrect
orifice.

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

4. Further disassembly of servo valve is not

permitted.

15

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Sectional View

Axial piston variable displacement pump

Swash plate

Control handle

Servo valve (control valve)

Charge pump

Input shaft

Charge check valve

Shaft seal
Cylinder block assembly

16

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Servo cylinder

P005 121E

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Exploded View

P005 113

Description of parts:
1 Hexagonal screw
2 Washer
3 Charge pump assembly
4 Gasket charge pump
5 Valve check
6 O-ring
7 Hexagonal screw
8 Hexagonal screw
9 Washer
10 End cap
11 Shim
12 Gasket
13 Bearing
14 Cylindrical pin
15 Valve plate
16 Bearing plate
17 Bearing plate pilot ring
18 Ring retaining
19 Retainer spring
20 Spring guide
21 Spring
22 Spring seat
23 Retainer spring
24 Cylindrical pin
25 Cylinder block
26 Retainer guide
27 Slipper retainer

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

28 Piston assembly
29 Thrust plate
30 Screw
31 Sleeve retainer
32 Servo sleeve complete
33 O-ring
34 O-ring
35 Screw
36 Washer
37 Spring guide
38 Servo spring
46 Pin
47 Locking washer
48 Connecting link
49 Shaft
50 Bearing
51 Gasket
52 Cylindrical pin
53 Cover
54 Washer
55 Hexagonal screw
59 O-ring
60 Plug
61 Expander
62 Housing
63 O-ring
64 Cylindrical pin

65 Hexagonal screw
66 Washer
67 Trunnion
68 Shim pack
69 O-ring
70 Bearing
71 O-ring
75 O-ring
77 Ring retaining
78 Gasket
80 O-ring
81 Orifice
82 Kit control valve
85 Spacer control servo
86 Handle control handle
87 Lock washer tooth
88 Nut hex
89 Washer
90 Hexagonal screw
102 Hexagonal screw
121 Orifice
125 Orifice
135 Swash plate complete
145 O-ring
146 O-ring
198 Cylinder block kit
199 Shaft seal kit

17

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Minor repairs

The areas of repair indicated may be serviced, following the procedures in this manual, without
invalidating the warranty.
Preparation for assembly
When using a lifting device, the hooks at the end of the slings, are to be fastened in the rings fitted at
the front and rear of the motor body. It is recommended that an mounting block should be used in
order to facilitate a professional operation.

F000 085
F000 084

Mounting block

70
[2.756]
5x45

ca. 5 mm Chamfer
[ca. 0.2 in]

20
[0.787]

10
[0.394]

[ 1
5. 30
11
8]

250
[9.843]

5 ]
16 96
.4
[6

250
[9.843]

18

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

10 Pin
[0.394]

P005 112E

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Minor repairs
(continued)

Changing the shaft seal (disassembly)

77

F000 087
F000 086

It is recommended that all shaft seal parts be

replaced. If parts are to be reused, they must be
protected from being damaged by the shaft
during removal. Remove the large retaining ring
located on the shaft end of the pump.
Remove the side opposite the tangs from the
groove first.

71 Bronze ring

77

Clamp seal puller

on seal-stationary

The seal-stationary is removed next. It is held in

place by the friction of the O-ring on its O. D.
Remove seal-stationary with the help of a seal
puller to prevent damage to outer edge.
C CAUTION!
These parts can be easily damaged. Use care in
handling. Each part should be inspected
separately if parts are to be reused.
Always replace the O-rings.
Lubricate the small O-ring with petroleum jelly
and insert into the I. D. of the bronze rotating
ring.
Lubricate the large O-ring and place the O. D. of
the seal-stationary.

F000 088

77
75 Seal stationary
The rotating seal ring (bronze ring) is also held in
its position by the O-ring. It can be removed with
the help of two screw drivers.

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

19

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Minor repairs
(continued)

Changing the shaft seal (assembly)

Slide the bronze sealing ring over the shaft and

onto the shaft pilot diameter with the O-ring
facing the unit. Work the ring into place using
hand force only.

71 Bronze ring

C CAUTION!
Protect parts from damage by the shaft.

F000 089

Seal stationary

F000 213
F000 090

Slide seal-stationary into place against the

bronze sealing ring.

77

Clamp seal puller

on seal-stationary

77
Compress the seal-stationary to expose the
retaining ring groove. Install the retaining ring
with the beveled side out, putting the side
opposite the tangs into the groove first. Be
certain that the retaining ring has snapped into
the groove completely.

F000 091

20

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Changing the charge pump and the charge check valves

1, 2

Socket wrench

Pin

Spring pin

Charge pressure relief valve

Minor repairs
(continued)

F000 092

To remove the charge pump, loosen the four (4)

cap screws that form a rectangular pattern. Do
not remove the screws at the top and bottom as
these hold the segments of the pump together.
Lift the charge pump off the pump end cap.
There is a spacer in the idler shaft bore that can
slip out as the pump is removed. Do not allow it
to fall into the main pump. There is a gasket
between the charge pump and end cap that
should be discarded.
Hex-plug, Spring
Shims Valve cone

F000 093

When installing the charge pump, align the new

gasket so that the small relief valve port is open.
Be certain the port in the charge pump and the
end cap are aligned. Rotate the charge pump
shaft so its tang aligns approximately with the
slot in the end of the main pump drive shaft.
Hold the idler spacer in place and install the
charge pump onto the end cap. Rotate the pump
slightly until the tang and slot on the shafts
engage and the pump is solidly on the end cap.
Insert four (4) cap screws and torque as specified
at the end of this manual.
Torque spanner

F000 078

F000 063

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

21

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Minor repairs
(continued)

To inspect or replace the charge relief valve, use

a 1 wrench to remove the hex plug and the
spring and valve cone. Remove the shims from
the counter bore of the plug. Do not alter these
shims unless new parts are used, in which case
adjusting the valve setting, by shimming, is
necessary. To install, insert valve cone, spring,
shims and plug. Be certain shims are in place in
plug. Torque to 22 - 24 Nm [195 - 212 lbfin].
3

1+2

F000 064

22

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

The removal of the charge check valves requires

the use of a draglink socket. These check valves
are cartridges which are threaded into the end
cap.
The charge check valves are interchangeable
with each other. It is suggested that they be
replaced in pairs. Use caution when installing
these valves to prevent damage to the O-ring on
the cartridge as it is inserted past the threads in
the end cap.
After assembly, be certain the check valves are
below the surface of the end cap. Torque check
valves as specified at the end of this manual.

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Minor repairs
(continued)

Changing the servo valve (control valve)

89, 90

82

86

F000 083

F000 046

Thoroughly clean external surfaces with steam or clean solvent and blow dry. Remove the nine (9) cap
screws (using 7/16 wrench) and swing control away from housing.
C CAUTION:
Protect exposed surfaces and cavities from damage and foreign material. Use caution so that the
rings and orifice plate remain in place and do not fall into the pump housing.
Slip the pin on control linkage out of the link attached to the swash plate and remove control. The
area is sealed with both a gasket and three (3) O-rings.
In preparation for installing the control, place a
new gasket on the housing. Insert the orifice
plate and three (3) O-rings into the control ports.
Engage the pin on the control linkage in the
mating hole in the link attached to the swash
plate. Use caution so that the O-rings and orifice
plate remain in place and do not fall into the
pump housing.
Swing the control into place against the pump
housing. Install cap screws and torque to 12 - 14
Nm [106 - 124 lbfin].
F000 064

89, 90

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

82

23

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Minor repairs
(continued)

Changing the valve- and bearing plate (disassembly)

10

7, 8, 9

Socket insert

1. Disassembly the charge pump (see pages 21,

22).
2. The end-cap screws may not be loosened until
the shaft seal has been removed (see page 19).
Remove all but two of the screws which hold
the end cap to the pump casing.
There is an internal spring loading on the end
cap and as the last two screws are loosened
the end cap should separate from the
housing. Loosen these screws alternately until
the loading has been released.
C CAUTION:
Major repairs may affect the unit warranty,
therefore equipment manufacturer should be
consulted prior to undertaking such repairs.

F000 096

3. The end cap can now be removed from the

pump body. In order to avoid the valve plate
being damaged by dropping down when the
end cover is removed, it must be held firmly as
the cover is removed, as shown in the
illustration. Should the valve plate stick to the
bearing plate, it can then be lifted out
separately.
All surfaces must be treated with the greatest
care. Any damage to the surfaces must be
avoided.

10

15

F000 097

63
12
17
16
15
10

F000 098

24

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Minor repairs
(continued)

counterclockwise
15

clockwise
15

16

17

F000 099

The pump valve plate has two tapered slots

running in opposite directions. The valve plate
illustrated on the left is for left handed (counter
clockwise) operation, and the valve plate
illustrated on the right is for right handed
operation (clockwise).

F000 100

Remove the bearing plate and the bearing plate

pilot ring from the cylinder block. Any damaged
bearings or valve plates must be replaced.
Gaskets and O-rings must in any event always be
exchanged.
Protect all exposed sealing surfaces and open
cavities from damage and foreign material.

Changing the valve- and bearing plate (assembly)

15

17

16

F000 101

When reassembling, begin by replacing the

bearing plate pilot ring in the cylinder block.
F000 102

10

12

63

Next place the bearing plate on the cylinder

block, ensuring that the bearing plate slots lie
beneath the positioning pin of the cylinder block.
In this way the bearing plate will be retained.
Now lubricate the bearing plate with clean oil.
L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

25

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Minor repairs
(continued)

15 10

The valve plate must be positioned with the slot

in the valve plate on the dowel pin of the end
cap housing.


7, 8, 9

Torque spanner
with extension piece

F000 103

Mount the end cap and the valve plate, ensuring

that the valve plate is held in such a way that it
cannot be dropped during assembly.
The end cap must be turned so that the two
dowel pins of the pump housing are positioned
over the locating holes.

F000 065

The end cap must now be carefully tightened

down with two opposing fixing screws, ensuring
that the two dowel pins fit into the holes in the
end cap. The remaining screws can then be
inserted and tightened up.
Install the remaining shaft seal and charge pump
as outlined in the minor repair procedure.

26

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Changing the cylinder block kit (disassembly)
13

20
Cone bearing

Bearing Puller

Minor repairs
(continued)

F000 104

F000 066

13

Cone bearing

After removal of the bearing, slip the spacer out

of the bore of the cylinder block.

In order to change the cylinder block assembly,

the shaft seal must first be removed (page 19) as
well as the charge pump (page 21 and 22) and the
end cap (page 24 and 25). The bearing can then
be removed from the shaft with a bearing puller.
A spacer is required to protect the slot in the end
of the pump shaft from the puller screw. When
doing this, great care must be exercised to
ensure that the bearing casing is not damaged.
The cylinder block surfaces must be protected.
49

27

28

25

23

F000 105

25 26
Place the pump horizontally in reparation for
removal of the cylinder block assembly. Slide the
cylinder block assembly off the shaft while
holding the external end of the shaft.

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

28

F000 067

Depending upon the extent of damage, the

cylinder block assembly should be either
completely, or partly, replaced. Any individual
part can be changed as may be necessary.

27

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Minor repairs
(continued)

29

49

F000 106

Before reassembling the cylinder block assembly,

the thrust plate must be withdrawn from the
swash plate, and be tested to ensure that it has a
perfect surface. If there is any damage to the
surface, the plate must be replaced. When the
thrust plate is replaced, care must be taken that
the side with the chamfer is placed next to the
swash plate.

The cylinder block assembly should be installed

next. It is necessary to check alignment of the
ball guide and cylinder block splines. The
undersized tooth in the spline of the cylinder
block must line up with the missing tooth in the
ball guide spline. These in turn line up with a
missing tooth on the shaft spline.
Lubricate the thrust plate, slippers, pistons, and
bores with clean oil. Slide the cylinder block
assembly onto the shaft and against the thrust
plate.

13

20 Cone bearing

13

Bearing puller
Cone bearing

see page 18

F000 108

The pump should then be moved from the

horizontal to a vertical position. The spring guide
can now be pushed over the shaft.

28

F000 107

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

F000 068

Before fitting the tapered bearing, the shaft must

be supported underneath so that the spring
guide is not compressed by the bearing. A spacer
is required to protect the slot in the end of the
end of the pump shaft from the puller screw.

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Minor repairs
(continued)

Changing the swash plate and servo piston (disassembly)

In order to be able to replace the swash plate and
the servo pistons, the operations previously
described on the pages 19, 21, 22, 23 and 25 must
be carried out.

F000 112

102
51 50 49

54, 55 Cone bearing

53
F000 246

Loosen the front cover screws and remove the

front cover with gasket. The shaft with bearing
can then be removed.

30 31

Next mark the depth to which the servo cylinder

has been screwed in, so that reassembly of the
swash plate can be correctly effected. Mark servo
sleeve and housing-bore to show the relative
position.
32

Loosen the screws on the retaining plate of the

servo cylinder and remove the plate.

F000 110

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

62

32

Unscrew the servo cylinder with an open ended

spanner or pliers.
F000 111

29

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

62 67 67

65
67
69
70
66
68
Cone bearing

F000 114

Take care that the plastic shims are kept together

with the respective trunnions.

F000 113

Mark the trunnion to facilitate correct

re-assembly later, and loosen the three screws on
each trunnion. Than remove the trunnion.
135

F000 116

35, 36, 37, 38

F000 245

Once the trunnions have been removed, the

swash plate can be removed complete with
servo piston.

30

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

135

46, 47, 48

Individual parts of the servo piston can if

necessary, be replaced.

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Major repairs
(continued)

Changing the swash plate and servo piston (assembly)

135

Swash plate
connecting link

Once several parts have been replaced as

necessary lay the swash plate complete with
servo piston, in the pump housing and bring the
swash plate connecting link into the correct
position.

F000 245

Then fit the trunnions with new O-rings (69).

Take care that the plastic shims are replaced in
the same position as prior to dismantling.

32

33, 34

32

F000 118

67

65, 66

135

F000 118

Bring the reference marks on the trunnion in line

with those on the housing.

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

F000 116

Mount the servo cylinder with new O-rings

(lubricate O-rings with petroleum jelly before
assembly) and turn the servo cylinder to the
marked position.

31

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Major repairs
(continued)

If adjustment required follow these steps.

a. Back out both servo housings until the spring
load is released on the swash plate (check by
rocking swash plate).
b. Thread in each housing until spring load just
starts to be felt on the swash plate.
c. Check measurement as described previously.
d. Thread each housing farther in until the
measurements are within 0.03 of each other.
31

F000 121

The neutral (zero angle) position of the swash

plate must now be checked using a depth
micrometer.
The thrust plate must be installed on the swash
plate for this measurement. Measure the distance
from the end cap mounting face of the pump
housing to the face of the thrust plate 90 to the
trunnions, at the outer edge of the thrust plate.
Take the same measurement at a point 180
(opposite edge of the thrust plate) from the first.
These measurements must not vary more than
0.03 from each other.

32

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

F000 122

Secure the servo cylinder with the retaining

plate.
After adjustment has been completed, the
retainers can be installed and peened into the
locking slot on the housing.

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Major repairs
(continued)

50 Cone bearing

Torque
54, 55, 102 spanner
53

49

F000 069

F000 123

Remove the thrust plate and set the pump on the

servo housings.
Insert the shaft and bearing assembly through
the cast hole in the swash plate, allowing the
bearing to rest on the cast leveled edge.
Changing the pump shaft
In order to replace the pump shaft, the stripping
operations given under pages 19, 21, 22, 23,24, 25,
27 must be carried out.

Take care that the shaft seal is only fitted after

the end cap has been screwed down. If any of
those parts are replaced, the shaft end play must
be checked:
drive shaft - bearings - housing - front cover - end
cap.
To check the shaft end play, assemble the above
parts plus the gaskets. The shaft end play should
be from 0.08 to 0.18 mm [0.003 - 0.007 in] for
frame sizes 033 - 089 and from 0.15 to 0.3 mm
[0.006 - 0.012 in] for frame sizes 119 - 334. If
adjustment is necessary, a shim can be placed
under the bearing race in the end cap.
Disassemble these parts and resume reassembly
procedure.

50
Cone bearing

49

F000 124

The tapered bearing can be pressed off the shaft

if required. Be careful not to damage the seal
diameter of the shaft while removing the
bearing.

102
51 50 49

54, 55 Cone
bearing
L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

53

F000 112

33

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Disassembly and Assembly

Major repairs
(continued)

Next loosen the front cover screws and remove the front cover together with the gasket. The shaft
with bearing can then be removed.
Should the bearings be damaged, the bearing cup in the front cover must also be replaced.
Remove the thrust plate and set the pump on the servo housings.

50 Cone bearing

Torque
54, 55, 102 spanner
53

49

F000 069

Install the front cover and gasket, being certain

that the locating pins are in place in the housing.
These parts will go on only one way and have all
the mounting holes align with the housing.
Resume reassembly procedure.

F000 123

Insert the shaft and the bearing assembly through

the cast hole in the swash plate, allowing the
bearing to rest on the cast leveled edge.

34

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

Service Manual and

Repair Instructions

Axial Piston Pumps Series 20

Installation Torque Values

Installation torque values Nm [lbfin], series 20
Frame size
033
052
070
End cap
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
Charge pump
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
Charge pump, suction port
18.6 [165] - 27.5 [243]
18.6 [165] - 27.5 [243]
18.6 [165] - 27.5 [243]
Servo valve (control valve)
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
Charge check valve
40.7 [360] - 54.2 [480]
40.7 [360] - 54.2 [480]
40.7 [360] - 54.2 [480]
Front cover
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
Spring assembly
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
Servo piston
18.6 [165]***
18.6 [165]***
18.6 [165]***
Frame size
119
166
227
End cap
90.9 [805] - 111.2 [984]
181.7 [1608] - 223.7 [1980]
325.4 [2880] - 393.2 [3480]
Charge pump
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
Charge pump, suction port
20.6 [182] - 31.4 [278]
20.6 [182] - 31.4 [278]
20.6 [182] - 31.4 [278]
Servo valve (control valve)
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
108.5 [960] - 122.1 [1081]
108.5 [960] - 122.1 [1081]**
108.5 [960] - 122.1 [1081]**
Charge check valve
169.5 [1500] - 183.1 [1621]
169.5 [1500] - 183.1 [1621]
Front cover
90.9 [805] - 111.2 [984]
90.9 [805] - 111.2 [984]
90.9 [805] - 111.2 [984]
Spring assembly
21.7 [192] - 28.5 [252]
21.7 [192] - 28.5 [252]
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
Servo piston
40.2 [356]***
40.2 [356]***
40.2 [356]***
** for charge pump 32.8 cm3 [2.00 inch3]
*** only for locking screw

L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

089
61.0 [540] - 73.2 [648]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
18.6 [165] - 27.5 [243]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
40.7 [360] - 54.2 [480]
61.0 [540] - 73.2 [648]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
18.6 [165]***
334
325.4 [2880] - 393.2 [3480]
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
20.6 [182] - 31.4 [278]
13.6 [120] - 14.9 [132]
108.5 [960] - 122.1 [1081]**
169.5 [1500] - 183.1 [1621]
90.9 [805] - 111.2 [984]
36.6 [324] - 50.2 [444]
40.2 [356]***

35

Products we offer:
Bent Axis Motors
Closed Circuit Axial Piston
Pumps and Motors
Displays

Danfoss Power Solutions is a global manufacturer and supplier of high-quality hydraulic and
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L1003506 Rev BA Jun 2014

www.danfoss.com

Danfoss A/S, 2014-06