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From Foundation Analysis and Design,

5th edition, by Joseph E. Bowles,


McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996.

L1 / 2

Note: In this elemental


ASAT matrix, K1 and
K2 only include the
contribution of the
subgrade modulus for
the element. If ks is
constant for the
element, then:
K1 = (L1/2) ks B = K2

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