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Stilistika 1155
Stilistika 1155
includes informative materials: news in brief, headlines, ads, additional articles. But not
everything published in the paper can be included in N.S. we mean publicist essays, feature
articles, scient. Reviews are not N.S. to attract the readers attention special means are used
by british & am. Papers ex: specific headlines, space ordering. We find here a large
proportion of dates, personal names of countries, institutions, individuals. To achieve an
effect of objectivity in rendering some fact or event most of info is published anonymously,
without the name of newsman who supplied it, with little or no subjective modality. But the
position of the paper becomes clear from the choice not only of subj. matter but also of
words denoting international or domestic issues. Substyles . To understand the language
peculiarities of English newspaper style it will be sufficient to analyze the following basic
newspaper features:1) brief news items;2) advertisements and announcements;3)
headlines; Brief items: its function is to inform the reader. It states only facts
without giving comments. The vocabulary used is neutral and common literary.
Specific features are: a) special political and economic terms; b) non-term
political vocabulary; c) newspaper clichs; d) abbreviations; e) neologisms.
Publicist style. (oratory, speeches, essays, articles) the style is a perfect ex.
Of historical changeability of stylistic differentiation of discourses. In Greece it
was practiced in oral form which was named P. in accordance with the name of
its corresponding genre. PS is famous for its explicit pragmatic function of
persuasion directed at influencing the reader & shaping his views in accordance
with the argumentation of the author. We find in PS a blend of the rigorous
logical reasoning, reflecting the objective state of things & a strong subjectivity
reflecting the authors personal feelings and emotions towards the discussed
subject. Substyles: The oratory essays, journalistic articles, radio and TV
commentary. Oratory. It makes use of a great hummber of expressive means
to arouse and keep the public's interest: repetition, gradation, antithesis,
rhetorical questions, emotive words, elements of colloquial speech. Radio and
TV commentary is less impersonal and more expressive and emotional. The
essay is very subjective and the most colloquial of the all substyles of the
publicistic style. It makes use of expressive means and tropes. The journalistic
articles are impersonal.
Belles-lettres style.
(the style of fiction) embraces:1)poetry; 2)drama; 3)emotive prose. B-l style or
the style of imaginative literature may be called the richest register of
communication: besides its own lan-ge means which are not used in any
other sphere of communication, b-l st. makes ample use of other styles
too, for in numerous works of literary art we find elements of scientific,
official and other functional types of speech. Besides informative and
persuasive functions, also found in other functional styles, the b-l style
has a unique task to impress the reader aesthetically. The form becomes
meaningful and carries additional info. Boundless possibilities of
expressing one's thoughts and feelings make the b-l style a highly
attractive field of research for a linguist.
The belles-lettres style, in each of its concrete representations, fulfils the
aesthetic function, which fact singles this style out of others and gives grounds
to recognize its systematic uniqueness, i.e. charges it with the status if an
autonomous functional style.
The subject of stylistics. Its connection with other disciplines.
branch of general linguistics. It has mainly with two tasks: St-s is regarded as
a lang-ge science which deals with the results of the act of communication.
There are 2 basic objects of st-s: - stylistic devices and figures of speech; functional styles. Branches of st-s: - Lexical st-s studies functions of direct
and figurative meanings, also the way contextual meaning of a word is realized
in the text. L.S. deals with various types of connotations expressive,
evaluative, emotive; neologisms, dialectal words and their behavior in the text.
- Grammatical st-s is subdivided into morphological and syntactical. Morph-l s.
views stylistic potential of gram-l categories of dif-t parts of speech. Potential of
the number, pronouns- Syntactical s. studies syntactic, expressive means,
word order and word combinations, dif-t types of sentences and types of
syntactic connections. Also deals with origin of the text, its division on the
paragraphs, dialogs, direct and indirect speech, the connection of the sentences,
types of sentences. - Phonostylistics phonetical organization of prose and
poetic texts. Here are included rhythm, rhythmical structure, rhyme, alliteration,
assonance and correlation of the sound form and meaning. Also studies
deviation in normative pronunciation. - Functional S (s. of decoding) deals
with all subdivisions of the language and its possible use (newspaper, colloquial
style). Its object - correlation of the message and communicative situation.
Scientific Prose Style
The style of scientific prose has 3 subdivisions:1) the style of humanitarian
sciences; 2) the style of "exact" sciences; 3) the style of popular scientific
prose. Its function is to work out and ground theoretically objective knowledge
about reality. The aim of communication is to create new concepts, disclose the
international laws of existence. The peculiarities are: objectiveness; logical
coherence, impersonality, unemotional character, exactness. The scientific prose
style consists mostly of ordinary words which tend to be used in their primary
logical meaning. Emotiveness depends on the subject of investigation but
mostly scientific prose style is unemotional. Grammar: The logical presentation
and cohesion of thought manifests itself in a developed feature of scientific
syntax is the use of established patterns. - postulatory; - formulative; argumentative; The impersonal and objective character of scientific prose style
is revealed in the frequent use of passive constructions, impersonal sentences.
Personal sentences are more frequently used in exact sciences. In humanities
we may come across constructions but few. Some features of the style in the
text are: - use of quotations and references; - use of foot-notes helps to
preserve the logical coherence of ideas. Scientific popular style has the following
peculiarities: emotive words, elements of colloquial style.