UNIT ZERO

hat's this?

Match the words with the items.

a.______Dress
b.______TV set
c.______Jacket
d.______Cell phone

e.______DVD player

f.______T-shirt
4

g.______Digital camera

h.______Computer
7

i.______IPod
j.______Watch

10

Write a or an next to each item

1._____Umbrella.
2._____Chair.
3._____Table.
4._____Address book.
5._____House.
6._____Uniform
7._____Honest man.
8._____Pen.

a + consonant sound
an + vowel sound

Pair work. Point to each picture above and ask and

answer the question What's this
Whats this?

Its an umbrella

UNIT ZERO
D

Study the following chart.

Singular nouns
What's this? / What's that?
a. It's ...... a dress
a TV set
a jacket
a cell phone
a DVD player
a T-shirt
a digital camera
a computer
an IPod
a watch
an umbrella.
a chair.
a table.
an address book.
a house.
an uniform
an honest man.
a pen

Plural nouns
What are these? / What are those?
They are.....

dresses
TV sets
jackets
cell phones
DVD players
T-shirts
digital cameras
computers
IPods
watches
umbrellas.
chairs.
tables.
address books.
houses.
uniforms
honest men.
pens.

!Use this and these for things close to you.

!Use that and those for things away from you.

Now complete the questions with: this and these

1.What's __________?
It's a laptop
3.What____________?
They're jackets.

2) What are _________?

They are dresses.
4) What ____________?
It's a uniform.

Now complete the questions with: that and those.

1.What's __________?
It's a DVD player
3. What____________?
They're watches.

2) What are _________?

Theyre computers.
4) What ____________?
It's an apple.

UNIT ZERO
DIRECTIONS: Complete each sentence with the word a, an, or nothing.
1)That is ____________________ watch.
2)This is ____________________ answering machine.
3)That is ____________________ old camera.
4)Those are ____________________ old shoes.
5)This is ____________________ heavy answering machine.
6)These are ____________________ new books.

DIRECTIONS: Choose the word or words that best fits each description.
a.They're an answering machine.
b.It's an answering machine.
c.It's answering machines.
d.They're shoes.

1.What's this?
a.They're cell phones.
b.It's a cell phone.
c.They're a cell phone.

2.What's this?

d.It's cell phones.

a.They're a shoe.
b.It's a shoe.
c.It's shoes.
d.They're shoes.

3.What's this?

UNIT ZERO

a.They're a cup.
b.It's cups.
c.They're cups.
d.It's a cup.

4.What's this?

a.They're Cds.
b.They're a CD.
c.It's Cds.
d.It's a CD.

UNIT ONE

I am an English student.

Speaking: Introducing yourself

Practice the conversation in pairs.

Sarah: Hi. My name is Sarah. I'm in apartment 305.
What's your name?
John: Hi, Sarah. My name is John. I'm in 201.
It's nice to meet you.
Sarah: It's nice to meet you, too.
John: So where are you from, Sarah?
Sarah: I'm from Piura. What about you?
John: I'm from England.
Sarah: What's your job?
John: I'm an English teacher. I work at Language
Institute of Piura National University.
Sarah: That's interesting. I'm an English student there.

UNIT ONE
Kak

- Brazil
- A football player
Issey Miyake

- Japan
- A designer

Kina Malpartida

Chayanne

- Puerto Rico
- A singer

- Peru
- A boxer

Sharon Stone

Steven Spielberg

- The USA
- An actress

- The USA
- Movie Director

Grammar: Subject pronouns and possessive adjectives

A

Match each sentence with a picture

a)He is a teacher.
b)She is a student.
c)You are an English student.
d)I am a student.
e)It is an English book.
f)They are students.

Write the sentences in part A using contractions.

a)He's a teacher.
b)__________________
c)__________________

d)__________________
e)__________________
f)__________________

UNIT ONE
B

Pair work. Practice the conversation.

Then practice with your own information

Group work. Introduce yourself to three classmates.

Then ask about their names and occupations.
Complete the chart with their information.
Name
Sarah
John
1._____________
2._____________
3._____________

Country
Peru
England
_________________
_________________
_________________

Job
English student
English teacher
_________________
_________________
_________________

Group work. Imagine you're one of these famous people and

answer the following questions using the following information
in the cards.
What's your name?

Where are you from? What's your job?

Barrack Obama

- The USA
- The American President
Enrique Iglesias

- Spain
- A singer

Harrison Ford

Kate Winslett

- The USA
- An actor

- The UK
- An actress

Shakira

- Colombia
- A singer

Mario Vargas Llosa

- Peru
- A writer

UNIT ONE
Complete the sentences. Use possessive adjectives.

1.It is a book. _______ title is Easy English

2.He's a doctor. ______ name is Paul.
3.She's a nurse. ______ name is Sue.
4.You're a teacher. You're ______ teacher.
5.You're a student. _______ teacher is Mr. Fuller.
6.I am a Thomas. _____ surname is Rodrguez.
7.They're brothers. _______ names are Michael and Steven.
8.We're students here. _______ teacher is Mr. Fuller.

Complete the chart with the questions and answers.

No, I'm not
Is your surname Fuller?
No, he's not.

Is Paul a teacher?
Yes, you are.
No, she's not. She's a nurse. Yes, it is

Yes/no Questions
Am I a student?

AnswersAm I a student?
1.______________
No, you're not. You're a teacher

Are you a teacher?

Yes, I am
2.______________

3._____________

Yes, he is.
4._______________

5._____________

6._______________
No, it's not.

Is she a doctor?

Yes, she is.

7._______________

Write a short answer Quiz.

e.g. Is Pisco Peruvian_ Yes, it is.

1._______________________________________? _______________
2._______________________________________?_______________
3._______________________________________?_______________
4._______________________________________?_______________
5._______________________________________?_______________

UNIT ONE
F

A)Complete the ID cards.

Use the following information.

Semester: Summer
Teacher: John Fuller
Surname
Ardis
Rodriguez
Bennet
Ruiz

Student ID
First name: Ana
Last name: ____
_
Age: 25
E-mail address:
____________
____

First name
Sean
Pedro
Michelle
Ana

Student ID
First name: Ard
is
Last name: ____
_
Age: 24
E-mail address:
____________
____

Course: Elementary I
Room: 7
Age
24
22
26
25

E-mail address
seanardis@yahoo.com
pedro_rodo@hotmail.com
michelle_ben@gmail.com
anitaruiz86@hotmail.com

Student ID
First name: Mic
helle
Last name: benn
et
Age:
E-mail address:
____________
____

Student ID
First name:
Last name: Rod
riguez
Age:
E-mail address:
____________
____

Work in pairs.
Student A asks student B the following questions:
What's his/her first name?
What's his/her surname?
What's his/her e-mail address?
How old is he/she?
Student B answers using the information above.

UNIT ONE

Reading

Read the following information and then answer the questions.

Use Short answers.
She's Kina Malpartida. She's from Lima, Peru. She is 31 years old.
She's a professional boxer. She's single. She's nice, beautiful and
very strong.
He's Ricardo Lopez. He's from Catacaos. He's 27 years old.
He's an excellent potter. He's married and has three kids.
He's really hardworking.
He's Pablo Ramirez. He's from Lima, the capital of Peru.
He's 17 years old. He's a university student.
He's really intelligent.
1.Is Kina Malpartida married? _______________________
2.Is Pablo from Catacaos? __________________________
3.Is Ricardo a professional boxer? ____________________
4.Is Kina's surname Lopez? _________________________
5.Is Ricardo a potter? ______________________________
6.Is Pablo very young? _____________________________

Reading
Read the paragraphs about places in Piura and answer
the questions.
THE CATHEDRAL
The cathedral on the Plaza de Armas is a beautiful
church in Piura. It was originally built is 1588.
The impressive gold-covered side altar of the
Virgin of Fatima was once the main altar in the
church. There, you can also see the Child Jesus
of Prague which is more than 350 years old.
You can also see several paintings. For example,
you can see the canvas of San Martn de Porres
which was painted by the local artist Ignacio
Merino in the mid-19th century.

UNIT ONE
PLAZA DE ARMAS
This is one of the most picturesque town squares in
the country. It is bordered with leafy tamarindos
which provide shade and fresh air. In the center of
the square is the monument of liberty, better
known as La Pola.

CASA GRAU
This is the house where Admiral Miguel Grau was
born on July 27, 1834. It's on Tacna Street.
The museum has 4 rooms and a library. In the
first room you can see photos and documents of
the old house. In the other three rooms you can
also see letters, photos and furniture used by the
admiral. The house was restored by the Peruvian
navy and is now a naval museum.

MUSEO DE ORO VICUS

The small Museo de Oro Vicus, also known as
Museo Municipal, has an underground museum
with gold nearby Vicus culture sites. This museum
has an art gallery and a large archeological section
including many prehispanics ceramics of the region.
The museum is situated on the corner of Sullana
Avenue and Hunuco Street.

Answer the following question using some :

For example:
There are some city landmarks in Piura
What is there in:( uses the bold words )
THE CATHEDRAL
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________

UNIT ONE
THE CATHEDRAL
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________
PLAZA DE ARMAS
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________
CASA GRAU
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________
MUSEO DE ORO VICUS
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________

Change these sentences in interrogative USING ANY form:

For example:
Are there any city landmarks in Piura?
THE CATHEDRAL
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________
PLAZA DE ARMAS
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________
CASA GRAU
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________
MUSEO DE ORO VICUS
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________

UNIT ONE
Writing
Write 5 sentences about the places that Piura has:
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________

Reading
The carob tree
Piura is one of the wonderful places in Peru,
there are a lot of resources. One of them is the
carobs tree. We can find them in the coast, in
our desert and in the city too. The fruit is a dark
brown pod of 10 to 30 cm in length, containing a
rubbery sweet flesh and with this you can obtain
a dark healthy syrup. It is an energetic food
with high sugar content, 50% natural sugar, 10%
protein and minerals like calcium and iron.

The House of the Future

Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, has a $53,392,200
house in Medina, Washington. In his house there are
seven bedrooms, twenty four bathrooms and six kitchens.
There is a huge library and even a movie theater.
The security system includes cameras and sensors in
the floor. The house computer system automatically
turns on music when you enter a room.

Answer these questions:

1.How many bedrooms are there?
2.Is there a movie theater? How many bathrooms are there?
3.How many kitchens are there?
4.Is there a library?
5.Is there a computer system?
6.Are there any cameras?

UNIT ONE
Practice
Complete the sentences with is or are.
1. There _____ many animals in the zoo.
2. There _____ a snake in the window.
3. There _____ a zebra in the grass.
4. There _____ lions in the zoo.
5. There _____ many baby lions near their parents.
6. There _____ a bird next to the tree.
7. There _____ many monkeys in the trees.
8. There _____ an elephant in the zoo.
9. There _____ some water in the lake near the elephants.
10. There _____ birds in the zoo.
11. There _____ many people visiting the animals today.
12. There _____ many children, too.
13. There _____ a gorilla in the tree.
14. There _____ some grass under the tree.
15. There _____ bananas in the tree with the gorilla.
16. There _____ many birds near the gorilla.
17. There _____ a rock near the tree.
18. There _____ many sharks in the aquarium.
19. There _____ an eel in the aquarium, too.
20. There _____ lots of water for the fish.
21. There _____ many animals to see at the zoo.

UNIT ONE

CONSOLIDATION

Learning English
Before you readWork with a partner.
Why do you study English?
I study
easy
(ad]) English because
a piece
goal
(n)
to with
do something
/ having
enough skill
VocabularyMatch
the able
word
the correct
meaning.
master (v)
wanting to do something
a chunk (n)
to learn completely
motivation (n)
not difficult to do, and not needing much effort
competent (ad])
something that you want to get in the future

ReadingQuickly read the following text:

How difficult is it to learn English? The answer can surprise you,
but it's easy to learn it. Language-learning is big business; with
book/CD packs that promise that you will speak English very well
in a couple of months. But do you think you can really learn a
language this way?
The secret to learn a language is study a little, but very often. This
is the most common advice. The brain is designed to store
information in small chunks. So don't spend all weekend studying
lists of vocabulary. It's a good idea to study a few words every day.
Carry a small vocabulary notebook and review the words and
expressions you want to master.
For some students, setting a goal is important. It can be an
academic goal, such as passing an English examination. The goal can be the
ability to talk with some American or British tourists. Both are good aims, and
can help students with motivation.
Students sometimes feel that they are not making any progress. For low-level
learners, progress is obvious. For higher-level students, it's not so clear. A good
way of checking progress is to look back at material you have studied before. If
you understand it, you are making progress.
For students who want to become competent in English, regular reading is the
answer. The key is reading for pleasure. It doesn't need to be difficult newspaper
articles, or long novels. Instead, it's a great idea to choose reading materials on a
topic of interest. It can be music, cars, sports, movies, computers, etc.
Listen, listen and listen. Take one text for listening and try to listen to it as many
times as you can. Take the next one only when you are sure that you know every
single word from the 1st text.
Talk, talk and talk. Do not be shy and use every opportunity to talk to English
speakers.
The methods the student uses to learn English are important, but the greatest
challenge is motivation, rather than the language itself.

UNIT ONE
Comprehension
Are these sentences true or false? Correct the false ones.
According to the article...
1)It's difficult to learn English.
2)It's a good idea to study English for a long time at weekends.
3)Carrying a vocabulary notebook with you is a good idea.
4)Setting goals can help with motivation.
5)Sometimes, students think they aren't improving.
6)The writer recommends reading serious articles in newspapers.
CollocationsCan you link the two halves of these phrases?
1)It's a good idea to newspaper article.
2)Such as passingaims.
3)Both are goodstudying vocabulary.
4)Do you think you any progress.
5)Spend the weekendstudy a few words every day.
6)Makingan English examination.
7)A difficultcan really learn a language this way?

Discussion
Ask your partner(s) these questions. Ask follow-up questions?
Do you think it's easy to learn English?
Do you agree with the pieces of advice found in the article?
Can you think of more pieces of advice to learn English?
Do you have good study habits?
Do you have goals for learning English?
Do you read anything in English outside the class?

UNIT TWO

I always check my e-mails.

Speaking:
A

Match the verbs with the correct picture.

1.Listen to music
2.Cook
3.Watch TV.
4.Go shopping
5.Get home

6.Clean the house

7.Sleep
8.Have breakfast
9.Get up
10.Take the us

11.Go to work
12.Take a shower
13.Study
14.Talk on the phone
15.Surf the net

Talk about your daily routine.

Grammar
A)Read about Mario's day, and fill in the table below.

UNIT TWO

I always check my e-mails.

I always get up very early - at about 6 o'clock. I have breakfast with my

wife and kids, and then leave for work at 7:15. I go to work by bus, and
get to my workplace just before nine.
When I arrive at my workplace, I always check my email. I get a lot of
messages from our clients. Then I usually have a meeting with my team
from 11 to 12 o'clock.
I have lunch in the office cafeteria at 12. The food isn't very good,
but it's cheap.
After lunch I sometimes meet clients, or write reports.
I usually finish work at about 6 o'clock, but I sometimes work overtime.
I get home about an hour later, and have dinner with my family.
In the evening, I help my children with their homework, and watch
television with my wife.
TIME
6:00 AM.

ACTIVITY
He gets up.

7:15 AM.
11:00 AM- 12:00 PM.
12:00 PM.
6:00 PM.
7:00 PM.
B)Choose a verb, and write it in the correct form.
WORK

GET

HAVE

CHECK

MEET

1) He .. breakfast with his wife.

2) He his email.
3) He . clients in the afternoon.
4) He sometimes .. reports.
5) He sometimes . overtime.
6) He . home at about 7 o'clock

WRITE

UNIT TWO
C)Rearrange the words to make questions.
1)YOU HAVE BREAKFAST DO WHAT TIME ?
2)HAVE LUNCH WHERE DO YOU?
3)DOES GO SHOPPING HE ON SATURDAYS?
4)DO BY BUS GO TO WORK YOU ?
5)SHE DOES WORK IN A SCHOOL?
6)YOU GO TO THE CINEMA WHO WITH DO?
D)Question Writing Practice
1) What time does he usually get up? He gets up at about 6 o'clock.
2) ____________________________? He has breakfast with his wife.
3) ____________________________? He goes to work by bus.
4) ____________________________? He gets to the office just before nine.
5) ____________________________? He has lunch in the office cafeteria.
6) ____________________________? The food isn't very good, but it's cheap.
7) ____________________________? He meets clients in the afternoon.
8) ____________________________? He finishes work at about six.
E)Interview your partner about his/her day! Make notes below.
When?
Where?
What time?

Whowith?
Why?
How?
Do you?

READING
A)Read the paragraphs. Complete each sentence.
Question of the Day: When do you work?
Sean, Mississippi, USA
When do I work? I work all the time! I work in a big office.
It takes me over an hour to get to work. I start work at
about eight thirty. I work all day, have lunch, and at about
six thirty, I stop. When the work is complete, we all go out
to a restaurant. We eat, we sing, and we relax. I don't get
home until late. It is a very long day.

UNIT TWO
Patricia, Piura, Peru.
I work at home on my laptop computer. Sometimes, the day is
very long. I work all morning and all afternoon. I stop for dinner,
and then I work again. On other days, I start really late. I go for
a walk or work out in the morning. Then I have lunch. I start work
at four in the afternoon. Then I work until midnight or so.
1. Sean works in a(n) ____________________.
2. Patricia works on her ____________________ at home.
3. Sean lives in ____________________.
4.____________________ starts work at different times each day.
5.____________________ starts work at about 8:30.
6.____________________ sometimes works out in the morning.

CONSOLIDATION
Read the following text.
Mr. Noriega's Day
Mr. Noriega lives in Lima. He gets up at 6 o'clock every day. He has
toast and coffee for breakfast. He leaves the house at 7 o'clock.
He goes to work by bus. The journey takes half an hour.
He has lunch at 1 o'clock. He always eats lunch in his office.
It costs about S/ 8.00. He leaves work at 5 o'clock. After dinner, he
watches sports shows on TV with his wife.
Write the questions. Then check with a partner.
E.g.Where does Mr. Noriega live?
He lives in Lima
1.______________________________________________________
He gets up at 6 o'clock.
2.______________________________________________________
He has toast and coffee for breakfast.
3.______________________________________________________
He goes to work by bus.
4.______________________________________________________
The journey takes half an hour.

UNIT TWO
5.______________________________________________________
He has lunch in his office.
6.______________________________________________________
It costs S/ 8.00
7.______________________________________________________
He leaves work at five o'clock.
8.______________________________________________________
He watches sports shows.
9.______________________________________________________
He watches sports shows with his wife.

UNIT THREE

What are you doing?

Speaking:
A

Match the verbs with the correct picture.

1.Listen to music
2.Cook
3.Watch TV.
4.Go shopping
5.Get home

6.Clean the house

7.Sleep
8.Have breakfast
9.Get up
10.Take the us

11.Go to work
12.Take a shower
13.Study
14.Talk on the phone
15.Surf the net

Practice the conversation in pairs.

1.Sarah:
2.Paul:
3.Sarah:
4.Paul:
5.Sarah:

He's doing it again.

What are you talking about?
Michael is looking in the Fuller's window again!
Why is he doing that?
Don't worry! Maybe he's playing with his friends.
He's not playing with his friends.

UNIT THREE
Well, then he's watching TV.
I don't think so.
What are you doing?
I'm calling Mr. Fuller.
Oh no! You're not calling him! That's not our business.

6.Paul:
7.Sarah:
8.Paul:
9.Sarah:
10.Paul:

Grammar
A) Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs in the
correct form. You don't need to use all the verbs:
come

get happen look make start stay try

work

1.You _________________ really hard today.' `Yes, I have a lot to do.'

2.I _________________ for Victor. Do you know where he is?
3.Milagros doesn't have a house at the moment. She ______________
with her friends until she finds a place where to live.
4. 'Are you ready, Angie?'`Yes, I ________________.
5.Do you have an umbrella? It ___________________ to rain.
6.You ___________________ a lot of noise. Could you be quieter?
I __________ to study.
7.Why are these people here? What ______________________?
Use the words in brackets to complete the questions.
1.Is Karla working this week?' `No, she's on holiday.' (Karla/work)
2.Why __________________ at me like that? What's wrong? (you/look)
3. 'Jennifer is a student at university `Is she? 'What ______________?
' (she/study)
4.__________________ to the radio or can I turn it off? (you/listen)
5.How is your English? ______________________ better? (it/get)

UNIT THREE
B

Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need
the negative (I'm not doing etc.).
1.I'm tired. I'm going (go) to bed now. Goodnight!
2.We can go out now, It isn't raining, (rain) any more.
3. 'How is your new job?' `Great!. I ___________ (enjoy)
it very much.'
4.Connie phoned me last night. She's on vacation in Cusco.
She __________(have) a great time and doesn't want to come back.
5.I need to lose weight, so this week I___________ (eat)
only vegetables.
6.Britney has just started evening classes.
She _______________ (learn) Korean.
I think Frank and Angela have had an argument.
They___________ (speak) to

READING
Read the paragraphs. Write the word that best completes
each sentence.
My favorite class is history. I'm learning how Peru became a
country in 1821. I'm writing a paper on Jose de San Martin
for this class. I'm working hard, but it's a lot of fun.
--Sue Ramirez, Federico Villarreal University
I'm taking three classes. I'm enjoying my classes very much,
but English is the best one. I'm learning how to write essays.
I'm also learning the difference between the Simple Present
and Present progressive. It's a great class!
-- Mario Ruz, NationalUniversity
I'm taking some engineering classes and a dance class.
The engineering classes are math and science. I'm
enjoying them, but I'm studying more than six hours
a day. I like all my classes, but my dance class is awesome.
I love it! I'm learning how to dance Cumbia right now!
-- Carla Imn, Oregon University.

UNIT THREE
1.Mario's favorite class is ____________________.
2.In her _____________ class, Carla is dancing Cumbia.
3.Mario is learning how to _________________essays.
4.Sue is a student at ____________________.
5.For engineering, Carla is taking math and ____________________
classes.
6.Carla is ____________________more than six hours a day.

CONSOLIDATION
What do you do? What are you doing?
Grammar Review. What's the difference between
these two sentences?
a.I watch television.
b.I'm watching television.
Complete the sentences, using either the Present Simple,
or the Present Continuous.

1) Susan always
_____________ after meals.

3) Where's Mario?
He______________________

2) John ________________
at the moment.

4) Patricia usually_________
her mother at night.

UNIT THREE
Speaking Practice
Take turns with your partner to ask and answer the
following questions. After you ask the questions,
say 'Now ask me'.What do you do?
1)What are you doing now?
2)What music do you listen to?
3)What are you wearing?
4)What do you do in the evenings?
5)What are you looking at?
6)Are you speaking English right now?
7)Is your (father, mother, sister) working now?
8)What are they doing at the moment?

UNIT FOUR

Can you make a robot?

Speaking:
Child:
Dad:
Child:
Dad:
Child:
Dad:
Child:
Dad:
Child:
Dad:
A

What are you doing, dad?

I'm making a robot.
Wow! Can I see what the robot can do?
Of course, Tommy.
Can the robot jump?
Yes, it can. It can also walk.
Can it speak?
I'm afraid it can't.
Can you make him speak?
I'm on it!

Write 3 things you can do and 3 things

you can't do.
things you can do

things you can't do

Group work
Ask three classmates what they can and can't do?
What can you do? I can ________________
What can't you do? I can't _______________

Grammar
Can is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use can to:
talk about possibility and ability, what we are able or free to do
1.She can drive a car.
2.John can speak Spanish.
3.I cannot hear you. (I can't hear you.)
4.Can you hear me?

UNIT FOUR
make requests, to ask somebody to do something
1.Can you make a cup of coffee, please.
2.Can you put the TV on.
3.Can you come here a minute.
4.Can you be quiet!

ask for or give permission

A.Can I smoke in this room?
B.You can't smoke here, but you can smoke in the garden.
(Note that we also use could, may, might for permission.
The use of can for permission is informal.)

Match the question to the best answer.

a.No, I don't know Korean.
b.You can buy her an MP3 player.
c.I can work on a Mac and a PC.
d.Mariano can.
e.I can play the guitar and the piano.
f.No, I can't cook.
___1.Who can speak Portuguese?
____2.Can you make fish for lunch?
____3.What computers can you use?
____4.Can you translate this into Korean?
____5.What musical instruments can you play?
____6.What can I get Mary for a present?

READING
A)Write the following headlines in the right paragraph
a)Robots in science fiction
b)Uses
c)How robots work
d)Introduction

UNIT FOUR
When most people think of a robot, they imagine a machine that
looks and acts like a human. Most robots, however, look nothing
like people. They can act only in the ways that humans program
them to act. Still, robots are very useful machines. They do
dangerous and repetitive work in factories, in hospitals, in the
military, and in the space program
Robots are controlled by computers, which are controlled by humans.
Humans write computer programs that tell the robot how to do
certain physical tasks.
Robots are useful because they can go places where human beings
cannot. Robots have no need for food or oxygen, so they can be sent
underwater or into space. Robots can also handle dangerous materials
such as radioactive waste or harmful chemicals. They can even dispose
of bombs or do spy work for the military.
Robots can also replace humans who would otherwise have to do dull,
repetitive tasks.
Medical robots help doctors to perform surgery. Robots allow doctors
to see inside the body through tiny incisions. They can also position
surgical instruments inside the body with great accuracy.
Robots can do work for humans on farms and in homes. Robots can
milk cows and mow lawns. There are small robots that act as automatic
vacuum cleaners. Some humans own small robots as toys or electronic pets.
Although robots are becoming more complex, they still do not
resemble the robots that are often presented in books, television
shows, and movies. Many robots appear in science fiction, a type
of story set in the future or in another world. Science-fiction
robots can often think for themselves, listen, talk, and walk
easily on two legs. Science-fiction robots that look exactly like
humans are called androids. Two of the most famous science-fiction
robots are R2-D2 and C-3PO in the Star Wars movies.
Read the article about robots carefully. Then close your books
and tell your partner what you can remember.

UNIT FOUR
CONSOLIDATION
What are you passionate about?
Here's what people in Piura said:
"I study agro industrial engineering because it is very interesting.
In our region there is a lot of wealth, our soil is very productive,
our diversity let us do many things: The agro industry is one of the
most important activities in Piura because It can contribute a lot
with the development of this Region.
Claudia Gemin Montes
'I love music -all kind of music- but classical music is my favorite.
It helps me calm down and relax. I can play the violin and I can
interpret many classical music pieces from Vivaldi, Mozart and
more. I am passionate about all kind of instruments like guitars
but I can't play it
Tatiana Rishing
Sports, politicsand music, I want to say, are three passions
of mine." "My passion is music because it's everywhere and it
cheers me up or calms me down. It's just everything and it's
everywhere."
Paul Garcia
Computers, Internet It's amazing. You can find all you want music, videos, information about my subjects in the university.
Besides I can chat with my friends and I can meet new people.
Carlos Guzman
Answer the questions:
What are you passionate about?

UNIT FOUR
Ask your partner about his/her passionate activities. And tell your
teacher about this report.

What can your partner do?

1.- Look at the list below. Ask your teacher if there is any vocabulary
you don't understand.

Skill

Your Guess

Partner's Answer

Surf the net

Understand English readings
Related your career

Cook typical food

Say the months backwards
in English in less than 10 seconds.

Write about Piura in 10 lines

Dance pole dance
Create a basic homepage
Play any musical instrument
Complete with your own
suggestions

2.- Think about your partner. Do you think he or she can do the
things listed? Guess and write either _ or X in the column.
3.- Ask 'Can you' questions for the topics above. Mark your partner's
answer _ or X in the column. Finally add up the total number of
correct guesses and write it below.

UNIT FIVE

I'm going to Cuzco.

Speaking:
A

Practice the conversation in pairs.

G: Dalia, congratulations. How do you feel?

D: Oh, great! I feel fantastic. I'm so happy.
G: What are you going to do? What are your plans now?
D: I'm going to have a big party for all my friends.
G: What about your family?
D. I'm going to buy a car for my mum.
G: That's great! Are you going to travel anywhere?
D: Yes, of course. I'm going to Cuzco. I need to relax for a week.
G: That's a good idea! Have fun.
D: Thanks.

Grammar
A)Look at the following explanation
`I am going to do something' = I have already decided to do it.
A: There's a great movie on television tonight. Are you going
to watch it?
B: No, I'm tired. I'm going to sleep early.
A: Ruth won some money yesterday. What is she going to
do with it?
B: Well, She decided to buy something for her. So She's going
to buy a new car.
You can also say that 'something is going to happen' in the
future. For example:
The man can't see where he's walking. There is a hole in
front of him. He is going to fall into the hole.
Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain. (the clouds
are there now)
I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick. (I feel terrible now)

UNIT FIVE
B)Write the questions for each situation.
Your friend has won some money. You ask:
(What / do with it?) What are you going to do with it?
Your friend is going to a party tonight. You ask:
What / wear?)
Your friend has just bought a new table. You ask:
(Where / put it?)
Your friend has decided to have a party. You ask:
(Who / invite?)
Read the situations and complete the dialogues. Use going to.
You have decided to write some letters this evening.
FRIEND: Are you going out this evening?
YOU:
No, I'm going to write some letters.
C)What is going to happen in these situations?
Use the words in brackets.
1.There are several black clouds in the sky. (rain)
It's going to rain.
2.It is 7.30. Raul is leaving his house. He has to be at school
at 7.45 but the journey takes 30 minutes. (late)
He ____________________________________________________
3.-There is a big hole in the bottom of the boat. A lot of water
is coming in through the hole. (sink)
The boat _______________________________________________
4.Emma is driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank.
The nearest petrol station is a long way away. (run out)
She ____________________________________________________

READING
A)Next week, Mariano is going to be very busy. Read his diary.

UNIT FIVE
READING
A)Next week, Mariano is going to be very busy. Read his diary.

1 Mon
11am
Meet Pedro
6 pm
Dinner with Tatiana

4 Thu
8 am
Fly to Lima
7 pm
Meeting with Brian

2 Tue
12pm
Lunch in La Carreta
4 pm
Soccer with Peter

3 Wed
9 am
Dentist
8 pm
Go to the movies

5 Fri

6 Sat

Sightseeing in Lima

2:30 pm Fly Piura

7 Sun
11 am
Walk the dog
4pm
lunch with Susan

B)Write the questions and answers.

1.Who is he going to meet on Monday?
2.Where________________________?
In La Carreta.
3. Who__________________________?
He's going to play soccer with Peter.
4.When is he going to visit the dentist?
______________________________
5.Where________________________?
He's going to fly to Lima.
6.What_______________________?
He's going to go sightseeing.
7.What time__________________?
At 2:30.
8.What is he going to do on Sunday?
___________________________
___________________________

UNIT FIVE
CONSOLIDATION
READING
What are you going to do for the vacation?
A)Read the conversation and practice them. Then use real information.

A: What are you going to do for the vacation?

B: I'm going to travel to Cajamarca.
A: That sounds like fun.
1.Write five plans that you have for your vacation and practice
the conversation above.
(1) I'm going to learn how to swim.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2.Write your diary for the next week and talk about your plans.

UNIT SIX

Will you drink soda with me?

Speaking:
A:Hi, Fresia. What are you doing?
B:Hello, Luis. I'm studying for my English exam.
A:I see. Will you drink soda with me?
B:I don't know. My exam is tomorrow and I need to study.
A:I know but you need a break. Will you go for cebiche with me?
B:Cebiche? You said soda.
A: Yes, cebiche and soda then. Will you?
B:Ok, ok. Let's go.

Grammar
We use I'll (= I will) when we decide to do something at the
time of speaking:
Oh, I've left the door open. I'll go and shut it.
'What would you like to drink?' `I'll have an orange juice, please.'
`Did you phone Ruth?' `Oh no, I forgot. I'll phone her now.'
We often use I thinkand I don't think I'll...:
I feel a bit hungry. I think I'll have something to eat.
I don't think I'll go out tonight. I'm too tired.
In spoken English the negative of will is usually won't (= will not):
I can see you're busy, so I won't stay long.
Complete the sentences with I'll + one these following verbs:
(Stay, turn, send, go, have, do, teach)
1.I'm too tired to walk home. I think I'II get a taxi.
2.`It's a bit cold in this room. Is it? ____________________________
on the heating then.
3.`We haven't got any milk.' `Oh, haven't we? ____________________
and get some.
4.`Do you want me to do the washing-up?'`No, it's all right.
_____________________________________ it.
5.'I don't know how to use this computer.''OK,
________________________ you.
6.`Would you like tea or coffee?' ___________________________
coffee, please.
7.`Goodbye! Have a nice holiday.' `Thanks. __________________________
postcard.
8.`Are you coming with us?' `No, I think ___________________ here.'

UNIT SIX

READING

Robots
When will we have robots?
We already have many kinds
of robots!
Industries use a variety of
robots and now robots are
becoming more
common in the home.
The Husqvarna company now makes the Auto Mower, a lawn mowing
robot. The robot has sensors which detect where objects are in the yard
and it operates around them. The robot can cut the grass while you relax
on the patio with a glass of lemonade! Also, Eureka has a prototype of a
robot vacuum cleaner. Like the robot lawn mover, the vacuum cleaner
automatically detects where the furniture is and vacuums around it.
Cars are becoming robots now that many cars have GPS (Global
Positioning Systems) on them. A car with a GPS system can give you
directions on how to go somewhere, tell you where the closest gas station
is, and, some day in the future, will drive itself. You will take a nap or
read while the car drives itself to your destination.
We even have robotic pets now. The Sony company makes a robotic dog
named Aibo that can sit, stand, and walk like a regular dog but can also
communicate and take pictures! Aibo understands certain commands
(like a dog does) such as "Sit down", "Stand up", "Turn right", etc. If you
ask Aibo a question such as "How old are you?", its eyes will flash the
number of years old it is. Aibo is also a great guard dog. He can patrol
the yard and take pictures of anything suspicious.

UNIT SIX
a)Write True (T) or False (F)
1.We have many kinds of robots now.
2.The Auto Mower is a robot that vacuums.
3.The Auto Mower has sensors that detect where objects are.
4.Cars with GPS systems can give you directions.
5.In the future cars will drive themselves automatically.
6.Albo is a robotic cat.

b)How do you think the future will be? What new inventions
will we have? How will the houses, cars, jobs be like?
Example:
-Cars will fly.

CONSOLIDATION
I'll Probably Play Golf
Reading.Look at the table below, and fill in the blanks on the
negative side.

Positive
Maybe I'll

Negative
Maybe

I think

I think

go camping.
I'll
play soccer.
I'll definitely see a movie.
I'll probably get a nap.

I
I

Change these sentences to the correct word order:

1)definitely Olympics she year win the next will
____________________________________
2)rain don't very it'll today think I
_______________________________________
3)have dinner tonight probably for I'll pizza
______________________________________
4)won't party definitely I this forget amazing
____________________________________
5)weekend maybe at home just this stay I'll
____________________________________

go camping.
play soccer.
see a movie.
get a nap.

UNIT SIX
Answer the following questions using 'will'. Then swap sheets with a
partner. Test him / her!
1)What are you having for lunch today?
______________________________________
2)Are you going to get married next year?
_____________________________________
3)Is it going to rain this coming summer?
_______________________________________
4)What are you going to do on Sunday?
___________________________________
5)Are you going to speak English tonight?
___________________________________
Think about your next vacation! Write some notes below.
Use the questions words to help you.
Where?

Why?

When?

Whowith?

What else?

UNIT SIX

READING

Planning a party
Read the conversation and answer the questions.
Mara:

...What horrible weather today.

I'd love to go out, but I think
it will just continue raining.
Carmen: Oh, I don't know. Perhaps the sun
will come out later this
afternoon.
Mara: I hope you're right. Listen, I'm
going to have a party this
Saturday. Would you like to come?
Carmen: Oh, I'd love to come. Thank you
for inviting me. Who's going
to come to the party?
Mara: Well, a number of people haven't told me yet. But, Pedro and
Manuel are going to help out with the cooking!
Carmen: Hey, I'll help, too!
Mara: Would you? That would be great!
Carmen: I'll make cebiche!
Mara: That sounds delicious! I know my Italian cousins are going to
be there. I'm sure they'll love it.
Carmen: Italians? Maybe I'll make lasagna...
Mara: No, no. They're not like that. They'll love it.
Carmen: Well, if you say so... Is there going be a theme for the party?
Mara: No, I don't think so. Just a chance to get together and have fun.
Carmen: I'm sure it'll be lots of fun.
Mara: But I'm going to hire a clown!
Carmen: A clown! You're kidding me.
Mara: No, no. As I child, I always wanted a clown. Now, I'm going
to have my clown at my own party.
Carmen: I'm sure everyone will have a good laugh.
Mara: That's the plan!

UNIT SIX
1.What does Mara have to share?
a)News that she's going to get married.
b)News that she's going to have a party.
c)News that she's going to have a baby
2.What do they think about the weather?
a)It's beautiful.
b)It's terrible.
c)It's snowing.
3.What are Pedro and Manuel going to do?
a)They're going to cook lasagna.
b)They're going to help with the cooking.
c)They're going to come dressed as clowns
4.What does Carmen offer to do?
a)She says she'll help cook.
b)She says she'll come dressed as a clown.
c)She says she'll speak Italian with her cousins
5.How does Carmen react to the news about the Italian cousins?
a)She's happy they'll taste her cebiche.
b)She's afraid they won't understand English.
c)She's says she'll make lasagna instead of cebiche.
6.What special plan is there?
a)Martha's going to have a clown.
b)Martha's going to make an announcement.
c)Martha's going to have a themed party.

UNIT SIX
7.Why does Mara want a clown?
a)She wanted a clown as a child, so now she's going to have one.
b)She hates clowns.
c)Because the clown goes well with the theme of the party
8.Does Mara know exactly how many people are going to come?
a)Yes, she does.
b)No, she doesn't.
9.How does Carmen think people will react to the clown?
a)She thinks they'll hate it.
b)She thinks they'll love it.
c)She thinks they'll have a good laugh.
10.Is there a theme for the party?
a)Yes, there is.
b)No, there isn't.
11.What does Mara have to share?
a)News that she's going to get married.
b)News that she's going to have a party.
c)News that she's going to have a baby

UNIT SIX

READING

CEBICHE
1.Read and put the paragraphs
in order.
A variety of vegetables and spices
are added as well. Common ingredients
in addition to the fish and lemon include
cilantro, celery, hot peppers, onions, corn
and sweet potatoes. ( )
Cebiche is essentially a combination of fresh fish and seafood, and
lemon juice. The acid in the lemons "cooks" the fish. ( )
Cebiche is a delicious seafood dish. First created in the South American
country of Peru, ceviche was a culinary secret that has only recently
garnered international attention.( )
Some people are squeamish about eating the raw fish, but they risk
missing out on one of the tastiest dishes from South America.( )
2.Find a word or phrase for the definitions.
Became famous :
Be a little bit scrupulous:
Being in a natural condition, not cooked:
A)You are planning a party discuss with your friend and decide
what food are you going to cook. Write the shopping list for food
you need.

UNIT SIX

READING

What are you going to do when you finish your studies?

.................................................................

Dialogue
Hi How are you ,I know you are going to finish
your studies next term ,I have to congratulate you ,
I guess it was hard way to walk but now you are
finishing ,you have fulfilled your goal.
DANA Yes , thank a lot I am just completing all my credits,
I suppose I am going to do that at the end of this year,
I hope so, some of the subject in the university are so
hard ,and well you know I have to study and work ,
I must be well organized with my time, today for example
I am working till 7 pm after that I am going have Partial
exam ,but at the end I like it ,sometimes it gets me excited .
PAUL That is the reason most of your friends admired you, you are
perseverant, and proactive What do you think to do when you
get your degree?
DANA After I get my degree ,with the money I have saved I am
going to set up a business, I have planned that for a long
time , I will have to know more about accounting, marketing,
and financial areas then I wish to go on studying and get post
studies to have and holistic idea of my project.
PAUL I have read something about Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP)
it seem to be very interesting they said that a student of Neuro
Linguistic Programming will master the art of purposeful
communication, and become an expert of persuasion. Beside
he/she can have more success and satisfaction in life, careers
or business. It sounds interesting.
PAUL

UNIT SIX
DANA Thank for the advice ,I heard that the mind think in pictures ,
all you visualize in your mind will become into reality then
we have to be optimist and think and imagine and envision
our project ,personal goals and dreams. Now I know I have to
work harder and thinking in the future with optimist .bye
PAUL bye
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1.When is Dana going to finish her studies?
2.What is she going to do tonight?
3.What will Dana do when she gets her degree?
4.Does she study and work?
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1.She is ___________ to have an exam on Monday.
2.What are you _________ to do tonight?
3.What _____ you do when you finish your profession?
4.Is she ________ meet her friends.
5.She is _________ a present for her mother.
WORK IN PAIRS AND PRACTICE A DIALOGUE USING THE
FUTURE TENSES ABOUT YOUR FUTURE WHEN YOU FINISH
THE UNIVERSITY.

UNIT SEVEN

She was born in Catacaos.

Speaking

Practice the conversation in pairs.

Peter:
Mary:
Peter:
Mary:

Who is she?
She's my grandma.
Really? She looks so different!
That's true! That picture was taken 40 years ago.
She was 20 years old then.
Peter:Where was she born?
Mary:She was born in Catacaos
Peter:
Wow! She was tall and thin. She was very attractive.
Mary:
But now she's not thin anymore. She's a little heavy.
Peter:
But she's still very attractive.
Mary:
You're right! She was very smart, too!
Peter:
Like her grandchild.
Mary:
That's very sweet!

Grammar
Study this example:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician
and composer. He lived from 1756 to 1791. At the age
of 3, Wolfgang showed signs of remarkable musical talent.
He learned to play the harpsichord, a keyboard instrument
that preceded the piano, at the age of 4. He was composing
music at 5, and when he was 6, he played for the Austrian
empress at her court in Vienna. Mozart died before his
36th birthday, but he still wrote more than 600 works.
Lived/started/showed/learned/played/wrote/was/died are all past simple.
Very often the past simple ends in -ed (regular verbs):
I work in a restaurant now. Before that I worked in a small store.
We invited him to our anniversary but he decided not to come.
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
She passed her test because she studied very hard.

UNIT SEVEN
But many verbs are irregular. The past simple does not end in -ed.
For example:
write

wrote

see

saw

go

went

get

got

Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.

We saw a great movie a few days ago.
I went to the Mancora beach three times last month.
It was cold, so I got the flu.

In questions and negatives we use did/didn't + infinitive

(enjoy/sec/go etc.):

You
enjoyed
She
saw
they
went

You
Did

enjoy?
she
see?
they go?

You
enjoy
She didn't
see
They
go go

A: Did you go out last night?

B: Yes, I went to the cinema but I didn't enjoy the film very much.
'When did Mr Ruz die?' `About five years ago.'
We didn't send her an invitation for the party, so she didn't come.
'Did you have time to buy some groceries?' `No, I didn't.'
The past of be (am/is/are) is was/were:
he/she/it
we/you/they

was/wasn't
were/weren't

Was
I/he/she/it?
Were
we/you/they?

UNIT SEVEN
Note that we do not use did in Negatives and. questions with was/were:
She was angry because I was really late.
Was the weather good when you were in Lima?
They weren't in class yesterday because they were sick.
Did you go out last night or were you too tired?
A)Read what Olga says about a typical working day:
I always get up at 6 o'clock and have a small breakfast. I walk to
work, which takes me about half an hour. I start work at 8.00.
I usually have lunch in the cafeteria. I finish work at 4 o'clock.
I'm always tired when I get home. I usually cook pizza in the evening.
I don't usually go out. I stay home and watch some TV. I go to bed
at about midnight. I always sleep well.
Yesterday was a typical working day for Sharon. Write what she
did or didn't do yesterday.
1.She got up at 6 o'clock.
2.She ______________ a small breakfast.
3.She ______________
4.It ________________________ to get to work.
5. _______________ at 8.00.
6. ____________________ lunch in the cafeteria.
7._________________ at 4 o'clock.
8.________________ tired when_____________ home.
9._________________ pizza yesterday evening.
10.________________ out yesterday evening.
11.___________________ at 12 o'clock at night.
12._____________ well last night.

UNIT SEVEN
B)Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form,
positive or negative.
1.It was warm, so
I took off my jacket. (take)
2.The film wasn't very good.
I didn't enjoy it very much. (not/enjoy)
3.I knew Mariano was very busy, so
I __________________ him. (not/bother)
4.William was very tired, so
he ________________ early. (sleep)
5.The bed was very uncomfortable, so
I __________________on the sofa. (sleep)
6.Priscilla wasn't hungry, so
she ________________ anything. (not/eat)
7.We went to Pedro's house but
he ____________ at home. (not/be)
8.It was a funny situation, so
everybody_____________ (laugh)
9.The food wasn't very expensive.
It _____________ very much. (not/cost)
10.I was really busy, so
I _____________ time to call you. (not/have)

UNIT SEVEN

READING

William Shakespeare
A)Read the text, and fill in the spaces using words from
the box in the past tense.
Retire
marry
write
go
have
die

name

William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in the

English town of Stratford-upon-Avon.

In 1582, when Shakespeare was 18, he ________

Anne Hathaway, who was 26. Their daughter
Susanna was born a year later. In 1585
they _________ twins, a son named Hamnet
and a daughter _________ Judith. Hamnet died
at age 11.

Shakespeare ________ 37 plays in 20 years.

His plays generally fall into three categories:
tragedies, comedies, and histories.
His most famous tragedies include Hamlet,
King Lear, and Macbeth.

Shakespeare _________ from the theater in about

1610 and ________ back to his hometown of
Stratford-upon-Avon. He ________ there on
April 23, 1616. He is buried in Holy Trinity
Church in Stratford.

UNIT SEVEN
B)Write the questions. Then check with a partner.
1 When___________________________________________________?
He was born in 1564.
2 Where___________________________________________________?
He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon.
3 When____________________________________________________?
He got married in 1582.
4 How_____________________________________________________?
He had 3 children.
5 When_____________________________________________________?
In 1585, they had twins
6 How______________________________________________________?
He wrote 37 plays.
7 When_____________________________________________________?
He died in 1616.
8 Where____________________________________________________?
He died in Stratford-upon-Avon.
C)Text Recall
Are these sentences true or false? Correct the false ones.
1)Shakespeare was born in London.
2)He wrote 35 plays.
3)He got married at 18 years old.
4)He got married to Juliet Hathaway.
5)He had two children.
6)He retired from the theater in 17th century.
7)He died in 1825.
D) Role Play His / Her Name: Your ancestor was a famous writer!
Imagine his/her life story. Born (Year & Place):
School:
Married:
Children:
Writings (number, titles, genre): Died:
Still Popular (Y/N):
E)Speaking Interview your partner about his/her famous ancestor.

UNIT SEVEN
CONSOLIDATION

How Was Your Weekend?

1.A: How was your weekend?

B: It was relaxing.
A: What did you do?
B: I stayed home and watched a movie
2.A: How was your breakfast?
B: It was delicious.
A: What did you eat?
B: I ate a fruit salad.
3.A: How was vacation?
B: It was amazing.
A: Where did you go?
B: I went to Machu Picchu.

Practice this conversation with a partner:

Activity
-Your (breakfast/lunch/dinner)
-Your class yesterday.
-Your vacation last year.
-Your test.
-Your morning
-Your afternoon
-Etc.

You

Your
classmate

UNIT SEVEN
When Was the First Time You . . . ?
With a Partner:
Ask when the first time your partner did the following. And then
ask a follow up question of your choice.
When was the first time you _________________________________?
The first time I _______________ was when I was __________________.

Activity
-Danced

When
In High school

Extra Information

with my girlfriend Sue

-drove a car
-had a drink
-kissed someone
-read a book
-rode a bike
-saw a movie
-took a train/airplane
-took a trip with your family
-went on a date
-went to the beach
-won a prize
Possible answers: two days ago, last Sunday, when I was in
elementary school, never, etc.

UNIT SEVEN
READING
A)Read the text and write all the verbs you find in
the past simple tense.
Which of them are regular?

Which are irregular?

Tommy's day.
Last week I went to Colan beach and stayed there for two days.
I went with my best friend: My dog Donovan. I arrived in Colan
at about 8 at night. We were really tired so we went to bed.
The next morning when I woke up, I found my dog, Donovan,
waiting for me. He wanted to go out. But I was kind of hungry,
so first I had breakfast. I had a cup of coffee, a piece of bread
with peanut butter and some fruit. Then I brushed my teeth
and put on a t-shirt, shorts and running shoes.
Donovan was already impatient. We both went out, and
walked along the beach. He also ran and jumped, and chased
some crabs. I sat on a rock and read a novel. When my eyes
got tired, I decided it was time to go jogging. Donovan was
always by my side. After a while I got tired and decided to
go home. When we arrived at the house, I realized it was
almost noon. So I cooked a delicious steak for me and I gave
Donovan his dog food. He was so happy!

UNIT SEVEN
A)Answer the questions:
a.Who went to Colan beach?
b.What did Tommy do in the beach?
c.What did Donovan do in the beach?
d.What did Tommy have for breakfast?
e.What was Tommy wearing?
f.When did Tommy decide it was time to go home?

The Pronunciation of Regular Verbs in the Past Exercise

1.- Place the verbs in the box into the correct columns below.
There are ten answers for each column
allowed
asked
cracked
cried
damaged
decided
encouraged
ended

1-/d/

flooded
quessed
included
jailed
killed
landed
loved
missed

mixed
pasted
relaxed
repeated
shaved
slipped
stopped
tasted

2-/t/

visited
wasted
washed
watched
welcomed
yawned

3 - / id /

1 ________________

1 ________________

1 ________________

2 ________________

2 ________________

2 ________________

3 ________________

3 ________________

3 ________________

4 ________________

4 ________________

4 ________________

5 ________________

5 ________________

5 ________________

6 ________________

6 ________________

6 ________________

7 ________________

7 ________________

7 ________________

8 ________________

8 ________________

8 ________________

9 ________________

9 ________________

9 ________________

10________________

10________________

10________________

UNIT SEVEN
2.- Complete the rules for the pronunciation of regular
verbs in the past
a) When the regular verb ends in a vowel sound or voiced consonant
sound (B, G, L, M, N, V, Y and Z), the -ed ending is pronounced
/_____ /.

b) When the regular verb ends in an unvoiced consonant sound

(K, F, P, -SH, -TCH or X), the -ed ending is pronounced /_____ /.
c) The -ed ending is pronounced /id/ when the verb ends in the
consonant sounds _____ and _____

UNIT EIGH

Have You Travelled By Boat?

SPEAKING

A)Practice the conversation in pairs.

A:Have you been to the jungle in Per?
B:Yes, I have. I've travelled by boat in the Amazon River.
A:That's amazing. Have you eaten crocodile or worms there?
B:Yes, I have. I've eaten worms. They were ok.What about you?
A:I haven't been to the jungle or travelled by boat, but I've
always wanted to.
B) Grammar
We use the Present Perfect for
1.put emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.
2.action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.
3.action that stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner.
4.finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have lost my key.
5.action that has taken place once, never or several times before
the moment of speaking
Example: I have never been to Austria
6. describe your experience. Examples: I have been to France.
I have never been to France..
- He has never traveled by train.
C)Use the words given to make sentences. Use the present perfect.
Dear Chris,
Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.
1.I / buy / a new car
2.my father / start / a new job
3.I / give up / smoking
4.Charles and Sarah / go / to Brazil.
5.Suzanne / have / a baby

UNIT EIGH
D)Read the situations and write sentences . Choose one of the verbs.
ARRIVE BREAK GO UP GROW IMPROVE LOSE
1.Mike is looking for his key. He cant find it. He
2.Margaret cant walk and her leg is in plaster. She
3.Maria's English wasnt very good. Now it is much better.
4.Tim didnt have a beard last month. Now she has a beard.
5.This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it.
6.Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90.

Reading
READ THE PARAGRAPHS AND MATCH WITH THE PLACES.
1.Mancora-Piura.
2.The Amazon Jungle-Loreto.
3.Macchupicchu - Cuzco
I have climbed a mountain, I have walked for hours carrying
my heavy backpack and breathing was difficult. But when
I reached the top of the mountain I was surprised of the beauty
of the scenery. It was the most amazing journey I've ever done.
I've done surfing.I`ve done horse riding. I've eaten a tasty seafood
dish called Cebiche. I swam and walked along the beach in the
afternoons. I felt very relaxed.
I've travelled along the river and seen different species of birds.
I`ve seen a pink dolphin. It was so hot that once I've taken five
showers in a day. The experience was unforgettable.

WRITE ABOUT A EXPERIENCE YOU HAVE HAD IN YOUR LIFE.

UNIT EIGH
D)Read the situations and write sentences . Choose one of the verbs.
ARRIVE BREAK GO UP GROW IMPROVE LOSE
1.Mike is looking for his key. He cant find it. He
2.Margaret cant walk and her leg is in plaster. She
3.Maria's English wasnt very good. Now it is much better.
4.Tim didnt have a beard last month. Now she has a beard.
5.This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it.
6.Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90.

Reading
READ THE PARAGRAPHS AND MATCH WITH THE PLACES.
1.Mancora-Piura.
2.The Amazon Jungle-Loreto.
3.Macchupicchu - Cuzco
I have climbed a mountain, I have walked for hours carrying
my heavy backpack and breathing was difficult. But when
I reached the top of the mountain I was surprised of the beauty
of the scenery. It was the most amazing journey I've ever done.
I've done surfing.I`ve done horse riding. I've eaten a tasty seafood
dish called Cebiche. I swam and walked along the beach in the
afternoons. I felt very relaxed.
I've travelled along the river and seen different species of birds.
I`ve seen a pink dolphin. It was so hot that once I've taken five
showers in a day. The experience was unforgettable.

WRITE ABOUT A EXPERIENCE YOU HAVE HAD IN YOUR LIFE.

UNIT EIGH
CONSOLIDATION
Class Interview
Interview your classmates.
1. Have you ever won a prize?
What? Why?
Name: _____________________________________________
2. Have you ever been in the hospital?
Why?
Name: _____________________________________________
3. Have you ever had a broken heart?
When? Why?
Name: _____________________________________________
4. Have you ever felt very, very, very, very worried or scared?
About what?
Name: ___________________________________________________
5. Have you ever almost gotten married?
What happened?
Name: ___________________________________________________
6. Have you ever studied for 24 hours?
For what? How did you feel?
Name: ___________________________________________________
7. Do you or someone in your family have a special talent?
What?
Name: ______________________________________________________
8. Have you ever played a joke on someone?
Describe what happened.
Name: _____________
GOOD PERUVIAN PROFESIONAL PROFILE
Answer the questions.
Have you ever had a part time job?
Have you ever had a good work experience?
Read and listen to this dialogue:

UNIT EIGH
JOB INTERVIEW
Applicant:
Personal Manager:
Applicant:
Personal Manager:
Applicant:
Personal Manager:
Applicant:
Personal Manager
Applicant
Personal Manager:
Applicants:
Personal Manager:
Applicant:
Personal Manager:
Applicant

Personal Manager:
Applicants:
Personal Manager:
Applicant:
Personal Manager:
Applicant:
Personal Manager
Applicant:
Personal Manager:
Applicant:
Personal Manager:
Applicant:
Personal Manager:

Good morning Mr. Ruben Stewart.

I'm here to apply for the job of engineer.
Welcome Mr. Stewart. Please sit down. Can You
describe the qualities you have that suit this position?
I'm proactive; I can speak English and I can use the internet.
I also have team work skills.
Have you worked under pressure?
Yes, I have. I have no problems with that.
Where did you study?
I studied at National University of Piura
Where else have you studied?
Well, I have taken courses on electricity and mechanic
at SENATI.
Where did you work?
I worked in Agua Para Todos a Spanish company.
How lond did you work there?
I worked there for five years.Now, I want a new challenge.
What did you do there?
I was a supervisor. But I think I have different abilities. In
my life I have had different jobs, like receptionist, seller,
computer assistant.
Can you use computer programs? For example AutoCAD; GIS,
Yes, I can. I am really good at using these programs.
Here in your CV resume, you say you know something about
mapping and logging.
It is correct. I know about Soil Mechanics, too. I also took a
Diamond Drilling training.
UhmmThat is good! Really good! And how long have you
had your driving license.
I don't a have a driving license.
well, it is very important you get it.
Oh! That's no problem! I'm going to get it as soon as possible.
Are you available for a full time job?
Yes, I am.
One more question. Could you tell me why you want to work in
our company?
Because I want to put into practice what I have learned and
I want to keep learning.
It seems to me you're the professional we're looking for.
Thank you, Mrs. Stewart, we'll call you soon.

UNIT EIGH
According with your experience and your knowledge .
What do a Peruvian professional has to be to become
competitive nowadays? Work in groups.
1..
2..
3..
4..
5..
6.
7..
*Read the text and compare your answers.
Bettering society by stimulating effective management and
responsible leadership.
Peter Ferdinand Drucker (November 19, 1909 November 11, 2005)
was a writer, management consultant, and self-described social
ecologist. His books and scholarly and popular articles explored how
humans are organized across the business, government and the
nonprofit sectors of society. He is one of the best-known and most
widely influential thinkers and writers on the subject of management
theory and practice. His writings have predicted many of the major
developments of the late twentieth century, including privatization
and decentralization; the rise of Japan to economic world power;
the decisive importance of marketing; and the emergence of the
information society with its necessity of lifelong learning. In 1959,
Drucker coined the term knowledge worker" and later in his life
considered knowledge work productivity to be the next frontier of
managementwww.peterdrucker.com
Peter Drucker

UNIT EIGH
Peter Drucker in his book leader to leader mentioned that the
minimum requirements to be a competitive professional in this c
entury are:
1.You should be proactive
2.You have to have emotional intelligence
a.You need to have team work skills
b.You must be able to work under pressure
3.You need to use the internet
4.You have to speak English
5.You must have a technical or professional degree
6.You need to have leadership skills
You should have social projection

Projection activity
Look for and English job advertisement in any Sunday Comercio
newspaper and answer these questions:
1.What are the common requirements that big companies
need for their employees?

.
2.In simple words extract a successful professional profile
from these ads.
....
.
.
.
.

UNIT EIGH
Glossary
Emotional intelligence (EI) is an ability, skill or, in the case of the
trait EI model, a self-perceived ability to identify, assess, and control
the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups
Proactivity is being anticipatory and taking charge of situations.
Team work abilities How do you work in a team
Leadership Alan Keith of Genentech states that, "Leadership is
ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making
something extraordinary happen."

PRACTICE
1.I AM AN ENGLISH STUDENT
1.Choose the correct answer.
My ____ is Ruiz.
a) Male

b) Surname c) E-mail address d) Family

Paul is a(n) ____ in school.

a) Student

b) Address c) Semester

d) Last name

What is Giro17@yahoo.es?
a) First name

b) Last name c) E-mail address

d) Course

Julia Roberts is an ____.

a) Actress

b) Actor

c) Activity

d) ID card

He is a teacher. ____ name is Dr. Phelps.

a) His

b) Its

c) Her

d) Your

2.Choose the response that best answers the question.

Are you in this class?
a) No, It Isnt

b) Yes, he is

c) No, Im not d) Yes, It is

Is Tom Cruise an actor?

a) Yes, He is b) Yes, you are c) No, It Isnt d)No, she isnt
Is your name Piero?
a) Yes, He is
b) Yes, I am

c) No, shes not Its Pietra

d)No, Its not. My name is Piero

What's your name?

a) My name is Orlando
b) Its nice to meet you, too

c) Its my nickname. Im a singer

d) Yes, I am. Im a soccer player

Hi, my name is Sean. It's nice to meet you.

a) My teacher is Mr. Santiago c) My favorite actor is Jackie Chan
b) Its nice to meet you, too
d) He is a student

PRACTICE
3.Complete each sentence with a pronoun in the parentheses.
Is my girlfriend. (She/Her) ____________________ is an English student.
His name is Mr. Fuller. (He/Him) ____________________ is my teacher.
I am a student. (Her/My) ____________________ name is Charles Ospina.
My school is in St. Louis. (It/Its) ____________________ name is Washington University.
4.Write a contraction for the boldfaced words.
I am Thomas. ___________________
You are a singer. ________________
She is my girlfriend. ________________
It is my English class. ________________

2.I ALWAYS CHECK MY E-MAILS

1. Complete each sentence with a verb in the parentheses.
He (have/has) ____________________ two sisters.
I (speak/speaks) ____________________ Spanish and English.
I (do/does) ____________________ homework after school.
We (don't/doesn't) ____________________ have any cereal.
Janata (don't/doesn't) ____________________ like fish for breakfast.
Janata (like/likes) ____________________ fish for lunch or dinner.
Janata (go/goes) ____________________ to the store to buy fish.
2. Complete each sentence with do, does, don't, or doesn't.
____________________ you like pizza for breakfast?
Yes, I ________. I like pizza for breakfast very much.
____________________ Victor like pizza for breakfast?
No, Victor ____________________ like pizza in the morning. It's too heavy.
____________________ you cook dinner very often?
No, I _________. I know how to cook.

PRACTICE
3.Match.
a. She lives in San Diego.

b. I have eggs and bacon

c. He works on the weekends.

d. I have soup and a sandwich.

e. I work out at the gym.

f. My husband is Carlos

What do you have for lunch?

________

Where do you work out?

________

Who is your husband?

________

Where does Nan live?

________

When does Ed work?

________

What do you eat for breakfast?

________

4.Use Paul's schedule to answer the questions.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday
8:00 a.m.:
gym work
out

8:00 a.m.:
gym work
out

Thursday

Friday

Saturday Sunday

11:00 a.m.:
8:00 a.m.: Noon:
Little
Jill's
tennis with
gym work
birthday
Linda
out
party

9:15 a.m.:
meeting:
Mr. Fuller

1:00 p.m.:
lunch with
Fiona

7:30 p.m.:
reading
8:00 p.m.: group
date with
Mary

7:00 p.m.:
Mom and
dad dinner

When does Paul have dinner with his parents?

a) on Tuesday, in the morning

b) on Tuesday, in the evening

c) on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday d) on Tuesday, in the afternoon

PRACTICE
At what time does Paul meet Mr. Fuller?
a) at 9 o'clock in the morning on Wednesday b) at 9:15 in the morning on Wednesday
c) at 9:15 in the evening on Wednesday

d) at 9:15 in the morning on Tuesday

When does Paul see Mary?

a) at eight on Saturday night

b) on Mondays and Wednesdays

c) on Saturday morning at eight

d) on Sunday at eleven

On what day does Paul need a present?

a) for his work out on Monday

b) for his meeting with Mr. Tanaka on Tuesday

c) for the birthday party on Saturday d) for the birthday party on Sunday
When does Paul exercise?
a) in the afternoon on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays
b) in the morning on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Friday
c) in the evening on Mondays, Wednesdays, and fridays
d) fon Monday morning

3.WHAT ARE YOU DOING?

1.Are the underlined verbs right or Wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong.
Water boils at 100 degrees celsius.
RIGHT
The water boils. Can you turn it off?
WRONG: is boiling
Look! That boy tries to open the door of your house. ____________________
Can you hear those women? What do they talk about? ____________________
The earth goes round the sun. _________________________________________
I must go now. It gets late.
_________________________________________
I usually go to work on foot.
_________________________________________
'Hurry up! It's time to leave.' `OK, I come.' _____________________________
I hear you've got a new job. How do you get on? ___________________________

PRACTICE
At what time does Paul meet Mr. Fuller?
a) at 9 o'clock in the morning on Wednesday b) at 9:15 in the morning on Wednesday
c) at 9:15 in the evening on Wednesday

d) at 9:15 in the morning on Tuesday

When does Paul see Mary?

a) at eight on Saturday night

b) on Mondays and Wednesdays

c) on Saturday morning at eight

d) on Sunday at eleven

On what day does Paul need a present?

a) for his work out on Monday

b) for his meeting with Mr. Tanaka on Tuesday

c) for the birthday party on Saturday d) for the birthday party on Sunday
When does Paul exercise?
a) in the afternoon on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays
b) in the morning on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Friday
c) in the evening on Mondays, Wednesdays, and fridays
d) fon Monday morning

3.WHAT ARE YOU DOING?

1.Are the underlined verbs right or Wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong.
Water boils at 100 degrees celsius.
RIGHT
The water boils. Can you turn it off?
WRONG: is boiling
Look! That boy tries to open the door of your house. ____________________
Can you hear those women? What do they talk about? ____________________
The earth goes round the sun. _________________________________________
I must go now. It gets late.
_________________________________________
I usually go to work on foot.
_________________________________________
'Hurry up! It's time to leave.' `OK, I come.' _____________________________
I hear you've got a new job. How do you get on? ___________________________

PRACTICE
2. Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
Let's go out. It isn't raining (not/rain) now.
Julia is very good at languages. She speaks (speak) four languages very well.
Hurry up! We ______________ (wait) for you.
________________________(you/listen) to the radio?' `No, you can turn it off.'
_______________________(you/watch) TV every day?' `No, just occasionally,'
Piura river ______________(flow) into the Pacific.
Look at the river. _________________ (flow) very fast today much faster
than usual.
We usually __________ (grow) potatoes in our garden but this year we
___________________ (not/grow) any.
'How is your English?' `Not bad. It _________________ (improve) slowly.'
Rodo is in London at the moment. He ______________ (stay) at the Park Hotel.
He_____________________ (always/stay) there when he's in London.
Can we stop walking soon? I _____________________ (start) to feel tired.
Can you drive? I _________________ (learn). My father _____________ (teach)
I usually _____________ (finish) work at 5.00, but this week I ______________
(work) until 6.00 to earn a more money.
My parents ______________ (live) in Trujillo. They were born there and have
never lived anywhere else. Where ___________________ (your parents/live)?
Sonia _______________ (look) for a place to live. She _______________ (stay)
with her sister until she finds somewhere.
`What ________________ (your father/do)?"He's a doctor but he ______________
(not/work) at the moment.'

4.CAN YOU MAKE A ROBOT?

1.Complete with can or can't.
a)Babies . walk at 2 weeks.
b)Children .. smile.
c)Tom Cruise . speak English.
d)Babies .. drive cars.
e)Cats .. play the guitar.
f)Dogs .. run.

PRACTICE
2. Write questions using can.

Can you swim?

3.Can you do the things in the pictures? Write sentences about
yourself. Use can or can't.

5.I`M GOING TO CUZCO

1.Read the situations and complete the sentences. Use GOING TO.
You have decided to study for your English exam this evening.
FRIEND: Are you going to the disco tonight?
YOU: No, I .
You are hungry but don't want to cook.
FRIEND: Are you cooking for dinner?
YOU: No, I ..
You want to see a comedy at the cinema.
FRIEND: Are you going to see the new horror film at the cinema?
YOU: No, I ..
Your friends are playing football this afternoon. You are not feeling very well.
FRIEND: Are you playing football this afternoon?
YOU: No, ..

PRACTICE
6.WILL YOU DRINK A SODA WITH ME?
1.Complete the sentences with will + one of the verbs
BE BE- COME GET LIKE LOOK MEET PASS

1.Don't worry about your exam. I'm sure you

2.You must meet Juan sometime. I think you .. him.
3.He invited me to his party. He . Offended if I don't go.
4.Why don't you buy this jacket? It .. nice on you.
5.Good bye. I expect we again soon.
6.I invited Susana to my party but I don't think she ..
7.I wonder where I in 20 years time.
8.Its raining. Don't go out. You wet.

7. I WAS BORN IN CATACAOS.

1.Write the correct form of the verb to be in the past tense for each
sentence. Use wasn't or weren't for sentences that have the word not
in parentheses.
Where ____________________ you last year?
I (not) ____________________ home yesterday night.
My friends and I ____________________ in the audience of the
Laura Bozo show.
Laura Bozo (not) ____________________ there until the show began.
Gisela's guests _________________ two great singers, Enrique
and Julio Iglesias.

PRACTICE
2.Write the correct form of the verb in the past tense for each sentence.
My parents (arrive) ____________________ in Peru twenty years ago.
His grandparents (escape) ____________________ from Viet Nam during the war.
Frank (travel) ____________________ on a small boat when he _______ (be) in Iquitos.
They finally (move) ____________________ to the Arequipa in 2005.
My brother (study) ____________________really hard and became an architect.
Last year, my parents (visit) ____________________ Machu Picchu again.
3.Match the question to the best response.
a)I started four years ago.
b)No, I didn't remember it.
c)She came home at three a.m.
d)Yes, I took a cooking class.
e)They had it in a beautiful farm in Pucallpa.
f)We went to a fancy Peruvian restaurant.
____1.Did you remember to bring your laptop?
____2.Where did you go after the movie?
____3.When did you start high school?
____4.Did you take any classes?
____5.When did Bernarda come home?
____6.Where did they have the party?

PRACTICE
4.Complete each sentence using the past form of the verb in parentheses.
Hugo (go out) ____________________ to buy some bread.
She (know) ____________________ that I was a soccer player.
We danced while Louis and Max (make) ____________________ dinner.
I accidentally __________ (drop) the dishes on the floor and they________ (break).
Pilar (begin) ____________________ working here two months ago.
Alejandro (go) ____________________ to a small school in Paita.

8. HAVE YOU TRAVELLED BY BOAT?

PRACTICE
GRAMMAR REFERENCE
I.I AM AN ENGLISH STUDENT.

Subject pronouns with be

I am
= I'm
You are = You're
He is
= He's
She is
= She's
It is
= It's
We are = We're
You are = You're
They are = They're
Subject
pronouns

Possessive
adjectives

I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They

Me
You
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their

II.I ALWAYS CHECK MY E-MAILS.

Subject
I / you / we / they
he / she / it

Verb
speak / learn
speaks / learns

The Rest of the sentence

English at home
English at home

PRACTICE
The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on
the ending of that verb:
For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES
in the third person.
go goes
catch catches
wash washes
kiss kisses
fix fixes
buzz buzzes
For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the
Y and add -IES.
marry marries
study studies
carry carries
worry worries
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
play plays
enjoy enjoys
say says
Examples:
The President of The USA lives in The White House.
A cat has four legs.
We come from Sechura.
I get up early every day.
Carol brushes her teeth three times a day.
They travel to Cajamarca every weekend.
The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
They speak English at home, but they speak Spanish at work.

PRACTICE
Subject

don't/doesn't

I / you / we / they

don't

Verb*

have / buy
eat / like etc.

The Rest of the sentence

cereal for breakfast

Examples:
You don't speak Japanese.
John doesn't speak Korean.
I don't have time to hang out with friends.
It doesn't work.
They don't want to go to Mancora beach.
She doesn't like *chicha.
*Chicha is a typical beverage in Piura.
Do/Does
Do
Does

Subject

Verb*

I / you / we / they have / need

want etc.
he / she / it

Examples:
Do you need a new laptop?
Does Lisbeth need a loan?
Do we have a meeting now?
Does it rain a lot in winter?
Do they want to go to Colan beach?
Does he like hamburgers?

The Rest of the sentence

a new bike?

PRACTICE
III.WHAT ARE YOU DOING?
The present progressive puts emphasis on the course or
duration of an action.

Past

Moment of
speaking

Future

Present
Progressive

The present progressive is used for actions going on in the moment

of speaking and for actions taking place only for a short period of
time. It is also used to express development and actions that are
arranged for the near future.
FORM
[am/is/are + present participle] Use a form of to be and the infinite
verb plus -ing.
Use:
am with the personal pronoun I
is with the personal pronouns he, she or it (or the singular form of nouns)
are with the personal pronouns you, we, they (or the plural form of nouns)

affirmative
I
he, she, it
you, we, they

Negative

question

I am playing. I am not playing. Am I playing?

He is playing. He is not playing. Is he playing?
You are playing. You are not playing. Are you playing?

PRACTICE
Examples:
You are watching TV.
Are you watching TV?
You are not watching TV
IV.WHAT ARE YOU DOING?
Structure of Can
subject + can + main verb
The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to").

Subject

He

Can

auxiliary verb main verb

Can

Play

tennis.

Cannot
can't

Play

tennis.

Play

tennis?

You

Notice that:
Can is invariable. There is only one form of can.
The main verb is always the bare infinitive.
V.I'm going to Cuzco.
Form
to be (am, are, is) + going to + infinitive
Examples:
Affirmative sentences:
I am going to play football.

You are going to play football.

I'm going to play football.

You're going to play football.

PRACTICE
Negative sentences:
I am not going to play football. You are not going to play football.
I'm not going to play football.

You're not going to play football.

You aren't going to play football.

Questions:
Am I going to play football?

Are you going to play football?

VI.WILL YOU DRINK A SODA WITH ME?

will / going to - future

Past

Present

Future

FORM
Will + infinitive
Examples
Affirmative sentences:
He will play football.
He'll play football.
Negative sentences:
He will not play football.
He won't play football. or He'll not play football.
Questions:
Will he play football?

PRACTICE
VII.SHE WAS BORN IN CATACAOS.
We use the Simple Past when we talk about something which
started and finished in the past.

simple past
Past

Present

Future

Affirmative sentences:
Use the same form of the verb every time regardless the subject.
regular verbs

irregular verbs

I played football.

I went to the supermarket.

Negative sentences:
Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of do) every time regardless
the subject.
regular verbs

irregular verbs

I did not play football.

I did not go to the supermarket.

NOTE:
Short forms in negative sentences in the Simple Past are used quite often.
regular verbs

irregular verbs

I didn't play football.

I didn't go to the supermarket.

Questions:
Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of do) every time regardless the subject.
regular verbs

irregular verbs

Did you play football?

Did I go to the supermarket?

PRACTICE
VIII.HAVE YOU TRAVELLED BY BOAT?
We use the Present Perfect for actions in the past which have a
connection to the present. The time when these actions happened
is not important.

Present Perfec
Present

Past

Future

We use the Present Perfect for recently completed actions.

Present Perfec

Present

Past

Future

We use the Present Perfect for actions beginning in the past

and still continuing

Present Perfec
Past

Present

Future

The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going

on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present.
It puts emphasis on the result. We use the Present Perfect to say
that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The
exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect
with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago,
last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that
moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect
with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times,
several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

PRACTICE
Form of Present Perfect
[has/have + past participle]
Positive

Negative

question

I / you / we / they I have spoken I have not spoken. Have I spoken?

he / she / it

He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken?

Examples:
I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

We also use the Present Perfect to

1.talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
Examples:
You have grown since the last time I saw you.
The government has become more interested in arts education.
Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the
university since the Asian studies program was established.
My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

PRACTICE
2.List the accomplishments of individuals and humanity.
You cannot mention a specific time.
Examples:
Man has walked on the Moon.
Our son has learned how to read.
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Scientists have split the atom.
3.Say that an action which we expected has not happened.
Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting
for the action to happen.
Examples:
James has not finished his homework yet.
Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
Bill has still not arrived.
The rain hasn't stopped.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
Complete the sentences with one or two words.
1.What are Kira and Jake doing?

They ____________________.

2.What is Barbra Jean doing?

She ____________________.
3. What is Brock doing?

He ____________________.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
4.What is Martha doing?

She ____________________.
5.What is Kenny doing?

He ____________________.
PROJECT > Cut and stick pictures from a magazine about
actions in the present progressive.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
A PICTURE FROM MY CLASS A STUDENT COOKING.

I CAN COOK.
PROJECT> Stick pictures showing your abilities and tell
the class about it.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
Read the text and write T (True), F (False) or DN (We don't know).

"Fish and chips" is deep-fried fish in batter with deep-fried potatoes,

and a popular take-away food. Fish and chips is originally from
the United Kingdom, but also very popular in Australia, Canada,
Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa and some coastal towns of the
Netherlands and Norway; and also increasingly so in the United
States and elsewhere. For decades it was the dominant (if not the only)
take-away food in the United Kingdom.
The fried potatoes are called chips in British and international usage;
and while American English calls them french fries, the combination is
still called "fish and chips". (Potato chips, an American innovation, are
a different potato-derived food, and are known as crisps in the United
Kingdom.)
Fish and chips have separately been eaten for many years though the
potato was not introduced to Europe until the 17th century. The
originally Sephardi dish Pescado frito, or deep-fried fish, came to
Netherlands and England with the Spanish and Portuguese Jews in
the 17th and 18th centuries.
The dish became popular in more widespread circles in London and the
south-east in the middle of the 19th century (Charles Dickens mentions
a "fried fish warehouse" in Oliver Twist) whilst in the north of England
a trade in deep-fried "chipped" potatoes developed.
It is unclear when and where these two trades were merged to become
the fish and chip shop industry we know today. The first combined fish
and chip shop was probably the one opened in London by Joseph Malin
in 1860.
During World War II, fish and chips were one of the few foods that were
not rationed in the UK.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
1.Fish and chips are popular only in England. (

2.Americans call French fries what British call chips.(

3.Americans call chips what British call crisps.(

4.The potato was introduced to Europe in the 18th century.(

5.The dish became popular in the 19th century.(

6.The first fish and chip shop was opened in the 19th century. (

7.Fish and chips were not eaten during World War II. (

PROJECT> Write a recipe from your country.

DISH >
INGREDIENTS

PREPARATION

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
SONG
LISTEN TO THE SONG

I Have A Dream
ABBA
Agnetha Fltskog.
I have a dream, a song to sing
To help me cope with anything
If you see the wonder of a fairy tale
You can take the future even if you fail
I believe in angels
Something good in everything I see
I believe in angels
When I know the time is right for me
I'll cross the stream - I have a dream
I have a dream, a fantasy
To help me through reality
And my destination makes it worth the while
Pushing through the darkness still another mile
I believe in angels
Something good in everything I see
I believe in angels
When I know the time is right for me
I'll cross the stream - I have a dream
I'll cross the stream - I have a dream
I have a dream, a song to sing
To help me cope with anything
If you see the wonder of a fairy tale
You can take the future even if you fail
I believe in angels
Something good in everything I see
I believe in angels
When I know the time is right for me
I'll cross the stream - I have a dream
I'll cross the stream - I have a dream

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1.What does she dream about?
2.What does she believe in?
3.What will she do when she knows the time is right?
4.Does she see the wonder of a fairy tale?
PROJECT> Make a dream poster and tell the class about it.
(I want to., I would like to I hope to..)

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
1.- Read the lyrics of the song.
Coward of the country
Everyone considered him the coward of the county
He'd never stood one single time to prove the county wrong.
His mama named him Tommy, but folks just called him yellow,
Something always told me they were reading Tommy wrong.
He was only ten years old when his daddy died in prison;
I looked after Tommy, 'cause he was my brother's son.
I still recall the final words my brother said to Tommy,
Son my life is over, but yours has just begun.
CHORUS
Promise me, son, not to do the things I've done -Walk away from trouble if you can.
It won't mean you're weak if you turn the other cheek
I hope you're old enough to understand,
Son, you don't have to fight to be a man.
There's someone for everyone, and Tommy's love was Becky.
In her arms he didn't have to prove he was a man.
One day while he was working, the Gatlin boys came calling
They took turns at Becky, n'there was three of them).
Tommy opened up the door, and saw Becky crying.
The torn dress, the shattered look was more than he could stand.
He reached above the fireplace, and took down his daddy's picture.
As his tears fell on his daddy's face, he heard these words again:
CHORUS
The Gatlin boys just laughed at him
when he walked into the barroom;
One of them got up and met him half way cross the floor.
When Tommy turned around
they said, Hey look! old yeller's leaving,
But you could've heard a pin drop when
Tommy stopped and locked the door.
Twenty years of crawling were bottled up inside him.
He wasn't holding nothing back -- he let 'em have it all.
When Tommy left the bar room, not a
Gatlin boy was standing.
He said, This one's for Becky,
as he watched the last one fall.
(And I heard him say,)
I promised you, Dad, not to do the things you've done
I walk away from trouble when I can
Now please don't think I'm weak, I didn't turn the other cheek,
And papa, I should hope you understand -Sometimes you gotta fight when you're a man.
Kenny Roggers

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
Answer these questions
1.- Who is Becky?
----------------------------------------------------------2.- When and where did his father die?
----------------------------------------------------------3- What happened to Becky ?
----------------------------------------------------------4.- What did Tommy promise his father?
----------------------------------------------------------5.- Did Tommy turn the other cheek?
----------------------------------------------------------6.- How old was he when this happened ?
----------------------------------------------------------7. Who sings the song ?
-----------------------------------------------------------Sing the song .

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
EDGAR ALLAN POE
Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 October 7, 1849)
was an American writer, poet, editor and literary
critic, considered part of the American Romantic
Movement.
Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre,
Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of
the short story and is considered the inventor of the
detective-fiction genre. He is further credited with
contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction.

He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through
writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.

He was born as Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts; he was orphaned young

when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family. Poe was
taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond, Virginia, but they never
formally adopted him. He attended the University of Virginia for one
semester but left due to lack of money. After enlisting in the Army and later
failing as an officer's cadet at West Point, Poe parted ways with the Allans.
Poe's publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of
poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to a Bostonian.

Poe switched his focus to prose and spent the next several years working for
literary journals and periodicals, becoming known for his own style of literary
criticism. His work forced him to move between several cities, including
Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City. In Baltimore in 1835, he
married Virginia Clemm, his 13-year-old cousin. In January 1845, Poe
published his poem The Raven to instant success. His wife died of
tuberculosis two years later. He began planning to produce his own journal,
The Penn (later renamed The Stylus), though he died before it could be

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
ANNABEL LEE ( poem)
It was many and many
a year ago,
In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived
whom you may know
By the name of Annabel Lee;
And this maiden she lived with no other thought
Than to love and be loved by me.
I was a child and she was a child,
In this kingdom by the sea;
But we loved with a love that was more than love I and my Annabel Lee;
With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven
Coveted her and me.
And this was the reason that, long ago,
In this kingdom by the sea,
A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling
My beautiful Annabel Lee;
So that her highborn kinsman came
And bore her away from me,
To shut her up in a sepulcher
In this kingdom by the sea.
The angels, not half so happy in heaven,
Went envying her and me
Yes! that was the reason
(as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea)
That the wind Came out of the cloud by night,
Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.
But our love was stronger by far than the love
Of those who were older than we
Of many far wiser than we
And neither the angels in heaven above,
Nor the demons down under the sea,
Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.
For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride,

Watch the video

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
2.Read the poem and answer the following Questions:
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.-

Where did Edgar Alan Poe study?

How old was Virginia when she married Alan?
Did they really love themselves?
Did Virginia's Family agree with the relationship?
Who was Annabel Lee?
How old was Virginia when she died?
Could he live on writing?

We loved with a love that was more than love

PERU'S VARGAS LLOSA WINS NOBEL FOR LITERATURE

STOCKHOLM (Reuters) Peruvian-born writer
and one-time presidential candidate Mario
Vargas Llosa, who has chronicled struggles for
power, won the 2010 Nobel prize for literature, the
awarding committee said on Thursday.
The committee said in a statement Vargas Llosa
received the award for his cartography of
structures of power and his trenchant images of
the individual's resistance, revolt and defeat.
Vargas Llosa, who made his international breakthrough with the novel The time of
the Hero in 1966, is the first Latin American winner for literature since Octavio Paz
won in 1990.
His works build on his experiences of life in Per in the late 1940s and the 1950s.
Vargas Llosa ran for president of Per in 1990 but lost to Alberto Fujimori, who
ultimately had to flee the country and was subsequently convicted of various crimes.
He is an outstanding author, and one of the great authors in the Spanish speaking
world,Peter Englund of the Nobel committee told Reuters.
He is one of the persons behind the Latin-American literary boom of the '60s and
'70s, and he has continued to work and expand.
Vargas Llosa, who has lectured and taught at universities in Latin America, the
United States and Europe, is also a noted journalist and essayist, the committee
said.
The prize of 10 million Swedish crowns ($1.50 million) was the fourth of this year's
Nobel prizes, following awards for medicine on Monday, physics on Tuesday and
chemistry on Wednesday.
(Editing by Philippa Fletcher)

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
1.Find the words for the definitions in the text.
To make violent efforts in the face of difficulties or opposition, to fight:
To give or receive something as a prize or medal for merit:
A major achievement or success that permits further progress,
as in technology:
Prominent, superiors to others:
2.Complete the questions and answer them.
1.Did Mario Vargas Llosa _____________________ the elections in 1990?
2.___________ Alberto Fujimori convicted of various crimes?
3.Did Mario Vargas Llosa _____________ at universities in Latin America?
4.Did Alberto Fujimori _______________ the elections against Mario Vargas Llosa?
5._______________ there other prizes fro medicine, physics and chemistry?
6.Did Mario Vargas Llosa __________ books in the '60s and '70s?

PROJECT>Write your biography

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
READING
1.What is the most beautiful archeology ruin in Peru?
2.Who do you think has discovered Machu Pichu?
3.When was Machu Pichu discovered ?

Machu Picchu ruin 'found earlier'

By Dan Collyns
BBC News, Lima

A team of historians says the lost city of the

Incas, Machu Picchu, in Peru was discovered
more than 40 years earlier than previously
thought and ransacked.
Machu Picchu, now Peru's biggest tourist
attraction, was famously believed to have been
discovered in 1911 by US explorer Hiram
Bingham.
The ruins are the crown jewel of Peru's
archaeological sites in Peru and draw thousands of tourists every day.
Machu Pichu carries symbolic value for Peru's indigenous people.
It was built by one of the last Inca emperors, Pachacutec, in around 1450
and kept secret from the Spanish conquerors who invaded about 100 years
later.
Now the story about its discovery by the western world has been shaken up
by a team of historians who say a German businessman looted its
treasures more than 40 years before.
They say the adventurer, Augusto Berns, who traded in Peru's wood and
gold, raided the citadel's tombs in 1867 apparently with the blessing of the
Peruvian government.
He had set up a sawmill at the foot of the forested mountain on which
Machu Picchu stands and systematically robbed precious artefacts which
he sold to European galleries and museums.
Only when one of the historians found a map in Peru's national museum
were his activities traced.
Until now it has been believed that Hiram Bingham, an American
academic from Yale University, brought the Inca city to the attention of the
world in 1911, although local people clearly already knew of its presence.
Mr Berns had a far less noble objective and researchers are now trying to
find out how many artefacts he spirited out of the country at a time when
there were no known archaeological expeditions in Peru.
Sadly more than a century later, Peruvian archaeological treasures are
still being looted by grave robbers and sold on the international black
market.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
Choose the best Answer:
1. When ________________ Machu Pichu?
a) have you discovered
b) did you discovered
c) did you discover
d) have you ever discovered
2. ___________________ Machu Pichu in 1450 ?
a) Did Pachacutec built
b) Have Pachacutec built
c) built Pachacutec
d) Didn't Pachacutec build
3. Machu Pichu is the most famous ruin ______________
a) We have had
b) We have
c) We had
d) We've have had
4. Agust Bern ___________________________ Peruvian archaeological
treasures
a) Has looted
b) Have looted.
c) looted.
d) did looted.
5. Hiram Bingham, an American academic from Yale University
___________________the first man who discovered Machu Picchu.
a) was not
b) has not been
c) Have not been
d) has been3
Answer these questions:
1.Who gave the trace to find out this part of the History?
2.Where did Mr Agust Berns set up his supposed business?
3.Dis Mr Bern have noble objectives?
4.Why did he set up a sawmill at the foot of the forest of Machu Picchu?
PROJECT:WRITE SOME REGULATIONS FOR VISITORS AND
LOCAL PEOPLE TO PROTECT MACHUPICCHU.(USE SHOULD,
HAVE TO, CAN'T)

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
Grammar target
Present simple tense review
Can
Have to
Must

Grammar target
Reviewing present simple
Forming Comparative and
Superlative Adjectives

WARM UP
1.What do you know of Peru? What does it produce?
What resources does it have?
READING
1)Read the following profiles and try to guess which countries
are described :
Country A
Population: 29.4 million (UN, 2010)
Area: 1.28 million sq km (496,225 sq miles)
Major languages: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara
Major religion: Christianity
Life expectancy: 72 years (men), 77 years (women) (UN)
Monetary unit: 1 nuevo sol = 100 centimos
Main exports: Fish and fish products, copper, zinc, gold,
crude petroleum and by-products, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton
GNI per capita: US $4,150 (World Bank, 2009)
*Gross Net Income
Country B
Population: 7.2 million (UN, 2009)
Area: Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics cites 22,072 sq km
(8,522 sq miles), including Jerusalem and Golan
Major languages: Hebrew, Arabic
Life expectancy: 79 years (men), 83 years (women) (UN)
Monetary unit: 1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot
Main exports: Computer software, military equipment, chemicals,
agricultural products
GNI per capita (Israel only): US $24,700 (World Bank, 2008)

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
Which country is bigger?
Which country has more resources?
Which country has more population?
Which country has bigger GNI?
Which are the countries described?
Groupwork
Compare these countries. Write five comparative sentences:
Example:
Life expectancy of Peruvian people is Lower than Israeli's

What do you think is the biggest difference between these two countries?
Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
One-syllable adjectives.
Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective
by adding er for the comparative form and est for the superlative.
One-Syllable Adjective

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Tall

taller

Tallest

Old

older

Oldest

Long

longer

Longest

The republic of Peru is older than Israeli s.

If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add r for the

comparative form and st for the superlative form.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
One-Syllable Adjective
with Final -e

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Long

longer

Longest

Wise

wiser

Wisest

Loreto is larger than Lima.

If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before
it, double the consonant and add er for the comparative form; and double
the consonant and add est for the superlative form.
One-Syllable Adjective
Ending with a Single Consonant
with a Single Vowel before It

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Big

Bigger

Biggest

Thin

Thinner

Thinnest

Fat

Fatter

Fattest

Peru is bigger than Israel

Two-syllable adjectives.
With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with
more and the superlative with most.
Two-Syllable Adjective

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Peacefulmore

peacefulmost

peaceful

Pleasantmore

pleasantmost

pleasant

Carefulmore

carefulmost

Thoughtfulmore

thoughtfulmost

careful
thoughtful

This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning.

Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
If the two-syllable adjectives ends with y, change the y to i and add er
for the comparative form. For the superlative form change the y to i and
add est.

Two-Syllable Adjective
Ending with -y

Comparative Form

Happy

happier

Happiest

Angry

angrier

Angriest

Busy

busier

Busiest

Superlative Form

John is happier today than he was yesterday.

John is the happiest boy in the world.
Two-syllable adjectives ending in er, -le, or ow take er and est
to form the comparative and superlative forms.
Two-Syllable Adjective
Ending with -er, -le, or -ow

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Narrow

Narrower

Narrowest

Gentle

Gentler

Gentlest

The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.
This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.
Adjectives with three or more syllables.
For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the comparative
with more and the superlative with most.
Adjective with Three
or More Syllables

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Generousmore

generousmost

generous

Importantmore

importantmost

importantIntell

igentmore

intelligentmost

intelligent

John is more generous than Jack.

John is the most generous of all the people I know.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
Exceptions.
Irregular adjectives.
Irregular Adjective

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Good

Better

best

Bad

Worse

worst

Far

Farther

farthest

Little

Less

least

Many

More

most

Italian food is better than American food.

My dog is the best dog in the world.
Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can
be used with -er and -est and with more and most.
Two-Syllable Adjective

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Clever

cleverer

Cleverest

Clever

moreclever

Gentle
Gentle

gentler
moregentle

Friendly

friendlier

Friendly

morefriendly

mostclever
Gentlest
mostgentle
Friendliest
mostfriendly

Quiet

quieter

Quietest

Quiet

morequiet

mostquiet

Simple

simpler

Simplest

Simple

moresimple

most simple

Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.

Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
1.Tell your partner three things about Piura resources.

Brief Historical Description of Piura

For many historians and theorists, the word Piura is derived from
the word pirhua which means granary or storage house for provisions.
Others say That Piura is derived from the home wira a god of the tallan
peoples.
The first inhabitants of this region were the yunga and the tallan peoples,
who emigrated from to the coast, from de Andes. They lived in separate
tribes and were never ruled under the authority of one chief or king.
Afterwards, they were conquered by the Mochica civilization and later
still, by de Incas, in 1532, Francisco Pizarro, founded the first Spanish
city in South America, in the tangarar valley on the bangles of the river
Chira. He called it San Miguel (Saint Michael).
Due to the increasing salinity of the water, the city was moved in 1534,
to Monte de los Padres de Morropn. For the same reason it was
moved again in 1578 to San Francisco de la Nueva Esperanza
(Saint Francis of te good hope) Paita. Due to constant attacks by pirates
and English privateers, the city was moved for the third last time, to the
banks of Piura river.
On the 4 of January 1821, Independence in Piura was proclaimed in
the church of San Francisco (Saint Francis).
1.Where does the word Piura come from?
2.What does Pirhua means?
3.Why did Piura move to San Francisco?
4.When was it founded?
GRAMMAR
Present Progressive

going to-future

planned action in the future;

planned action in
logical consequence
the near future
(sth. is going to happen)

will-future

Simple Present

prediction, assumption; future action is fixed

spontaneous action
(e.g. timetable)

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
READING
A)SKIMMING
1.Read and choose the best title for the text.
a)Greek doctors and patients.
b)Hippocrates on medical history.
c)Observing patients in the past.

Hippocrates made such an impression on medical history that his

name is still very much associated with medicine today. All newly
qualified doctors take what is called the 'Hippocratic Oath' and some
see Hippocrates as the father of modern medicine even though he did
most of his work some 430 years before the birth of Christ.
Greek doctors had started to look at the issue of poor health and
disease by using a process of reasoning and observation. The most
famous of these was Hippocrates. He is thought to have been born in
Cos in 460 BC. In fact, we know very little about Hippocrates as a
person but his fame was such that Plato and Aristotle wrote about
him. While Hippocrates has found fame in medical history, there
were other Ancient Greek doctors who were not so lucky.
Ancient Greek medical knowledge is demonstrated in what is known
as the Hippocratic Collection. This is a collection of sixty medical
books of which Hippocrates wrote just some. We do not know who
wrote most of them but they cover a time span of 150 years so they
could not have all been written by Hippocrates.
Hippocrates and other Greek doctors believed that the work done by
a doctor should be kept separate from the work done by a priest. They
believed that observation of a patient was a vital aspect of medical
care. Ancient Greek doctors did examine their patients but
Hippocrates wanted a more systematic period of observation and the
recording of what was observed. Today, we would call this 'clinical
observation'. Such ideas have lead to Hippocrates being called the
'Father of Medicine'.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
1)The Hippocratic Collection gave Greek doctors detailed advice on
what to do with their patients:

2)In the book "On Epidemics", doctors were told to note specific symptoms and
what was observed on a day to day basis. By doing this they could make a
natural history of an illness. Hippocrates and other doctors believed that
by doing this they could forecast the development of the illness in future:

3)The ideas of Hippocrates and others spread in the eastern Mediterranean

and others took to writing down what they saw with regards to illnesses.
These writings have survived and have given historians a vast resource
to study.
Hippocrates and other doctors worked on the assumption that all
diseases had a natural cause rather than a supernatural one.
Priests believed that an illness such as epilepsy was caused by
the gods. Hippocrates believed that with all other illnesses it had
a natural cause.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
SCANNING
1.Read again and answer the questions.
a)Why is Hippocrates associated with medicine?
b)Were there any other doctors as famous as Hippocrates?
c)Did Hippocrates write 60 medical books?
d)What did doctors think it was important in medical care?

2.Read and insert the boxes into the paragraphs.

A)"I believe that it is an excellent thing for a physician to

practice forecasting. He will carry out the treatment best
if he knows beforehand from the present symptoms what
will take place later."
From 'On forecasting diseases'
B)"First of all the doctor should look at the patient's face.
If he looks his usual self this is a good sign. If not, however,
the following are bad signs sharp nose, hollow eyes, cold
ears, dry skin on the forehead, strange face colour such as
green, black, red or lead coloured. If the face is like this
at the beginning of the illness, the doctor must ask the
patient if he has lost sleep, or had diarrhoea, or not eaten."
From "On forecasting diseases"

C)"Men believe only that it is a divine disease because

of their ignorance and amazement."
From 'The Sacred Disease'.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
Read the following information about some cities and write
the name of the city the paragraph is describing.
a)Catacaos.
b)Paita.
c)Piura.
d)Sullana.
e)Talara.
1.

_____________________________________

Francisco Pizarro settled this city in 1532. It was originally located in

Sullana. Then they moved the city around a few times before resettling
in Paita on the coast. The run of bad luck continued as Paita was sacked
by English pirates in 1577. Because of this, the settlers finally moved
their city for the last time to its current spot.

2.

___________________________________

This town is the self proclaimed capital of handicrafts in the region.

Here, you can find excellent weavings, gold and silver filigree jewelry,
wood carvings, ceramics, leather goods and more. This town has local
restaurants where you can get local specialties like chicha, seco de
chabelo (a thick plantain and beef stew), seco de cabrito (kid goat),
tamales verdes (green corn dumplings)and a lot of other dishes.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES
3.___________________________________
This little city is hot and dusty with several parks and shops.
Be wary of personal safety outside of central areas and be also
careful when you take mototaxis to and from the outskirts of town.

4.

___________________________________

This town was once a small village city. But today it's the site of Peru's
largest oil refinery. Although there are some good beaches near this town,
it has little to interest the tourist.
5.

___________________________________

This historic town is the main port of the department of Piura. It is located
50km due west of Piura by paved road. In 1527 Pizarro became the first
European to land here.