Front & Arm

Muscles

Member: YinYin, Jammy,

Pete, Nice, Non 11-01

Rectus Abdominis
origin : pubic crest and symphysis pubis
insertion : costal catillages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
of sternum.

Rectus Abdominis
action : 1. flexion of vertebral column, 2. Compression of abdomen
(1)

(2)

day to day: get up from bed

exercise to build the muscle: (1) bicycle crunches
(1)

(2) heel touches

(3) Reach throughs

Internal oblique muscle

origin : anterior iliac crest lateral half of inguinal ligament,
and thoracolumbar fascia.

insertion : costal cartillage of ribs 8-12, abdominal

aponeorosis to linea alba

action : 1) flexes vertebral column anteriorly, 2) rotates vertebral column to the same side,
3) laterally flexes vertebral column, 4) compresses abdomen
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

day to day : sweep the leaves

exercise to biuld the muscle : (1)heel touches, (2) double twisted
(1)

(2)

Biceps Brachii
origin : long head : supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
short head : coracoid process of scapula

action : (1)flexes the forearm at the elbow, (2) Supinate the forearm at the elbow,
(3) weakly flexes the arm at the shoulder
(1)

flexes the forearm at the elbow

(2) Supinate the forearm at the elbow

(3) weakly flexes the arm at the shoulder

Brachialis
Origin : Start at lower half of the humerus, near the insertion of the deltoid
muscle. Its origin extends below to within 2.5 cm of the margin of the articular
surface of the humerus at the elbow joint.
Action : Flexion at elbow joint

Triceps

A major muscle of the upper arm in the human body. The triceps run along
the humerus between the shoulder and the elbow.
Action

Extend force arms

Adduct arm
extend shoulder

Long triceps head

origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
action : extends the forearm at the elbow

Medial head
origin : is in the posterior and superior of the
humerus shaft, is in the anterior and inferior of
humerus.
action : extends the forearm at the elbow

Lateral head
Origin : proximal portion of posterior humerus,
superior to the radial groove.
Action :extend the forearm at the elbow

Extensors for forearm

Locate at the posterior part of the arm.
-

Anconeus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Brevis Longus
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Anconeus
Origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Action - extends forearm at elbow

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin - distal lateral supracondylar ridge
Action - extends and abducts hand at wrist

Extensor Carpi Brevis Longus

Origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus
Action - extend and abduct hand at wrist

Extensor Dirgitorum
Origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus
Action - extend wrist and fingers (middle phalanx of digits 2-5)

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus
Actions - extend and adduct hand at wrist

Flexor of Forearm
Anterior flexor seperated in 3 layers which are
Superficial:
1)Flexor carpi radialis
(1)

origin : Medial epicondyle of humerus

action : (1) flexes the carpal, (2)abducts the carpal
flexes the carpal

(2) abducts the carpal

2)Flexor carpi ulnaris

(2 heads: Humeral head, Ulna head)
-

(1)

Origin of humeral head: on the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Origin of Ulna head: proximal of the posterior ulna
Action: (1)flexes the carpals, (2) adducts the carpals

flexes the carpals

(2) adducts the carpals

Intermediate:
1)Flexor digitorum superficialis
( 3 heads : humeral head, ulna head and radial head)
-

origin of humeral head : medial epicondyle of humerus

origin of ulna head : medial coronoid process of ulna
origin of radial head : oblique line of the radius

action :(1) flexes the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle phalanges) in the digit 2-5, (2)
flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints, (3) flexion of the wrist

(1)

flexes the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle phalanges) in the digit 2-5

(3) flexion of the wrist

(2) flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints

Deep: (Deep flexors are found on the ventral forearm, its really close to the
ulna and radius so its very difficult to palpate them)
1)
-

Flexor pollicis longus

origin : anterior surface of the radius
action : flexion the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint, and distal
interphalangeal joint, opposition of saddle joint.

2) Flexor digitorum profundus

-

origin: proximal half of the anterior ulna

Action: Flexes distal phalanges at distal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits (2nd-5th),
metacarpolangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints; assists with flexion of hand

3) Pronator Quadratus (deepest muscle in the anterior forearm)

origin : distal end of ulna
action : pulls the radius medially, thus, causing a pronation at the radioulnar joint.

References
-

https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-deep-flexors-of-the-forear
m
http://slideplayer.com/slide/3433182/
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/forearmmuscles/pronatort
eres/tutorial.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/forearmmuscles/anconeus
/tutorial.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/wristhanddigits/extcarpira
dialislong/tutorial.html

http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/wristhanddigits/extcarpira
dialisbrev/tutorial.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/wristhanddigits/extensord
igitorum/tutorial.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/wristhanddigits/extensorc
arpiulnaris/tutorial.html