ABSTRACT

Now a day, switched reluctance motors (SRMs) attract more and more
attention because of its advantages like high torque to inertia ratio, high efficiency,
simple construction and maximum operating speed. The performance of SRM mainly
depends on the control system and Power converter used.
Power converter circuit used for SRM is different from others because each
phase of SRM should be excited independently. Many researches attempted to
improve power converters of SRM. Generally asymmetric half bridge converter is
used to drive the SRM.
In this project, 3-level neutral point diode clamped (NPDC) converter fed
SRM is compared with the generally used asymmetric two level half bridge converter
fed SRM. Also the 3-level NPDC converter fed SRM drive is simulated in closed loop
to achieve constant speed, using Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic
controllers (FLC) as speed controllers. The simulation results show the better
performance of 3-level NPDC converter over the asymmetric two level half bridge
converter in terms of less ripple current and also the fuzzy logic controlled SRM gives
the better speed controlling action than that of the conventional PI controller action.
The simulation is carried out in SIMULNIK environment using MATLAB R2012b
version.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic Name
Abstract
List of figures
List of tables
List of abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Inverters
1.3 Multilevel inverters
1.3.1 Advantages of multilevel inverters
1.3.2 Classification of multilevel inverters
1.4 Diode clamped multilevel inverter
1.4.1 Features
1.4.2 Advantages
1.4.3 Disadvantages
1.5 Problem Statement
1.6 Objective
1.7 Project Organization
Chapter 2: Literature survey

Page No
i
v
viii
ix
01-11
01
02
03
06
06
07
09
09
10
10
10
10
12-17

2.1 Introduction

12

2.2 Survey Papers

12

2.2.1 Multilevel Inverters: A Survey of Topologies,

12

Controls, and Applications

2.2.2 A Comparison of Three-Level Converters Versus

13

Two-Level Converters for Low-Voltage Drives,

Traction, and Utility Applications
2.2.3 A Three-Level MOSFET Inverter for Low-

14

Drives
2.2.4 Quasi-three-level converter for switched

14

Power

reluctance
motor drives reducing current rising and falling
times
2.2.5 An Advanced Multi-Level Converter for Four-

15

Phase SRM Drive

2.2.6 Speed Controller of Switched Reluctance Motor

16

2.2.7 A New Neutral-Point-Clamped PWM Inverter

16

2.3 Three Level NPDC Converter Concept

2.4 Conclusion
Chapter 3: Switched Reluctance Motor
2

17
17
18-37

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Construction of switched reluctance motor
3.3 Principle of operation of the SRM
3.4 Equivalent circuit of switched reluctance motor
3.5 Torque control in switched reluctance motor
3.6 Types of SRM
3.7 Advantages of SRM
3.8 Disadvantages of SRM
3.9 Applications of SRM
3.10 Power converter for switched reluctance motor
3.11 Types of power converters for SRM
3.11.1 Dc-Dc converters
3.11.2 Dissipative converter
3.11.3 Magnetic converter
3.11.4 Resonant converter
3.11.5 Capacitive converter
3.11.5.1 Single-capacitor converter
3.11.5.2 Multi- capacitor converter
Chapter 4: Control methods used for SRM
4.1 Current control method
4.2 Voltage chopping control method
4.3 Hysteresis control method
4.4 PID controller
4.5 Fuzzy logic controller
Chapter 5: Three level NPDC converter

18
19
20
22
25
26
26
27
28
28
29
29
30
31
32
32
33
34
38-45
38
38
39
40
41
46-54

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Operational principle of the asymmetric three-level

46
48

NPDC converter
5.3 The modulation scheme and control of the 3 level

51

NPDC converter
5.4 Fuzzy logic controller as speed controller
Chapter 6: Matlab/simulation results
6.1 Introduction to matlab
6.2 Simulink results
6.2.1 Comparison of conventional two level converter

53
55-69
55
56
56

and three level NP diode clamped converter

using
simulink
6.2.2 Comparison of pi and fuzzy logic controller as

60

the
speed controller for NPDC converter
Chapter 7: Conclusion& Future scope
7.1 Conclusion
7.2 Future scope
3

70
70
70

References
Published paper

71-72

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No

Figure Name

Page No

1.1

One phase leg of an inverter with (a) two levels, (b)

1.2
1.3

three levels and (c) n levels

Classification of multilevel Inverters
Topology of the diode-clamped inverter (a) three-level

7
8

inverter, (b) five -level inverter

1.4

Output voltage in three-level diode- clamped inverter (a)

3.1
3.2

leg voltage (b) output phase voltage

Switched reluctance motor
Operation of an SRM. (a) Phase c aligned. (b) Phase a

19
21

3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7

aligned
SRM with one phase asymmetric inverter
Inductance and current in SRM
Equivalent circuit of SR motor
Relationship between energy (Wf) and co-energy(Wc)
Graphical interpretation of energy and co-energy for SR

21
22
23
23
24

motor
4

3.8
3.9

Types of SRM
Active type of two capacitors network separated to DC-

26
30

3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17

link
Two types of dissipative SR converter
Two types of magnetic SR converter
Three types of resonant SR converter
Classification of capacitive SR converter
Single capacitor type in capacitive SR converter
Passive boost converter with two capacitors
Other passive SR converter with series capacitor type
Active boost converter with two capacitors connected in

31
31
32
32
33
35
35
36

3.18
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6

parallel
Active boost converter
Asymmetric bridge converter for SR drive
Operation modes of asymmetric converter
Structure PID Controller
Structure of fuzzy logic controller
Fuzzy inference system of SRM
The membership functions of FLC (A) error (B) change

37
38
39
40
42
42
43

4.7
4.8
5.1
5.2

in error (C) output signal

Surface view
Fuzzy rule viewer
Asymmetry half bridge for three-phase SRM drives
The asymmetry three-level NPDC converter for SRM

43
44
46
47

5.3

drives
Current flow of each state of three level neutral point

50

5.4
5.5

diode clamped converter

Modulation method
Block diagram of the control of SRM drives using three

51
47

6.1

level NPDC converter

Simulation Model of Conventional Two-Level

56

6.2

Asymmetry Half Bridge Converter

Simulink model of three level neutral point diode

56

6.3
6.4

clamped converter using current control

Modulation method of the three level NPDC converter
Phase current of (a) conventional two level converter

57
58

6.5

and (b) three level NPDC converter

Magnified view of phase current of (a) conventional two

59

6.6

level converter and (b) three level NPDC converter

(a) Torque and (b) output voltage of SRM driven by

60

6.7

asymmetry half bridge converter

Simulink model of PI controller used as speed controller

61

6.8

for SRM
(a) Torque and (b) output voltage of SRM driven by 3-

62

level NPDC converter using PI controller with speed

6.9

kept constant at 4000rpm

(a) Torque and (b) output voltage of SRM driven by 3-

63

level NPDC converter using PI controller with speed

6.10

kept constant at 5000rpm

Simulink model of Fuzzy logic Controller used as speed

63

6.11

controller for SRM

(a) Torque and (b) output voltage of SRM driven by 3-

64

level NPDC converter using Fuzzy controller with speed

6.12

kept constant at 4000rpm

(a) Torque and (b) output voltage of SRM driven by 3-

65

level NPDC converter using Fuzzy controller with speed

6.13

at 5000rpm
speed waveform of PI controller (a) and Fuzzy Logic

66

Controller (b) used as speed controller with speed kept

6.14

constant at 4000 rpm

speed waveform of (a) PI controller and (b) Fuzzy Logic

67

Controller used as speed controller with speed kept

6.15

constant at 5000 rpm

Waveforms for speed variation from 2500 rpm to 5000
rpm at 0.5 sec of (a) PI controller and (b) Fuzzy Logic
controller

LIST OF TABLES
6

68

Table No

Table Name

Page No

1.1
3.1
3.2
4.1

Switching pattern of 3 level Diode clamped inverter

Comparison of 5 types DC/DC converter topology
Comparison of 2-capacitor types
Effects of each of controllers Kp, Kd, and Ki on a closed-

7
30
37
41

5.1
5.2
5.3
6.1

loop system
Possible states of the four switches in one phase
Method of selecting switching mode
FLC rule table for the three level NPDC converter
Comparison of PI controller & Fuzzy logic controller as

50
52
54
69

speed controller

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
SRM

Switched Reluctance Motor

7

EMI
EMF
VSI
THD
PWM
EMC
CM
SPWM
SVM
SHE
FACTS
MOSFET
IGBT
ESR
PID
NPDC

Electro Magnetic Interference

Electro Motive Force
Voltage Source Inverters
Total Harmonic Distortion
Pulse Width Modulation
Electro Magnetic Compatibility
Common Mode
Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation
Space Vector Modulation
Selective Harmonic Elimination
Flexible Ac Transmission System
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
Equivalent Series Resistance
Proportional Integral Derivative
Neutral Point Diode Clamped