‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
2
gos>
voe>
Practice Questions A
Which of the problems below BEST characterize a result of
software failure?
Damaged reputation
Lack of methodology
Inadequate training
Regulatory compliance
What should be taken into account to determine when to
stop testing?
I. Technical risk
IL. Business,
IIL. Project dofetraints
IV. Product documentation
Tand Il are true; III and IV are false
IIL is true; 1, I, and IV are false
1, I, and IV are true; III is false
1, Tand III are true; IV is false
What is the process of analyzing and removing causes of
failures in software?
Validation
Testing
Debugging
Verification popP
9NP>
2
gop
Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
Which general testing principles are characterized by the
descriptions below?
Early testing
Defect clustering
Pesticide paradox
Absence-of-errors fallacy
Nxxs
Testing should start at the beginning of the project
‘Conformance to requirements and fitness for use
‘Small number of modules contain the most defects
Test cases must be regularly reviewed and revised
ayy
W1, X2, Y3 and 24
W1, X3, Y4 and Z2
W2, x3, Y1 and 24
W1, X4, Y2 and Z3
‘Which of the following MAIN activity is part of the
fundamental test process?
Initiating and planning
Documenting root-causes
Capturing lessons learned
Planning and control
Which of the following are MAJOR test implementation and
execution tasks?
I, Repeating test activities
Il. Creating test suites
II. Reporting discrepancies
IV. Logging the outcome
V. Analyzing lessons learned
1, Mand IV
1, I, IV and V
1, I, I and IV
Ml, Vand Vv
gas>
gas >
2
one>
one>r
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
What principle is BEST described when test designs are
written by a third-party?
Exploratory testing
Independent testing
Integration testing
Interoperability testing
Which test levels are USUALLY included in the common type
of V-model?
Integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing and
regression testing
Component testing, integration testing, system testing and
acceptance testing
Incremental testing, exhaustive testing, exploratory testing
and data driven testing
Aipha testing, beta testing, black-box testing and white-box
testing
What test can be conducted for off-the-shelf software to get
market feedback? -
Beta testing
Usability testing
Alpha testing
COTS testing
|. Who OFTEN performs system testing and acceptance testing
respectively?
Senior programmers and professional testers
Technical system testers and potential customers
Independent test team and users of the system
Development team and customers of the system 1:
9OR>
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
What is the key difference between (a) contract and
regulation acceptance testing, and (b) alpha and beta
testing?
(a) are performed outside the company and (b) are
conducted by the test team
(2) are conducted by regulators and (b) are performed by
system administrators
(a) are mandatory test for government applications and (b)
are usually optional
(a) are for custom-developed software and (b) are for off-
the-shelf software wy
We por
. Which test measures the system at or beyond the limits of
its specified requirements?
Structural testing
Stress testing
Error guessing
Black-box testing
. Which test ensures that modifications did not introduce new
problems?
Stress testing
Black-box testing
Structural testing
Regression testing
}. Which typical defects are easier to find using static instead
of dynamic testing?
L._ Deviation from standards
M. Requirements defects
N. Insufficient maintainability
0. Incorrect interface specifications
LM, Nand
LandN
L, Nand O
L MandN
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
Ina formal review, who is primarily responsible for the
documents to be reviewed?
Author
Manager
Moderator
. Reviewers
|. Who typically use static analysis tools?
. Customers and users
|, Developers and designers
Business and systems analysts
|, System and acceptance testers
Which aspects of testing will establishing traceability help?
Configuration management and test data generation
, Test case specification and change control
Test condition and test procedure specification
, Impact analysis and requirements coverage
, Features to be tested, approach, item pass/fail criteria and
test deliverables should be specified in which document?
Test case specification
|, Test procedure specification
. Test plan
, Test design specification
. Which test technique is based on requirements
specifications?
. White-box technique
8, Component testing
Black-box technique
Data driven testing ‘huniple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
20, Which test design techniques should a tester use to
teapectively achieve the following: (a) check the
documented features of the system, (b) ensure 100%
decision coverage, and (c) detect likely defects and
‘distribution?
23,
Specification-hased, data driven testing, and defect density
techniques
Specification-based, branch coverage, and exploratory
techniques
Structure-based, equivalence partitioning, and exploratory
techniques
Specification-based, structure-based, and experience-based
techniques
. What technique captures system requirements that contain
logical conditions?
Boundary value
Equivalence partition
Decision table
). State transition
. Input and output combinations that will be treated the same
way by the system can be tested using which technique?
Boundary value
Equivalence partition
Decision table
State transition
28
1 ee
DE
Ne
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
Which test suite will check for an invalid transition using the
diagram below?
oa ae &
o (oe)
aw
SO -S1-S2-$3-Si1-s4V/
S0-S1-S4-S1-S2-$3)
S0-S1-S3-S1-S2-S1
S0-S1-$2-$3-S1-S2
How are integration testing and use case testing similar and
dissimilar?
Both checks for interactions: integration for components,
use case for actors
Both are black-box techniques: integration is low-level, use
case is high-level
Both are static testing: developers perform integration, users
execute use case tests
Both are V&V techniques: integration is for validation, use
case is for verification
29 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
25. How many test cases are needed to achieve 100% decision
coverage?
}
else if (p > q) {
te
}
+
3)
6
5
4
26. What analysis determines which parts of the software have
been executed?
A. Impact analysis,
B. Code coverage
C. Gap analysis
D. Cyclomatic complexity
27. Based on the error guessing test design technique, which of
the following will an experienced tester MOST LIKELY test in
lendar software?
i, First two letters of the month, e.g., MA can represent
March or May
ji, First letter of the day, e.g., T can mean Tuesday or
Thursday
ili, Leap year
iv. Number of days in a month
v. Three-digit days and months
30
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
|, Which input combinations will a knowledgeable tester MOST
LIKELY use to uncover potential errors when testing a
surname field?
Johnson, de la Cruz and Morgan
Go, Stephanopoulous and Venkatsewaran
Smit, Smyth and Smithsonian
O'Brien, Zeta-Jones and Young Pow
Which of the following demonstrates independence in
testing?
Independent testers are external to the organization
Independent testers are part of the development team
Independent testers are from the user community
Programmers who wrote the code serve as independent.
testers
NN. Customers who wrote the requirements serve as
independent testers
zrRY
3, Land N
3,K, Land N
K, Mand N
JL, Mand N
Which of the following is a KEY task of a tester?
Reviewing tests developed by others
Writing a test strategy for the project
Deciding what should be automated
Writing test summary reports
In software testing, what is the MAIN purpose of exit
criteria?
To enhance the security of the system
To prevent endless loops in codes
To serve as an alternative or “Plan B
To define when to stop testing
31 32.
gop>
go> 8
pose
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
Which test approaches or strategies are characterized by the
descriptions below?
Analytical approaches
Model-based approaches
Methodical approaches
Consultative approaches
sen
Relies on guidelines from domain experts
Includes error guessing and fault-attacks
Uses statistical information about failure rates
Focuses on areas of greatest risk
aeNe
$4, 73, U2, V1
St, T2, U3, V4
$2, 73, U1, V4
53, T4, U2, V1
. Which of the following can be used to measure progress
against the exit criteria?
|. Number of test cases that passed or failed
Number of defects found in a unit of code
Dates for milestones and deliverables
Subjective confidence of testers in the product
NXK=E
W, X, Y and Z
w, X and Y
Wand X
W, X and Z
|. What type of risk includes potential failure areas in the
software?
Project risks
Product risks
Economic risks
Requirements risks
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
1, Based on the IEEE Standard for Software Test
Documentation (IEEE Std 829-1998), which sections of th
test incident report should the following details be record:
Sections
8) Test incident report identifier
b) Summary
©) Incident description
d) Impact
Details
Unique identifier
Version level of the test items
Inputs
Expected results
Actual results
Anomalies
Date and time
Seeeene
jb: Zand 7; c: 3, 4 and 5; d: 6
b: 6 and 7; c: 3, 4 and 5; d: 7
jb: 2; ¢: 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
3 1; b: 6 and 7; c: 3, 4and 5
Based on the JEEE Standard for Software Test
Documentation (IEEE Std 829-1998), which of the followi
sections are part of the test summary report?
) Test summary and report identifier
b) Summary
©) Variances
d) Anomalies
) Comprehensive assessment
1) Approvals
a,b, eandf
a,b, c,dandf
a,b,c, e and f
a,b, cand f
ani’ 37.
poe
38.
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
What is the name of a skeletal implementation of a software
‘component that is used for testing?
Use case
Domain
Driver
‘Stub
Which of the following are potential benefits of using test
support tools?
Ensuring greater consistency and minimizing software
project risks
Reducing repetitive work and gaining easy access to test
information
Performing objective assessment and reducing the need for
training
Allowing for greater reliance on the tool to automate the test
process
Which test support tool can be used to enforce coding
standards?
Static analysis tool
Performance testing too!
Test comparator
Test management tool
). What should be considered when introducing a tool into an
organization?
‘Assessing the organizational maturity
Counting the number of systems to be tested
Calculating the ratio between programmers and testers
Reviewing the exit criteria of previous projects
34
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
Correct Answers and Cognitive Levels
A] Ki 2a cfows
D | K2 22| 8 | ki
c [ki 23 [ene
B | k2 24| a | 2
D | Ki 25| > [3
c | k2 26{ 8 | ki
B | ki 27 CAG
B | ki 28{ bd | 3
A | kt 29| BIG
c | K2 30| a | ki
D | K2 3i{ pb [ki
B | ki 32] a [2
po fk 33{ a | k2
A | k2 34{ 7B | KL
A | Kt 5 (CaS.
B | kt 36{ cc | 2
D | K2 37| bd | ki
c | 3 36{B | k2
c | ki 30] a [ki
bd [3 4o[ a | ki
35 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cetfied Tester Foundation Level
|, Which of the problems below BEST characterizes a result of
software failure? (K1)
Damaged reputation
Lack of methodology
Inadequate training
Regulatory compliance
lution
is question is looking for a result of software failure. Lack of
thodology and inadequate training are contributors to
re failure—not results of software failure. Regulatory
pliance can be a consequence of non-faulty software.
refore, only A is the correct answer.
Ais correct.
rence
1B (2007a), p. 11.
7 I
|
|
_
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certed Tester Foundation Level
4}. What is the process of analyzing and removing causes of
failures in software? (K1)
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cetied Tester Foundation Level
2. What should be taken into account to determine when to
stop testing? (K2)
I. Technical risk Validation
II. Business risk Testing
II. Project constraints Debugging
IV. Product documentation Verification |
‘A. Land Il are true; III and IV are false lution
B. His true; 1, Il, and IV are false
C. 1), and IV are true; IIT is false iidation confirms that the software is fit for use. In contrast,
D. I, 11, and I are true; IV is false
Solution finding the cause of the defect, fixing the code, and
ring correct defect resolution. Validation, verification, and
ng all involve some type of analysis hut not the actual
‘Technical and business risks are important factors when deciding
al of failures.
to stop testing. Likewise, project constraints (scope, time, and
cot recy uence he gate deion, Pret
documentation is somewhat Vagué and out of context relative to jer Cis correct.
the question.
Answer D is considered correct.
8 (2007a), p. 13 and ISTQB (2007), pp. 13, 34 & 35.
Reference
ISTQB (20072), p. 12.
38 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cetifed Tester Foundation Level
4.) Which general testing principles are characterized by the
7 descriptions below? (K2)
W. Early testing repgaund puper
X. Defect clustering
Y. Pesticide paradox 2.2
Z._Absence-of-errors fallacy 21a!) vale lon
‘Testing should start at the beginning of the project
Conformance to requirements and fitness for use
‘Small number of modules contain the most defects
. Test cases must be regularly reviewed and revised
Bune
A. WA, x2, ¥3, and 24
B. W4, X3, ¥4, and 22
C. W2,X3, YI, and 24
D. WL, x4, Y2, and Z3
Solution
‘As the principle implies, early testing (WW) involves starting
testing at the start of the project (1) by reviewing requirements,
checking the design, and performing code walkthroughs—not
toward the end of the software development life cycle when
defects are more difficult and expensive to fix.
Defect clustering (X) indicates how most of the defects (3) can
be attributed to very small units or modules of code.
‘The pesticide paradox (¥) states that running the same tests will
eventually reach a point where no new defects will be found,
Given this, test cases must be regularly reviewed and revised so
that new defects can be uncovered (4).
Lastly, the absence-of-errors fallacy (Z) highlights the
importance of ensuring that the software is fit for its intended
use—even after determining that the software conformed to the
requirements (2).
‘Answer B is correct.
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certifed Tester Foundation Level
Reference
(QB (2007a), p. 14. ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cerifed Tester Foundation Level
‘Which of the following MAIN activities is part of the
fundamental test process? (K1)
Initiating and planning
Documenting root causes
Capturing lessons learned
Planning and control
poED>
Solution
The fundamental test process activities are:
* planning and control,
+ analysis and design,
+ implementation and execution,
+ evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and
+ test closure activities.
Documenting root causes and capturing lessons leamed are
detailed activities (not MAIN activities) and therefore B and C
an be eliminated as correct options, Options A and D both
include planning, which is a fundamental test process, After
Planning, the test process requires ongoing tracking and
reporting. Because initiating is a one-time event, D is a superior
choice to A,
‘Answer D is considered correct.
References
ISTQB (2007a), p. 15 and logic.
42
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTO Certified Tester Foundation Level
| Which of the following are MAJOR test implementation and
‘execution tasks? (K2)
1. Repeating test activities
IL. Creating test suites
IL, Reporting discrepancies
IV. Logging the outcome
V. Analyzing lessons learned
1, 11, and IV
1,11, 1V, and Vv
1, 11, 111, and IV
111, 1V, and V
(20072), p. 16.
43 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Catifed Tester Foundation Level
7. What principle is BEST described when test designs are
written by a third party? (K1)
‘Some Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
Which test levels are USUALLY included in the common type
‘of V-model? (K1)
Exploratory testing Integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and
Independent testing fegression testing
Integration testing mponent testing, integration testing, system
._ Interoperability testing
Incremental testing, exhaustive testing, exploratory testing,
\/ data driven testing
ipha testing, beta testing, black-box testing, and white-box
Solution
Exploratory testing uses insights gained while testing to create
new and improved test cases.
in
Independent testing ensures that someone other than the
author of software tests it for defects so that an independent
hand side of the V-model, from top to bottom, generally
party can find problems overlooked by the author.
defining the busi
ning the system, and building the system. The right-hand
ym bottom to top, comprises four common test levels:
nent (unit) testing, integration testing, systems testing,
tance testing. These are the test levels included in key
Integration testing exposes defects in the interfaces and
interactions between components.
Interoperability testing checks the capability of the system when
it interacts with other components or systems.
pect to the VAV concept (verification and validation), the
‘Answer B is correct. Ind side of the V-model is often associated with the
ion process or static testing (conformance to
nts), and it involves walkthroughs, reviews, and
jons. The right-hand side of the V-model generally
ISTQB (20072), p. 17 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 16 & 19. to the validation process or dynamic testing (fitness for
45 ‘sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cetiied Tester Foundation Level ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
What test can be conducted for off-the-shelf software to get
market feedback? (K1)
eta testing
Usability testing
Apha testing
OTS testing
ion
lity testing determines how users will earn and use the
\. Technically,
Beta testing Serves 25 an external test or OF EEE ‘external test for off-the-shelf
re. Although alpha testing also can be used for off
‘software, itis generally implemented for internal
tance purposes. Fven though beta and usability testing are
‘A thorough understanding of the V-mode! will help you answer jal answers, beta testing is the superior choice by
several questions in the exam. Given that there are four choices
per question, you have a 25% chance of answering 2 question
Correctly through a random guess. If you go back to question 3,
‘jou can eliminate the verification and validation choices based
‘on your knowledge of the V-model. Using the process of oo
Gtimination, two choices would have been eliminated, thus,
tncreasing the likelihood of answering the question correctly
trom 25% tw 50%.
(20072), p. 22 and ISTQB (2007b), pp: 7, 8 & 35.
Answer B is correct.
References
ISTQB (2007a), p. 20 and experience.
7 Sample sam Questions: 15TQS Catied Tester Foundation Level
10. Who OFTEN performs system testing and acceptance
testing, respectively? (K2)
‘A. Senior programmers and professional testers
B. Technical system testers and potential customers
. Independent test team and users of the system
D. Development team and customers of the system
Solution
Although this question looks like a K1 type of question, itis
really a K2 type of question because it requires you to know two
distinct responsibilities: system testing and acceptance testing.
Independent test teams conduct system testing, and
_automers/ users uf system Peron ovepenhen tasting.
Answer C is correct.
Reference
ISTQB (2007a), p. 23.
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
||, What is the key difference between (a) contract and
‘egulation acceptance testing and (b) alpha and beta
testing? (K2)
(a) are performed outside the company and (b) are
‘conducted by the test team
(a) are conducted by regulators and (b) are performed by
‘system administrators
(0) are mandatory test for government applications and
(b) are usually optional
(a) are for custom-developed software and (b) are
for off-the-shelf software
\s another example of a difficult K2 type of question. You
to know four concepts: two types of acceptance testing
fact and regulation) and two types of off-the-shelf testing
review of the response options will help eliminate A, B,
C. The term “test team” makes choice A incorrect because
‘alpha and beta testing are performed by potential.
mers. Likewise, "system administrators” make choice B
The first portion (a) of choice C is incorrect because
(20072), p. 24 and logic. ‘Semple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
12. Which test measures the system at or beyond the limits of
its specified requirements? (K1)
‘Somple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
| Which test ensures that modifications did not introduce new
Jroblems? (Ki)
‘A. Structural testing
B. Stress testing
. Error guessing ictural testing
D._ Blackbox testing
Solution
‘Structural testing is synonymous with white-box testing and
testing evaluates the system at or beyond the limits of its
rel i internal structure of a component.
requirements.
Stress testing evaluates the system at or beyond the limits of it
Tequirements.
x testing derives test cases based on analysis of the
tions.
Error guessing relies on the tester’s experience to anticipate
potential defects and would therefore involve designing tests to
Specifically expose those defects.
fal testing is synonymous with white-box testing and
the analysis of the internal structure of a component.
mn testing ensures that no new problems were
Blackbox testing derives test cases based on analysis of the in the unchanged portion of the software.
‘specifications.
Dis correct.
‘Answer Bis correct.
es
References
(2007a), pp. 25-26 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 8, 25, & 29.
ISTQB (2007a), p. 25 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 8, 16, & 29,
st ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Ceti Tester Foundation Level Simple Exam Questons: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
14, Which typical defects are easier to find using static instead
11,0 formal review, who is primarily responsible for the
of dynamic testing? (K2)
Wocuiments to be reviewed? (k1)
L._ Deviation from standards ior
M. Requirements defects wager
N. Insufficient maintainability jerator
0. Incorrect interface specifications lewers
A. L,M,N, and 0
B. Land N|
C LN, and fe five roles and responsibilities in a formal review:
D. LM, and N
ynager—-plans the review,
Solution rator—leads the review,
owns the artifacts to be reviewed,
‘This question can be answered using the concepts from the V- ewer—performs the actual review, and
‘model, specifically, the left-hand side of the V (static testing / lbe—documents the results.
verification / conformance to requirements). There is no need
the actual execution of the code (dynamic testing / validation /
fitness for use). All ofthe statements L to O deal with defect
prevention—artifacts that can be checked even before the first
line of code is written.
(2007), p. 30
Answer A is correct.
Reference
ISTQB (2007a), p. 29.
53 ation Level
‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Found
16. Who typically use static analysis tools? (K1) Bi spe of ing texting Yocy bap
K2)
‘A. Customers and users a
B. Developers and designers infiguration management and test ate ration
C._ Business and systems analysts case specification and change control
D. System and acceptance testers it condition and test procedure specification
pact analysis and requirements coverage
Solution
‘Take note that the question asks for static analysis tools. Do
confuse the term with static testing, Static analysis tools are | sanaigbe ibrar een
arrive at the correct answer,
genera se for hocking the coder sais Standort Gt (rte th wort a) st be cane Frere, a
tomer ve nothing to d ‘re plausible answers. However, option D is more
progeny oer So aaah ,2ssing, which makes it superior to the other three
the higher level of the right-hand side of the V-model. Thus,
‘answers A, C, and D can be eliminated as valid choices,
Dis considered correct.
‘Answer B is correct.
Refe es
ca (2007a), p. 36; ISTQB (2007b), p. 35; and logic.
ISTQB (2007a), p. 33. ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Ceried Tester Foundation Level
18. Features to be tested, approach, item pass/fail criteria, and
test deliverables should be specified in which document?
(K3)
Simple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certied Tester Foundation Level
| Which test technique is based on requirements
specifications? (K1)
‘White-box technique
‘A. Test case specification ymponent testing
B. Test procedure specification lack-box technique
C. Test plan driven testing
D. Test design specification
Solution
This K3 type of question requires not only familiarization with lues. In contrast, the syllabus treats specification-based or
but also application of JEEE Standard for Software Test
Documentation (IEEE Std 829-1998). Sections of test plan 2
include: nent testing involves testing an individual hardware or
fe unit, component, or module.
a) Test plan identifier
b) Introduction
©) Test items
) Features to be tested
€) Features not to be tested
f) Approach
19) Item pass/fail criteria
h) Suspension criteria and resumption requirements
i) Test deliverables
J) Testing tasks
k)_Environmental needs
|) Responsibilities
m) Staffing and training needs
1n) Schedule
0). Risks and contingencies
P) Approvals
‘Answer Cis correct.
ven testing is a scripting technique which generally
execution of capture or playback tools.
Cis correct.
\ces
(20072), p. 37; ISTQB (2007b), pp. 11 & 13; and IEEE
12-1980 (R2002) (2002), p. 14.
References
ISTQB (2007a), p. 36 and IEEE (1998), p. 3.
7 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQS Certified Tester Foundation Level Sample Exam Questons: ISTQ® Certined Tester Foundation Level
20} Which test design techniques should a tester use,
‘respectively, to achieve the following: (a) check the
documented features of the system, (b) ensure 100%
Gecision coverage, and (c) detect likely defects and
distribution? (K3)
driven testing is a scripting technique which generally
ts execution of capture or playback tools, so choice A can
liminated. The key term “likely” insinuates prior experience,
“exploratory” requires a tester to “explore” first and
adjust the test design based on the knowledge gained as
(of the exploration. With regard to choice B, branch
‘A. Specifcation-based, data driven testing, and defect density
techniques
B. Specification-based, branch coverage, and exploratory
techniques
CC. Structure-based, equivalence partitioning, and exploratory
techniques
D. Specification-based, structure-based, and
experience-based techniques
ences
18 (2007a), p. 37; ISTQB (2007b), pp. 13-14 & 16; and
Solution ‘
‘Although presented in a K1 question format with the complexity
of & K2, this question is really a K3 because it deals with
practical application of multiple concepts.
Specification-based techniques create test cases from models
(Specifications) of the software.
Structure-based techniques derive test cases from the internal
~rchitecture (structure) of the software, thus allowing for
‘coverage measurement.
Experience-based techniques generate test cases based on
previous knowledge of the software. The term “likely” indicates
prior knowledge of the system.
tis also possible to answer the question using the process of
elimination. Choice C can be eliminated because structure-based
techniques rely on the internal architecture (structure) of the
Software. To simplify the choices, ignore "specification-based”
because it is common to choices A, B, and D anyway. ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certied Tester Foundation Level ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certed Tester Foundation Level
21. What technique captures system requirements that contain rence
logical conditions? (K1)
8 (2007a), p. 38.
‘A. Boundary value
B. Equivalence partition
©. Decision table
D. State transition
Solution
‘An equivalence partition is a set of input or output values that
will be processed similarly by the system. For example, ages 13,
to 19 years old are valid values fora teenager equivalence
Partition. Values less than 13 (too young) and values more than
19 years old (too old) belong to invalid teenager equivalence
partitions.
Boundary values are the minimum and maximum values of an
equivalence partition. Following the example above, 13 years old
is the minimum boundary value and 19 years old is the
‘maximum boundary value for the valid teenager equivalence
partition.
Decision table testing identifies conditions and actions of the
system. For example, an insurance application will perform a
Certain action (offer or decline coverage) based on the client's
conditions (age, gender, driving history, etc.). Such conditions
will be documented in a table to depict various combinations of
‘conditions and the associated actions (calculations of premiums
rior to offering or dectining insurance coverage).
State transition testing focuses on how states (status or
Condition) transition from one status to the next depending on
events and history. For example, individuals may go through
several states such as single, married, separated, divorced, and
widowed,
Answer Cis correct. ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cerifed Tester Foundation Level
22. Input and output combinations that will be treated the sa
vay by the system can be tested using which technique?
(K1)
Sommple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certied Tester Foundation Level
| Which test suite will check for an invalid transition using the
dlagram below? (K3)
‘A. Boundary value
B. Equivalence partition
C. Decision table
D. State transition
Solution
Please refer to the solution text of question 21.
Answer B is correct.
Reference
ISTQB (20072), p. 38.
0-Si-s2-$3-S1-s4
0 -S1-S4~Si-S2-$3
0-S1-S3-si-s2-s1
) - SL-S2-S3-S1-S2
transition diagrams are depicted using several variations. A
(or oval, square, rectangle, etc.) generally represents @
. An arrow (or a line) shows the transition from one state to
Next. Sometimes, arrows are labeled (by an event) to show
8 state transitions to the next state. For example, a death
pouse (event) may be used as the label for an arrow to
how the event triggered the transition from married to
ed status.
ly review each potential answer to determine ifthe states
transitions are valid based on the state transition diagram.
ote that the question above was looking for invalid
ions—there were two of such kind in choice C (S1 to $3
ed S2, and S2 to $1). The diagram states that $2 cannot
ition to S1, but in reality that transition can be made.
er Cis correct. ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
Reference
ISTQB (2007a), p. 38.
Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certned Tester Foundation Level
|, How are integration testing and use case testing similar and
dissimilar? (K2)
Both checks for interactions: integration for
‘components, use case for actors
Both are black-box techniques: integration is low-level, use
‘ase is high-level
Both are static testing: developers perform integration, users
execute use case tests
Both are V&V techniques: integration is for validation, use
Case is for verification
process of elimination can be effective when answering
I questions that require comparing and contrasting two
s, ideas, or techniques. Choice B can
ise Seeesration teste ane ea es ae aa ee
ure ofthe codes, thus, a white-box techni
the V-model, static techniques are on the left-hand side of
(verification), which includes walkthroughs, reviews, and
lions. Given this, choice C can be eliminated.
Disa plausible answer. However, the V-model,
ically the right-hand side (validation), makes the statement.
for use case testing. Note that use case in and of itself
case testing) can be used for verification purposes
ing requirements). The question stem asks for use case
and not just use case,
(2007a), pp. 22 & 39.
65 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
| What analysis determines which parts of the software have
Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cetiied Tester Foundation Level
25; How many test cases are needed to achieve 100% decision
coverage? (K3) been executed? (ki)
if (wea ( Impact analysis
ete tt Code coverage
HOLES) Gop analysis
ae Cyclomatic complexity
} else if (p> q) ¢
eo 5;
>
of required changes prior to
a3
B 6
4 analyzes which pats ofthe code have been
Solution
‘analysis serves as a plausible distracter. However, the term
rentioned labus or the glossary.
Remember that decision coverage is tronger than statement ” Bea
SSverage: 100% decision coverage guarantees 100% statement
In the question above, two test cases will ensure 100%
statement coverage (all statements or lines of codes will be
executed),
+ p=qands<5
(20072), p. 40 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 10, 12, & 18.
+ p>q
To achieve 100% decision coverage, all decisions in the code
Imust Be tested. AS such, two additional test cases are needed,
+ p=qands>=5
* p
You might also like
