‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level ). What should be considered wi i organization? (K1) ‘when introducing a tool into an A. Assessing the organizational maturit Counting the number of systems to be tested Calculating the ratio between programmers and testers Reviewing the exit criteria of previous projects Solution Key principles of introducing a tool into an organization include: assessing the maturity ofthe organization, evaluating against objective requirements and criteria, Conducting proof-of-concept tests to ascertain suitabilty, evaluating the vendor from various perspectives, and.” identifying internal training and coaching needs, Answer A is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 64. Chapter 4: Practice Questions B pope poe Which factors contribute to humans making mistakes that can lead to faulty software? 1. Setting aggressive schedule II, Integrating complex systems IIL. Allocating adequate resources 1V. Failing to control changes. Land I] are true; I1l and IV are false Tand IV are true; I and III are false I, Tland IV are true; III is false 1, I and III are true; IV is false How can software defects in future projects be prevented from reoccurring? Creating documentation procedures and alvcating resource contingencies ‘Asking programmers to perform a thorough and independent. testing Combining levels of testing and mandating inspections of all documents Documenting lessons learned and determining the root ‘cause of problems Which of the following are USUALLY statedas testing objectives? 1. Finding defects in the software TL. Reducing maintenance costs IIL. Confirming that the system works IV. Assessing the quality of the software V. Meeting schedule milestones Land II 1, IIL, and IV IL, IV, and V . Ul and Iv9OR> 2 SOB> 4H One> poe> Sample Exam Question: ISTOB Corie! Tester Foundation Level |. Which test approach uses all comb'!"ations of input values and precontitions? ‘Component testing Error guessing Keyword diiven testing . Exhaustive testing Which of the following is a KEY test Control task? Initiating cerrective actions Determining the scope . Implementing the test policy ‘Scheduling test implementation Which of the following is a MAJOR ¢SK When evaluating the exit criteria? Creating test Suites and cases for efficient execution Writing a test summary report for stakeholders Handing the testware to the maintel™2nce organization Identifying any required infrastructu® 24 tools ‘What principles do “avoiding author bias” and “communicating problems construct V@lY" represent? Preventive testing and reactive testi’ Experience-pased testing and interoPe"@bility testing Independent testing and good interp°"S0n@! skills Criticism avoidance and effective rej*Honships Which test ray OPTIONALLY be incH“ed in the common type of the V-model? Component (unit) testing ‘Acceptance resting ‘System integration testing Validation ard verification 24 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 9, What is the difference between component testing and integration testing? ‘A. Component testing tests interfaces; integration testing searches for defects B. Component testing searches for defects; integration testing tests interfaces C. Developers perform component testing; testers perform integration testing D, Testers perform component testing; users perform integration testing r 110, Which test investigates both functional and non-functional system requirements? A. Alpha testing B, System testing C. Acceptance testing D. Confirmation testing 111. Which of the following can be tested as part of operational testing? ‘A. Component interaction B. Probe effect C._ State transition D. Disaster recovery 412. What is the KEY difference between black-box and white-box testing? A. Black-box is functional; white-box is structural B. Black-box is functional; white-box is non-functional CC. Black-box has a wider statement coverage than white-box D._ Black-box can only be performed after white-box 85‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certined Tester Foundation Level 13, Which tes is usually run many times and generally evolve slowiy? Performance testing Stress testing Reliability testing Regression testing pomp 14. Which defects are OFTEN much cheaper to remove? Usability defects found by customers Defects in infrequently used functionality Defects that were detected early .. Minor defects that were found by ers pomp 15. Which statements correctly describe certain phases of a formal review? ‘A. Looking for defects occurs during kick-off phase Fixing defects found happens during rework phase 8. Personnel selection occurs during planning phase Gathering metrics happens during the review meeting phaS® C. Distributing documents occurs during the planning phase Personal review happens during individual preparation phaS® . Personnel selection occurs during planning phase Fixing defects found happens during rework phase 416. Which defect can typically be discovered using a static analysis tool? Inconsistencies in numerical calculations Programming standards violations. Problems related to system usability Internal and external system reliability pom 7 poe ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level What consists of a set of input values, execution preconditions and expected results? Test script Test procedure specification Test case Test data . Which documents specify features to be tested, approach, and pass/fail criteria? ‘Test plan and test design specification ‘Test plan and test case specification ‘Test procedure specification and test design specification ‘Test case specification and test procedure specification Which technique is appropriate to test changes on old and undocumented functionalities of a system? Specification-based technique Black-box technique White-box technique Data driven testing technique Which test design technique relies heavily on prior thorough knowledge of the system? Data driven testing technique ( Experience-based technique 4 White-box technique . Structure-based technique . Which set of test data demonstrates equivalence partitioning to check whether a customer is a teenager or not? 10, 15 and 19 years 13, 19 and 25 years 13, 16 and 19 years 12, 13 and 20 years‘Sampe Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 22. What technique would be MOST appropriate to check status A B cc D. 2. changes based on certain events? State transition Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis Decision table Using the diagram below, which test suite will check valid state transitions using the LEAST effort? ss" AYE ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 24. Using the diagram below, which test suite will uncover, invalid state transitions for employee status reporting “software? ‘A. Prospective — Active ~ Resigned ~ Active - Terminated - Purged ; B. Prospective — Active - On Leave — Active Resigned ~ Retired CC. Prospective ~ Active ~ Retired ~ Active ~ On Leave - Purged D. Prospective ~ Active - On Leave ~ Active ~ Retired ~ Active 25. Which of the following assertions about code coverage are correct? A. Statement coverage usually requires more test case suites B. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage C. 100% decision coverage implies 100% statement coverage D. Decision tables cannot be used to list statement coverage values 89‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certted Tester Foundation Level 26. How many test cases are needed to achieve 100% statement coverage? if “((temperatire < 0) or (temperature > 100)) { alert (“DANGER”); if ((speed > 100) and (load <= 50)) { , tpeed = 507 else { check = false; y » 5 4 3 3 poe . Using an error guessing test design technique to convert temperature (Celsius to Fahrenheit, and Fahrenheit to Celsius), experienced testers will MOST LIKELY use which set of test data? “1, 0, 89.6 and 212 -40, 37.78, and 100 “1, 0, Land 37.78 -40, 0, 32 and 100 pO@> 28, By creating future tests based on the results of previous tests, a tester is demonstrating what type of informal test design technique? Security testing ‘Non-functional testing Exploratory testing Interoperability testing poe> 29. pos> poe ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Which of the following are potential drawbacks of Independence in testing? 01. Independent testers may feel they are not part of the development team 02, Developers may lose a sense of personal responsibility for quality 03. Project managers will not have as much control on the project (04. Customers may end up requesting features that are technically impossible 01 and 02 . 01, 02 and 03, 03 and 04 01, 02, 03 and 04 Which tasks are performed by a test leader versus a tester? Writing a project test strategy Selecting tools to support testing Preparing and acquiring data Scheduling tests 38. Which of the following is a potential risk in using test support tools? ‘A. Underestimating the effort needed to maintain the test assets B. Losing access to important testing information when needed C._ Relying too much on qualitative and quantitative assessments . Lowering the morale of the test team because of repetition 39. How are (a) static analysis tools and (b) performance testing tools different? ‘A. (a) helps in enforcing coding standards; (b) tests system Performance B. (a) analyzes security vulnerabilities; (b) measures the effectiveness of test cases C. (@) prepares codes prior to testing; (b) prepares codes prior to stress testing D. (a) highlights unreachable conditions; (b) improves system Performance ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Teste Foundation Level |. Which of the following is when introducing a test support tool into an organization? Measuring the satisfaction of management for staying within ‘Assessing whether the benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost Receiving compliments from the users on the aesthetic spects of the tool ; - Reducing the amount of overtime need to finish the project on time 95‘Semple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Correct Answers and Cognitive Levels Pape re) Zito [4 2 oa zt aT KL Bl i@ 23] a [3 4{-0 TK 24[ 6 | 13 3[a [Kt 25{-c¢_| «2 6] 8 | Kt 26] -¢ {13 7]-c¢ Te 27 [> P+ alc TK 28] -¢ | Ki 9|B [Ke 2a [Ke i0|-B | 1 30] 6B | 3 itp | xt 31[ A Ki 12a] Kz 32a | Kt a3] 0 [Ki 33] 68 | wfc [Kt 34/0 [3 45) D | 2 35[c 1 16 |B | Ki 36.0 | Ki vic [kt 37, Ta 18 A] 2 38] A [Ki [19 [cs 39a Le 20[-8 | KL 40] 68 | Ki 96 Chapter 5: Practice Solutions B_ 1. Which factors contribute to humans making mistakes that can lead to faulty software? (K2) 1. Setting an aggressive schedule Integrating complex systems IML. Allocating adequate resources 1V. Failing to control changes ‘A. Land Il are true; III and IV are false B. ILand IV are true; I and Ill are false . 1,11, and IV are true; IT is false D. 1, Il, and Ill are true; IVs false Solution “The factors that contribute to humans making mistakes that can lead to faulty software include: aggressive timeline, inadequate resources, complicated code, complex infrastructure, rapid technological changes, ‘multiple interdependencies, environmental conditions (radiation, pollution, etc.), and lack of change management process. Answer C is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 11. 7‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 2. How can software defects in future projects be prevented from reoccurring? (K1) ‘A. Creating documentation procedures and allocating resource ‘contingencies 8. Asking programmers to perform a thorough and independent, testing C. Combining levels of testing and mandating inspections of all documents D. Documenting lessons learned and determining the Foot cause of problems Solution Watch out for the word AND in most choice options—both sides must be correct. For choice A, the first portion is correct but the ‘second portion indirectly addresses the question, Choice B is ‘somewhat contradictory. It wil be difficult for persons who wrote the code (programmers) to be objective when testing their own code. Combining levels of testing (for example, combining system testing and acceptance testing) is generally not Fecommended because each test level has its own set of unique test objectives. Answer D is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), p. 12 and experience. ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certfied Tester Foundation Level 3. Which of the following are USUALLY stated as testing objectives? (K2) 1. Finding defects in the software ITI, Reducing maintenance costs IIL. Confirming that the system works IV. Assessing the quality of the software V. Meeting schedule milestones A. Land IL B. 1,111, and Iv C. 1, Ny, andV . D. MlandIv Solution objectives include firing defects, dairing. canine aba the aly af sofware an reverting defects just tone ipRomene Statement Ls a valid test objective; iowever, statement Il is included only in choices Rand. Choe A Te ecause statements IIT and 1V were not \_ listed. Likewise, choice D is missing statements Tand I. In contrast, choice C includes statement V, which is more S appropriate asa project obectve Instead of atest objective. ‘Although choice B is incomplete, itis more accurate than Aand D. Answer B is considered correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 13.‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certifed Tester Foundation Level 4. Which test approach uses all combinations of input values and preconditions? (K1) Component testing Error guessing Keyword driven testing . Exhaustive testing pos» Solution ‘Component testing involves testing an individual hardware or software unit, component, or module. Error guessing relies on the tester’s experience to anticipate potential defects and would therefore involve designing tests to specifically expose those defects, Keyword driven testing is a scripting technique which uses data files that contain test data, expected results, and application- Specific keywords. Control scripts call special supporting scripts to interpret the keywords. Exhaustive testing (complete testing) tests all combinations of input values and preconditions, ‘Answer D is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), p. 14 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 11, 16, & 20, 100 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQS Cettfied Tester Foundation Level 5. Which of the following is a KEY test control task? (K1) ‘A. Initiating corrective actions B, Determining the scope C. Implementing the test policy D.. Scheduling test implementation Solution ‘The fundamental test control tasks are: measuring and analyzing results, monitoring and documenting progress, ensuring proper test coverage, adhering to the exit criteria, initiating corrective actions, and making decisions. i icy, and Determining the scope, implementing the test pol ‘scheduling test implementation are all test planning tasks. Answer Ais correct, References ISTQB (2007a), p. 15 and experience. 101‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 6. Which ofthe folowing is 2 MADOR task wi exit criteria? (K1) en evaluating the ‘A. Creating test suites and cases for efficient execution B. Writing a test summary report for stakeholders C. Handing the testware to the maintenance organization D. Identifying any required infrastructure and tools Solution The following are the major tasks involved in evaluating the exit criteria: * checking test logs against the exit criteria speci 7 eecricleed specified in the * assessing if more tests are needed or if the exit criteri specified should be changed, and _—e * writing a test summary report for stakeholders. Response options A, C,and.D are tasks in test iy a plementation ‘and execution, test closure activities, and test analysi design, respectively, matiss and Answer B is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), p. 16. 102 Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certied Tester Foundation Level ‘What principles do “avoiding author bias” and “communicating problems constructively” represent? (K2) Preventive testing and reactive testing Experience-based testing and interoperability testing Independent testing and good interpersonal skills, Criticism avoidance and effective relationships one> Solution ‘The process of elimination can help narrow down the answer for this question, For example, "reactive testing” in response option ‘Aand “interoperability testing” in response option B have nothing to do with "communicating problems constructively." Response options C and D are both reasonable answers. However, "avoiding author bias" means separation of dut independence) between the author (programmer) and the reviewer (fester). Answer C is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 17. 103‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 8. Which test may OPTIONALLY be included in th type of the V-model? (K1) “commen Component (unit) testing Acceptance testing System integration testing Validation and verification poe Solution ‘The common levels of testing include unit, integrat ° fe tion, system, and acceptance testing. Response options A and B are normally induded in the V-model and therefore cannot be considered as optional. Response option D deals more with both sides of the V- a System integration testing isa hybrid of integration system testing—an "uncommon" making it a plausible answer, eae Answer C is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 20. 104 ‘Semple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certfed Tester Foundation Level 9. What is the difference between component testing and integration testing? (K2) ‘A. Component testing tests interfaces; integration testing searches for defects B. Component testing searches for defects; integration testing tests interfaces Developers perform component testing; testers perform integration testing D. Testers perform component testing; users perform integration testing Solution ‘Component testing is defined as the process of searching for defects in, and verifying the functions of, software units (i.e., modules, programs, objects, classes, etc.) individually. Typically, ‘component testing is done by the developer or programmer. Integration testing is defined as the process of testing the interface between components. Here the components are ‘combined and tested as a group to verify if each component is Interfacing and/or interacting correctly. This test can be. performed by either developers or testers. Answer B is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 22. 105Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certifed Tester Foundation Level 10. Which test investigates both functional and non-functional system requirements? (K1) A. Alpha testing B. System testing C. Acceptance testing D. Confirmation testing Solution Alpha testing is defined as a simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or an independent test team at the developers’ site, but outside the development organization. Alpha testing is often employed for off-the-shelf software as a form of internal acceptance testing, Systm testing is defined as the process of testing the whole system to verify if it meets the specified requirements and behaves as defined by the scope of a development project. It investigates both functional and non-functional requirements of the system. ‘Acceptance testing is defined as the process of testing with respect to the users’ or customer's requirements and interests. It investigates whether or not the system satisfies the acceptance criteria and enables the user, customer’ or other authorized entity to determine whether or not to accept the system. Confirmation testing or re-testing is defined as running the test ‘cases that failed the last time they were run so as to verify the success of corrective actions or fixes that were made. Answer B is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), p. 23 and ISTQB (2007), pp. 6-7, 12, & 29. 106 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Lev 11. Which of the following can be tested as part of operational testing? (K1) ‘A. Component interaction B. Probe effect C. State transition D, Disaster recovery testing of backup/restore, disaster recovery, user management, maintenance tasks, and : periodic checks of security vulnerabilities. Response options A, B, and C are part of component testing and/or integration testing. ‘Answer D is correct: Reference ISTQB (20072), P. 24. 107‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cetied Tester Foundation Level 12. What is the KEY difference between black-box and white-box testing? (K2) Black-box is functional; white-box is structural Black-box is functional; white-box is non-functional Biack-box has a wider statement coverage than white-box Black-box can be performed only after white-box pop Solution Black-box testing is a testing technique whereby the internal structure of the component or system being tested is not known by the tester. _ These testscan_be functional or nonfunctional and are applicable to all levels of software testing: ‘ ‘unit/component, integration, functional, em, and acceptance parts of the specification, it does not guarantee that all existent paths are tested, White-box testing is a testing technique that allows tester to “peek inside the "box." It focuses specifically on using the internal structure of the component or system being tested. ‘Tests generated based on this technique incorporate coverage of the written code, branches, paths, statements, and internal logic Of the code. A careful review of the response options will help eliminate B, C, and D. Black-box testing can be functional or non-functional, making response option B incorrect. Response option C is incorrect as well since it is the white-box testing that goes through every code statement and all branches and paths. By doing so, it has wider statement coverage. There is no order as ‘to which test technique should be performed first. The word “only” in response option D makes it incorrect. Answer A is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 25. 108 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 13. Which test is usually run many times and generally evolve slowly? (K1) |A, Performance testing B, Stress testing C._ Reliability testing D. Regression testing Solution determine ce a type of Fan ae or sion) the sytem performs under an acceptable ‘workload, Its purpose is to define and identify bottienecks in the system. is uate the Stress testing is a type of testing performed to eval stability of a system. It involves testing the system at or beyond its operational capacity or specified requirements. Reliability testing is a type of testing performed to determine if a system can continue running significant load for an extended period of time or for an extended number of operations. Ci to ensure that ression testing is a type of testing performed defects were not oduced 2 prevosiy tested system ater it was modified or changed, Itis. time ifonment has changed and generally evolves ‘slowly. — ‘Answer D is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), pp. 25-26 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 23, 25, & 29. 109‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Leve! ‘+4 Which defects are OFTEN much cheaper to remove? (K1) Usability defects found by custo Defects in infrequently used function inctio Defects that were detected early” Minor defects that were found by users Solution pomp Key opton Cfo the jected Principle that defects det peep) lees expensive to fix. Conversely, defects fan’ ae lta stge ofthe software development it ye req o mere Indepth analy and therfore east mre. Response optons& els ie eaten. Just because the functionality in indicate that it will be cheaper om thst ‘Answer Cis correct. Reference ISTQB (20078), p. 29. 110 15. ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTOB Cetied Tester Foundation Level Which statements correctly describe certain phases of a formal review? (K2) Looking for defects occurs during the kick-off phase Fixing defects found happens during the rework phase Personnel selection occurs during the planning phase Gathering metrics happens during the review meeting phase Distributing documents occurs during the planning phase Personal review happens during the individual preparation phase Personnel selection occurs during the planning phase Fixing defects found happens'during the rework phase Solution “The tasks for each main phase of a formal review are as follows: Planning Phase © select personnel, © allocate roles, ©. define entry and ext criteria, and ‘© select which parts of documents to look at. Kick-off Phase © distribute documents, © explain objectives, process, and documents to participants, and check entry criteria. Individual Preparation Phase ‘© note potential defects, questions, and comments. Review Meeting Phase © log defects, © produce recommendations for handling defects, and ‘© make decisions about the defects. Rework Phase o _ fix defects. Follow-up Phase ‘0 check that defects have been addressed or resolved, 0 gather metrics, and ‘0 check or verify on exit criteria. utSample Exam we Exam Questions: ISTQB Cortifed Tester Foundation Level Answer D is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 30. 2 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level +16, Which defect can typically be discovered using a static analysis tool? (K1) A. Inconsistencies in numerical calculations B. Programming standards violations C._ Problems related to system usability D. Internal and external system reliability Solution Static analysis tools are tools used to analyze requirements or source code and identify mistakes or errors. They do not require that you execute the system under analysis. A review of the response options will help eliminate A, C, and D. ‘These response options will require you to run or execute the system for them to be discovered, thus making response option B the viable answer. 2 ‘Answer B is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), P. 33. 13‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 17. What consists of a set of input values, execution Preconditions, and expected results? (K1) A. Test script B, Test procedure specification C. Test case D. Test data Solution Test script is defined as the detailed instructi ions for the execution and evaluation of results for a given test case. It defines the actions and pass/fail criteria, Test procedure specification is defined a: contains the test script. eee Test case is defined as a set of test data (or input values), Scripts (or execution conditions), and expected resis developed for the purpose of verifying.one or more system requirements. Test data is defined as a set of data (exist 5 ing or new) used for testing new or revised systems or parts of the oe Answer C is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), p. 36 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 30-31 & 33-34, 4 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cerifed Tester Foundation Level 18. Which documents specify features to be tested, approach, and pass/fail criteria? (K2) A. Test plan and test design specification B. Test plan and test case specification CC. Test procedure specification and test design specification D. Test case specification and test procedure specification Solution ‘Test case specification is a document that contains a set of test “Gases which specifies the input valués, expected results, and ~~ « “execution conditions foratestitem.———SSSSCSCS*~S~S~S execution conditions for a te Test Js a document that contains the test coneitions or coverage items for a test item, Likewise, it specifies the refine st approach, high level test cases, and pass/fail criteria, : ‘Test plan is a record of the test planning process. It is a document that describes the detail of the testing effort. These details consist of scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities. Also, It identifies the test items (Including the pass/fail criteria), features to be tested, the testing tasks, who ‘will be responsible for each task, and any risks that necessitate contingency planning. ‘Test procedure specification is a document that describes how a tester will run a test. It specifies the sequence of actions or steps to be taken by the tester in order to execute the test. Test procedure specification is also known as test script or manual test script ‘Answer A is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), p. 36 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 30-33. us‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cert Tester Foundation Level ’. Which technique is appropriate to test chan undocumented funclonalie ofa sytem? (GS) ‘A. Specification-based technique 8. Black-box technique C. White-box technique D. Data driven testing technique This isan example ofa question th swe at can be best usa the process of iminaton Speiealy, specication based Inique and black-box technique are syne c eliminated as potential answers because there should be one use there sh Saysacenieeraae eee locuments test inputs and expected resus Tor automated oF ‘Answer Cis correct. References ISTQB (20072), p. 37 and ISTQB (2007b), p. 13. 16 Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 20. Which test design technique relies heavily on prior thorough knowledge of the system? (K1) A. Data driven testing technique B. Experience-based technique C.. White-box technique D. Structure-based technique ‘Again, this is an example of a questidn where the process of elimination can be implemented. White-box technique and structure-based technique,_both of which rely on existing code and design, are synonymous and can be eliminated since there shouldbe nly one ote ans riven testing ‘should be technique relies on documented test inputs an expected resus ‘to run the test. Hence, experience-based technique is the closé snswer to the question because knowledge and experience of testers, developers, users, and stakeholders about the, system are used to develop test cases. Answer B is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), p. 37 and ISTQB (2007b), p. 13. 17‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 21. Which set of test data demonstrates equivalence partitioning to check whether a customer is a teenager or not? (K3) A. 10,15, and 19 years B. 13, 19, and 25 years C. 13, 16, and 19 years D. 42, 13, and 20 years Solution The age range for a teenager is 13 to 19. With this in mind, the ata partitions for a "teenager" test conditions are as follows: + first invalid partition - younger than 13 years old valid partition - ages between 13 and 19 years old inclusive ‘Second invalid partition - older than 19 years od A review of the response options reveals that only response option D meets the partition criteria listed above, ‘Answer D is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007), p. 38. 118 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 22, What technique would be MOST appropriate to check status ” changes based on certain events? (K1) State transition Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis . Decision table > poe Solution transition. Hence, 7 janges” suggests state trar Tey diten aise covet anor eauvalence prtoning tere deals with ranges of vlus. Boundary valve aah ‘complements equivalence pasion Loa tieh alps ithin a given range. (re sted for enurnereting combinations and/or permutations of input or output conditions. ‘Answer A is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 38. 119‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certied Tester Foundation Level ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 23. Using the diagram below, which test suite will check for ALL 24, Using the diagram below, which test suite will uncover valid state transitions using the LEAST effort? (K3) invalid state transitions for employee status reporting software? (K3) / A. $0-S1~S2~s4—S1~s4~si-s2-s3-s1 8. S0-St~s2~s4-si~s2~s3-st © S0~Si~s4~si-s2-s3-51 | D. S0-Si~s2~S4~-Si~s4—si-s2-53 Solution ‘Take note of two important emphasis words: ALL and LEAST. 'A._ Prospective — Active ~ Resigned ~ Active ~ Terminated — Response option B did not cover the state transition from $1. to Purged Active 4. Response option C did not cover the state transition from S2 B. Prospective — Active ~ On Leave — Active ~ Resigned {0 SA. Response option D did not cover the state transition from = Retired $3 to SI. Only key option A covered all state transitions. Prospective ~ Active ~ Retired ~ Active = On Leave ~ Purged ive — Active ~ On Leave ~ Active - Retired ~ Active Answer Ais correct. > Propees tanec oniene Reference senses Follow the state transition path for each test suite. Response 28 (20072), P38. options A, C, and D's test suites all have valid state transition paths, Response option B's test suite reveals an invalid state transition, the transition from resigned to retired. Answer Bis correct. 190 14Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certied Tester Foundation Level Reference ISTQB (20072), p. 39. 122 ‘Sample Exam Question ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 25. Which of the following assertions about code coverage are correct? (K2) A. Statement coverage usually requires more test case suites B. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage . 100% decision coverage implies 100% statement coverage D.. Decision tables cannot be used to list statement coverage values Solution ‘ Consider the code below. a: if ((a > b) or (> a)) 2: e=et+h For statement coverage, only one test case (true values for [a > b] or (c > ol) il be required to achieve 10% execution of all lines of codes (statements 1 and 2). In COM ‘covérage Will require two test cases: statement 1 can either be true or false. Take note that condition coverage will require four test cases as listed below. ‘a>b | c>d | Execute Statement 2? True | True Yes True_| False Yes False | True Yes False_| False No Given the example above, response options A and B can be eliminated as valid choices. Decision tables helps document all possible combinations and permutations of tests cases, as shown in the table above. Answer Cis correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 40. 123‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 26. How many test cases are need fed to achi ‘statement coverage? (K3) ae ££ ((temporature < 0) or (eemperature > 00 alert (“DANGER”); ue Le Ulepeed > 100) and (Load <= 50)) { speed = 50; > } else ¢ check = false; : : x5 B 4 C2 D3 Solution Only two test cases are needed to achieve 100% stater overage: one testcase for when both IF conditions evsuate to be TRUE and another test case for when the first IF condition FALSE (ELSE statement). Keep in mind that the first test case will cover not il only the tement subsequent IF statement,” ne tt statement but aso the temperature | speed | load <0or> 100 [> 100 | <= 50 Oto100 | Wa | NA Answer C is correct, Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 40. 124 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certined Tester Foundation Level 27. Using an error guessing test design technique to convert temperature (Celsius to Fahrenheit, and Fahrenheit to Celsius), experienced testers will MOST LIKELY use which set of test data? (K3) -1, 0, 89.6, and 212 -40, 37.78, and 100 -A, 0, 1, and 37.78 ). -40, 0, 32, and 100 pore Solution ‘This is an innocent looking K3 type of question. Do not let its simple question format deceive you. Error guessing test design technique ‘combines intuition and experience to expose potential failures. Values -1, 0, and 1 seem logical because of boundary values near the freezing point in Celsius, Aithough most people will not readily know that 212°F is. the boiling point of water, most people will know that it is 100°C. However, values 89.6 and 377 are arbitrary, andie will be dificult to justify Heir indusion as plausible test cases, thus €liminating response options A, B, and C. Based on experience, one will know that -40°C = -40°F. Given this, key option D is "more" correct than the other response options. ‘Answer D is considered correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 41. 125‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Leve! 28. By creating future tests based on the results of previous tests, a tester is demonstrating what type of informal test design technique? (K1) A. Security testing B._Non-functional testing C. Exploratory testing D. Interoperability testing Solution Exploratory testing is an informal type of technique based on experience that allows a tester to simultaneously learn, design, execute, and log tests. While the system is being tested, the tester lear things that cari be used for future test runs, Interoperability testing assesses the capability of the software Product when interacting with another software component or system, Non-functional testing involves testing software components or a system without reference to functionality. Security testing checks for vulnerabilities in the system such as Unauthorized access or malicious attacks. ‘Answer C is correct. Reference ISTQB (20072), p. 41. 126 on Level ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certied Tester Foundation Level 29, Which of the following are potential drawbacks of independence in testing? (K2) 1. Independent testers may fee! they are not part of the development team 02. Developers may lose a sense of personal responsibility wall 03. Pojed rma will not have as much control over the project 04, Customers may end up requesting features that are technically impossible A. OL and 02 B. 01, 02, and 03 C. 03 and 04 D. 04, 02, 03, and 04 Solution “The drawbacks of independent testing are as follow: + independent testers may feel isolated from the development team, + independent testers may impede the software release nd , «= Fovelopers may lose a sense of responsibilty for quality. Answer Ais correct Reference ISTQB (20072), p. 45. 7‘Semple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Leve! 30. Which tasks are performed by a test leader versus a tester? (x3) S. Writing a project test strategy T. ‘Selecting tools to support testing U. Preparing and acquiring data V. Scheduling tests A. Test leader: S and V; Tester: T and U B. Test leader: S, T, and V; Tester: U C. Test leader: S, U, and V; Tester: T D. Test leader: S; Tester: T, U, and V Solution ‘The tasks of a test leader are as follows; + Coordinate and write the test strategy and plan, * write test policy, * plan the testing effort, which includes selecting the test 2pproach, estimating the time and cost of testing, selecting and obtaining the proper resources, defining test levels and oycles, and planning incident management, initiate the testing effort and control the execution of tests, setup configuration management of testware for traceability, generate test progress metrics, decide automation details - what needs to be automated, to what degree, and how, * select tools to support testing and organize appropriate tool Usage training for testers, + decide on test environment implementation, * schedule tests, and * write test summary reports, 128 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level ‘The tasks of a tester are as follows: + review and contribute to test plan, «analyze and review user requirements and specications for testability, setup test envionment . re and collect test data, ~mplement execute, and og the tests and evaluate and record the results, use required tools (Ie., monitoring tools), automate test, . measure performance of comporients or system, review tests developed by others Answer B is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), pp. 45-46. 129‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 31. Which document specifies the ‘sequence of test executions? (kt) ‘A. Test procedure specification B. Test design specification C. Test case specification D. Test plan Solution Test case specification documents the input values, expected sults, and executions conditions for a test item. Test design specification describes the test conditions or_ coverage items for a Likewise, it specifies the test approach refinements, high level test cases, and pass/fail criteria. Test plan records the test planning process. It describes the Scope, approach, resources, aT JUIE-OF testing activities.~ ‘Also, it identifies the test items (including the pass/fail criteria), features to be tested, the testing tasks, who will be responsible for each task, and any risks that necessitate contingency Planning, Test procedure specification explains how 2 tester will run a test. Tt specifies the sequence oF actions or steps to be taken by the tester in order to execute the test, Test procedure specification 's also known as test script or manual test script, Answer A is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), p. 47 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 30-33. 130 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 32, Stochastic testing is an example of which test approach or strategy? (K1) A. Model-based B. Analytical C. Methodical D. Heuristic Solution Strate Exam adele + Stochastic testing ‘Analytical Risk-based testing Methodical Failure based testing Heuristic Exploratory testing ‘Answer A is correct. Reference ISTQB (20078), p. 48. 131‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 33. Which sections are inch report? (2) ne cuded as part ofthe test summary W. Variances X. Comprehensive assessment it Y. Evaluation Z. Summary of activities A.W, X,and ¥ B. W,X, Y, andz Wand x D. W,X, andz Solution ‘A test summary report should include the following identifier, summary, variances, comprehensive assessment, result summary, : evaluation, activities or events summa , and approvals. : Answer B is correct. References ISTQB (20072), p. 49 and IEEE Std 829-1998 (1998), p, 14 132 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 34, Which is a potential product risk factor? (K3) ‘A. Failure of third-party vendor B. Training issues CC. Problems requirements definition D. Poor software functionality Solution Product risk factors are as follows: + delivered software or system is error-prone, + software could potentially cause harm to an individual or ‘company, + poor software characteristics such as functionality, security, reliability, usability, and performance, and + software does not perform its intended functions. Response options A, B, and C are project risk factors. Answer D is correct. Reference ISTQB (20072), p. 52. 133Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 35. Based on the JEEE Standard for Software Test Pocumentation (IEEE Std 829-1998), in which sections of the test incident report should the following items be recorded? (K2) Sections a) Test incident report identifier b) Summary ©) Incident description @) Impact Items 1. Impact on test plans 2. Unique identifier 3. Anomalies 4. Procedure step 5. Environment 6. References to other relevant documents 1, 3, and 5; d: 6 4,5, and 6; d: 1 23, 4, and 5; d: 1. Four sections of the test incident report are listed as a, b, c, and 4, and it will be reasonable to assume that they correct. Given this, we just need to map items 1 to 6 to their respective sections, Item 1 (impact on test plans) clearly belongs to section d (impact), thus ruling out response options A and D as possible answers, Ttem 2 (unique identifier) belongs to section a (test incident report identifier). Unfortunately, this is not helpful in Climinating either response option B or C. Both response options B and C have item 4 (procedure step) and item 5 (environment) mapped with section c (incident description).The difference between the two remaining response options is where they map 134 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Catfed Tester Foundation Level nt item 3 (anomalies) and Rem 6 (ference oer relevant documents). Item 3 clearly belo 2 stitcan potently be Inde section b However, Hem ‘seems out of place in the incident description. Answer C is correct. References . ISTQB (2007a), p. 54 and IEEE Std 829-1998 (1998), pp. 13-14. 135,‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 36. Based on the JEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation (IEEE Std 829-1998), which of the following sections are part of the test summary report? (K1) a) Test summary and report identifier b) Comprehensive assessment ©). Summary of results ) Evaluation €) Observers f) Approvals a,b, ¢,d, and e a,b, ce, and f a, Gd, e, and F a,b, ¢, d, and f pop Solution The test summary report includes the following section: identifier, summary, variances, comprehensive assessment, results summary, evaluation, activities or events summary, and approvals. Observers is part of the incident description section of the test incident report. It is not even a section, hence eliminating response options A, B, and C. ‘Answer D is correct. References ISTQB (20072), p. 54 and IEEE Std 829-1998 (1998), p. 14, 136 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Xt that the name of a temporary software component 7 sed eal anor compan fr testing purposes? (KI) Domain Use case ‘stub Driver pos> Solution Domain and use case can easily be eliminated because they are riot software components. A stub replaces a "called" program, while a driver replaces a “calling” program. Answer D is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), p. 57 and ISTQB (20076), pp. 15 and 29. 137‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Leve! 38. Which of the following is a potential risk in using test Support tools? (k1) ‘A. Underestimating the effort needed to maintain the test assets B. Losing access to important testing information when needed C._ Relying too much on qualitative and quantitative assessments D. Lowering the morale ofthe test team because of repetition Solution The risks of using test support tools are as follows: unrealistic expectations of tool performance which may include functionality and ease of use, underestimate time, cost, and effort to introduce and train Users in usage of the tool, underestimate time and effort needed to gain significant benefits from tool usage, underestimate effort involved in maintaining the test Fesources or assets produced by the tool, and overdependence on the tool, Answer Ais correct, Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 62. 138 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 39, How are (a) static analysis tools and (b) performance testing " tools different? (K2) ‘A. (a) helps in enforcing coding standards; (b) tests formance bh anlyes secur vulnerabilities; (b) measures the of test cases . (@) propores codes por to testing; (b) prepares codes prior testin : 'n D. (ey nighiohts unreachable conditions; (b) improves syste performance . Solution increased lad, volume, sting tools help simulate increa une ra ress onthe system to monitor and report the behavior of ‘the system under intense conditions. IA staff Static analysis tools help ee cians me standards, ara . Seong and understand the code before parformiog dynamic testing. Answer A is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), pp. 60-62. 139‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQR Certified Tester Foundation Level 40. Which of the following is a potential pilot project objective when introducing a test support too! into an organization? (ki) ‘A. Measuring the satisfaction of management for staying within scope B. Assessing whether the benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost Receiving compliments from the users on the aesthetic aspects of the tool Reducing the amount of overtime need to finish the project on time Solution Potential objectives of a pilot project are as follows: + eam and discern more details about the tool, ‘assess adequacy of the tool with existing processes and Practices; does it ft with the current process or should changes be made?, decide on procedures of using, managing, storing, and ‘maintaining the tool and the test resources, Perform benefit and cost analysis; will the benefits of using the tool be achieved at a reasonable cost? Answer B is correct. Reference ISTQB (20072), p. 64. 140 Chapter eh poe A 8. c D. iR¥diétice Questions C oftware? help increase the quality of s Which approaches can help increase testing 1. Incorporating rigorous testin II. Preventing change requests II], Establishing defects metrics eefpaivtoy wong, ip 1V. Allocating schedule continget Land Il are true; I1l and IV are false IIT and IV are true; I and 11 are false [and IV are true; If and Ill are false Tand Ill are true; Il and IV are false Which of the following can help testers understand the root causes of defects from previous projects? Ishikawa diagram ‘Cause-and-effect diagram Lessons learned Fishbone diagram. ‘What would USUALLY have a set of input values and execution conditions? Test basis Test case Test objective Test contro! 141