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‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQR Certified Tester Foundation Level 40. Which of the following is a potential pilot project objective when introducing a test support too! into an organization? (ki) ‘A. Measuring the satisfaction of management for staying within scope B. Assessing whether the benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost Receiving compliments from the users on the aesthetic aspects of the tool Reducing the amount of overtime need to finish the project on time Solution Potential objectives of a pilot project are as follows: + eam and discern more details about the tool, ‘assess adequacy of the tool with existing processes and Practices; does it ft with the current process or should changes be made?, decide on procedures of using, managing, storing, and ‘maintaining the tool and the test resources, Perform benefit and cost analysis; will the benefits of using the tool be achieved at a reasonable cost? Answer B is correct. Reference ISTQB (20072), p. 64. 140 Chapter eh poe A 8. c D. iR¥diétice Questions C oftware? help increase the quality of s Which approaches can help increase testing 1. Incorporating rigorous testin II. Preventing change requests II], Establishing defects metrics eefpaivtoy wong, ip 1V. Allocating schedule continget Land Il are true; I1l and IV are false IIT and IV are true; I and 11 are false [and IV are true; If and Ill are false Tand Ill are true; Il and IV are false Which of the following can help testers understand the root causes of defects from previous projects? Ishikawa diagram ‘Cause-and-effect diagram Lessons learned Fishbone diagram. ‘What would USUALLY have a set of input values and execution conditions? Test basis Test case Test objective Test contro! 141 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certied Tester Foundation Level 4. Which of the following general testing principles are true? 1. Testing shows abeence oe of defects but not the I. Testing of combinations of inputs and outputs will fin ; inations of inputs and outputs will find IIL. Testing should start ympletion of after the completion of key IV. Testing of safety-cr tical software web applications eres to testing) Tis true; 11, II and IV ar H, re false u is true; 1 I] and 1V are fase ‘and Il are true; III and IV ar Wand I are tug and IV ae fae pop> Which of the following is a MAJOR test planning task? Determining the exit criteria leasuring and analyzing results Implementing corrective actions itoring and documenting progress poe> Which of the following is a KEY test closure task? Ensuring proper environ iment set . Wilting a test summary report Assessing the need for additional tests . Finalizing and archiving testware poe 142 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level } 7. Which statements BEST demonstrate the various degrees of i independent testing? |A. Tests are designed using exhaustive test design techniques ‘Tests are designed using exploratory test design techniques B, Tests are designed to generate most fundamental errors early “Tests are designed to uncover errors with the highest risk C.. Tests are designed by the person who wrote the code ‘Tests are designed by a person from another department D. Tests are designed based on the documented requirements ‘Tests are designed based on thesexperience of the testers Which of the following software work product can be used | as a basis for testing? | Incremental scenarios, 1 Design documents ". Undocumented features 1. V-mode! specifications pORP> Which tests are BEST described by the following characteristics? F Component testing Integration testing ‘Alpha testing Robustness testing NXKE “Testing the interaction between components Fixing defects as soon as they are found ‘Automating test cases before coding “Testing separately testable components A. WA, X4, Y3 and 22 oo B. W2, W4, X1 and Zi C. W2, W3, W4 and Xi D. W3, Xt, X2 and X4 143 Sample Exam le Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 10. Which test is OFTEN the i users of the system? POnsbility of the customers or A. Usability testi & ree C. Maintenance testing D. Acceptance testing 11. Which acceptance t administrators? tS USUALLY performed by system A. Operational B. Customer © Contractual D. Regulatory 12. hich test can be performed at all test levels? A. System testing B. Operational testing C. Structural testing D. Integration testing 13. Regressi “aression testing can be applied to which of the folowing? 1. Functional testi ing 1. Non-functional testing TIL Structural testing A. Tand If only 8. Land If only © Mand im only D. 1 Mand nr 14, Which test re requires ‘component? the execution of the software A. Formal inspection B. Dynamic testing C. Code walkthrough D. Execution testing 144 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 15. As a moderator in a typical formal review, what can be one of your responsibilities? ‘A. Deciding on the execution of reviews B. Documenting all the issues and problems C._ Leading the review of the documents D. Identifying and describing the findings 16, What is the KEY difference in the usage of static analysis, tools? ‘A. Developers use static analysis tools before and during ‘component testing ysis tools during software modeling Designers use static anal B. Developers use static analysis tools to check the syntax of their codes Designers use static analysis tools to ensure adherence to programming standards C. Developers use static analysis tools before and after integration testing Designers use static ana compliance D. Developers use static analysis tools to check the syntax of their codes Designers use static analysis tools after software modeling ysis tools to guarantee regulatory 17. Features to be tested, approach refinements and feature pass/fail criteria BUT excluding environmental needs should be specified in which document? A. Test case specification B. Test plan C. Test procedure specification D. Test design specification 445 ‘Semple Exam Questions: ISTQB Ceried Tester Foundation Level 18. Which document specifies the execution order of test cases? A. Test design specification B. Test item C. Test procedure specification D. Test plan 18, Match the test design techniques to the correct descriptions, Black-box technique White-box technique } Structural-based technique Specification-based technique 21. To test an input field that accepts a two-digit day based on a particular month which data set demonstrates boundary value analysis? 0, 1, 16, 31 and 100 1, 27, 28, 30 and 31 2, 26, 27, 29 and 30 1, 0, 15, 32 and 99 pop> 146 poe Je Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level ‘Sample Exam 7 Which technique if OFTEN considered as an extension 7 Abie equivalence partitioning’ Decision table testing State transition testing se case testing 5 Boundery value anasis 23, Without testing all possible transitions, which test suite will test all marital statuses? =S4-S1-S4 A. SO-S1-S2-S4 8. S0-Si~S2-S3-S1-82 C. $0-S1~S4-S1-S2- 53 D. S0-Si-S2-S3-S4—- ha system 24, Which technique describes process flows throug * based on its likely usage? Data driven testing State transition testing C. Decision table testing : D. Use case testing 147 ooe> Sample Exam Questions: ple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 25. Which combination of statement coverage? Py and r values will ensure 100% 26. How many test cases are needed to achieve 100% condition d if ((temperat: ure < 0) or (temperature > 10 alert (“bancane); "?) ¢ if ((speed > 100) and speed = 50; (load <= 50)) { } else ¢ check = ; ; false; 5 4 2 3 148 ‘sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certfied Tester Foundation Level 27. What is an informal test design technique where a tester uses information gained while testing to design new and better tests? ‘A. Error guessing B. Exploratory testing C. Use case testing D. Decision table testing 28, How are error guessing and exploratory testing similar? 'A. Both are widely used formal techniques B. Both are white-box test design techniques C._ Both are experience-based testing 1D. Both are effective at all testing levels 29, Who should be responsible for coordinating the test strategy with the project manager and others? A. Tester B. Developer C. Customer D. Test leader 30. Which of the following are KEY tasks of a test leader? i. Understanding the project risks ji, Measuring performance of components ‘Scheduling tests and other activities iv. Using monitoring tools as needed A. iand B. iand C. iiiandv D. ivand it 149 Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 31. What is @ group of test activities that are organized and managed together? Test procedure specification Test level Test case specification Test plan poe> 32, Which test approaches or strategies are characterized by the descriptions below? Process-compliant approaches Heuristic approaches Consultative approaches Regression-averse approaches a) Summary ») Test incident report identifier ©) Test deliverables 4) Risks and contingencies ©) Variances 1) Approvals 9) Output specifications A aeandf B. acandd Ga, band F D. adande 37. Which tool can be used to support and Control part of the test management process? A. Coverage management tool 8. Test management too! C. Data preparation tool D. Performance testing too! 38. What isa scripting technique that uses data files to contain aegehly test data and expected results, but sce keywords related to the application being tested? ‘A. Automation technique 8. Scripting language ess-driven testing D. Keyword-driven testing 152 omple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation i . 1 needs to interface wit ther offs automation 2. fvre n ode to generate reports in the forma by the organization? Progress tracking tools Bet manageret ols C. Metrics management tools D. Test execution tools as success factors jlowing can be considere “0. hen deploying newton 2 ogenizaon? dines and defining usage guieines 5. Monta ol ge ar edung then or kara Improving procasses an focusing more on compo c esening testing completion and minimizing code reviews b. Asse 153 Sample Exam Quest ons ISTQB Certiied Te Cor ester Foundation Level rect Answers and Cognitive Levels ‘ee J [=| |e |o3 | foo |eal > a 154 1. Which approaches can help increase the quality of software? (2) 1. Incorporating rigorous testing IL. Preventing change requests IT. Establishing defects metrics IV. Allocating schedule contingencies A. Land I are true; II and IV are false B. Illand IV are true; I and I are false C. Tand IV are true; Il and III are false D. Tand III are true; II and IV are false Solution “The quality of software can be measured by the number of defects found for both functional and non-functional TQ Tre process of requirements a 5 ‘are Identified, Investigated (includes change ing request), and corrected. With this in mind, approaches I and TI are valid methods of increasing software quality. Answer D is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 11. 155 Correct Answers and Cog Pato Te 2) ¢ {ki 3} 8 [kt 4{a [42 S{a [Ki 6} DT kt 2} ¢ [ke 8B TK ofc [ke to]-> [Kt t1]-a_PKt 12|-¢ [xt 13} DT Kz q4]8 [Kt 15[~c [kt 16|A_[ 12 wtp Tks as} c[k ao] ¢ Tk 20/-a bia Chapter 7: Practice Solutions C _ - 4. Which approaches can help increase the quality of software? (k2) 1. Incorporating rigorous testing Il, Preventing change requests Ill. Establishing defects metrics IV. Allocating schedule contingencies A. Land Il are true; III and IV are false B. [land IV are true; I and IT are Yalse C. Land IV are true; II and I1l are false D. Land III are true; If and IV are false Solution “The quality of software can be measured by the number of defects found for both functional and non-functional process of Teguirements anc a “festing, defects are identified, investigated (includes change request), and corrected. With this in mind, approaches I and TIT are valid methods of increasing software quality. Answer D is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 11. 155 Semple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Which of the following can help testers understand the root ‘Causes of defects from previous projects? (K1) ‘A. Ishikawa diagram B. Cause-and-effect diagram C. Lessons learned . Fishbone diagram Solution fenikawa diagram (also known as cause-and-effect diagram or fishbone diagram) helps identity potential causes of a problem, However, because there is one and only one correct answer per Question, response options A, B, and D can be ruled out as the parrect answer. Moreover, the phrase “from previous projects” Lins at something that happened in the past. Thus, key option Cis the correct answer. ‘Answer Cis correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 12. 156 Foundation Level Fons: ISTQB Certied Tester ‘Sample Exam Questions: is What would USUALLY have 2 set of input values an« > ecution conditions? (K1) A. Test basis B. Test case CC. Test objective D. Test control Solution from which the ‘est basis is defined as all documents Ten oF surmised. Its the dea isola systomn can be gathered or surmised Jes), test, ise is defined as a set of test. data (or input values), err (or execution conditions), ‘and ©) a ee for. ened ‘of verifying one oF more ‘system forthe purpose of verving one ornare yntrol is a test man ant task that deals with applying Test conte 2S ene test project on wack ction to st the test Gredive actions ee 7 “Test objective states the reason or purpose for designing “Test objective states the reason or purpose fOr ESGRING ATT executing a test. Answer Bis correct. Reference 32. ISTQB (20072), p. 13 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 30 and 157 Semple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 4 Which of the following general testing principles are true? (ka) 1. Testing shows the presence of defects but not the absence of defects, Il, Testing of combinatior all defects II. Testing should start development tasks IN. Testing of safety-critical software is similar to testing web applications Ns of inputs and outputs will ind after the completion of key A. Tis true; TI, IE, and IV are false 8. Mis true; I, IM, and IV are false C. Tand If are true; Il and IV are false D. and IIl are true; I and IV are false Solution ‘The seven major principles of testing are as follows: + testing shows the presen + exhaustive testing will noth * testing should commence as ea development life cycie, * a small number of modules contain mast of the defects found during pre-release testing, or show the most operational failures, * overcome the pesticide paradox—if the same tests are performed frequently using the same test cases, eventually ‘io defects wil be discovered, {esting is done differently for every different context, and absence of errors does not guarantee that the system i usable and users’ requirements are met and fulfled. ot absence of defects, @ defect-free system, rly a5 possible in the system ‘Answer A is correct, Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 14. 158 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level : 2 (K1) 5. Which of the following is a MAJOR test planning task? ( AA. Determining the exit criteria B. Measuring and analyzing results . Implementing corrective actions D. Monitoring and documenting progr Solution ‘The major tasks of test planning are as follows: _The major tasks of test planing ee ives of + determine and identify the scope; risks, and object = jine the test approach, Seto implement the test policy and/or as Sec wc omaton schedule test implemer 7 a Response options B, C, and D are major test control tasks. Answer Ais correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 15. 159 Semple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certined Tester Foundation Level ‘Which ofthe Following is a KEY test closure task? (K1) Ensuring pro Per environ Wing 3 test summary report | BASessng the need for adltional tests ing and archiving testware pop> Solution Ti major tasks ofthe test closure activity are as flow * check which planned dé “ conte leliverables have been del suo eer reprs, an acumen eee oe alee and archive inrastucure for at * analyze lessons lear we lees and Response option A is jc Answer D is correct, Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 16, 160 Sample Exam Questions: ISTOB Certified Tester Foundation Level 7. Which statements BEST demonstrate the various degrees of independent testing? (K2) A. Tests are designed using exhaustive test design techniques ‘Tests are designed using exploratory test design techniques B, Tests are designed to generate most fundamental errors early ‘ests are designed to uncover errors with the highest risk c. Tests are designed by the person who wrote the code ‘Tests are designed by a person from another department . Tests are designed based on the documented requirements ‘Tests are designed based on the experience of the testers Solution “The primary purpose of independent testing is to eliminate ‘author bias in finding defects. Hence, test design and creation are done by a person oF people who may or may not be farniiar with the system. Response options A, B, and D do not identify who is designing the test. Rather, they state what technique or approach is being used to define the test. Answer Cis correct. Reference’ ISTQB (2007a), P. 17. 161 Sample Exam Que Questions: ISTQB Certited Tester Foundation Level 8. Which of the following software work 5a basis for testing? (K1) Products can be used A. Incremental emental scenarios B. Design documents C. Undocumented features \V-mode! specifications Solution Software work Products are del etc.) such as business case, seiverabes (documents, artifacts, requirements doc Specification. On key opton Bisa software ment nna ct thas eliminating response options A, C, and D. Answer B is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 20. 162 Ssmple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 9, Which tests are BEST described by the following characteristics? (K2) |. Component testing Integration testing Alpha testing Robustness testing N are 18 (p> a) f + Rihe Gueston core ‘two test cases will ensure 100% tement coverage (all statements oF li soem lines of codes will be Test case 1: p =qandr<5 Test case 2: p > q Response options A and B can be eliminated because both have = 5, consequently not satisfying test case 1. Response options Cand D ae plausible answers. However, the second combination of p and q values (p = -2 and q = -1) in response Cption D does not satisfy test case 2. Note that -1 is greater than -2, Only key option C covers all the test cases, thus ensuring 100% statement coverage. Answer Cis correct. Reference ISTQB (20072), p. 40. 180 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 26. How many test cases are needed to achieve 100% condition coverage? (K3) if ({temperature < 0) or (temperature > 100)) { alert. ("DANGER"); ie ((speed > 100) and (1oad <= 50)) { speed = 50; ) } else ¢ check = false; } 5 B 4 2 3 Solution ‘The following test cases will ensure 100% condition coverage: Test case 1: (temperature < 0 or temperature > 100) and (speed > 100 and load <= 50) ‘Test case 2: (temperature < 0 or temperature > 100) and (speed > 100 and load > 50) ‘Test case 3: (temperature < 0 or temperature > 100) and (speed <= 100 and load <= 50) Test case 4: (temperature < 0 or temperature > 100) and (speed <= 100 and load > 50) + (temperature >= 0 and temperature <= 100) Keep in mind that the first IF statement will be covered as long ‘as one of the conditions returns a value of TRUE. Answer A is correct. Reference ISTQB (20072), p. 40. 181 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 27. What is an informal test design technique where a tester uses information gained while testing to design new and better tests? (k1) ‘A. Error guessing B. Exploratory testing C. Use case testing D. Decision table testing Solution ‘The key words "while testing” hints at the answer to this question. Only exploratory testing, an experience-based nique, allows a tester to concurrently perform and test design. The other igns via specifications, models, code structure, or experience without the aid of test execution, Answer is correct, Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 41. iques Tet testers create test 182 ion. ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 28, How are error guessing and exploratory testing similar? (K2) A. Both are widely used formal techniques B, Both are white-box test design techniques C. Both are experience-based testing D. Both are effective at all testing levels Solution ‘The process of elimination can help narrow down the answer for this question. Error guessing and exploratory testing are widely sed techniques that rely on the tester's skils, knowledge, and system familiarity to create or develop test designs. Given this ‘concept, we can eliminate response options A and B, since both techniques are not formal and not white-box. Response option D provides a good analogy but is a less appropriate answer because of the word "all." Thus, key option C is a superior choice. Answer Cis considered correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 41. ‘Sample Exom Questions: ISTQS Certified Tester Foundation Level 29. Who should be responsible for coordinatin. 9 the test strat With the project manager and others? (K1) a Tester Developer Customer . Test leader pope Solution (One major task of a test leader sto coordinate and plan the test. Strategy with project managers an ple including but imited to. developers, testers, and users) involved in tt testing effort. Developers, testers, andor ont ‘to the formulation of the test plan. ee Reference ISTQB (20078), p. 45. 184 Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 30. Which of the following are KEY tasks of a test leader? (K2) i, Understanding the project risks ‘Measuring performance of components, ii, ‘Scheduling tests and other activities, iv. Using monitoring tools as needed A. iand B. iand i C. iandiv D. iiand i Solution . ‘The tasks of a test leader are as follows: + coordinate and write the test strategy and plan, + write test policy, * plan the testing effort which includes selecting the test approach, estimating the time and cost of testing, selecting and obtaining the proper resources, defining test levels and cydles, and planning incident management, Initiate the testing effort and control the execution of tests, setup configuration management of testware for traceabilty, generate test progress metrics, decide automation details - what needs to be automated, to what degree, and how, + select tools to support testing and organize appropriate tool usage training for testers, + decide on test environment implementation, + schedule tests, and + write test summary reports. Given the list above, items ii and iv are not tasks of a test leader; hence, we can eliminate response option B, C, and D. Answer A is correct. Reference ISTQB (20078), pp. 45-46. 185 Semple Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 31. What is a group of test activities that are organized and 32, Which test approaches or strategies are characterized by the ‘managed together? (K1) descriptions below? (K2) A. Test procedure specification SS. Process-compliant approaches B. Test level T. Heuristic approaches C. Test case specification U. Consultative approaches D, Test plan V._ Regression-averse approaches Solution Includes reuse of existing test material 1 2. Listens to suggestions from technology experts All but one of the response options listed above are documents 4 3. Adheres to industry-specific standards that describe part of or the entire testing process. Test 4. Runs test execution and evaluation concurrently Procedure specification enumerates the steps needed to run a test, Test case specication defines the input values, expected A $4, 73, U2 VI results, and executions conditions ofa test item, Test plon B. 81,72, U3, v4 describes the scope, approach, test tems, pass/fail riteria, test 5, 73,1 va resources, and schedule of testing activities, Test level is not a Leta acl document but a set of test activities or events that a d and managed collectively. Examples. Sehition “test, itagration tes, system test, and acceptance test. ‘Answer B is correct. conforms t industry-specific Standards, simultaneously run test execution and Verse evaluation (i.e., exploratory testing) steered by advice and guidance of technology and/or business experts reuse of existing test material (Le, regression testing) Process-compliant References ISTQB (2007a), p. 47 and ISTQB (2007b), p. 32. Consultative Regression-averse Answer D is correct. Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 48. 186 4 187 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 33. What is the ratio of the number of failures relative to a category and a unit of measure? (K3) A. Failure rate B. Defect density C. Failure mode D. Fault tolerance Solution Defect density is the ratio of the number of defects in a ‘component relative to the component's size (measuré lines of code). ve ( tin toa Failure mode is the physical or functional i i ign or symptom of a failure (e.g., siow operation, abrupt termination of execution). Failure rate is the ratio of the number of failures of a gi ‘to a given unit of measurement (e.g, eee (€.g., unit of time, unit Fault tolerance is the ability of the system to m: specified {Eielot performance or respond adequately in the event of a lure, ae Answer A is correct. References ISTQB (2007a), p. 49 and ISTQB (2007b), pp. 14, 16, and 17. 188 ‘Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 34. What are the main objectives of software project risk management? (K2) 'A\ Increase focus on preventive processes and improve tester job satisfaction B. Reduce the probability of occurrence and decrease the potential impact . Control contractor problems and minimize the impact of corporate politics D. Increase the probability of project success regardless of the cost involved Solution Watch out for the word “and” in non-K1 type of questions (response options A, B, and C). There is a very good chance that ‘one part of the statement is correct and the other one is not. Software project risk analysis entails assessing factors: the Ikelihiood of occurrence (probability) and the potential impact) of an event, hazard, threat, or situation. Thé probability of occurrence and the potential impact must Be ‘minimized as part of software project risk management. Answer B is correct, Reference ISTQB (2007a), p. 52. 189 ion Level Sample Exam Questions: ISTQB Cried Tester Foundation Level eee eee 35. Based on the JEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation (IEEE Std 829-1998), in which sections of the test incident report should the following details be recorded? (K1) Reference ISTQB (20072), p. 54. a) Test incident report identifier b) Summary ©) Incident description @) Impact L 2. 3. 4 5. 6. Expected results Actual results Procedure step Environment Revision level Date and time 3; b: 5; c: 1, 2, 4, and 6 5;¢: 1, 2,3, 4, and 6 Sand 6; c: 1, 2, 3, and 4 jc: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 ‘The test incident report identifier (section a) contains only the Unique number that identifies the incident report, ‘The summary (section b) identifies the test items involved indicating the version or revision level (item 5) and reference to appropriate test documents, ‘The incident description section of the report includes inputs, expected results (item 1), actual results (item 2), anomalies, date, and time (item 6), procedure step (item 3), environment (tem 4), repeat attempts, testers, and observers, ‘The impact section of the test incident report should indicate, if known, the effect the incident will have on test plans or any test ‘specifications (design, procedure, or case). ‘Answer B is correct. 190 i ‘Sample Exam Question: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 36. Based on the JEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation (IEEE Std 829-1998), which of the following Sections are part of the test summary report? (K3) (@) summary 'b)_Test incident report identifier © Test deliverables).

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