1

2545
:

24 2545

13:30-16:30 .

: 216-434 Power Plant Engineering

: R200

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_________________________

1. 2
1. 4
.

2.

ha 1 1hv1 WA hWA ha 2 2 hv 2 WB hWB

1hg1 WA h fA c p (T2 T1 ) 2 hg 2 [WA ( 2 1 )]h fB

Pv
Psat
0.622 P

PP
P Pv1
Pv1
o

Ra T1
Rv T1
P Pv 2
P
i
v2
Ra T2
Rv T2

ha 2 ha1 c p (T2 T1 )

Pd ( o i ) gH

Name Code
p2
Air, Cp=1.0048 kJ/kg K

Michael Allen

FIN145.DOC

Power Plant Engineering 2

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p3

Section I
.
1.
(10 )

. ..

..

..

..
Load factor.

..

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p4

..

..
Average load. ..

..

..
Instantaneous

Peak

..

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p5
2.

(10 )
Supersaturation
.

..

..
Fluid Friction

..

..
Leakage

..

..

..

..
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p6
Moisture Loss
.

..

..
Leaving Loss

..

..
Heat-transfer Loss
.

..

..

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p7
Mechanical

and

Electrical

Losses

.
..

.. .
.

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p8
3.

(10 )

Steam drum
Header

Risers (water tubes) .

Downcomer

..

Superheater

Reheater ..
Economizer

..
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p9
Air preheater
Forced-draft fan..
Induced-draft fan ..
Attemperators
Feedwater regulator .

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p10
4. (natural-draft cooling
o

tower) range 10 C 10,000

o

l/s 40 C 28 C,
1.013 bar, 80%
o

35 C

(makeup water)

( cp = 1.0048
kJ/kgK)
(25 )

Power Plant Engineering 10

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p11
5.
PWR, BWR, CANDU, HTGR

(5 )

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p12

Section II
by Professor Michael Allen
Note: It is recommended that you show all working
and state all your assumptions so that marks can be
given even if your numerical answers are incorrect.

1)

Hot

water

from
o

temperature of 235 C

geothermal

well

has

(condition 2 in the diagram).

This water is flash-separated at 750kPa and the

vapour (condition 3) is used to drive a high pressure
Power Plant Engineering 12

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p13
turbine. The liquid (condition 4) is flash separated at
600kPa and the vapour (condition 5) joins the outlet
steam from the high pressure turbine also at 600
kPa (condition 6). This mixture (condition 7) is
introduced into a special low pressure turbine. The
exhaust from this turbine (condition 8) is condensed
at 75kPa and, along with the liquid from the second
flash evaporator (condition 10), is re-introduced into
the ground.
Data:

Enthalpy at condition 2 = 1013.62 kJ/kg

Enthalpy at condition 3 (750kPa) = 2766.4 kJ/kg

and entropy = 6.6847 kJ/kg.K
Enthalpy at condition 4 (750 kPa) = 709.47 kJ/kg
and entropy = 2.02 kJ/kg K
Enthalpy at condition 5 (600 kPa) = 2756.8 kJ/kg
and entropy = 6.76 kJ/kg K
Enthalpy at condition 10 (600kPa) = 670.56 kJ/kg
and entropy = 1.9312 kJ/kg K
Enthalpy at condition 9 (75 kPa) = 384.39 kJ/kg
and entropy = 1.213 kJ/kg K
Power Plant Engineering 13

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Enthalpy of vapour at 75 kPa = 2663 kJ/kg and
entropy = 7.4564 kJ/kg K

a)

What is the enthalpy (kJ/kg) at conditions 6, 7, 8

?
(18 marks)

b)

What proportion of the steam (condition 2)

entering the system is used in each of the two
turbines?
(12 marks)

Power Plant Engineering 14

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p15
c)

What is the total amount of useful work

produced? (kJ/kg)
(9 marks)

d)

What is the overall thermal efficiency of this

process?
(9 marks)

e)

At what rate would hot water be drawn out of

the geothermal field if the turbines produced 5MW
of power?
(9 marks)

Power Plant Engineering 15

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p16
f)

How much spent water would need to be

returned to the geothermal well?
(9 marks)

2) Put a letter R against the following energy

sources if you think that they are renewable. Put an
N against them if you think that they are not.
Wind
Coal
Natural gas
Nuclear
Solar
Oil
Hydro
Geothermal
(8 marks)
Power Plant Engineering 16

Name Code
p17

3) What is the difference between anthracite and

bituminous coal?
No difference
Bituminous coal has more carbon in it
Bituminous coal makes more gas when it is
heated
Anthracite is soft and brown with a high moisture
content
(3 marks)
4) What is the chemical name of the gas used to
cook food in Thailand? (Underline the answer you
believe to be true.)

Power Plant Engineering 17

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p18
Carbon monoxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Octane
(3 marks)
5) What is the most important property of solid and
liquid fuels that determines how fast they burn?
(Underline the answer you believe to be true.)
The size of the droplet or particle
The mesh size in the travelling grate
How much ash it makes
How much volatile matter is in it
How much carbon is in it
How fast it is moving
The temperature of the boiler feed water
(3 marks)

Power Plant Engineering 18

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3

p19

6) If air has a density of 1.2 kg/m and blowing

across the sea at 10 m/s, estimate the total kinetic
energy available as it hits a wind-mill having an
2

effective cross-sectional area of 3 m .

(10 marks)

7) What is the maximum proportion of this energy

that the windmill can capture? (Underline the answer
you believe to be true.)
58.23%
59.26%
60.12%
35.04%
15.12%
(3 marks)

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p20
8) Name two kinds of wind-mill that are easy to build.

(4 marks)
Total marks possible 100 marks

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p21

Section I

1.
(10 )
load curve

24 x 24
y kW MW
Load factor.
load curve
0.424
Average load.
24 24

442 kW
Instantaneous Peak
20:30 .
1100 kW
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p22
2.

(10 )
Supersaturation


(metastable equilibrium)




(Wilson line)

60 Btu

Fluid Friction





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p23

10

Leakage






labyrinth

packing 1

Moisture Loss

(
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p24
)

Leaving Loss

270-300
m/s 2-3
Heat-transfer Loss

Mechanical and Electrical Losses

(governor)



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p25
1


98-99
3.

(10 )
Steam drum

feedwater economizer
Header

sat liq. steam drum

risers
Risers (water tubes)

Downcomer

sat liq. steam drum

Superheater

sat steam

superheated steam
Reheater steam

Economizer

feedwater

boiler
Power Plant Engineering 25

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p26
Air preheater
furnace
Forced-draft fan

Induced-draft fan

Attemperators
superheater reheater
Feedwater regulator

steam drum
4. (natural-draft cooling
o

tower) range 10 C 10,000

o

l/s 40 C 28 C,
1.013 bar, 80%
o

35 C

(makeup water)

( cp = 1.0048
kJ/kgK)

Power Plant Engineering 26

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p27

28 C, 1.013 bar,
80 %

28 C,

Psat =

0.03779 bar

Pv Psat

0.030232 bar

P = 1.013 bar

0.80

0.03779

Pa = P Pv = 1.013-0.030232 =

0.98277 bar
1

0 . 622 Pv
0 . 622 0 . 03232

0 . 019134
P Pv
0 . 98277
o

35 C, 1.013 bar,
100%

35 C,

Psat =

0.05622 bar
2

0 . 622 0 . 05622
0 . 03655
1 . 013 0 . 05622

steam table: hg1 = 2552 kJ/kg

2565 kJ/kg

TA = 40 C
O

0.0010079 m /kg

h,fA= 167.50 kJ/kg

W A

hg2=

TB = 40-10 = 30 C vfA
o

hf,B = 125.71 kJ/kg.

Power Plant Engineering 27

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p28
= 10,000/(0.0010079x1000) = 9921.6192
kg/s

1 h g 1 W A h fA c p (T 2 T 1 ) 2 h g 2 [W A ( 2 1 )] h fB

0.019134 x 2552 + WA x 167.50 = 1.0048 x (35 28) + 0.03655 X 2565 + [WA - (0.03655 0.019134)] x 125.71

WA = 1.19084 kg water/kg da

W A
9921 . 6192

8331 . 614
WA
1 . 19084

kg/s

8331.614 ( 2 1 )
= 145.10

kg/s

5.
PWR, BWR, CANDU, HTGR

Power Plant Engineering 28

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p29
) reactor core

fuel
moderator
coolant
PWR reactor core
moderator
coolant

reactor core

heat exchanger
BWR

reactor core

moderator
coolant
reactor core

CANDU

reactor core

(heavy water) moderator
coolant

reactor core
Power Plant Engineering 29

Name Code
p30

heat exchanger
HTGR

reactor core

moderator
coolant

)
fission neutron nucleus
chain reaction moderator
moderate neutron
nucleus

coolant working fluid

( PWR, CANDU,HTGR)
BWR

Power Plant Engineering 30