1.

0 Communication
Communication is key to maintaining successful business relations. For this reason, it is
paramount that professionals working in business environments have first-class
communication skills. There are three basic types of communication: verbal, non-verbal,
and written. If you want to succeed in business, you need to master each of these types of
communication.
1.1 Verbal Communication
Verbal or oral communication uses spoken words to communicate a message. When
most people think of verbal communication, they think of speaking, but listening is an
equally important skill for this type of communication to be successful. Verbal
communication is applicable to a wide range of situations, ranging from informal office
discussions to public speeches made to thousands of people.
1.2 Non-Verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication includes body language, gestures, facial expressions, and
even posture. Non-verbal communication sets the tone of a conversation, and can seriously
undermine the message contained in your words if you are not careful to control it. For
example, slouching and shrinking back in your chair during a business meeting can make
you seem under-confident, which may lead people to doubt the strength of your verbal
contributions. In contrast, leaning over an employees desk and invading his or her personal
space can turn a friendly chat into an aggressive confrontation that leaves the employee
feeling victimized and undervalued.

1.3 Written Communication

Written communication is essential for communicating complicated information, such
as statistics or other data that could not be easily communicated through speech alone.
Written communication also allows information to be recorded so that it can be referred to
at a later date. When producing a piece of written communication, especially one that is
likely to be referred to over and over again, you need to plan what you want to say carefully
to ensure that all the relevant information is accurately and clearly communicated.
2.0 Communication Process
Communication process is the steps we take in order to achieve a successful
communication. The main components of communication process are as follows:
1

Context - Communication is affected by the context in which it takes place. This

context may be physical, social, chronological or cultural. Every communication
proceeds with context. The sender chooses the message to communicate within a

context.
Sender / Encoder - Sender / Encoder is a person who sends the message. A sender
makes use of symbols (words or graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and
produce the required response. For instance - a training manager conducting training
for new batch of employees. Sender may be an individual or a group or an
organization. The views, background, approach, skills, competencies, and
knowledge of the sender have a great impact on the message. The verbal and nonverbal symbols chosen are essential in ascertaining interpretation of the message by
the recipient in the same terms as intended by the sender.

Message - Message is a key idea that the sender wants to communicate. It is a sign
that elicits the response of recipient. Communication process begins with deciding
about the message to be conveyed. It must be ensured that the main objective of the

message is clear.
Medium - Medium is a means used to exchange / transmit the message. The sender
must choose an appropriate medium for transmitting the message else the message
might not be conveyed to the desired recipients. The choice of appropriate medium of
communication is essential for making the message effective and correctly interpreted
by the recipient. This choice of communication medium varies depending upon the
features of communication. For instance - Written medium is chosen when a message
has to be conveyed to a small group of people, while an oral medium is chosen when
spontaneous feedback is required from the recipient as misunderstandings are cleared

then and there.

Recipient / Decoder - Recipient / Decoder is a person for whom the message is
intended / aimed / targeted. The degree to which the decoder understands the message
is dependent upon various factors such as knowledge of recipient, their

responsiveness to the message, and the reliance of encoder on decoder.

Feedback - Feedback is the main component of communication process as it permits
the sender to analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the sender in confirming the
correct interpretation of message by the decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through
words) or non-verbal (in form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take written form also in
form of memos, reports, etc

3.0 Technical Documents

Technical Documents are publications of the Technical Council that have an overall
purpose of informing members and the public of the state of technology in areas represented
by the Technical Committees. They comment on the currently available technology and

applications, as well as seek to identify new and future directions and comment on their
technical capabilities or shortcomings.
Technical documents include memos, graphics, letters, fliers, reports, newsletters,
presentations, web pages, brochures, proposals, instructions, reviews, press releases, catalogs,
advertisements, handbooks, business plans, policies and procedures, specifications,
instructions, style guides, agendas and so forth. There are so many types of technical
documents. It may be easiest to understand the differences in them by grouping them into
three main categories: traditional technical documents, end-user documents and technical
marketing communications.
4.0 Components of Technical Documents
Technical documentation may include:

Patents

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an

inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public
disclosure of an invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological

problem and is a product or a process. Patents are a form of intellectual property.

Specifications of item or of components/materials - Design or Product
specification describes the features of the solutions for the Requirement Specification,
referring to the designed solution or final produced solution. Sometimes the

term specification is here used in connection with a data sheet (or spec sheet).
Data sheets of item or of components/materials - A data sheet describes the
technical characteristics of an item or product as designed and/or produced. It can be
published by a manufacturer to help people choose products or to help use the
products.

Test methods - A test method is a method for a test in science or engineering, such
as a physical test, chemical test, or statistical test. It is a definitive procedure that

produces a test result.

Manufacturing standards
Quality management system requirements
Information specified in laws or regulations
Verification and validation

5.0 Documents in the Implementation of a Construction Project

Contracts
Specifications
Bill of Quantity
Bill of Materials
Plans/Drawings
Progress Report
Minutes of Meeting

References
https://blog.udemy.com/types-of-communication/
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-communication-process-definition-steps.html
http://www.managementstudyguide.com/components-of-communication-process.htm
http://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-technical-documents.html
http://www.aes.org/technical/documents/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_documentation
http://www.adb.org/documents/handbook-project-implementation