4A Section Review

2. Daltons model was based off experimental evidence collected over the
years. The Greek model was based on philosophical ideas. No, these two are
not related.
4. (1) Cathode rays were small particles. (2) They were negatively charged.
(3) All the atoms emitted the same kind of particle. (4) Charge compared to
mass extremely large.
6. He described the atom as mostly empty space.
8. The energy emissions come only in certain amounts or qualities.
10. True
4B Section Review
2. s: I = 0, may contain up to 2 electrons; p: I = 1, may contain up to 6
electrons; d: I = 2, up to 10 electrons; f: I = 3, up to 14 electrons.
4. false
6.

8. Hydrogen nuclei are charged because the protons that inhabit the nuclei
have a positive charge. Electrons also generate magnetic fields because they
spin.
10. Noise control, more space in capsule, make machine more
portable/lighter.
4C Section Review

2. Atomic mass is a decimal that is equal to the weighted average of all

isotopes of a given element. Mass number is a whole number equal to the
sum of the protons and neutrons in a certain isotope.
4. 1/12 the mass of the carbon-12 isotope.
6. a. carbon C (Z = 6)
[He] 2s2 2p2
4 valence eb. fluorine C (Z = 9)
[He] 2s2 2p5
7 valence ec. potassium C (Z = 19)
[Ar] 4s1
1 valence ed. krypton C (Z = 36)
[Ar] 3d10 4s24p6
8 valence e8. true.