6 Presented below ore some of the findings that many CT 2007 aspirants ml fing usetal and many CAT 2008 asp ‘Stemi thei arma) early ons tintsrunotely, | have net been seis provice the practs for these results 9¢ he tention spar of my readers is of prem, arhaps, T wil a so my my later chepters. Working 93.2 teacher, Unetal results that con prove ta be beneficial vo oneee™s mathematical heath fut anien do rot reach ye sue Properly dosurtentou. Well herson,Tnreinmes to'dceument every usehal rosufaradl thal srassce fie eyes and Feel few to ssh any question thet arises in your euriour mind integers Lets stan small: In hom many ways can 15 be writen as sum of two or more consecutive postive integers? sn 7+8 inslse6 3514234445, Therefore, the number of ways ~ 3 Now is" = Number of odd divisors = 4 “The number of ways 15 can be written as sum of two or more postive intagers = Number of od divisors ~ 1. Let’ see it one more time! in how many ways can 90 ba wrlten as sum of two or more consecutive postive integers? 90-29 6304 31 90 = 2122423426 te titist i940 90-647 -8594 1041+ i2413 438 90-2434 +5 rer 7 + G49 410 +11 + 12413, Therefore, the number of ways ~ 5. Now 90-25 3°55 = Number of odd divisors = 6 The number of ways 90 can Be written as sim oF two or mare positive integers ~ Number of odd elvisors ~ 1, Therefore, ‘The number of ways a number N can be written as sum of two or more ‘Consecutive positive integers = (Number of odd divisors of N) ~ 1 The number of whole number solutions of the equation ax + by tc =n, wherea, bande ‘are-constants Fird the number of whole number solutions ofthe equation be 2+ 3y + 5x = 100, ‘equation = coefcient ofx8 in (2 rx FM MEIC 4A? ve 9 + ML HIE HE ‘The number of whole number solutions of the equation ax + by + cz = n is equal to the coefficient of xin (Le ee LE ee ee ILE ed What i'% ¥ or z cannot be eaual to zero? Than the torm for x8, y®, 2° fe absent inthe expression ‘The number of positive integral solutions of the equation ax + by + cz = n is equal to the coefficient of x" Tn EOI JRE EEE IO JERE EEE IO a) (Questions for practise: How many numbers between 100 and 900 have sum of their cigits equal to 122 How many integer solutions adst for the equation |x +ly +12 = 157 ‘Tofind integer values of x and vin the indeterminate equation ax + by = c given one pair of values Find the values (x satisfying the aquation 3x +79 200, where x and y are intagars? Inthe above example, we saw that some ofthe values were (62, 2), (55, 5), (48, 8), (41, 1), (34, 14), (27, 17), (20, 20), (13, 23), and (6, 26), Here is ons important point: the values of x are in’an anthmetic arogression with @ common diference of 7 and’tha valves of y are in an arthmetie progression with a common difference of 3. Therefore, {In indeterminate equation ax + by = ¢, the intager values of ‘x ie inan anthmetc progression wits 3 commen difference of b + ylig in an anthmetc progression with 2 common difference of a cand y are integers then the acuation St + 19/ = 64 has (CAT 2003) ‘ono sotion for x € 300 and y¢ 0 2. ne solution for x’> 250 and y > ~100 23. solution for 250 < x < 300, 4, solation for -59 < y-< -56 If ee keep y = in the equation, we get x = with a common citference of 19. Therefore, progression with 3 common offer ‘Therefors, (9; 1) 2 solution. Now, values of x wil be in an arithmetic series values of x wil be 9, 28, 47, 66... The values of will bein an arkhmetic OF Tharatove, the values of'y wil Bey a ~9,We can see that th and 59. Therefore, C. wll be colution for values af between 250 and 300 whereas na intager value of y falls tween -56 Any single digit number N written p — 1 times, where p is a prime number (2 2,3, 5) is divisible by p For axamolg, 555585 is divisible by 7, $88,888 ic divisible by £7 eto, 16 ties What i the remaincar when 2777...7772 1s sided by 19? Sy times ‘ower: Wa know that 2777.4.7777 willbe divisible by 19. Similarly, 7727.,.7772 will be divisible by 19. Therefore, the 18 times 36 oes remainder when 2777.,.7777 is dvided by 1916 7. a7 times the number of rc UATE 4 ROSEN Ob ER dyg-ba What isthe remainser when 35!" is diced by 247 Answer: 24 = (28)(3). Therefore, number of numbers less than and prime to = Ba pe) s (35°) (254), (958) wil give remainder 1 with 26, 95" = (24 + 11)* 8. Therefore, 35° wil give 2 remainder 1 with 26, ow, 354 = 1215 121 = 1. Therefore, remainder = 3 Find the remainder when 197 is divided by 13, Answer: Number of numbers ess than and prime to 13 ~ 12, Therefo STORE 207 ill give temaincer Land 10° Joz will give remainer Find the remainder when (13% + (13)*is dividad by 38, Answer: number of nuriters less then and prime to 36 ~ p(36) = 36(t 12, Therefore, 114 and 134 will give 3 git 1 with 36, Therefore, remainder = remainder when winder of with 36. Simitary, 11% and 13* will give a remainder Li's 13ie divided by 36 = 24 To find the last two cigs ofa rumber, we And the power that wil yield the same fast two Gigts again and again. For example, in case of even numbers, 76 as the last two cats wil always cive 76 with any power. Similarly, in case of odd huribers, OL asthe las two ciots wil always give O1 with any power. Therefore, we always try to find a power ofthe number ‘which wil give 76 (if the number is even) of OF GFthe number is ade.