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    Img 104

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    20-2 snstony of he Heart (SST Aortic arch LUgamentum arteriosum Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary valve Ascending a ‘ona 3 Loft pulmonary ‘Opening of SS coronary sinus Interatial septum RIGHT ATRIUM Aortic valve Cusp of let AV (Bicuspc) valve Conus arteriosus LEFT VENTRICLE Cusp of ight AV (icuspig valve ‘Ghordae tendineae \ Trabeculas cameae ———$ Papillary Inferior vena cava muscles FIGHT VENTRICLE Moderator band Interventricular Descending aorta ‘septum @ Ascend ae (Groat cardiac vain Cusp of aortic cusp of let ‘ave AAV (bicuspid) valve Fossa ovals Chordae ‘ntanon ‘endings vena cava Peptlry Pectinate ‘muscles FIGURE 20-6 y The Sectional Anatomy of the Coronary Heart. (a) A diagrammatic frontal ‘snus section through the heart, showing major landmarks and the path of blood fiow satu (marked by ars though the at, venti, and associated vessels (b) The Gerais papllary muscles and chore tendineae Si ecu) Supporting the right AV eieuspi) va. valve ‘The photograph was taken inside the night ventricle, looking toward alight shining tactic from the right atrium. (e) sectional view RIGHT VENTRICLE Ej pacha of the heart Trabeculae careae CHAPTER 20 THE HEART [ "suman Ta8ce 20-1 Stncunat an FuncTiona: Divenences Between Canoe Muscat CHL ano Settar Mosc Facas Feature Cardiac Muscle Cells ‘Skeletal Muscle Fibers size 10-20 jum 50-100 um 100 2m x up to 40m Nuclei Typically 1 (rarely 2-5) ‘Multiple (hundreds) Contractile proteins Sarcomeres along myofiorits ‘Short T tubules; no triads formed with sarcoplasmic reticulum Internal membranes ‘Mitochondria ‘Abundant (25% of cell volume) Inclusions Myoglobin, lipids, glycogen Blood supply Very extensive ‘Metabolism (resting) Metabolism (active) Not applicable ‘Aerobic, primarily using lipids and carbohydrates witches with brief relaxation periods; long refractory period prevents tetanic contractions ‘Autorhythmicity of pacemaker cells generates action potentials Calcium entry from the ECF and ‘akium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Branching network with cell ‘membranes locked together at intercalated diss; connective tissue fibers tie adjacent layers together Contractions Stimulus for contraction ‘Wigger for contraction Intercellular connections The Right Ventricle Blood travels from the right atrium into the right ventricle through a broad opening bounded by three fibrous flaps. These flaps, or ‘cusps, are part ofthe right atrioventricular (AV) valve, also known as the tricuspid (tri-KUS-pids tri, three) valve. The free edge of each cusp is attached to tendinous connective-tissue fibers called the chordae tendineae (KOR-d? TEN-

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