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Cell Theory and Membrane Transport Notes

1. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells. 2. The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer that protects and supports the cell. It is selectively permeable and allows some substances to pass through via passive or active transport. 3. Passive transport includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, and moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy. Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy.

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843 views2 pages

Cell Theory and Membrane Transport Notes

1. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells. 2. The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer that protects and supports the cell. It is selectively permeable and allows some substances to pass through via passive or active transport. 3. Passive transport includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, and moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy. Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy.

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  • Cell Theory and Membrane: Covers the basic cell theory, the nature of cells, and the role of the cell membrane, along with definitions and functions.
  • Transport Mechanisms: Discusses how substances move in and out of cells through passive and active transport, detailing processes and types involved.

Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: Name: Tashanti Kentish

Class/Period: #5
Date: 1/10/17
Essential Question:

Questions: Notes:

1600s= microscopes began to be used


What is the cell theory? Robert Hooke- observed pieces of corks & stated they look like
` cells
Cell Theory- well tested description that unifies a range of
observations by multiple scientists.
1.All livings are composed of cells
2.Cells are the basic units of structure & functions in living
things
3.New cells are produced from existing cells
*Cells- many shapes & sizes have genetic material (DNA/RNA) have
a cell membrane, have cytoplasm/cytoson.
No Nucleus= Prokaryotic (bacteria)
What is the cell Nucleus= Eukaryotic(animals)
membrane?
Functions: protect & supports the cell, requires the transport of
materials in and out of the cell.
Lipid Bilayer: a double layer sheet of phospholipids that make up
the cell membrane, provides a flexible structure that forms a
strong barrier between the cell & its surroundings.
*Polar/Hydrophilic: water loving heads(like)-face out
*Non-Polar/Hydrophobic: water hating(fears)- tails face inside
Fluid Mosaic Model: cell membrane is made up of many different
parts that freely move.
Embedded proteins: protein are embedded in the lipid bilayer, act
as pumps that help move materials across the membrane.
Selectively Permeable: same substances can pass through the cell
membrane, but others cant.
Carbohydrate Chain: act like chemical identification cards, allowing
individual cells, to identify one another.

Summary:

Questions: Notes:
What is Passive
Transport? Passive Transport: movement of substances into/out of a cell without using energy.
high>low concentration
3 types:
1. Simple diffusion (down gradient until eq.)
2. Facilitated diffusion (required special protein)
3. Osmosis (diffusion of water via equaponns)
Brownian Motion: molecules randomly bound around until they are
spread out equally.
dynamic equilibrium (equal motion)
Simple Diffusion: molecules move from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
move down concentration gradient until dynamic
equilibrium is reacted
non-charged, small molecules
no channels needed
Facilitated Diffusion: large molecules require to help to pass
through the cell membrane.
required protein channels
ions: glucose
high concentration>low concentration
Osmosis: diffusion of water through the cell membrane
uses special channels called aquabonns
high>low, down concentration gradient
What is Active
Transport?

Active transport: the process of transporting a small & large


molecule against their concentration gradient
-from an area of LOW concentration to an area of HIGHER
concentration.
-this requires energy input> ATP!!!

Summary:

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