Tein) =) 3ATAJIKU Tognuumrect! Hau urgexc 68560 yp ialict ee es Pepi h 70) eh ee 7. Ast | g Toya bint eel COrO BCGfen MoGeni — _rnasHoit paszHik AA Haweh crpakt, ore w acrpeuaior ero co cnezantn K comaneniio, nokoneHne 80- ‘eeaBwnx yxoniT. A sMecTe c HHH YXORAT MW HepasrasiaHHele Tart Bennkoli OrevecTeenHor sori, Apxiabi u Memyapoi He MOryT OTBe Ture Ha ace Bonpocts. Hake npo Ta koe oboe, Kak ZleHe Mobenb bt haem He sce. Hanpiep, 4oro80p (© KaniTynayian HayictcKoA Tep- Manan npeacraewTens CoBeTcKoro Coioxa nopnuceieann ppaxa. B epatt pas ero nogncan manous BecTHbit reHepan-waitop KpacHoit apMAK a noToM ToT ¥e NorOBOP, HO ® TOpmecTBeHHOM OOcTaHOBKe Nog rncan mapwan Kyko8. O4eH KON ro Ha Janiayie He XOTeNOC», sTOBbI B povoi BoriHbi Grino Ges mapurana MloGen Hawnctckar Tepwanins 60 rape Timnepom npiecia muoro crpa anit paapywernt Haponam CCCP. OxonvarenbHo BoccraHoeHT ace NOpyWeHHoe CMOTIN ToNbKO Hezaflonro Ao JanycKa nepsoro cytwuka 3ewm, Ho Bor oTBeTHan Kapa gna noGexneHHont Tepwaninn orna Obit» ropaano Gone crpau Hoi. Mpavem » ponn rash mcr Teneli BbiCTynan Crabs, KOTOpHIe enbule acero oF Hee nocTpanann, Ho camyio HeoxMgaHHy!O NOMOUIS Hemupi nonysiani OF CTpas, KOTO pan novepana ao Bropont mipoaoit Boinwe Gonbuve Bcero, ipnaro rosopure, sto mecrs 370 6ni9p0, xoTopoe nonaioT xonp- in, HO3TO 6mono moGaTHonaEaTe ewe n uyekvnms pykann. Bor, Han ep, nepauii npeangert 1Oxnoh Kopen ynopHo yrosapwean npaau Tenscrao CUA HanecTH AgepHeih yap no Kirra, Ho mup 80 epena un, kak M Hau ZeMHOM Wap, NByNO ‘napstam. Vinomamo CLUA, Ha Bene feuye Goin v CCCP. MosroMy HH OF KaZAMMCb OT OMKHOCTH «tMABHOFO mcritrennr, ATO Kak 6b! Oa He cra: sha nocmepTHoii 3aro cevivac 6e3 Tepmanin wi Kit ‘Tan Awepike ctano Goi oveHb He- pocto, 'Kanko, «0 ceromln MAP He qeynonapsi, or ckonbKix Gen, 370 yOeperno Gis Hac 8 ByayiieM. Taaaweiti pedaxmop Anumpuit KPYYHHH U4HTAHTE B HOMEPE BEPCUM, «Hebecunin “Turannx’» Preece) EEC USCS Ure sarus BNACTD... Tipodeccop Ha Bonne Cree eu ect UcuESHYBUIME YnBUAMBALIM Ockonox 3onoto# Opatt anonen.. Cnenen 03 KKamennoro ropona CEKPETHDIE ONEPALIMM...... «Beno-Kpacas apmnat VICTOPUYECKOE PACCEOBAHHE.. «<3onoron Bex» YenoBevecTBa ABOPUOBDIE TAMHLY ‘TpexmecsHoe Koponescrso BANKU 13 NPOWNOTO.. VICTOPUYECKVE 3ATAAKM.... PMc) Cnet TEHMAMbHbIE VBOBPETATENM «@axTbi MW HUYErO, xpome axron» KATACTPOODI Ornenneti Can-Xyan Prarique neue ST En acid 3ATAAKM BUBNIM.... Oburanuue Bora BEAUKME NEPSOOTKPDIBATEN Tyremecrave ANKHOW B xcMaH VCTOPHYECKHI CKAHBOPA, 7 APXEONOFMA COOBLIAIOT. 2KEHLIMHA B MCTOPHM... Hecnomnentias Munaya COKPOBMUA HAY Anmasteih TpoH yapa AnexcesAupwxabnp «'ungen6ypr» belo} o) TUN BRL wunte (clea show sts p¢ MsiaspHe hae! Kppunatoe sbipaxerive Maknapennn «Llenb onpas- ApIBaeT cpeacrBa» He pas CTaHOBHNOCE NeMTMOTHEOM GonbWMx rHyCHOCTel, 3anyMaHHbIX HeMMCTORNOTHbI- Mu nlonliTHkamu 8 pasHbix crpaHax 8 pasHoe Bpema. Npwem nog cpeacrsamu wHunaropsi Yauye Bcero NOHMMANH HenoBeYeCkne KMSHH, KOTOPbIe Ge3 CTeC- HeHMA Kann Ha asiTapb CBOMX 3aTen. YebI, HOM B kaTactpode «HeGecHoro "TuTaHMka"» — meraqupH- a6na «I MHAeHEYpr», PyxHyBuero B Mae 1937 ron, He OGouInocb Ge3 NoniTMueCKAMx UTP. 1931 rony Ha sae0nax Fep- Iuaninn sanoxnnn ovepen- Hoi, cambili Gonbwon B MIpe Ampwora6ne (6bi1 nine Ha 24 meTpa Kopove HacTonwero eTuraniKay, Tak: Xe AMpHKAGNE GaN ocHaWieH 4° Aysensitimn qeurarenamn ‘no 1200 nc Kab. Ha Gopr (OH Mor npuHATs AO 100 TOHH RonesHoit Harpyakn, pazenean ‘cxopoct no 135 /4ac. Hopas Bnactp Tipmuiequine 8 mapre 1933 roma kBnacra HayAcTos He Cran npvocralaenueate —nocrpoiixy «Tinygen6yprao. Xora cpeam Wink He 6bino epMMoRyIMA Ha 3TOT Ccuer ~ 8 wacrocTa, nereHnap- os sosqyuii ac epeoi wit OBO! BoM M ByayulMiA rnaBa modreabe Tepma Tepunr Tepnets He Mor qypiKa6mM, Ha3biaan Mx «neTaIoulnMn Coc ‘ckamuo va oTpnyan vx nepcnek- waHocte, Mlepsti noner «IinnneH6yp- Fa COCTORNCA BO OpunpHexa- ‘eve 4 mapra 1936 roga. A 31 Mapra fMgeH6ypre yae ornpa- Buna 8 TpaHcarnanTMuecknit epenet 0 IOxHoR AMepuKn, koTopoit om gocrar 4 anpena 1936 rona. Nocne vero yenne- ‘nw Cran perynapHo nepece- kar Armanmany. B KoHYe 1936 ona nonynapHoil y naccaxn- os «fiannen6ypr> cran nevare WB CUA. Bepontio, wmeHHo ‘Tora 6 ronosax oTgenbibix Ha- ncTeKIK nigepoe BosHNKna wien KoMnpoMerauiin aMepn ‘aHWes cnoMoUIbiO MAraHTeKOTO Ampma6na, 3. man 1937 rona «Tannen 6ypre, nmen Ha Gopry 97 nacca- 2xMpo8 M1 WeHOB SKANK, OT- Mpauncn 8 ovepenHor noner BCA. Yne 6 man efinngen6ypro Fognnwin k ocrposy ManxorTeH, Kpacots! KoTOporo KanuTaH ‘cyava pewnn nokasaT> cBouM raccaxwpamn. Mlocne Kpyra Waa, HeGockpesann «finjeH6ypr» Monowen x Gaze SehKxepcr, ‘ae omen Gein cect, OpHaKo rpo3080 pour He noseonun Kanuraty nocaguTe cypHo no Fpaduny. Tonsxo cnycra 3 waca asa ana Ao6po Ha nocanKy, WW uennen cran cHIKaTECR, Ha soicote 80 merpoe Hoc AM ioKa6nn HeownaHHo nowen ‘BHuS. 3KnMaKY yaanoce cTabU- ‘wsnposaTe noniomeHNe, ¢ HOCa Bpocnna npmuanbHbie Kava, Ho ye Yepe3 nitTe MUHYT pa3 ‘Banca crpawiMeih e2pbi9, Wace CYAKO OkasanOce OBBATO nna MeHen. Hepes nonwunyret no- che sspeiea yennenv pyxiyn Ha 3eMmio BMeCTe C niORbMUN H Fpysom. Karacrpopa_ywecna xvaHn 36 YenoBeK: 13 nacca- xpos, 22 uneHos axunaKa Wt 1 CCorpyqHnxa Hasemoi cny60s ‘Mumucrp ueonoruu Tperee- ro peitxa Vosed feG6ensc nora pasy nocnewn oGeseiTe pa enw «TinenGyprav aktom YyeTpawienine, HanpasneHein porws fepuannn. [eckare, AMePHKAHCKME KOMMYHACTEL vx Npncnewnukn 3 Eepontt CoTwirpaniice Ha MApHOM AMPH ma6ne 3a GonGexry uacTaMn mogtaadpe ucnarcKoi TepHn- kat 8 anpene 1937 roma. Onia- Ko AOsONsHO GbIcTPO HEME aarknynince, Vcxopa v3 akanwaa msnocra Te66enbca, Bpaa 1M ero sacraanna samonuate oft nanbiian Bepcna KpyweHiA, B noucxax BUHOBHUKa Kak ycranosinn Hemeunne Me amepnnaticxne —aKcnepTe, 8 pesynsrate paapoiga ceTKH kapnaca Gein nospexgeH omni Ws rasoseix GannoHoe c BORO: onom. Ero yreuKa o6pazoeana © Bosayxom sspeisoonacryio emece, KoTopan cAleToHUPOBaTa 3a Wexpbs Crammueckoro aneK~ Tpawecrea, OpraKo nereHpapHeiti ne- MeuKnit —soaayxonnagarens Xyro Skkenep He cornacunica ¢ 2am. On cunan, 4To Ha Gopry efimmnen6ypra» npowsowna au sepcu. flaw pexcipiopep CC Fesipix Fumanep Toxe Ayman, ro 8 tparenwn «fingeH6yp- TOM» BiHOBATbI_ KOMMYHUCTHL Torna nowemy Hose Te66ensc Tak pesKo CHHK W He cTan pas neat» aTy wneonormveckH BuironHyio Aa Tepwannn Bep- co?! Orset a sTor eonpoc 3aKmo- eH 8 Tom gakre, «To Ha Fat ReHGypres “Mau"cTos npocro ‘onepegwnm. fleicreurensHo, y Fe66eneca Ginn onpenenen- ble rman no AcxpeauTaUN Wraros _nytem qvBepcmm Ha efmgen6ypres. Ho eapuie 8 Mae 1937-70 - He wx pyk geo. Kax yreepxniaet pag Wcro- iikos, «FunenGypr> e30pean ero Texnnk ~ 24-nemHnh Spink Wnens, ycraHoBnewint GoM 6y ¢ MaCoBEIM MexaHNaMOM Ha ‘AHe Gannowa N°4. Ha ator no- CcTynok Ullnena AKO68s nopBHrna ero nogpyra, Henasnneswian HayncTos. M yrosopHEwan ero 30pEaTb «cHMBoN TeSTOHCKOI arpeccum. Mo zamticny ens, Gomba gona Gouna ssopeate A yme noche npwvanneaHna ‘Avppwoxa6na, Ho w3-3a rpo30B0ro porta efinner6ypr> orKno- unca or rpagua Gonee vem Ha pw daca. Wis-3a Yero mM npoHa- ya Tparemwn c mepreamn, CaM sqmsepcai 80 epeNa eapbiea Beinpirayn vs ANpHKAGNA, HO OF nepenowos W oxoroB yaep ®8 rocnurane. Cnycta HeckonbKo ‘rer wero Uinena cuwran By HOBHDIM 8 TpareaMM W Havant: uk IV ynpasnetns PCXA (recta 1o)Iexpwx Miannep. Bnpoven, Takan npaaga Tpe- Teemy Peiixy Gouna He HyKHa. (Oguoua-Konmynncr o67ano- lw ace cneycnyx6eiTepManinn pounce caoem yen?! Her, 8 TaKOM cnyvae obmynanbHan Bepcwin co cmyuaiHoi ucKpoH Bbirnagena Kyna nyswe. Vi Feb Gene 370 nounman. Ocraercn oGasuTe, uro ruGens «finger Gypra», crae He nepaott rpare- vei ¢ AMpmxa6namy, nocra- ‘una OKOHYaTeNbHVIO TOUKY B Hemonroa, HO ApKOM cTopAK ‘Avpwoxa6necrpoenun, Tipoxop EKOB 3HEBEPOATHBIE 3ABbITbIH BJLACTEJIHH beau efeloln uth Cw au s-r. Cmte) cols (eas (Jarteyssewas tpi elci Paying Kynon sroro rpanamosHoro coopyxeHina Ha npoTmkeHHM Gonee 4em ‘Tolcaun ner 6bin KpynHeviwine 8 MMpe. DIpeBite BEpHNH, 4TO MMeHHO 3yecb xpaHW/IMCe COKPOBMUNA MlereHAAPHbIX MUKEHCKHX Yaper - ATER M ‘AramemHova. OaHaKo qo HauIMx AHEM oa AoUIna NouTH NyCTOH. M Mbt AO CMX nop He MoXeM c yBepeHHOCTbIO Cka3aTb ~ KOrAa MANS KOTO GbITA TlocrpoeHa «rpo6Hnya ATpes. cnewwanncram HeMano 3ara- OK, pasranats KoTOpLIe contenant BonoTou knay B caowx nowcKax morwnei nereHsap- Horo uapa Aramem- Howa UnawaH onv- il One eee ka met O6RsaHb1 apxeoniory TeNpuxy Unwmany. Nocne TpHymdanbHoro ycnexa a xonme TMccapneik, rie oH Halen pas- anmnet romeposcKom Tpow, Uinnman eanca nponommurs nowcKn nereHnap- Hix roponoe H coKPOBMul. Bb:Gop nan Ha Fopoa, ommyna 6tin pogoM npensoguTen’ olicka, rioKopnawero Tpow, ~ MixkeHbl. B varanu Mlaacahan MuKeH Yxe Texan B ymax w cwnTannce cenoi ApesHocrow. A KpoMe Toro, npwBonMMe rpeKOM cBeAe- Hina paitne cyan. Bor K demy cBonMTCA fero onucanwe: «Cpean passannn MixeH axoniten (noqseMHit) sonoeM, Haat acm Mepceed. Tyr Guinn w nonsense coopymenna Atpes n ero cunoselt, re XpaHAnAce Wx COKpoBHa W GorarcTBa. Tyr morwna Arpen, a TakKe M Mor Tex, KoTopbie emecte ¢ AraMeMHOHOM BepHy- nce va Anon Tent He menee lnuwava ynomnnaninn © coxposnuax npsenn 8 socropr. Hagence ‘oTbickarb 4o-M69, NO YeHHOCTH conocTa- fvvoe C npocnasMewnM ero uNt «KnaZIOM TIpwamas, apxeonor peawo npMMAncA 3a pa6ory. Uyrbe ero He O6MaHynO ~ Hava packorkn nerom 1876 rona, ye K cent ‘OH TOPMECTBeHHO OBEABHN 0 TOM, MTO Ha len Te cambie rpoBuiups, 0 KoTOpe rican MagcaHini. Co ceoficraenHon emy Gecxow- npowccHocro Luma Tyr xe oGbABHA canyio Kpynnyo Ho OTKpBITeK We POSH TocnepHiin APHCTaHMINeM roMePOBCKOFO ‘AraeMnowa. Tnnyouwh apxeonor HeMenneHKo oT- ‘npasin Kopome [peunn Tenerpammy cne- yiowero conepwanns: «C GeckoHesHont agocte¥o coo6ulaNo BaweMy BenMuecTey, ‘To Hawien Moruns, KoTOpHIe npeAaHne, 2 jcnen 3a Hawa u FlascaHn, cunTaeT MON awn Aramemnowa, Kaccanaps, Eepnme- ova wx cryTHMKos. Al Hawen 8 MorMnax orpowbie CoKpoeMula 8 BME apKaMHbix rMpeameros uncroro sonora. Onn 3THx OKPOBMUY ROCTATONHO, HTOGe 3anonHHT Gonsuiolt myaei, KoTOpbin cTaHeT caMbim syyaechin wa caere myseeM, w acerna GyaeT Ipwenexars 8 [peuiio TucAYA HHOCTPAH- eB. Tak Kak 8 TPYMRYCH MAUD vo MOBEM Hayne, TO, pasyMeeTcn, HM ® KaKOit Mepe vie npiermzaio Ha 27a CoRpOBMULa, a MMKO~ BaHwem © cepnaue NpMHOWY Wx BCE B Aap Teun, Flycre on craHyT KpaeyronoHtaM awneM HeoGwATHoro Ha\yoHaMSHOrO Go- rarcreay Coxposmuy 12 mKeHcnAx rpoGHHM, eicrevrensho 6bino waBNeYeHO HeMano. ‘Onwoi wa camtsx yauBnTenbHe0x HaXOAOK Cran vaRUIHBIe MacKA 43 TOHKOTO MMACTO- ‘oro aonova, cnopei 0 KOTOpbOX KAA ‘Ro.cvx nop (HexoTOpete cuMTa- vor, 70 TaKan pa6ora 6tana ‘on CAny HMw BH3aH- TTcKiM MacTepam X sera). Bcero apxeo- norm W3@neKnA ws aaxoponennh oKono 13 anorpammos 30- nora 8 Bune comix paannunsor vogenni Nipaeaa, sonperi ox- avis, ‘mene cero PF sparouenwocred Haunoce 1876 rony oH npoven 3jec MacuTaGHbie panic Ha onncanne packonky, 8 peaynsrate KoTOpbix Geno APeBHerpeveckoro alaneHo orpomHoe KonmuectBo 20ncTex nitcarena Tlascaniin. B YepaueHni m niorpeGanouex fapoe. Ho cBoem xeHMA, MORYMMBUIME HaBBaHHe «yNbeBENO, ni exynonbaboxs rpobHHy. OHM 3aranann 4 poll nonoswie Il aexa, OH ynomunan 0 naMsTHAKaX 3roro ropoga. OakaKo cTo- ur yuecte, To Ko Bpemenn Bra zonoras macka HamHoro peste TposHcKon BomHet B cambx KpynHix rpo6- uuax. OveBMAHO, AO HM ‘abHbiN-faBHO no6panvice COxOTHMKH 32 cOKposMUla- ‘mu. Ho KynonbHie rpoGHn‘Ubi anevarnann m cami no ce6e. lame ec 601 wx o6apyxcnnn a6comoTHO nycTeIMMN, ‘oH 61 ce paso nponssenn $ypop. Tpeveckne mmpamugpt 'Muwencrne rpoShiypi sxynonsHoro» (wn synoesoro») Tana Gonee npaswnsso Hastia,0TEA«TOROC. 370 rUrANTCKHe KOH oo6paatiie wynone, CROMeHHEse Wa KaNeH- sx 0x08, KKOTOpEIM BERET BBINOXEHH Crponmmar nnTaM KOpHROP («AfpoMoC). Crporenscrso atx coopyneinit Tpe6o- Bano OF MaCTepOB APEDHOCTH HERON Hox cnocoGHOcTedi n HiOReHepHEN SHH Orpowmie Kamentiove re. yxranbiea- ‘nce Ayr Ha Apyra 6e3 WcnionssO8aHi Ka- oro-ni6o censyowero pacreopa - om ARepxanice c nomoubi cobcraeHHoro neca canes TpeHNR. Tow TaKOI TexHononMn no- 6an ownGxa morna crate poxoson, aman xpynian rpoSknua, Koropyio Wnvmah snonapane Aramemnony, viteer Avamerp 145 merpa, A shyTpeHinn Bi ora kyntona coctaanner 13,5 merpal Bne- arnneT pasmep ncronesoBaBullxcA Mi xehuamn 6noKo8:cornacho cospeMentim acverany Kamentan nepenbisKa Has BxO- ROM 8 rpobHMuy BeciT oKaN0 120 TOHH! Kann 6pas0m apeanne nepemeuiann M nonHnMann Take rmeiGs1 ~ ocraeTeA 3araaKot. Bnevarnaer MW woBennpHan ToH HoCTB, € KOTOpOM ycravasnnBanice Kant i, o6paayrouyne cau Kyron, - oH con aCaIOTCA nub BHYTpeHKIMH peOpaM, apannearce apyr Ha npy- ra. Aujenn, o6pasyoune- A cHepyrn, sanonnents Gonee menknn Kamin 1 neckom. NonaTHo, aK 31a KOHCTPyRUVWA CromT celiac, Ho Kpaline tpyqWo mpencrasite, Kak ee crpo- wna sion, 8 pacnopane- Hun ROTOpHO HMenMce Tomko Cambie npocteie mexaniant, Cormac. npwmeprtim ouentan, Ha crpouTent- 80. opHOHHrpoOHMYs: yxoRNNO oF nonyroga AO ona. Mlotow senuxonen- Hoe coopymenne nonho- ‘coo sacninanoce 2ewnerh Chapym Gain snnew nis orpomneitxonn 8 rny6nHe KoToporo expeseanch T0- ‘noc. Boe senukonenie Bhy- Tpenvero y6panctea (roH- saan peso6a w ronowtbi us seneHoro ana, npsesesHoro 13 obi KaMeHo- omer, HaxonMaunxcn 8 100 Kinomerpax or Men) npenmastavanoce weKmOM- ‘embHo ANIA BLICOKOPORHOTO NOKOIHIKA, Kak morowcnenbie sonore taps Tlorepaunoe uma ‘Tak Aina Koro me Gein Boasenen caMbii Gonouoh muKeHcKMi Tonoc, HasBaKnbsl Wnnwakom «rpo6Hnuen Aramennowas? Benp ero crponTemscteo notpe6osano He- Tpekn cunrann, sro AramemHon nocne ‘Bosepauienus vs-noa Tpow 6in Y6ur HesepHol xeHOH Packonka 8 MuxeHax. Unaman wasepxy haMeHHTeXX JbBHHEIX BOpOT anbix yeni, loka 8 | BeKe no Hawelt 2pb1 inate He nocrpounn xpam MepKypita B Balink, mukenckii Kyron senanea Kpyn erwin 8 mupe! Aosonsiio cxopo crano cho, uo Ara MeMHOH snecb HW nIpM eM. Kak 6s! Hit xorenoce Unnmaly oxMeNTS crpaHHUbi Winvanei, Ho HalipenHoie ume MuKeriax COopymeHIIA H 30N!OTHIe ManeNHIA OKa32- Duc crapwe spemeHn, Koraa npegno- oxnTensHo npowsowna Tponicran soiiva Ww mor 2xuTe ArameMHon. MosTomy AOBONDH cKOPO orpom- Hol Tonoc crank Ha3biBar> erpobriyen Arper» (a wHo- Tha ~ «coxposnuyinyeiy, WameKan Ha 30n0T, nox lWeHHoe oTcona qpesHumn # copamm). Arpeem seann F oma nerenpapHoro Ara: Memnona. OM nmeer Bron: We KOnKpeTHBA UcTopHve- ‘can nporoTin: 8 xerTcKMx CTONHMKaX. ynomMHaeTCA Lape Arrapuccisnc. pasiin on 8 Xill sexe qo Hawel pb. (OpsaKo nogpoGubie nc- ‘neqoeanua Tex caMix 30- noTeix wacok noKaaany, «To ewe nner o ewe Gonee ce- ‘oH Apestocma. Hecworpa Ha aRBNeHIMA ckeMMKoS, Gonouinncrso yueHbox gatupyeT aonoTbie ack 3 MuKeH 1550-1500 rogami no Hawett apo. XoTA caMan WaBeCTHaR M3 Hitk W waabIBaeTCR no-npexHeMy «xackolt Ara- -MemHona», Ho peanbHo caenana ona Bina 80 BpeMeia, KoTOpEIe GbinH MUKgMNecKHNAA yee Ana repoes noxoga Ha Tpovo. Victopian He coxpanuna ana Hac uMeH mnnenickyx npasuened cepenmuts Il Tice enetwa jo Hawier apes. Bropy npegnono- 2x4Te, 4TO TuraHTeKaR TpOBHMUA xpaHina B ce6e npax camoro Flepcer ~ muponorye- Koro ocHosarena Muken. OgHako 370 yme OGnacts cKopee nuTepatypol, weM ACTO- itn. Cambie ocropomibie wccneponarenn pegnonarait, “TO TpOGHHUL Beinn BCE 2e NloctpoeHb! oxono 1250 ropa Ao Wawel 2Pbi, a ApesHNe NpEAMETDI B HX MORON 17M Kak 3k yeameHNn K NOXOPOHEHHHAM, Ho, Moxer 6virs, orpomebifi ronoc 6tin BosmeHrHyT fA WapA, NPM KoTOpOM Mit- KeHbI cram No-HacTOAUleMy BenAKMMA? YeHbIe cumTaIor, 4TO OKoNO 1450 ropa AO awe 9pbi MUKEHUBL NepexMBANA HaCTO- ‘uni pacyser. Veo Torna Wan 6b ToKOpeH ocrpos Kpmt, oTvero aty UNBH- ‘uauio vail Bcero HasbIeaIOT KPHTO-MH- KeHckoit. MikeHst Toprosann v BoeBann No acemy Cpegisemnomopeio, ocean unio w Ervner. K Xill BeKy AO Hames poi Mnkenti sin cHnsHeruiMN rocynap- (cTB0M 8 maTepikoBoit [peuinn, ‘TaKoit MoWbi B3neT He Mor NpoMROaTA ‘camino ce6e, Kro-To nomen Guin fate ApeB- Het uneunisaunn TonYoK gan paaeuTan, 32. AnomurT moryune roponcKHe CEH. OcHo- Barb AMMaCTAO, KoTOPAA XKeNeSHOI PyKOR paswia Ha npoTmKeHMM coTeH ne. BHAW- ‘Mo, uimeNHo AA sTOro oTYa-ocHoBaTenA M sina noctpoesa rpoGunua. [Ina Hero H ero HacreMMKOB GbiNM aToTORNEHBI TOMA lume sonoTeie macki. Ya, PAOM He OKa3a- ‘noce no3ta, pasHoro fomepy. Minn me BpeMA He coxpaniino ANA Hac BeNAYECTReHHbIA noc, pasisit eMinwane» v «Omncceer. MHa- ‘Ye mis 3Toro ApeaHero npaBHTena Moen aeyvano Gel cerogHa rpoMve, eM Hwa ‘Aramemnona vw Menenan, Ho yats ~coxpasit- ‘ice TontKo mnpel o Mepcee. A HacroAUee Ww 3a6siTorO SnacTenMHa NOMAAT nis CcTeHbt ero rpoGHMuts Buxmop BAHEB BHYTPM Kynona erpo6Hnus ArpemrBJIACTh IIPOMECCOP? HA BOHH TIpesugent FOxxHou Kopen Tpe6oBan HaHecTu AepHbIn yaap to Kutato Tlepsbiit npesmaent }OxHOH Kopen JIM Coin Max Goin YeM-TO NOXOx Ha BOKAA POCCHVICKHX GONBLIEBMKOB, Bnaawmupa nba Sienna. Xora 06a 3aHMMan AvMameTpansHo npoTusonont FE Se Merniionnscame .yNPAMBI HM HecrOBOpYN- B01, 068 Gonbuiyio uacTe >KM- Hw npogenn aMurpaumn, rae GeckoHewno cnopun ¢ onno- HeHTan, 068 & KOHUE USK oarnanann cBoM CTpaHeh OBEN WK RO TpaRTaHcKO! Poncrsennux xopona Mlepaii npesnnenT Onion Kopen, poaveunicn 26 Map ra 1875 ropa, Gun panonina poncraennkom Koponesckon eon. apece. ero. cyab6a wewe-o nepeceraercn c Mt MoM ~ 20 cx nop XORRT cay, so) ware Yroawosuix wena raKoe-To oTHOWeNNe «Uap: cxomy asopy. OxoHwa. yrBepcarer_ 8 Tepe, Jin nonarancn caare >kGaMet,uTO6u SaHATS MOE rio" Ronvrocre. Opaxo fons Gunn HeynasHenmn (vanpaumeaercn "ovepenvan ‘panne ~ Sexi orazancn HecocronTensitin KaK ano rar, ackope nocre sror® pe- tun, sro coupanonan cncrena Pocemm wayne. He. ropes, cnenonatenbno, ee Nano vs wenn). Jia Chm Mant nowen pyri rye: ne nana yore xa va simopnmaeen cTese, 4 nocryniin 8 yue6vioe sapene- fine, orxperroe aMeprinanc tin macenonepan sui anenuicanh mb wc xanHO- Cro Hapocnnea Ha wsyvenne anepinavcroi xynbryps. 8 eaynerare Jin nowyscreosan tye x o6iecTaenWon nen: Tenbwocty, Cran aKTasncroM akrwanoncnoro paiinenna, 2 8 1897 rony yxe Gun apecrowan 2a yiactve B RewoNerpaunn Inpome ANOMCKOR onxyaLyn 6 1OXHbIE NOSMUMM, (enna snepssie apecrosa- ‘nw 8 1895 ropy). Sim nonwsran- ca 6exaTb, Ho ero nomManH M pnrosopnnn « noxMsHEHHO- My 3akmoueHINo. M BOT TyT-TO Kopelicknin GyHTape Ha cO6- cTBeHHO! wKype NosHan, TO Taxoe af. FinoHubi He YepeMo- HMAC ¢ MeCTHAIMA PeBOnIO- unoHepamn. Ecnm Bragwmmp Vinows, can 8 poccnicKoh TopbMe, MMTANCR Aye, eM snocnegcrsn 8 sMurpauyn, ro Jin Cun Man riogaepranca HacToRUMm nbiTKaM ronoAOM xononoM, perynapHeim 43- Gnennan. Oghako OH He Tepan naneKabi: HaXORACS 8 3aKTI0- KOM ocTasnaembie ero Apy- aBAIMM W AMNOMaTaMu, Mo3Ke (OH pacckasbiBan, 4TO MMeHHO 8 ‘ToppMe Cran HacToRUIMM xpH- Jiu Coin Man Hactonexo POHNKca 3ananHeiM AYKOM, ‘tro 20 eropofi pas xenwinca Ha @panuymenKe Opanunce Bonnep a / cTvaniioM, npHobuiMe « Bu- nnn ¥ ApyrMx 2aKMIOVEHHE. 8 1904 rogy ero ornycrunw, Jim yexan 8 CWA. Ero yuupepewterst 310 Gna Knacceckan auarpaun. Ho exopenicant Vines, ~ shecto Toro sTo6s riers rio W xanoBaTecR Ha Imeprnocto kapona, KoTopeHt fey, Aobenocs pencTesnar, Jv wacroinaneo -ynnca. On npowen Npmeron, Tapsapa w Yuusepemer Dopaa: 82 lumirrona, crae_nepabin o- peituen nonyaweunn creneve Fovropa ¢unocodn TIpnGnuienbwo vwewno fa spew Th cranoowTen yoexaernm — sanagvinon, Mewraioui aamewTo. Tpaai- ttonnre yennoctn Kopencro Tro o6uecTBa CBOGOpHDIM pbilt- rom, neMoxpeTvel mt anacToo Saxon, Tlocne weckonbiin net, nposenensix 8 CLA, on Bep- & Hynca @ Kopeto, Ho 8 3T0 Bpe- MA ANOHCKHe BnacTM Mayan pecnenovar> xpucruar. JIM ‘HOB Npmunoce yexaTe ~ Ha aTor pas Ha Tapainn. Kazanoce, yBHb OCHOBaTENA XPMCTHH- Ccko¥t wombs (Ha 3TOM None Jim tpynmnca Ha Fasatinx) 06- pena onpeneneHisie KoHTYpE Ho 8 1919 ropy oH nepeexan 8 Wanxai, re Geino cosnaKo pawrensctao Kopen warHa- ini, Mononoro amGnynosHoro ‘oxTopa Hayx wa6panu ero ma- 80M, m8 TeveHwe wecrH net JIM PyKOBOAHA 3Toh «crpaHHoity CCTpyKTypoi, npakraveckn He viMesuied nonuTauecKoro Beca, OgnaKo name 8 Takom amopp- HOM O6pasosaHin oH npoRBUT ‘ce6n mmecrknM pykOoBonMTerem (¢ AMKTaTOpcKHN SaNaUIKaNn, Mlostomy 8 1925 rogy ero o6- ‘BHHANH 8 NpessiWieHAn NoNHO- Moun w oTnpaBuinn a orcraeKy. O6verenHtili IM yexan & CWA, fe nponommin ce0I0 enTenbHocTe Ha HHBe xPHCTA- ‘aHcKoro muccHoHepcTea. BpAA,‘1M OH cyMen 6s npoRBHTTS caOM, lonumaeckne TanaHTl, ecnit 681 He Bropaa muppoean Bort, epexponawian mp. AAMMHcKaA KOH epeHUUMA onenina Kopewo no 38-1 na- ppanneni Ha Cesep u1lOr: cesep- Han wacTe npwaqnexana CCCP, a voxnan ~ CIA. AmepaKanibt HeKoTopoe spems ynpasnann ceoeh 30Hoh caMocToRTenbHo, HO HeaHaHWe MeCTHEIX ycno- Bit npseno KnionwrMueckomy Kpaucy. Ceseporopelickne KoMmyiicTo! 80 rnaBe c GeIB~ uw KannTaHoM coBercKolt ‘apmuan Kin Up Cetom peannice anacta. 3anaxno nopoxoM, H CWA scnomHunit 0 ROKHNOM, Ho ace euje AenTensHom # 60- Pom oKrope dunocoin JM Coin Mane, niterouiem oneir no- -urtaseckor 6pE6u, Fewepan Maxapryp, Komat- Ayounit comaHtumn oKynau- ‘OnE BoFicKaNN & AINOHHN, a cBoem msHom camonere nocraswn ero # Ceyn # nopy- ‘wun cosganne npasuTenscrsa M apnamenra. Ucronp3opannpiit ulaHc “Awepukanus! Toponinuce — wa 1Ore uapnn nonweilt paa- pair: cpean KorypenTos Jin tino cabiue nByxcor nonuTn- secrinx apr AJ Co Man yxe Tora nponeun ceéA Ma- Tepom noakosepHiom Gopy- 6ut. Cnomoutoio CLA K Havany pesmentcxx eu6opo8 Hero He ocranoce cepbeshix npommeHnkos: nunepes nest naptwh nonseprnnce penpec- ‘cnam, pykosoniTen’ 1oxHO- opeiicrwx Konmyncros lax Xon En cOexan Ha Ceaep, nv- ‘ep Haywonannctos Kum Ty, Pykosonuens [lewoxparae- ‘ckoi naprun Cow fn, enaBss yMepention npaBoi oannuiin Man flow Cy w E Ya Xen Goin yamironenbs Tak s70 20 wiona 1948 rona crano_murom Tprympa. ROK Topa dnnocomn ~ npeanaer- om JOxwoi Kopen cran sa Coit Mai. K tomy Momenry emy Grsno ye 73 ropa, 3tor noct on saHuMaN 1948 no 1960 roa. Ho yme 8 1950 ropy Hosoro npeannen ‘a mniano cepeesHoe ucneira- tine — ecnenxryna Kopelicxan 8ojiMa, nponommasuaca ypM ropa. Cesep Kopew, rae aaceni Koumyncts,, oOpABHn 0 co3- rani Kopeiicxoh Haponwoh Tlemoxparnveckort Pecayénu. kh, KoTOpaA He npHaHana lO: y!o Kopew. Bonee Toro, Kum Vip Cex sansinn 0 rotosHoct oGeegunute acio Koper nog ‘ceowm pyxoBogcTBom. Paayme- erca, Hi Jim Coil Man, Hit ero oKposuren CUA He corna- ‘cunace c aTHm 3ananennem, Havanace soitHa co com Hof nonurnuecKor KOHOry- Payweit: KHAP nonnepxnean Aevoramn uv opyxnem CCCP, Kran npegocragnn um ceon Wemanwie soficxa. IOxian Ko- pen soesana Ha AeHorW WC oMoujs#o opyxna CUA. Hao crazaTp, To ee nonomeHne laworga eiiceno Ha sonocKe — Merowar Gonbuolt Goesoh ‘OnbIT KuTaiicKaR apmunn, TaK mE kak cesepoxopeiickan apm copeTcKim opymwem, Boeea- sna ymeno w xpa6po. CWA npi- noc eMewaTecR, mHae 6b1 Pexnn Jv Coit Maa nan 661 8 CuMTaHHbie AHH. TpoTHBHIKH Yo HacTynann, TO oTcTynany, ‘WogM rMOnw, v oinn MoMeHTEs, Koraa CUA Gein rotoats c6po- cts Ha cesepAH atoMHyio 6oMGy. BoeHHoe nonomenne yayawiana w Hern6Kan nonura- eckaA nosnyuta nepeoro npe- swgienta - OM Kayan nonkoro ‘oGventenna nonyocrposa nop, ‘cBoelt anacro¥o 4 pann sToro. ‘vin roros a 8ce. On HecKonb- ko pas cpeisan neperogopss, Tpebosan ot CLA oKoHWarenb Hott noGegei w sacnyxn Taryn suenoseKa soHbi». Tonbko 8 one 1953 ropa, nocnecmepTa Cranwna KHAP, Kirafi w OOH 3aKnownnn cormawieHe 0 ‘npexpaweHinn Bovis. Ho JM Cum Man nognnceigars 3tor AOKyMeNT OTKaBANCR, Tak 4TO Bora dakrnuecKi 3aKOHUA- ‘nace sonpeku ero Bone, Tlocne Toro Havanuce Mupriie —_npeoGpasosannn, rae nepesii npesugent no- kasan ceGn, c onHOi cropoHts, akrieHbim PepopMatopom, a Apyroit ~ Hacronuyine auKTa- Topom. lon ero pykoBoAcraom Guna nposeneHa semenbHan Pedopma, noseunace Kpynian actwaR co6crBeHHOCTE, bin coaqanbi GanKH m crpaxoanie Konan. WW uro Get HA ro- opin, umeHHO npi Sin Coit Mane Havanoce npespauienne 'Oxvoit Kopen 3 orctanoit Ccrpanei Tpervero mupa 8 MH AYCTPHaNDHyIO, ABNAOUIYIOCA ‘OnHUM M3 nAnepOB BO MHOTMK otpacnax. Mepabi npesnaert FOxwom Kopen mHoromy Ha- yunnca y CIA: npuMepy, Bnepsvie 6 Asn Guinn co3 Aan! npopcow3ei no amepH- kaHickomy o6pasuy, nepsaa 6 Asnn MlwGepansHan napria, Se ren ener s Due nniees Eee onsinca PaGounit 2aKoH — «MIpodcowshesit akts, KoTOPEIA ‘ckonmposann c amepnKaHcKo- ro HaywonanbHoro akra Tpy- osx oTHOWeHHA, ‘Opraxo cknoHHocTe K npH- MeHeHMio cunbl W AnKTaTOp- ‘omwe samauixn JIM Coin Mata 3PMIMO NPORBHMCE B TOM, TO (OH nog yrpos0m npumeHeHiA ‘canei fo6unca or napnamenTa OTMeHbI OrpaHMNeHHA Ha 13- Opanne npesaera Gonbwe em Ha nea cpoka nogpag, Bra~ Fonapa Tomy Jn c nomowso Pasnnunex — makMnynaull, B TOM WHCHE MW >KeCTOKMK pe peccnit nporws. onnoamuuM, pW! cTaHoBMNcA pean enTom ~ 8 1952, 1956 w 1960 ropax. 15 mapra 1960 rona 84-ner- Hi Tia Cum Mali nyrem npea- BUIGOPHEK MaxHHayAA BHOBS 6uin vw36pan npeanjenTom. Ho Hapon yike Hacronbko ycran oT ipectapenoro aukraropa, 470 no crpave npoxarwnace eonHa abictynnenill Mw AeMoxcrpa- ui, Bnacra npumenunu cary, ' peaynprare vero nocrpanank Gonee 6000 wenosek, a 200 ue- ‘nosek norvGnn. 3To npuBeno K Tomy, TO CryReHTs! nownn Ha wTypM npesngesrcKoro ‘apopua. Jin Coin MaHa crac: 11M amepnkanups: Ha caMoneTe Douglas DC-4, npnnannexae: lew LPY, ero sbiseann we crpa- Mbt BMecTe c cynpyrolt Opan- ywckol loHNep 4 npHeMMbiN coiHoM. Flocnenine rope! o nn & croniue Fasaies, re w cKoH- vanca 19 miona 1965 ropa. Amumpuit KYIIPHAHOBYTO KAO rEPMAHHIO? GG BCR roe} -lo eZ ba colel=>cor(-leletsPaeleLyt ucTpe6uTb ems Les tre) BUCcTOpHM MupoBbix BOMH uHaN BOOpy>KeHHOrO KOHOAMKTa Berna BbIrASAeN OAMHaKOBO: NOGeAMTENb, , COKPYLMBLLA 2pMMiO NPOTMBHMKa, AuxroBan yciosus Mupa, nonyTHo rpa6a no6exseHHorO. MpakrMaHeckh HindeM He OTMMYaNICA H uHaN TepBo MMpOBON BOMHbI. A BOT B KOHYe Bropor muposoi BoitHbi TepMahns M HeMitb! BOOBLe MOTI MCHe3HYTb va ucropmu. focne oKoHNaHIR BOPOR MMpOBOI ob! TepMannn He wcHesna ToMbKO ‘ue noToMy, uTo 3TH mIoROeRCKHMe NaH! alunx sananibx covosHIKOB No akArMTe: oeckoit Koanvynn He nonepxan Cran. Mlapanoxc? Huyyte. Cornamenne e Terepane Ewe npn nepeol ecrpeve Ha sxicuem ypoone 8 Terepane mae: ir , ro npeat NOKMN ToOrmaWHW MMHKCTP dMHaHCOR CIA Tenpn Mopresray.B cenmaépe 1944 ropa Ha 2-1 KBeGeKcKOi KOHepeHyMn Ian sven a oBcyaaenne ian np anv YiHCTOH Yepunnnd m Oparknnn Pys- beter. K est nprarenace sanwcea Teppt Yaitta, unena «pwHaHcoBoro MHTepHayM- coanay w capsrrectopan perro Byncron concen 8 RoTOPOR TOBO- prnoco wy orp eunonwetiet “rane Moprenay» wacenevte fp teaon conparwrct Far anwar a 25 monmronon weosen erecting wecronsnix ner. Ho nna ce paso ron B aerycre 1946 rona Gino Biny- tuevo«Pyrosoncrso Ae BoenHon agvoninctpaipat b Tepuatian, Ho- Topoe noMmHo Guo Crary NOMMTA- ‘ecm pyrosogetoou ana orga: tmrontex Bohox B a0 crpate. HO fianwoe Pyrosoncreo. Mopresay ‘Seeparceatar On conan, so es” foi pauror © 2000 Kanopa Bie remeron paGownx CnMUKOM Be fund Pyaoener npweercTeoean Smenpegnoxeniia no ynywwernio», 2asne: «Ham cnenyer ObiTe >KeCTAHMM c [epMaHi- eff; WENO 8 BMY HeMeUKAA Hapon, a He Tonbko HauNCTOB. HyeKHO nH6O KACTpHpO- Bare HeMyes, mv60 OBpaulareca C HAMM Tak, 4TO6b! OHM He MOrnK BOCNPONSBOANTD. OTOMCTBO, KoTOpoe 3aKOUeT BECTH ceGA ‘Tak, Kak OM BeNH CeGA B NPOWINOM, Wnrepecto, 10 «nnax Moprenray» Bcxope «ecnnbut> B npecce. YnoMAKyTeit fbiuie Fappu Yainr no «cosmectuTenbcray> 6bin arentom CCCP, w ob nepenan 3TH 40- ymenos 8 Cosercrait Coro. A Tam Cran ‘an ykazanne no aunnomaTaNeckin Kata ‘am Nepepars wx 8 Tperai peiix, 4706bi 8 Bepnine Obino meHbule xenaiowNK HATA a cenaparHeiii mp c Aurnneli w CA, He- MeuKan raseta «énoKnuep Beo6axtep» Boiuina ¢ 3aronosKoM: «Pyssenst m Yep- ‘wunne cornacunice C eapelicKim yOni- CcTeeHHeim niaHoMs. Te6Gensc 80 Bceyc- nowiahve OGeABHN O nnaHe «npeBparit> Fepmanino 8 onHo orpomHoe Kaprodent- Hoe none». Peakoit kpumake nna Mopret- Taye nogseprnu razerbi AHEM u CLA, Pasropenca cxangan. Npa- evrensctsa CIA w Axrninn Gein BuIKyIKeHD! OTKNOHMT: nav 8 nepsom ero eapuarre, Wo B Yenom ero wen Guinn Coxpanenst M BonnoWeHb! Ha TeppuTopuax sanaqHeXx 30H oragynayinn. Tax, oKKynaUHOH- ble enact CLIA Ha TeppuTo- psu Fepmannn: = mposenn peyesrpann- 3a\ynio GaHKOBCKOA cHCTeMEs, cosqas onnuHaquaT> Orpen xe GaHKOBCKMX OKPyFOB CO cau UB; Feupn Moprenray ~ Cornacho nnany Mopresray Tepmanna nognexana pasneny, a oKono 25 MUANMOHOB HeMues - YHHYTOXEHIIO «3T0 MO>KHO 6bUI0 Ha3BaTb OAHMUM CIOBOM ~- KOUIMAap...» Nonoxenne ycyry6unoce mannnonamin Gexenyes uw jenopTaposaHHbimn HeMya- ‘mu, BbicnaHHini 13 Snb3aca M SloTaput an ~ npoBMHunii, BosBpaweHHoix Opan- un, KaHagcrnit nacarens Tenenpomiocep Po6ept An- eH 8 caoeit Crarbe MUHbIM Goin Yyposen» cmepTHocTH e crpave, B onHoM 13 ‘CeomK noknanOB Mepdi riscan, UTo wm Fpayna vw opmunanbHbilt yposeH’ cmepr- HOCTH NoKasbiBaior, 4TO Yepe3 TPM ropa HaceneHine Tepmanun Gynet cocrasnsTt 71 munnnon, ecn xe ocHOBEs- areca Ha peansHom ypoBHe ‘emeprHocta, To nyswe ucnone- 30827» uMbpy B 69 mannHOHOB. eHaunnan c 1945 no cepe- Avy 1948 ropa mei Ha6mona- M1 Nopabowenne, yHixeHne, Yynnuroxxenie uenolt Ha, — 3TO chosa opMyepa meq UUnHcKoit cayrx6en BMC CUA. Kanaran AnsGepr Benke cpas- Han HemeuKii w ronnanAcKnit onop: Ma npoTaxeHiN MHOTUX Mecryes 6 HeKoTopex o6na- cctnx Tepmannn payon, ycra- HOBNeHHDIIA COIsHHKaM, CO- casnan 400 Kanopui 8 pes; 8 GonbunHctse oGnacrel oH ‘Sein yrs HinKe 1000 Kanopuit 8 fen. YcTaHORReHHbil me Ha- Fepuarnn Mecrunkom Tpetbero pei 8 Tonnanawa Aptypom 3eiicc-MiwBaprom paynon co crasnan 1394 Kanopun 8 eM, KoTOpHAA Fonnavauss nonysann acerna. WMeHHO 32 yerpoewnvin 8 Tonnanan rono Zeice- Wnkeapra nosecunn comaHnnn, Bce sto moxHo Gsino 6b HaBBatb reHO- ‘unnow. Ho cefivac npegnownraior nyrare HeMjes, poqveuMcA ye nocne BOF, >myTKnma craakaNtn O «a8epcTBaX pyccKAK ®apsapoe, rpa6voux HecHacrHEA HeMeR M Hacnnosasuin wx meMuynt. OnHaKO Hi Keo He BCNOMMHaeT 0 TOM, TO WMeHWO H3- 32 nporvsonenicrewn Crannia Tepmanwa ve 6uina Bosepaujena # jo6uemaproscKie pemeva, pasqpoGnena M npespawena KoHrnomepar HeGonbulnx arpapHbnx rocy- sapere. Kerar, sa6srr0 w 10, uro 8 caoet sone ‘oxxynaunn coBeTCKOe KoMaHigoBaHiE NpH- naranio OrpoMHe yCANAR ANA Toro, sTO6 HakopmirT HeMyes M BoCcTaHoBHTs Npo- IolunexHocre, To ecre fate paGoTy muTe- ‘nm. oxgynuposaHtix HeMeUKIX aeMenb, Coverciah Cows, Koropeiit foment Grin Nonysirs sHa¥iTensiyo Aono penapauni: < Fepmannn nytem nepenawin eMty o60py- Rosanna pemouTuposaHbn HeMeUrn NpennpnaTnl, cKopo yBeRwCR, TO AMY Topasno euironHee coaqaeare Ha MecTe, 8 Tepmanin, aKywonepHvie o6wecrra w suisosnTe © cveT penapaunit rorosvin "nponyKuio aT¥x o6uects Tak me O6CTORNO eNO W co CHaBmeHN ‘em npogosonscravem HeMmeyKOro Kace- rRewa, HMKTO v3 HeMUe® He OMAN, ATO npasurenscrso CCCP nporeut TaKyin 34- Gory © Minx. Tem Gonee HinkTO He Haneanca W He Mor weNTaTb 0 TaKWX HOpMaX nuTa- un, ipowurae nActoaky 0 HOBBIX HOpHaK, Karonieckni caAuenkuK AOKTOp Mare 3anain: «O, 270 npexpacnol! Taki HopM epmani He sana qame 8 nepawii ron some. Heys: GuicTpo nouyacraosann PaZHiy MeNAY BOCTONHOH M aanazHoA 3ovanan onxyriauyan.cKopo MHorwe cBe- ran c Banana Ha BocTox, cnacance oF ‘wlemoxparnye, npmweceNHOl Ha WToKAX Haus comoanniKor, ‘Anexcandp UIVMHJIHH Munocepane pyccKoro Hapona ocoGeKHo ApKo PosBunace npH onpemeneHnH cyAL6H NobexAeHnoHCYESHYBUIHE Boiicka, coBepwienHbix _no- Tlotomox Uunrucxana gpe 452 roe ero Toe mano ocHOBaHo KacnMoscroe cTan pyccKuM llapeM xan, npmmnuann ysacrve trTarapenne orpaah BMeCTO Bata P'po3HOro ye oui cnyx6y — 3acTasbi oTnpasna- ‘Mch Ha py6exn Pycu, 4 f0- fon. yeneumo oTpaxann tabene nasaleictn epee Tarap, Horees”W npOcTO =20- Poscrss none Kacnos cran tlenTpow npiAenin Qa TeX ‘mycynbmal, KoTOpble, Gyay4nt npinwnnan v3 panox MeCT, eran ce6e noeoro coseper, HaTbcA Ha cnymOy. K TOMY Ke norown Yay MyaMivena MOr- mnpetennosare na Kasavcoth npecron. 310 weno Gonsiioe pefmworo WUMNeCTE AO Cano ro noxopenta Kasay. 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KHAa —NOXOAAX —pYCCKOrO Bona, XVIBeK 10‘Mockoackwe W apH crapanice coxpanrTe ¢ peixonuanen ws Ka- ‘cmmoscroro xaxcrea xopowne oTHoWeHMA. He Gbin wckniovennem app Mean IV Bacunsesiy, npossaHiit 8 Hapone Mpo2- Hom. Cpean ero nio6umyes vin KacHMOBCKMA xaH Ca wi-Bynat, nonysnounit n0- ce Kpewenn nun Cameona Bex6ynatosina. OH, Kak wero penn, BepHo cnynn Poc- ‘aim, ywacreoean @ SIMBoHcKOr Bovine n Goin meHaT Ha pon- craewnnye WeaHa TposHoro ~ ‘AwacTacin HepKaccror. 81575 rony uape Heoxwaay- Ho mo6posonsorepenan cao ‘TpOH Cumeony BexBynaroenuy. Bee Guino uni-unapen Ho- Bit yap Goin BeHvaH no BceM nnpaswnam 6 YcnewcKoM coBope Kpennn wankoi MoHowaxa. On pencenatenscreosan 8 Ayme semcxax Gonp (nanomsn, 70 orga uapcreo 6isno ewe pas- eneHo va onpnuniy w 3eM- ‘uyny, wanazan or cBoero wme- ‘Hn npasuenscreennole yra2v. B Mocxse uape Cnmeon Bex Gynaroam Hn, oMpyReHHEIT MW BBOpOM, B TO BpeMA ak cam Heah [po3Hest, yan swonatencHo.HasbisaBU Te- rep ce6n «MsaHyom MocKo ‘nm, nocenunca @ cxpomott OGcranoaKe Ha NetpooKe. B #0" nocnaHnnx K CrmeoHy VioaH Tposkoit cobniogan npi- HaTiie opmyne! oGpaujenin TopaHHoro K uapio: efocyna- PO BennKoMy KHRI CeMHOHy Bex6ynaroswo cea Pycuit Veaney Bacnmes c cBommn ermuann, ¢ blearyon pac Genopyow, enow Goi... Ho HecMorpa Ha ace 3T0, 6on- uwwicrBo xnTeneh Mockess Poccni nperpacko noHawan, sro antavecram npapiTeneis rocynapcrea ocTasance Mean Bacwnveawy, ictopnim fo cine nop cno- PRT 0 TOM, A Mero UapIO no- apOGuncA Tako «Mackapany. Ecre HeckonbKo sepanti, No convo, Vaan Tpoastii xoren noywacreosate 8 atiGopax Ho- 800 nonscKoro KopOn, H ero Kanamnatypa Ges pyccKoro uapcroro Benya Geina Oi Ha ‘¥x ssiGopax npeqnowrirtens- Hei No apyroit sepciny, sons: Bet npencKasann cyesepHony npasurenio, «ro 8 1575 rony smocKoRcKni ape _nonKeH ymeperb». I VeaH Bacunbeon Pewinn noncrpaxosarecn, rion- (cTaBMB BMeCTO CeGR eMOCKOB- ‘Koro apr B Ye Crmeora Bex6ynaroswa. Kak Goi To HM 6in0, Cie eon BexSynaroans npoSiin PyccKMM YapeM cero opi aquaT> mecnues. Yxe 8 aBry- cre 1576 ropa Wean Tpoanesi BepHyn cee TpoH, 2 «apa Cimeota> noxanogan Ben Keim KHRMECTEOM TeepeKiM 4, cooTBercraeHHo, THTynom ‘BennKoro KHRBA. B 1580 rony, Cornacho nucyoaoi KHiTe OC: HoH ananeHnit, y Crmeona Seino 13 500 pecank naxoTHott aewnn. Cameo umen TMOMHOUeHH BenIKO- osmecinit sop ~ cao npwKaasi, cBovx Gonp W cTonsinKos, aBopeu 8 Teeph n nocroankyio Peavnenuwo 8 Gorarom ene Kywannno. Lapo- BaHHwnn emy 3emnamn acnopaxanca nour camosnacrio, o6nanan ocoGeim npasom cysis anosaTe «mognwex cone. Thonn suarreie MHe overt 8 canow xancraenpa- snuian macran coxpa- waa epyieypy Mycyni- anexoro rocynapcrea nonwocTsie wesaeMcr oro @ aenax sHyTpeN- vx. Bye, wanpniep, Hox pa6os, xora 8 camoit Poc- ‘cnn pa6crB0 AasHo yore Bein aanpeweno. Mo-Tarapcnn pa- 608 Haabieann «ypar. Bosrnaenan xaHcTso, Kak onaranoc, cam xan. BceMM ‘Renan saseqo8an raga npa- sirenscrea - suampp. A MecT- Hylo snacrs ocyuecrenann ypaei m Gexn, Hemant ent ‘ave OGnagann yeaxaembie niga ~ aransiKn ~ v Gorarue yn. Kacnmosckne Tarapsi 80 spema Cmyre! cbopmnposa- ‘ni Boitcxo, KoTopoe & cocTase Broporo ononyenna Mania W TlomapeKoro cpaxanoce ¢ TROMAKAMM M «BOPORCKMMM Ka ‘akan. A onnH 3 KpeUleHB TaTapenix myp3, KHA3S Ypycos, ‘nwo 3apy64n opHoro v3 ca moseanyes - JoweaMurrpi I onopat, of cnenan 370, oro ‘ctuB 3a cBoero 6para, KOTO bi ObIN KasHEH no NpHKasy camossanua, B Gonsuimncree caoem Hace- enne KacnmoscKoro xaHcr#a RO Konya XVI Bexa co- Kacumoscxwm rarapam npuusnoce xpaAnoc paGcTBO MW MpHBLIKATS K KHSHK cpeAKK necoe BMeCTO cywectsoean name poi- crenn coctonno ws Tarap m mopa- fbi. PyceKux Tam npowweano CcpasnirrenbHo mano. Bce OHM bin oceqnbiM — KoNesaTe ‘cPenn meuiepcxnx Gonot Geino ‘CHOxHO WACTO TexHMeCKH, 32- nnmanuce semnenennem, 6op- ‘TavuecTBom, ppiGonoscrsom 4 oxoroi B nogasnaiowem Gonsui- cree >xnrenn KacnmoscKoro xanctea Gbina MycynoMaHaM, Cayx6o npoxonmnn 8 meue- ‘TAX, KOTOpBIX Bbin0 nocTpoeHo Hemano. BynylWx cBAU\eHHO- cnyxurenell w aHaroKoR Kopa~ Ha rOTOBANN B MyCyNDMaHCKAK yueGubnx saseqennax~ menpe- ce. Mynnt wenn 8 xancTe Gonbwoe BnnaHne, ON Aaxe ‘opmmposan ocoGoe BomH- ‘koe nogpasgenenne - «Cen- R08 none, KoTopeil sbicrynan femecre c Apyramu orpAnaMi KACAMOBCKMX TaTaP 8 NOXOAL. Co spemenem Hacenenne Kacumosckoro xaHcraa nocte- enHo — pycudmumpopanoce. Bee Gonbwe w Gonbwe mnxnx KOHHBIX BoNHOB npespa luanoce @ OGbINHEX KDE CToAH, pemecneHHUKoD. W Toprosues. Mrorne 13 ‘TaTap KpecTHniicy, W xaH- ro ocreneHHo npe- Bpawanoce & O6bNHBIA vynen Pycckoro rocypap- crea. Tlocneaweh — npasn- Tenbunyeit KacnmoBcKo- ro xaHcrea crana Datmma- Gynrai. Ona Gouna xeHOr ana Apcnana u matepoio uapesnia Cevp-Bypxana. Cee cmeproio 2 1681 rony ctopun KacmmoscKoro xanctea —3aKoHuMnace. A racoackne Tarapei acceanuce no Poccu, hocreneHHo yrpaunean Bon Haynonarbbie Oco- Gentiocta. B camom Kaci Mose Ha ceroqHAWNWih eH wKnBeT BcerO AMUN ‘Kono 1100 rarap. ‘Buxmop KYPBATOB orea Peas aloes msi to) pa6otoprosey, Adpuxn PaGotoprosna - oTspatuTenbHoe geno. Npenmyuye- CTueHHO eto 3aHMManHice amepnkaHuisi. Ho HepeAKo of Noxynanu no pewiesKe pa6os y adpaKaHcKon ahaTH. OAHMM ¥3 NPOAABYOB M HOBITHMKOB KMBOrO, Tovapa 6bin adpuikateu, BOWeAWIMIA B McTOpMiO Nop, mene Tanny TH6. YyAywnii paboroprosey po- Jamnca 8 ron cmepma Nyu- aia ~ 1837-4, Ero ware Bus XaGu6, now Bywmpa, Gena wa aHaTHoro apa6cKoro pond ws ropoga Macxara (cronmua Owana). B Het Texna xpos cynratios, Orey Xamana (raxnn 6tino Hacronujee wn Tanny Tw6a) nponcxoavn us Herpos, APMHHMAELIK AKTABHO® yua~ cctwe 8 omnone cebe nogoGHbts. Aeeno Tom, uro mecTubie wei- xnucynrakts snot» no BTopoh onoannet XIX geKa umen 8 ‘ocHoBHOM fsa McTONHiNKa Tipo luseranin ~ Toprosnio cnoHo~ OM KocTEIO, 38 KaTOPOM yerpa- waanace aKcnenmyan 8 ry6> abpnnalcKoro — KONTHHEHT2, Toprosnio paGamu. Xosnesa Omana He 6bin ucKnio¥eHM Amnace Ha ABYK STH AOXOAHEIK ApennpuaTunx. Buirogupi «6usHec» ‘Apa6cxne enagbikn Ag- Pin OKHAM 8 OCHOBHOM Ha NoGepembax. OcranbHan Tep- PmTopnn AdpwKn, noxperTaa RewcTeeHHEiMM Neca, Gina parraveckn He wayyeta. Ho- MwanoHo 37H 3eMnn npnean- nemann apa6cKim xoanesane, Ho daxcrayeckn nN Goin 3ace- ‘etek MecTHBiMH YePHOKOMHNAM hemenamu, KoTOpple Hepenko yamenenvem ysHasann, 470 12 Komy-t0 noguinkaorca, Skcne- nun” 8 Hegpa HewccnenosaH- Hex 3emenb GbiN onacHbIMM Meponpunrunin: O6bITaNKOs ‘HOHOBOM KOCTH W pa6oe MOr- 1M yGnTe, x Morn cKOCHTE Gonestn wn sanpare ANKne seepy. Mpenkn Xamana bin oTwannintimn — agaHniopacTa- mw, BBITAHYSUIMNA BOMCTAHY cuactneei xxpe6ui. Mano Toro, To OHM BbOKAM — npa- eny Xamana ewe yaanoce 33 Kniownte ebironHiilt 6paK. OH >xennncn Ha Hesyuike m3 apa6- Koi 3haTm, KoTOpaR oGnanana rna3ax npeTeHgeHToe Ha ee Pyky onium HenocraTKom ~ e@ arb 6bina npocTomt axpuKan- Koi va nnemenn airy. Mpane- ‘a, Herpa W3 MecTHBIX, 370 He ocranosvno. Hanporwe, Takan >xeHMTe6a Obina Npegeniom ero euranwit. He @ nocnenHioe fowepen Gnaronapa TaKomy poncxoxneHno oTuy H AeAy Hawiero repon ynanoce wa6e- 2waT> YUACTH CaMMM CTaT> pa- anu, ohn pasGorarena u crann enone yeaxaeMbiMn mionb- mu. Mo BeiGpaHHon man crese AOMMeH Gein nioiiTH M cam Xa- ‘Map - apa6 no warepi w Herp: cyaxnn no oTuy. C sonbox ner Exeronwo rican Monopbix 3OPOBEIX YepHOKOXHX MYXHIAH nocrasnanuce 8 Espony CWA ‘om yuacrsosan 8 axcnenunex 32 CROHOBO KOCTBIO M pabamin B nepayio axcneqnyno 8 rny6b KoHTAKeHTa Xaman no- fan 8 Bospacte He To naTHan- tuarn, He TO eocemHaauaTy ner. Hpassi 8 Torgaunen AbpuKe 6uinm npocte, Ecan mexay AnemeHaMn Benvcs BOiHEs, ‘oxuana Bosce He y4acr> pa- 608: wx nonpocty conepxann ‘8 Hesone M Hcronb3oBani NO- OMepenHO 8 KavecTBe OBbi4 Horo Maca ~ To ect y6nBani, pasnenvisann w noenanv Ewe Bonpoc, To myuwe - GbiTe CeemeHHbiM WIM nonacts 8 pa6crao. Pa6awa nnenHiKn CraHosMnncs HeYacTo: Gea- HocTe abpukatyes He 0380- ‘nana wm conepxaTs pa6os, Bry ocoGenriocTs —mecTHo ‘Mononof Xamag - 33 cMewiHbie AeHErn oH noKynan nneHHM- os went nrapraamin. Ho, nO Gonswomy cuery, conepxars leny sTmx paGos 6tino Herne - Xaniaga He Geno coBcrsenHeix naHTaunit, nosToMy cHavana ‘o} nepenpogasan nnenHuKos: Gonswok suironoi Ans ce6A (xorn, ecru pazo6pareca, Tome 3a cMewiHbie Ana eBponeiyes MW amepnkanyes aeHery). 3270 8 mnazax cooTevecTBeHHMKos Xaman cKopo cran cunTarecn oueHe Gorarsm YenoBeKoM.Kpome 6orarcrsa, o4 o6nanan W OrpomHo Bnacroio mM axe asropwTerom cpenm Herpos: egea ysvmes orpag Xanaga, fnnemena npennownrann ty xe cfaBaToCA eMy Ha MiMNOCTS, Bnacte cynraHa 3ansu6apa, koropomy nonwnnanca Xamon, bina qn MecTHbix Bcero MWe ‘cnosamu, a cam Xana ~ Brion He peansHon BoeHHO! cHno;A. ‘Cronno TonbKo ey nonBHTo- ©, soxnM neMeH nagann epen Xamanom HMy M pen ‘arann ceon ycnyrn. HepenKo Xaman oTnpasnan wx saxeaTel- Barb 8 nnex cocegeit. oGisan PaGos oH m apyram cnocoGom: Hannman ANA nepenocKn Ha NoGepembe cnoHoBOR KoCTH Monoabx caneHbix adpnKaH- lies, a Koma OHM, Hanence Ha AOCTOIAHLiM 3apa60TOK, OKAabI- ‘anice 8 apaGcxnx roponax, onpocty ckosbisan yenaMn M nepenasan 6 pykn 3aMop- ‘cavtx noxynareneit mHBOrO TO- ‘apa. Moraga Ana nepeHockn ‘choHoBolt KocTH TpeGoBanoce ‘kono THicAYN HOCHMDUIMKOR. Mlocygnre cama ~ KaKan ebiro- Hapysninn - ocHosHon nnctpyment» agpurancnnx «moponosos» zal Tak w rexna Ta axcnegu- UMOHMaR MBH ron 3a TOROM. Xamaq Goraren, 3 ‘HOW pespatunca 80 e3pocnoro cemeforo YenoseKa, mM TyT ero Hacturna Gena ~ onHax- {Abi OM 3aGonen uw ocnen: ero Nlopaswn HepsHeii THK, rnaza OCTORHHO saKaTHBANHCe HB Tmasnnyax Gein BugHer nH Genn. Ho M GonesHb ero HE ‘cmorna ocTaHoBHTe, oH Ace TaK xe yuacrsosan 8 SkcneaMun- x. Mpasna, Tenepe ero crann Hastisate Tanny TH6 ~ To ecte ecnenoit Tosprie Genvie monn “any Ta6-ponan orpow- woe Konwecteo. cooTeve- CraenwnKos. Pasiax Toprosnn un taxob, To. esponeiicnve ucenegosarenn epnoro KOM TunexTa lang SMemurcron 1 Ten Moprow Cron crash ‘nw caoet wenvw, xpowe reo- Tpagpecix orp, Take ynusronenne apabcroit Pa6oroprosnu, 1 nep: Bim KaHANAaTOM Ha pacnpasy Guin KaK pas _/ Tunny TH6. Caypn o © ero Gwsnece nocrurnn Antniny, m Awepunn, Simparcron, rymannct w Gopey 3a npasa uep- HoKOKiN, oTnpaBnAcs enyrewectene, onmaan yanners GesxanoctHo- To Tupana Ges covecrn wc rpySeimn manepann aywery6a. KaKoe0 xe Gwino ero. ynwenenne, orga oH noscrpevanca peantitim Tanny Ti ornmuanca or ppyrux abpmnaHcKx BoKne BbIcOKONOCTaBNeHHsK apa6os. Bonbwe ace- FO OW mesTan nocrHus BBICOKOM enacTa, npe- Bpanroca 8 weikxa win cyntana w nepenate Tu YM CBOMM CbIHORBAM, K 1895 rony y Hero Ha- KoHeu nonsunucs 3e- MenibHbie BnajeHun. He 8 nocnenMiow ove: Peas Gnarogapa Tomy ‘camomy Gopuy ¢ paGo- Toprosneh CraHni, Ko- Topbifi 3a spema nyre- wecreni yaHan apyryo, 60M — WepHoKoim Ye- 0 xecroKocTH adpnkancKMx pa6oToprosyes —_HepaGosnagenbueckyio OBeKOM C MaHepaMin XOAMAM nereHab pxentiemena, o4eH> OGxonMTeRbHBIM, C MabICKaH- Holt peubio m naxe noGpocep- ‘ew! Eon 6 nytewecteer- Hink He ahan, YeM sannmaeTcA Xamag, o4 6b HuKOrga He NO- ‘Ayman, 410 370 Tor cambit Tan fy TH6, KoTopeiin GesxanocTHO pasnysaer wenbie ceMbn H 05- MaHOM samannBaeT josepun BbIX TyzeMYes Ha aHrnuiicKne, aMepnRancKe MW nopryrant- ‘cxne KopaGna. B peaynerare Tanny Tu6 ero mogw crann ‘ame nposoaHnkamu SlMenr- ‘cTona. A operas, KorHa M3 Norepn cHapaxeHnA aHrnHi ‘ckan aKcnemviuiia oKasanace Ha nopore cMmepTi, MeHHO Tanny Ta6 cHa6aan Sveunr- roa ecem HeOBxoRuMEIM. Touno tak xe HeraTHBHo cla wana Goin HactpoeH K Xamapy Apyron wckarent npuknio- enh ~ amepukatieu CraHnn, omnpasmauniica 8 1871 rony a nowcKM nponaswen >Kc- neanynn Sienurcrona. Be ‘cenpi ¢ Tanny TaGom Tax emy TlOMpaBM”Ncb, TO OH TyT xe Haan 3Toro abpuKaHua Be ctw ero miogeit uepes mynrnn ANA cnaceHun aHrnnyannna. V Tanny Tw6 He nogsen: OF jO- Ccrasnn >kcneqnumo CraHnn & Yapxnpown, re Torna waxonun- ca SlnenurctoH, saGoneswnit wxopankoh norepaEWnit cnocobHocts camocronrent: Ho xomuTe. Nuenurcron ye roTosnca « cmeptn. Mi TyT-0 lonewnca Cran C Moab Tunny Ta6a. OHM npuecn coGoh epy m neKapcrea, cKo- po JlmsnurcroH nowen Ha fo ‘Rpasky W sMecre co CraHAK M Xamagom cosepusnn noxon Ha cesephtsit Geper o2epa Tanra- HbMKa, 2 NoTOM ~ 6 YHbAMBeSH, OtHowenne k «GeaxanocrHo- My ryGuTenwo neretim enum» y o6onx wccnenosatenei Tak ameHinoce, TO OHM Gonb- lle He sankanice 0 ero pon 8 Toprosne pa6amm. Tanny Tw6 Gein nposonHAkoM 9Kc- neanwan KaMepowa, CroHnn ww Bucemana Ha npoTAKeHiN aecaTanerua. HocunbuyaKaMn W oxpaHoh 8 aTHx akcnegnyn- ‘8x Gunn Kak paa pa6s! Tunny Ti6a = cwnoxbie w Monoabie adpuanckve napHn, KoTOpHIe Ges0roBsopouHo —ucnonHann ‘ce npukaabs Xamana, Kopont rsosquxu Vigeannsyposar —ommoue- tina Tanny Tu6a c ero pa6ann, oTopesx 1895 ropy y Hero Gei0 oKono 10 000 venoBeK, He crow. Xaman Goin jlocra- TowHo Geawanocren, cypoe, xoTa w cnpasenins. OH HaKa- 2bi8aN cMepT!O 39 BOPOBCTEO win Hencronwenne npyKasa, 3acrasnnn pa608 sbinonKAT Taxenyo w onaciyto paGory, Ho Tunny Tw6 poewo wie He ‘Tunny TH6 snagien pockowMbim AOMOM 8 3aHaH6ape cropony Hatyps Tanny Tw6a, AmepwKaney no- coneticreosan, wTo6e1 Xawan onysin fomxHocTe ryGepHa- Topa oxpyra 8 HoB006paz0- BakHom CeoGoqHom rocynap- cctBe Kouro. B cBowx nomecrbAK ryGepnarop cran sbipauyneare FBOSAMKY M ONeHD THM rOp- Aunca. Ho notom oH nocte- eHHo oTowen oF Aen, Bep- Hymcr Ha ocrpos 3aH3nGap 4 3acen 32 memyapel. 370 Obinit Repabie Memyapei adpuxan- Ua, HanncaHHele Ha cyaxnnn, Ho apaGcxumn Gykeamn. Non: Pyawsuniica Tanny TH6om Aoxtop Bpone nepesen ary BaHnmTayio pyxonuce Ha HeMeu- ini AabiK, a ye Nocme CMepTA Tunny Tw6a oT manapni 8 1905 Tony ee nepesen c HemeuKoro Ha anrniicxnit. CoBcraeHHo, TpuKnovenun —adpuKaHua- ‘asarmopncta crani waBectHtt Gens mogsm vMeHHO wa 3TOro Texcra. floxtop Bpone Haasan 3Tm Memyapsi_npocto: «Tanny ‘Ti, pacckas 0 ero Kapsepe 8 Uerpansiot Adpiice>. ‘Muxaua POMAUIKO 13pa KPACHAA Bo spema 'paxnancKoii Bont cuTyaUMA NopoIO cenagpisarace TaKnM O6pazoM, 4To saKnaTbIe Bparn roToBbI bin 32- KHON» Colos NPOTHB o6uero npoTMaHinKa. awn ws TaKix anwsoq0B Npowsowen 81918 rony Ha Kyéann. Chace sm Asercan to yTOHOMOBa Mano Oo YeM rosopur ame cneyanvcram, Memay Tem pecHoit 1918 roga (OHO rpemeno Ha 8c cTpaHy. Beg meno sosrnasnnembie ABTOHOMOBLIM — KpacHorsap- ‘eficxne 4acta or6unn wrypM Exatepunonapa, npit KoTOpOM RorMé onmn ws nyjepos Beno- ro qemxenna Tlasp KopHunos, 3a cnnnon 28-neTHero ABTO- HoMosa 6bina ycKopeHHbie oguyepexne Kypcb! H KOpoT- kan, HO enonHe novreHHan Goesan Guorpadua - oF non: xopyioKero no coTHiska. MoTOM MATHHTA, — PeBOMOYMOHHEIE KomuTeTsy, Menon apect, ocsofoxsjenne non annonuc- MeHTe! TPYAAUMXCR mM, HaKO- Hey, KoMaHfloBaHe apmuelt Ky6ano-HepHomopcKoh —Co- sercKoia PecnyGnuKit. Hemeuxas yrposa Pecny6nnna MyM: panace 8 repom, wwe fl ymeuTensio, so nobe ftens Kopiunosa tyr me oxasanca Ha rpebte nonyapHocts. ABT won “o6savenca BceM Meo6xoRiM aMTypa- em <6oneworo Havant vuneas = nepcomanbuiaa G6poxenoesqom, pockour wnat abvoMoGannni, Tomo agoranroa nmi oswawx «cexperapu Ho B oGulem, wenoaexom cow ocrasanca rpessousc- nuvi w, cya no ecemy, ObvexTusno. oyermean Buy nonsmaecryo cmryaune. © samuscnax AsTono- Tnaskom ABTOHOMOB XOTesl BOeBATb TIpOTUB RCL BMECTe C BparaMu (eo) =f- x)=} Relickoro reHepana ANapen Uxypo. BecHoit 1918 roga on 6bin acer nuwe orcraBHbiM ecaynom (enpouen, umeHo- BaBWHM ce6A_NoNKOBHHKOM), cnonmewnmca Gea pena no KitcnosoacKy. B aanormaHom MonoxeHAH HaXOAKANCS [ABoe ero sHaKomBix ~ nonkos nk fikos Cnaues wt renepan: ‘maiiop ]3amGonar [larmes. Bce Tpoe Gein HacrpoeHb! cpa- >xaToCA C GONBUIEBHKAMH, HO, 8 ‘cyuoctn, He aHani, c KaKoro KOnUa BaRTbCA 3a 3T0 neNO, ‘Mosa m3BeCTHo M3 MeMya- FraBkoM ABToHouoe (cnpaaa) pos 6ynyujero Genoreap- copamnapuem 14 Mexay Tem nonomenne KyGano-HepHomopcKow —pe- cry6nnkn sbirnageno secoma lwaTkWM, nockonbky repMaH- cKoe npaswrenscrao ee He ‘npwaHaeano 4 BHO HaMepA- Banoce aHHeKcuposars 4acrs TeppuTopmm, wTo6s! nony4nTs nocryn x KaBKascKor HegTH. B 3TOM OBcTaHOBKe B ronoge AB ToHoMoBa cospen KpaiiHe He O6bIUHBIA NaH, KOTOPBIA No: ‘Mor 661 OcraHOBUTE eMeLKOe wactynnenwe. OnnaKo ana ero peannsa- umn tpeGosanoce ycra- HOBHTE COMB C_Kpyra my, Gnuakumn K BenoMy AgwmeHnI0. TyrTO eMy M nopseprynca Wkypo, Nporynmsasuiniica to KincnosoncKomy napKy. Heoxunannoe Tipepnorkenne Bor Kak onwcoiBaer co- Germs cam Ukypo: «8 on- Hom v3 anne nHe Bcrpe- Twnacb rpynna _niozeh, wenosex ceM, o6Beular- Hebe ROporum opymmen MW oneTBK 8 HOBeHBKNE, apapnie wepKeckn. Mo- PaBHREUINCs CO. MHOW, ‘on ocraHosunnce. fi no- cmorpen Ha Hit MW Bcrpe- Tunch rnazann ¢ 6vi@uIn HeKorna y MeHA coreHHtim éennquiepom Tymenibm, OH Toponnaso noposean x ce6e Kakoro-To YenoseKa CeMMTCKO- To Twna wc pesonbeepom 2a Tasyxoit M 4TO-TO cKa3an eMy. Fipyxnnyswircs — pasHonyur voi, a sawaran Oxino nanbwe, Ho espelt norman menA. = Bui nonkoanink Uikypo? ~ ‘cnpocin oH meHA, Uyscraya, 470 eno ApAHD, Ho ornmpareca weneno, paa a ye onosHan [ymeHHtin, ROT Berun yrsepaurenbHo, ~ Bac xover suneTo rmae- HoKoMaKAyOWh — pesomio- YnoHHEM BoiicKaMH Ce seproro KasKaza, TOBapn, ‘ABToHoMos, ‘Alnocnenosan 3a eapeen. Asronomos Guin cama. mi0- GeskocTe w npurnacnn Ukypo scrperurec Ha cnenyioulMit eH» 8 cB0eM wTa6HOM 6po- Wenoe3ne, npweeaA c co6oh ‘«KOFO-nM160 M3 CTapUIMX, KOM eTeHTHEIX OdMYepoB NO BB Gopy». Wkypo earn Cnaweea Aarnesa. Becoma oTkposenHan Ge- cena Mavanace 32 6oraro CepsMposaHibim CTONOM, & ‘pwcyrcrsmn TymeHHoro, a npononmuniace @ kaGuneTe AB ToHoMosa, «Mon rasan sanava, ~ Ha- an AgToHoMos, ~ nommpiiti: ouyepcreo c cosercKoi ena-CTH ANA Toro, robb HaNar Gops6y nporue HeMeuKinx nM epvanncros, no-npexnemy B conse c ANTaHTO!, W s0- Guroca ormenbi no3opHoro Bpecr-Muroscxoro mnpa. Ect emus! AobepyTca Teneps no Ky6ahn, re vmerorca rpoman- Hole saractl acakoro pona, 70 370 Wx UpesBbiuamino youn. A powy Bac, rocnona, noMoub me's 3ToM oTHoWeHH He Ay- Malo, KOHESHO, COxpaHiTe 3a 0600 ommHOcTe raskowea Buino 615 xenateneo npHtna- Girt Ha sToT noct revepana Pyackoro wnn Panwo-AlmArpH- esa. A me c yposonscrenem oTKamycb. oT HeHasucTHOM He NonMTAMecKOM neRTenb- HocTH W no-npexnemy roros coymnTe maquina obmue- pow Crawes Ukypo uneo 8 uyeriom ono6punu, Ha tore Poc- ‘CHM cROnHMAce RecaTRA TeIcAH ‘opnyepos, He npnuKnyeuinx Hi K Genii, Hi K Kachin, ~ opel, nesopuenTuposannx rnomimeckni xa0coM, Ho 10- TenuwanbHo npencraanmiown co60h MowyyIo cuny, cnoco6- yo nepenowus x09 co6ts- "in. TonbKo 8 KaKyIo cTopOHy? Byaunase, AsHo pasqe- ‘naBuMe nna! ABTOHO- Mosa, Barem Ha scrpeyy MpwBeanu pByx noTeHuM- anbabox KaHaMAaTOS. Ha Ponb KoManayiounx «Ge- o-kpacHoi» apmueli — Huxxonaa Pyscxoro m Pap- Ko PanKo-2upueea. Pysckwit npuo6pen mpoKyio_wasecrHocte: ‘oceHbIo 1914 ropa, Kor- ‘a, Komanyn 3-A apn efi, opnagen cronvuen Fannuiin TIpa08om. No3- xe KomaHqosan CeBep- Huim PoHTOM, 2 Ta¥Ke ‘cuirpan sameTHyio pons Botpevennn Hukonan Il Bonrapwi —PaKo- murrpves npocnasunca BO Bpenn BankaHcKix soit 1912-1913 ropes. 3arem 6bin nocrom 8. Tetep6ypre, c Haanom Nep- ‘of mnposoi Bomb: nepeuien Ha pycckylo cny6y. A ecKope foxasanca 8 nonoxeHMM «<13- MeHHika PogMHbs, nocKonbKy lero ctpaka Bbictynuna Ha cTO- Pole repmato-agcrpo-Typeu- koi Koannymn, MonkoBonuem oH Guin TanaHTnnebiM, HO ero Penyraumo cunbHo wcnopran Topnnuxni npopwis, npuaen- wii B 1915 rony x weno ce- pam macurra6Hex nopaneHn C pyro cToponsi, MeHHo Panko-Aurpnes pykonoqun ocnegHwm ycrewHtim Hacty- InneHMem pyCcKoH apMun @ pe- ka6pe 1916 ropa 8 Kypnanaun, 06a orHecnice « cpenaH- HoMy MM npennomeHiio co ckencucom. OHM onacannce, To npH nepaolt me HeyAave 8 Gonx c repmaHuamn Wx pac- Ctpennior kak MaMeHHMKOS. Tlaturopcxne BeTpeun Ha cnenyiouit nen Avo- Homes B3An ¢ coB0A Likypo, Cnawesa mw flarneta 8 Tr rope — ctonnuy TepcKori Covercnoit Pecnyénuxi, py: osommTenn KOTOpOM crankit- Bannce TeMM me npobnena- fan, sT0 M wx Konner Ky6aHn Ha porsane rocteit ecrpevann npencenatens Tepcxoro cose- ra Esrenmit Bonatos m rnasa mmectHoro cosHapxoMa Camyin Pa3Hble cyab6bI Mo cpasnenmo capyramn yuacrunnamm npoexra «Geno- ‘Xpachoit» apmanu cyqb6a Astonomova cnominnace, Mono ‘exazarb, yqasmo, Tonbxo ames Gnarononyuno 3aKoNMAN >xWBHb 8 SMArpAUI, CCrawes ceowmn noGenamn Han xpacnbinn 2a80esan nower- yo npHcrasKy x amunnn eKpBimcKnits, Ho 8 smnrpaun lactynin 8 Kondnnkr c BpaHrenem. Beprynca ® CoBercKyio Pocemio, ipenonasan Ha xypcax Kpackomos 1 8 1929 rony Goin sacrpened onnnm wa cnywareneii. LUkypo 80 spema Bropor muposoi soins corpyqnmuan ¢ ‘Hentuamu w Goin nosewen 8 1947 rony Kak waMeHink Poni, Pyacini Panxo-2lmvrpwes s uncne apyrix 3anoxHikoe 1 on6pa 1918 rona Gbinn y6urb1 wexncranu e Flaturopexe. Cywecrayer connerensctso, #70 nepen cmeproto Pyscxnit Kpwwan: Ga mena oromctat! 3anommuTe, Mon damunian Py-c- nit» Panwo-Dlmrpmes npuan cmepte Mona, Aorosop c xpacisimn wor nonHocT®IO wamennTs cyaséy Anapen lkypo Ho nowrentbie renepa- ‘nei He own Ha coTPyA- Huectso ¢ «Kpachbim Bonanaprowm. Bnpoven, ak nuwier Wkypo, nocne yrosopos AsToHoMoEa “Papxo-Dmurpnes — cKa- 3an, To ecam sgopoase ero nonpasirca wove bi, nocrynaioune 8 ap- ‘mv, Gyayt nonsso8arecA ‘8CeMM NPHCYLMMA 3TOMY aeannio npeporarweam, TO OH, MOMET 6bITb, ewe Repecnotpyt snocnes- crown cace peuienve. Ha 3TOM mbIM paccranuces. Paccranice, 061 nunnorna yme Gonbwe He BctpetuTeca. — Co6errua pasereannce Cronb crpe- MuTenbHo, uTO oTnOMeH Hoe Ha HeckonbKo AHeft ewieHWe oKasanoce oT OMEHHBIM HaBeNHO, B move fo6posonsueckan apmun ebicrynana wa 3anoHbA BO BTOpO! KyGaHcKnit noxoA, OnHospemento — pasropenca Kondnaxt MeKay ABTOHOMO- BoIM M pykosoawrenann Ky- Gano-HepomopcKon —pecy- ‘Gna. Mockea nonaepwana lwarckix, « AgroHOMORa CHAN c momeHocTH. Apwun 6tina 32 Hero, HO Ha MATEX OH HE pe- wwnca, ompasnaunce 8 Mo- ‘cxgy Ha cya m pacrpaey, Flonn- HOCTS oueHAnM, HanpaBHE ero ‘80 BnaqwikaaKa3 coanaeate OT- pagel eKpachon apmnn ropcKinx Haponop». 2 espana 1919 ropa Anek- Celi AsToHOMO® cKOHUaNCR OT ‘Tuba, yitan HeckonbKO HenoHR- Thi ~ Bpone Kak BepHbi Chin Pesoniounn, HO KaKOM-TO He coscem npaswibHbii. Amumpuii MUTIOPHH @opmansto me cocnannce Ka npoGnembi co snopossem. YrryuyenHeii wane MoxHo Tonbko npenno- nararo, Kak paaeueanuice 61 Cobia, ssipasn on cBoe cormacne. BapnanT nepeviit: eGeno-Kpachan> apwnn Brn TWBaeTCA 8 BOFHY C HeMYaMit, COnmmaerca Ha 210 nowee ¢ Ao6posonsveckoh apuneh W COBMecTHEIMA ycHMMAOnN ceepraer Gonswesnnos, Ba- Hak sropoit: «Geno-Kpac Haj apwunn craHoBwTca Gaol nA KoHconnnaynM, Kazanoce 601, Henpmmnpumex non Taveckwx MpOTHBHHKOR Ma Nlowse copMecTHoh Gopb6s € Hemuam, BapwaHT TpenAi eBeno-Kpachan» apaua pH Bonur K BnactH BoeHHoro Ankraropa. ‘Twxati Mlaruropcx enea He Cran MecToM poxsehina yHHKaNDHOrO ‘covosa Kpachbix u Geneix 15HMCTOPHUECKOE 30)IOTOH BEK» YEJIOBEYECTBA HaxoyxKa ukonbHuka- TiporynblyMuKa OTKpbula WpeBHew uvBuivsaiuio! 31m kynbTypa W Hapog nonysmnn cBoe HasBaHve no packonaHHoMy y cena Tpunonbe Ha Kvesinie naMsTHnky. YKpaMHCKHit apxeonor BUKeH- ‘wii Xeoiika B 1897 ropy Bnepsbie OGHapy>Kun 3nece NoceneHne Hens BECTHOH paHee KynbTYpbI, KOTOPaR NopasMna ero caOMM GoraTCTBOM M cboeo6pasvem. OH packonian OcTaTKM KM/MUY, B KOTOPLIX O6HApY KUN MnoxecTBO MpeKpacHon KepaMMk' H OpyAMi Tpyaa M3 KPeMHS 4 KOCTH. ‘Tax 8 apxeonoruin Bo3HNKAO NOHATHe «TpunOnbcKaA KyNbTypa» ~ OHA cyujecTBosana 8 OCHOBHOM 8 MeHO-KaMeHHOM Bee H Cbirpana BbIjialo- lyloca pon B McTopMn !Oro-BocTouHoi Epon ckaswieroce cocyga HeOBBIHOH opm Ero ropnosny saKptisan ManeHeKint Ky6- KOBMAMBIA COCyAMK yKpAWeMHEIA, KaK Gonswoit, saTevinnetin peaktim opHaMes Tom. ThoGonesTHBi WKONDHNK HEMes/IeHHO asnek m3 3emnn HaxonKy m paccMoTpen BHYTPH KepaMAkH MHOKeCTBO MeTaNMMYe- ‘crx npenMeroe, Brgmo, Bontoga He can Ha ypo- icone yt menwo-ramennen 22K JosHameHosanca OcHOeHKeM nepec fo MeTanna ® UCTOpHM uenoBevecTea, Honroe spema cunranoce, wro men’ Torna Tonpko BxOANTA 8 WHPOKoe ynoTpeBne fine, TaK KaK NPM PACKONKaX PeAKO Ha- nuns wagennn v3 Hee, B OCHOBHOM 310 ‘bum HeGonbune ykpawleHinn ann MeENKHe ‘Qvarmenot umnbes t npoKonoK.flosToMy 's hayke yrBepAMNOC® MHeHNe, TO MepEO- GwrtHole semnenensubi merann 3HanH, 0.8 ‘amy ero penkocru n foporoBnatit! Wi4po- ko He Mcnonssosan. fIpyrisan cnosamn, eran Gein, Wo OcoGOM pont B HHH M- ef He urpan. OwnGouHocte 2Tro mve- Hinn cana oMesMAHOM nocne yAuKaNSHOM MaxOfKH MONaBCKOO WKONBHIKA, KOTO- pan & cepenwwe XX wexa e2opeana Hays Hot map. 16 Menp - rnapnetii merann Epportst B cevtaGpe 1961 roma yue- sun cpenviel uxonsi 3 cena apna ha wore Monaaenn Bonopa Kopewworh peunn nporynnreyponn. Mocne npowleatero noMMorO nve- fin nacryninn commen cen Rey Ma 8 Ko- Aycoacenwexorenoco. ro6e ero we aamernna a cene, nape- ex peunn norynare 8 oxpect woctmx 8gon> cTpoRulencn wocceioi oper Or nevero fenate can oonarpnsars pa turryo nOKnEM Kanasy eAons paces, cope samersn8 ce Cee Gox Gonsutoro pacrpe ax WCTOpMM, TaK Kak cpazy xe ‘oTHec 8 wkony cocya co acem conepxnmtin, Mbi He 2HaeM, onysin 1M OH HaroHAM oT \ yuurteneii za nporyn sansa |» Kaxosa ero pansHeruan } cyas6a, Ho. ator nocrynox wasceraa enucan ero WMA 5 cTOpiio. eBponelicKoit apxeonormm. Korga o6Ha- PYMeHHBIE — WKONBHMKOM Haxogen nonanv @ Kumnnes- ‘ckuit- cTopmKo-kpaeBenve- ‘ckwh myaei, apxeonorn axny- ‘iv: OHM yennenn yHNKANEHOE ze Ykpanncenit apxeonor coGpae paanvulbnx wane BuKeHTHi XeoRKa ait panlHero >Tana Tpunont 8 1897 rony o6HapyxXMA CKOM KYMETYPHI eps nenseecTHor Knaq coctonn w3 850 npen- Pave Kynbtypts MeTOB, 3 KoTOpbX GoneeNonosiiiti Geino warorosneno ws Meam ~ pesHerwero Me Tanna Yenosevecteal Mentbie ‘Tonopel v ykpawenHn (aKTpO- omopéyite _durypxy-none- ‘can, cinpanbHie Gpacners, hawnonbie nnacrants, 6AAWKY, Gycni oT Omepenuit uw Ta) now nonHocrso _sanoni- I xpynnvit cocya. Baecte € Him Haxonnnoce ewe 26 ‘peqwetos ws mpamopa i Kam ta (cpenw Hix npexpacnsie no cnonienMo w waRulecrey mea Tonopa v3 mpamopa w cnaHua), 127 npegmeTos ws Kocra 253 YKDAWEHMA #3. MOPCKIK paKO ft, XoTA passeprysunecn 20 ‘Topo noniosnte XX wexa packonka npi- Beni K OTHpEINO ananOrAMBOK NAMATH os, TaKOTO KonMYeCTBa M CocTaBa H2xOROK 8 onHOM Kane Gonowe o6HapyMeHO He 6uino. PrmyaneHoe HasHaveHne HeKoroptsx vanenni nossonaer npennonoxite, tO lnagensuem kana Grima memenan pH ua. Ben of Guin cnpaTak 8 anoxy warpi- aprara, xorna 8 o6ujecrBe rocnoncreosana enya, M nOsTOMy YenoBevecTBO He 3Han0 CTPAWIIX BO H COUMANEHEDK NO- ‘Tprcenith. Cam Toro we nonospesan, Hepa- Abs yuennk He TOKO HaUlen, HOW cnac Mocenesna Tpunonsijes Geink snione cospeueniei ‘Ro yeTpoHiCTBY ~ 8 Hx 6bINM Alaxe YenBIe YnMUb!, NOXOKHE a ynnust yRpanncenx cen oTpACaIOUWMH Knaq sTO snioxM. Hanwune ‘8 Hem opyanii Tpyna noKazano, «To 8 3Heo- ‘TMTe Meg He TONKO BbICOKO YeHIANACE, HO \iwmpoKo wcnonbsosanace & Guiry Cuactauapie rpurionbuet Aaxe ceroara mo6o/ venoBeK, nonas- una pacronet Tpunoneckix nocene. hi, nopanaeren 1% npuponvon xpacore Pacronamenvie Ha MSCax Ww posEDer: oct OnM MaXONRTER BOONE. Pex. Wt tx nonoenos, oxpyaoue ean vaceraa ocraoten@ nari, MoKNO ner xo npencrae, 8 wave Yonoewax mv penne seuneneneuet mnonoponvise Mepwoneus, nec, orate Zs, Pet C pasHoo6pa3Hoi poi6oit, 8 KOTOpEIX BOAM- Ince fame ocerp uns npnBon oun ttenonera neon, EM me KTOMY Ap GaBuTs, 4TO MHOmeCTBO NoCeneHHit paH- wero cpeswero nepvone,Tpwnonsexol ET paneer ymsypol He wmenn o6opoHuTenbHtsx coo- Pymenni (ro ecro orcyrersosana BHewHAR yrpo2), To cpasy me BcnowMMHaeTCR 30no- Toft Bex venosevecrea. Tlerena 0 Hem eoaHnkna ® Snnage & nepwon craHosnenna xnaccoBoro obue- TBa, Korna pesko yxyAuinnoce NonOKEHHe PRAOSHX OBuMHHNKOS. CornacHo pen ‘cTasnennnm apeBsHinx rpekos, cyuyecrBoea- "no BpeMA - Tak HasbiBaeubil 0nOTOH BeK, orga moan Benn cuactnneyio mvaH ~ 6e3 asn0poB, BOF n TAKeNOrO Tpysa, ITOT Tepmni o6bisHo npunncsieaior noaty Feci- ‘ony, Georniicromy xpecresniy. B name “Tpyast w ary om paane- ‘nw muposyio wcTOpHIO hans nepHogos: 20- ‘ROTO Bek, cepe6paEi, enHosi, repomvecknit 2xeneaHbit, MieHHO OH yrsepxqan, To nepesie Bemnegenbust He 3Ha- ‘nn wn ropn, HM 3a60r, HM Crapoctn, nposopa. AHH ' 3acronbax. 3emna cama prmocnna money, w Ha Hem nacnice mHorounc- nenntie crana. Ha cwevy 3onoromy npmuien cepe- SpanbiA 8ex, KoTopHIA Toe Hanennn nioneti oca- ‘eck Gnarann, OnhaKo 3eec ncrpe6un 38 To, wTo OH He NOMEN NpHHOCHT »eprani Goran. CBod eex Tecvon Haabigan .MeNeSHLIM: MOA BUIMYAAEHB! NOCTORHHO TPyaiTocA, rope n 3960". He OCTABARIOT HK, 2 cama mane crana KparKoit Baecro 2aKoHoa Wa 3emne npa~ mr china, H YenosevectBo Maer krvGenn, Een pacemarpiears pas ‘nMuHbIe Stan MHpOBO xpo- Honorw, To nosTM wqeanbHo & ‘onicanne sonoToro Beka yKna- AbleaeTca antoxa sHeONMTa, HW & acTHOcTA ~ TpinonnckaA KyNb- ‘Typa nepmoga ceoero pacysera. B 370 Bpema yapun MexHayWo- waneHuin m couManbHl Mp, ‘npw rocnoncrse marpyapxata BBICOKOTO pasBuTMA AOCTATAH aemnenenne, pemecna W ncxyc- Bo, u, KaK pesynstar, chop- MnpoBancn BbicoKii AA TOTO BpemeHn yposeH xxusHIM. Mano Toro popovecxaa noswa fecmoga nonywwna 1 Hayunoe nonTeepxgenne. Bo sTopois nonosme XX eeKa Hays up 68in NloTpACeH BbiAaIOUIMMCA OTKPEA- ‘TweM MorMnbiinka MemHO-KaMeHHOro Beka Y kypoprHoro ropona Bapra 8 Bonrapa. B Hem Obino Hatieno HeoxjaHHO MHOFO jenni ws menu 30710Ta, TO NONHOCTBIO Nepesepiyno ce HayuNbie npencraane- na 06 anioxe parwero meranna 8 Eepone. Oxazanocb, 470 8 HeKoTOpsx seMnenent- ‘eck o6ujecTeax 6binl cKOHUeHTPHpOBS- bl Orpomnove no TeMt spemenan Goratcrea, 2 B kavecTse yxpawleHnih vcnonbsoBanoce npenmywecrsenno sonoro! Teodusuxn qenaior OTKpbiTHe Ceronin 0 rpunonscxoi uvennnsauyn veanectuo nenano. XX w XX Bena yawennn tp neckonbxaminapxeonormecknn cet atyreFenpnx Ulnar om»pHM po, 8 ‘Apryp Seance - mamovcryo UMeWnH3a.)00 v Kwocenni aBopet, nocene conasunecn Beuwetenom akan nncareneh. Yann ra apxeonoros m Yxpanna, Camranoce To va ee Teppopnn 80 spewena arecron te uymepcront iysinnsauit mop ARSe razanm no nepessnm n wocHnM sBepmne uuxypis Ha camom ene nepaie xe pacroniot rnorananv, «ro anece cyuecrsosana cron fkicoKan 4ynbrypa, To ee CMeNO MORO chaovinrsc canna Waseca yon 2ouinian Apessioctn. Apean ee pacnpo- 17HCTOPHYECKOE PACCIEQOBAHHE crpanenna saHinwan orpomHoe npocrpah- crB0 ~ of Tpancunssannn 0 Cpentero Anenpa w or Bonbinn ao noGepexta Yep- Horo mopa. B PyMbiHitn ofa nonyunna Hoe HasBanne - KykyteHb, B 1966 rony yweHbie o6parann eHuNa- ne Ha aapoporocimKn YepKaccKoit 06- acta, Ha Hix OHM yBenK coer NT a, KoTopole pacuimdposan Kak ApesHne nocenenna. M He oum6nnce. Mepabie xe [Packonki rroxazanw: OHM naTAMpyroTCA V-IV TicaMeneTHeM IO Hawe 9pe1 m oTHOCAT- ‘ca K TptnonbcKoi Kynbrype. Mlorpe6osa- ‘oc ewe Aga AecATKa ner MHTeHCHBHDX nccneqoBanih, “TOBt AOKAB—TE, NTO 370 se rpynna nocenenini, a orpomtbie npo- Toropona nnowjanb%o 40 5 KB. xm. HO Kak ynanoce 270 caenars? Benb of cocronnin 3 ob omoKeHHBIX FnMHOBUTHBIK NNOWAAOK, oTopbie nepabie uccnenosaten Kynery- bt NpuHAnA 2a... norpeBanbHbie coopy- enna, OpHaKO CKOPO BEIRCHANOCE, STO 370 OcTaTKM ApeBHMK HOMO. HO “T0658! 2aNicTiTe ony nnoUaAKy, TpebyeTcA He- CKonbKO paBouMx i He MeHee MeCALa MH ‘eHicnaHioi paGorsinonaroit MW KUCTONKOR, TTaxn o6pa30m, AMA nonHoro ByYeHUR xoTA 6bi opHoro nocenennR norpe6oea- -nuce 6x cronerun. Myr Ha NOMOU> apxe- conoraM npiuinn reogpuavKn. Oxastisaerca, npm Bosgericrann ont va rnity O6pasyiorca MariTHble aHOMa- ‘it, KOTOpHIE MONHO 3aguKCHPORAT C ‘npamenennem cospemennoi annaparyp Yepancnni reogpnank Banepi Masnosn Ayaxnn paspa6oran cneyransiiyio MeTo- Anny, roTopan ekmewana Yensin KOMNNeRC ‘MeTOROB: OT MATHITTHOM! CBEMKA AO KOM nelorepHolt oBpa6oTHA nonyweHHbx RaH- etx. Momo cKaBaTo, 4TO OH W306peN CBO- e06pa3hoil peHTre 3emna ann WTEIKOByO ‘nonary ¢ onmaweckmm npHyeroM. Paspaboraniuiit Wm MeTOR MarHuToMe- ‘pia ian norpacavoutne pesynerarb. Cero oMoUyeo ysianoce coapaTe NaH! OKO- ‘no cra Tpunonscrix nocenennit 6e3 nposenerinn pacronox. HexoTopble rranrami ~ cBoeo6pazHeiMM 2O- vicTopmuecknman—meranionAcaM. Hanpmiep, ToneKo nocenenue Matiganeuxoe Ha Yxpanve, 803- tanxwee 28 500-700 ner nO 3Ha- MennToro wyMepcKoro Ypa, Geino HacroRUAM NpoToropo- OM nnowiagbo 3,5 KB. KM, 8 oTopoM npoxnsano no 15 Tica Hacenenin. Oniux ‘xnxx foMos 3nec Geno ‘Kono 2000. TaKoro He 3Ha- "nn nae nore ropona Lo- onronbcKoi Pycn «Topoga Conia» ApeBHocTn ‘HecruGaembiit MOHaX M1 rucaren Tommaso Kanina~ enma Korna-To MewTan o6 waeanbHom ropone 6ynywe- ro, rovoptit Haaean KOHOMMKK —TpitnonnckH O6uymH cocTaanana 2eMnenenne MXM BoTHosoncreo. Tpxnonsues oKpymanh ‘orpommible TeppuTopinn necocteni ¢ nno- Aoponteliwnm nowsawi, Npn nomown CopepwenHbix OpyAni v3 KAMMR, KOCTH KpeMHA OHM yMYAPANNCS SeipaueaTs OT 8 po 12 yeHTHepos nweHMyss ¢ reKTapa. Mloxasarenbio, «to Kpemesbi cepn cero ‘nv & nonTopa pasa ycrynaer # npo- wasoguTenbHocta cTanbHOMY, Mpaxruueckn ace npororo- ona Bo360qNANCE NO OnHOMY nna. floma tyr pacnonaranuce ouTi KOHYeHTPHYECKHMM KOM ama BrnoTHyio Apyr K APyry, M™y- XO CTeHOR Hapy>ry, OSpaoBbiBaR, Takia o6pasoM, O6opoHmTenbHbIe yepennenna. B wx ueHTpe pac onaranuce o6uecTBeHHEIe NO- CcTpoiina w KynbTOBEIe COOPyKe- ia, ViccnenosaHibie Ania ten nnowage oT 60 no 160 KB. m. B Hitx ObinO HecKONDKO KOMHaT C neNKO!, 8 KAKO wa KoTOpeKX npeANonomi TenbHo xMna OANA napHaR ema. OcHosy . sacrporiKn Sree rs cocrasnann aeyxsrannoie () xunMUJHO-XOBAICTBEHHBLE ownnekcs, nmesumne Yepaa- 1 ANA xpanenina mHBeHTapA -nponykros. MotHocTs 32- rpoiinn pasnnsita - or 7 10 1 many Ha reKrap. Apxeo- norm ycraHoBwnn, To Bepo- THO 4wcnO KOMNNeKcoB Ha rnocenennax 8 MaiinaHeuKom W TanoAnkax coorsercreyer suncay ycane6 Hosropona XV wera. Co spemenen, pasy- ecrer, 3eMnn ucTOWAnnce ostomy orpommtie npotoro- ona cywecraosann ne Gonee 50-70 ner, 7o ecTe 8 TeveHne 2st 23 noonenit. are Inpomcxonwno Wx puTyanbHoe commenne, m Hacenenie yxo- ‘Auno Ha HoBoe mecro. nono Ponbnx semen Boxpyr Gein ROCTATONHO. Tpnnonsyss Gum xnsne- ‘o6nseiMn monDMM. 08 3TOM Ccomerenscrayer wx Kepan- xa, Ona He TonbKo Geaynpes- ano Gopme, Ho n ykpaweHa APKOIt, cBeTHOM W cONHeNHOM POCNACEIO, KoTopan.cBoelh muaHepagocTHOcTENO Hae nomnvaet nonorta Pexyapa. Kak u nono- 2xeHO seMneslensuant, OHM BeINK MOREMM COTAperenay, nparmarmHeiMn A TpyAO- no6uesin. B MeHTannreTe Tpunonbues, ©yAA no scent, He Geino arpeccin m He- ConpasnanHon xecroKoctA ~ OHM Oink HaponHocr!o MATKOM, POMAHTASHOA -mencreeHHon. lane HemeecTHo, Goma ‘nw y tx apmna. Bo BcRKOM chysae, Ha ackonkax nocenenini opyawe NOTA He Bcrpevaercr, Apxeonoram yanoce uacrasno soccTa- ost GbiT TpHnonscxmx meer. Con ariypariie xaMMWa MEME! yRpaLIa- 1m OpHaMeHTOM, POCMHCAMM UBeTaMA, a ceGn ~ venycHo pacuimTomn onexnaMn, pawn 3 30noTa W AparoueHHeIX ame, MowHo yeepento yreepmaare, S70 Tpwnonscroe KaHecTBO *IBHM BBINO Topasno swe, Nem y cocegHnx HaponOE a cava muah Geina Gonee npwanexa Tenbio. Y Tpnrionsyee Gena opmnaKoao paseirTa censckan u ropoackas nyMttypa. HO TOnbKO ' ropogckoi cperte Morn” NORBHTECA MOAN Taopuecnix npodpeccaik: mbicnaTenM, xy- Aoxtinkn, apxwTekTope ~ Cen K HMM pa- onywo. NosToMy HanHune ropoAcKO mnpactpyetypus, a Taxxe coScreeHHbix TexHonorwi w nponsseneHMA WCKYCCTEA osonaer yreepware, 470 TpynonecKoe oujecreo 6sin0 opm He Ha;bonee paa- ssmerx. Ben ToneKo pasaiToe OuyeCTBO IMOmeT OCTHN YenexoB B KymETYpe HM MC ryccTae, A370 oshasaer, «10 TpHNONScKA ‘deriomen npencrasnaer coGoH He KynbTy- Py, 2 umeunusa\no, KOTOpaR xpaHT eule IMHONeCTBO 3aran0K M Tai, KOTOPHIe HaM ewe npeacrowr pasrapar. 3 Eazenuit POBOHTIpOBO3sracvsla MOHApXUIO B Hayane miona 1918 roma JImToscKas Tapa (Tak Ha- ablpanca opraH rocyaapcTBeHHom BnacTH ~ Coser JIMT- bi) o6tsBMna 06 o6pasoBaHMn Koponescrea JimTBa W npurnacuna Ha npecton BunbrenbMa ox Ypaxa. jBaKab! B CBOE HICTOpHK Jlurea cranoswiact Kopo- escreom, 1 06a pasa He 0co60 yaauno. B Xill peKe KHz Miat- oer MpmnAn xpMcTHaHCTBO ‘6bin Koponosalt c 6narocnose- Hi picKoro nanbt MisHOKeH- ‘us IV, Yepes HeKOTOpoe |peMA ‘Maniqosr orpexca or xpicrvan- (KOM Bepbs H BepHyncA B ABBE Ceo, wTo aBTomaTHeck" niwa- Jno ero KoponescKoro 38aHis. K Tomy m2 ero Goicrpenbxo youn, Zonrwit nyre teogone Floore pasnenos Pew To- crommon Trea, nepeuna Pocom. Jevom 1915 rona ee cmgrponare hein K Kore ty 1917 roma waujovarenve organi POCA sane? i Haan comosuipanar¥cn, B cennépe 214 epeneravoe TeToeahorb hobowee coche: io 8 TRIyprOM enpe Binowoca,eanpe na Morya fa M wsepare peat exacrn = Fwroecgho Tapwoy Tonal Mporawnn 26a mappie tonepaereaa = rte meer 8 Tapwbe Golm sapesep buposati! na nonaxcos Geno pyeoe m pane eopecs. Tae, far onworo wenosera « eapeit eel egtad ptatteatere B crvce wnevos. TapHOs He o6Hapyxmeaerca, Bo rape Iso nes Se acme Crm sevan_Avranac CeroN, KoTopoin Gyaer npesuaerrom Fim 8 1919-1920 ronax, a noron ~ 8 1926 ~ sosrnasi toenret nepeeopor w cHoBa yet npesnnenom 20 caMoro 1940 ropa 11 era6pn 1917 rona Te- pa mpwenna AeKrapano 0 Soccronoenet HesaeMcAnhO- Sutosckoro rocypapcrea ¢ fep- wane, FloroM muroeyst ele HewHoro nonyman W npn «Act Hesaencnwocra Sites B Hem ye Hiero He roBopH- noce 0 cosanx cTepuanineis YecrHo roBopr, MHeHNe rrosues Torna sooGuye mano oro wuTepecosano. CyavGa Jurrow pewsanace Ha neperoso- pax GonswesmKos < HeMuaMn ® Bpecre. Hemtam «AKT HesaBH- camocti» He noxpaainca. OM cxaaan, STO NpMAHOIT Heda- ‘sNCMMOCTe TONGKO Ha ycnoBMAX 11 nexa6pr, to ecto c. Timnep coseta ‘Munoangac OwKayckac 3296”, TO OH, KOHENHO, cam Mor 6bt cram Koponem, HO, K coxane- Hino Hero CHMWKOM Mao CBO GopHoro apemenn. Arne Teneps Halinewis cBoGonHoro KoponA? Panbute Hanio Obin0 pymarb. Tae6 CTALIKOB 19.BAHKH Ao6ppii Cranun BESET B noenqnax Cranmna vacto conpovoxaan oxpariin Tywoe. On cunen va nepeanen cnpeHbe pagom c wodepom wtamen oBomHovenne 8 nym Sacomnaro. Kro-ro na arene Tlonir610p0, exasuit co Cra- ruin a sapvien cnnenbe, in samen ~TosapnuyCranm,avenoi- LIBOPHUK C bnaramu TO M3 Bac Koro oxpanneT? rOMTO,—OTBeTAN Mocn® _Fcarene Anapees-BypnaK onHamAb Hovenan 8 nepenonHeN- Buccapnonosn,—ovewiemme HoH ryGepncnoi rocrmmufe. AGuInO aTO.Bo wpeMn Horo. ‘Bon nvcroner ennai cynyn= _ncnennerx nowyulenni na nmneparope Anexcannpa IL FrpoM SosoMATe, Mon, acne nncavenb Guin pas6ymcen Tem, so Kro-To Bonnncn non ero enya ponaroto.C wenyrom on cnpocan: wUro Tanoe? Va-nom xposars sbines neopnnk c ABynn maToiMn nara W Ygen renua Negosonsio npoSyps “Bh, nara nenenn eoisewmsaro! OnaTe npomaxnynnc! Yensiuae samevanwe coGecemnna, $70, AecKaT,exaKOe Cia Toe ouyuaro ce6m npeycresaiin pomanmcroN>, anni cit nncarent-caTupn XIX wena YunonmTerxepen upawo —- SE QIEHLbI B ACTOPU = Slyause pa6orats 6 KaMenonomne. WwaxmatT B 1972 rony 80 Bpema aocem- aguarom napran marua Ha, epsencrso mupa e Pelikbn- ‘suike Bo66u Onwep sHesan- Ho oropsanca oT nockH 1 pomKo npowsHec: ~Aesouxa 8 qsenanuarom any, Hemennenno npexpar cocaTe nenenubi! Bocemmnetiaa nesouKa 803- Pasuna: = flan tonbKo tpeTwit w e2nna-rol = He tpetnit, a cegemoi, manenbkan nryHbal - scxpnuan ‘@nwep.- Aymaews, He cuTaro? “ Orserbinasonpoce: FRM rT Fac nev7: : See 2.flowxa, fannus,Veex. STIS ab full at [of 3.3amox Kacteno-gent-Ono, [MiMi [eleTalel< Heanons. eet Lap FH 4.3paam Porrepnamckna, alla fal Hugepnanaes, XV nex al : 5. Y6pate Hakonnewiniica a ee cpeai py mycop. : oooh doe 6.Ornwso, Aurnna, XVI sex. [= fee Orserpinackansopa [if melee acon? > Eee ims att {xailuinx PORCTBeHHHKOB Wape- inva Vana Tlomumo Hix BouapeHnen Netpa Geum over» HenoBont- Holm npeacrasuTenn Apyrux BAWATENDHDIX KHAKECKIX 4 3arosopuynKn 8 nome Munocnasckinx. Mannaniopa wawana XVIII peKa Ce ree eaten Pomenarcrart ns Pree sic acte) Gonpowx ponos. Camtunin ¥3- BecTHBnAn 3 Hix Guin KHAOA ean Avppeesin Xoganca Bacunni Bacannesi Tonmyin robs caepruyts Hapoiu- rar w nocague Ha npecron Lapesiua Veana Anerceesma, Muanocnaackie, Xooancriit Tonmusin pewnnn Ba6ysToBar> MOcKOBCKIK cTpenbjoa Cenare aro 6tsno nosone- HHO nerko. Crpensubi Ginn HegoBoneHe! cBom nono- renmen. Kanosavne wm uinnaneann ¢ Gonbwon 3anepInKolt, a Nopoi w He oinnauneana soo6ue. K Tomy Me NONKOSHINKH comHukn acto passopo- Boieann fame Te peHbmH, oTopbie seigenana Kasha ‘ana ewsmnarsi xxanoeanina PPanostim crpentyam. Cnacmm yapeswua Veana! Bwnccapes —_aaroBop- uwyikos cTanit_goayuar cTpensuoe, —paccrassican Yim, 10. Hapenunnss cO- Gypaorcs, aoobule pacry- cunts crpeneurre non ‘nuns crpensyoe mHorie noror. K TOMY me ADAM wero BocnpHTHA ycTHOR arwraumn 8 x0A GINA ny UweHb! Aapmostie BeINvEKaw 3aKycka, MunocnascKne o6e- tuanw crpenbuan, so 8 cnyae, fecni apm craver Visan Anex eens, acem van 6yayr caena- Hol ulempsie noxepreceani, a wesunnavenhoe xanosaHve 6ynerainnavenocpaay wBnon- Hom oGpeme. ‘15 man 1682 ropa GonpmH Vaan Minxainoans Munocnas- cri ero nnentman erp A= pees Toncroit ompasvnce ‘8 Crpeneuxyro cnoGony 3270 rw Famous ob rarenAM, 7 Hapowrnnes yO Yapesmia saka Anexceesiua, Crpenbubt SOOPYKUNHCD M YADA Ha Gar. Onn cxony cMAnK oxpaHe- uv sopora KpeMna conaar vs «0nK08 MHOBeNHOTO CTPOR> sopsannce Ha Coop nne- wan LUpprua Haranea_Kupan- oak Hapeauonna, coxpanine- ta conooGnanaive, siuna ta Kpachoe Kpsinbuo 3 uapexoro asopua n2- anna, ¥70 uapesi Waar nina wt an0- Codes AnexceesHa morna Gurr nepsoi pyccKoh wunepatpauer To Hepanoift THK NpACTynbs animnencnt norBnnnce y GyAy- ltyero pocciicxoro wwneparopa WMeHHO nOCHe 3TOro MATEKA, ‘Yac, oxearewinin pebenka, Ha [2c 2kvaHb aNeUATMENCA 8 ero Masry. VM, Borce nosrope- Hina coBpmat 15 man 1682 ona, %ecTOKo pac Xk npasnanca ¢ mob. ‘Mw noneirkann no pos. B nonraepx- HfOMTECH Ha O10 Aenne 21010 ona smacr mpwkasana ab ss Beca 43 ABopua Youricrsa Waana 1oHoro Tio crcKy uapaTlenpa. Ha Ho Ha arom waKoeTo spe pacnpasst He 32° ‘epembust_ycnoKoW- ronnie. Mi nce. ‘ROCHABCKNE KOR Bee wcnopran Musxnsax —-Xobancxnit sapanee rina Mann \Opve- Xosanexore ——_npirrovosutnt cBoero fu Jlonropyxoe, aK- crane cuuBonoM pola «npOCKpHNLV Twwecunit masa Crpe- xposanoi Contre crinerw>cBOWK rneynoro npwrasa. Ero sonsHMyst npoTMoHHKOB, KOTO- nonowesne camo_no pate Gein nepenansi ceGe Bbioniano K HeMy HeHa- MTEXEIM cTpenbuaM. Bo- facto crpenbuos. On cuMrann (W snonte o60cHo8aHHo), 0 wero no ene flonropyrosa ww aagepaneaiot >xanoaanne wns paanseese npwTec- Nena. A Tyr euje numa Haan YEpOKaT> MaTERHLIM crpenb- lua cypostin Kapanu O63 are Wx vaMenHiKaM H yiTOR- uyncann Pasropaventiie crpensusi sopeannce Ha Kpactoe Kpbine- Luo, cxgarunu wean HlonropyKo- sa nwonpryrn ero 8H¥9, NPRM a OcTpM ning, noncrasnenbc MaTextinKaN, CTOMTMBLIMNCR a: nnouaan. Benea 32 capo Crpeneyroro npaza va ruct Goin cBpowen Goapna Apra- MoH MaTsees - poncTaesHiik tuapuypt Haransi Krpunnosisi ww gamraecenit rasa. xnana Hapsuxnnox. Bee 370 nponso- uno Ha masax aecemuneriero uapa Nerpa. fosopiinn notox, Psasuwneca # YapcKM ABopeH Ctpenbysi y6unn Gpata uapa- tubt Haranbi Kunpunnosisl ~ 60- spina Adanaca Hapsiwknna, knnaa_[puropaa PomogaHoe- coro, Gonpnita AssiKosa, nbA- ka noconbcKoro npukasa Maa~ oa. Crpensust nonro wckanit ‘Apyroro 6para yapnybi Hara- ‘nom Kpannosiss ~ Misawa Ha~ ewKita. Ho OH chpaTanca ® OKORK cBOeN cectpsl. Ha cne- AyOouynit ner» crpenbusi cHoBa ‘pwn 6 Kpew> 1 norpe6o- ‘ann sbinaTe WM Ha pacnpaBy Veana HapeiKinha, yrpoxan, 8 NpoTUBHOM crywae, nepebuTe ‘acex Goap. Uapeata Copia Gonpe, wcnyrasuince, cKasa~ ‘iu _wapnue: «Bpaty TeoeMy He or6bite OF cTpensyos; He no- Bare xe Ham BceM 3a Herol> Vian Hapswnvl Goin Beigel, aq Hum gonro WaneBannce, 2 norom y6unu, B camo me Mockse 03- Bepesue OT KPOBH Mi BORK crpenoust y6neann Gap 4 rpeneuxnx HavanbHnkoe, Kpo- sonponmTae _ npononanoce ‘Ho 18 man 1682 roga. Onno v3 locneminx %xepTs. cTpensyos Can Hemeu-nexaps ox Tanen. Ero o6eununn 8 orpasnennn luapa @egopa Anexceesiua. He rioworno axe aacrynne- (CTBO 8081 NOKOHOTO YaPA, apnur Mapdei Marseeant ‘Anpaxcnwoii, KoTopan 3acou- erenscreosana, ur0 oH TaneH a ee rmasax oTBeqbian ce ‘cHagobea, nepen TeM KaK far wx GonsHomy yap. B pesynorare TpexaHesHort esi Goins youre! win Gexann ws Mocksbi sce, KTo nonnep- -xwaan Happuikinnox. MxOTR yyuenenn cama Yapmua W OHDI lyape Nerp, sninnnne Knana Ha~ PeIUIKMHENX Gono cBeEReHO K yma. 19 man crpenbust onan yapio Merpy veno6urnyi, 8 KoTopoh OHM noTpeGoeann euinnarwTs sanepKaHHoe Ka nosanne - 240 Tice’ pybneh, Gyan Toro spemenn Gsu1aorpomian, seinnatare ‘ee Henan Oxino npocto uaH- weckn. Be rocynapcraeHian kava 6vina nycta. Ho wapesHa Cospen, Koropan rorosianace ‘OkOnYaTeNbHO OTCTpaHAT OT BnactH 1onbIX UapesHuelt, NPM kazana nepennasirs & MOHETE ‘ABOPYOBYIO nocyny M3 CepeSpa Crpenbysi ouennnn ect Coden w yme wepes HecKonb- Ko ANeM Nocne sToro NpOBO- Heckonsxo ane crpensu yscraosanu ce6s raannonn xossesawm Mocksbi m aaxe acer rocyaapcrea mmacunn ee npaewTenbnyet Ro cosepwerHoneraa cBowx Gparees. Merrance xoTe KaK- TO ypesoHiTs —cTpeneuKyio BonbHnuy, Copba HaaHaunna ‘apvoim cTpeneuKAM Havanb~ HiKoM KHAI3A XoBaHcKoro, OH ‘elicrawTenbHo nonbsosanca y cTpenbyos yeaxennem M Mor x KoHTponmposare. Mo ero ‘ann 370 Henerkoe apenn nonysinno HasBaHne XosaH- ‘una. Masp cnenan Boe eno... Tlocne ceepxennn Hapssu- sonnionk Hawanace rpoBHA MExAY nobenuTensin, Mivnocnasckim Cran yme He HHL KHABS Xopanckni w crpenbu. Han Geino KaK-TO OF HMK Ha BBUTECR. ‘Tem Gonee «to Xosanicxnit cran oxaatieare HenpixpeiToe aB- rrenne Ha Copbi. «Korna MeHA we Craver, To B MockBe 6yayT xonyTs No KoneHa 8 KDOBI, — "pro roBopun oH. Pewne oTonBHHyT» oT Tpo- Ha Munocnascxins, XowaHcniia onbianca wcnonsso8ar> ANA aroro crapoo6praues. Ho Co- ‘bea, ymeno ceirpae Ha 370M, socnonssosanace _nonaepi- Kom opmuanbHoit YepKen. O6parmewncs « cTpenbuam, uapesta npurposnna wm, 70 ‘ecnu Te 6yayt eMecre ¢ XoBaH- cxnMt cTapOoGpARLAM, OHA tmecte C narpapxoM noxnwer Mockay v coso8eT aBopaHcKoe ononwenie. Coppua He Greosana. B a5- rycre ona, eMecTe ¢ uapaM, Bonin cecrpamn M_npHbni- >xeHHiM, SKOBB! OTMA- ynace Wa GoroMonve 8 ‘Tpomue-Ceprnesy raspy. Tam ona eficrenTendHo Havana coBypare wepHbie et nom, sTo6 wy Ha Mocrey. Kia Xopat- cont c ceanoM, ompa- SBMBUIMECR ypesoHNGATD paswrenunuy, Gein reaver no AOpore M Rasen KaK MATERHMH, Ctpenbubi, Mune lwmeca cBoero_nngepa, own Ha NonATHy!O ‘pucnann npaeurenbHn- ue Copse Heno6umiyo, 8 KOTOpO! KaRMHNCb npocuni npowesina. Ha 3TOM KOHMANCA ByHT KO- Tope nie oTcpowMn avano caMocTosTent- Horo npaanenun yapa Flerpa. ‘Huxonait HBAHOB 23TEHHAJIBHBIE H30BPETATEIH «@AKTBI H HHYETO, KPOME ®AKTOB» Tenuanbreii xumux JlaBya3be 3aKOHYI CBOHO 2KU3Hb Ha FWibOTUHeE «lanauy AoBonbHO 6bino MrHOBeHHA, 470Gb! OTPYEHTP 3TY FonOBY, HO, MOXET GEIT, ‘Toners 6yAeT Mano, 4TOBbI NPOM3BECTH APYTYIO TaKyiO Ken, 3TOT FOpbKINit KOM- MeHTapii 3HaMennroro Matematika JlarpaHxa BnonHe Mor CTaTb anivTadwel Ha Mormne apyroro waBecTHoro paHuysckoro yueHoro - AHTyaHa JlaByaabe. Ho ¥eM 2ke H KOMY He YORMN XMM, B 3eHHITe CBOeMi Cab! OKASaBLIMIICH Ha TANBOTHHE? Huyero He npanecna, xpomemy- «Crlenyer MATH ve nivero,a marepin He momer enn, 3ar0 mononton Wenosex WCKMIONMTEIbHO wevesiyTe, asyaave w sbioen yanenca ecrectaenHin Hayra- OT W3BECTHOTO «<3aKOH CoxpaheHin BewectBa>. mw, nog pykoBoncreom ye Ma- K HEBEZOMOMY...» Pesymerares Me CBOMK wccne- Crireix yweHooe manHO nayvaR —CegyiouyWhBbiuleyKa3aH- osaHiM oGoGuyAn @ KANE IMaTeMaTvKy, acTPOHOMMO, 27- HOM NpMMUIMY YueHBIA Cop- M GorTm cKONNeHWeM. paanMtunbix ansHoro orayna» - o6wecTBa OBReAWHMEUNA —NpABMNBHEIe —TeopwN a ana NOAMWMHOM Ha- GunaHcucTo®, KoTopoe 33 OT TeOpMM, KOTOPDIA, 8 CBOIO O¥E- yKOM, ONMpaIOUIeNICA Ha ¢aKTHL ‘cryniite rocyaapcrey Momo pe, nerniBocHOBy oprannve- Hao cKazaTe, WTO 8 Noches: 3aKMIMaTECR CGOPOM BTOPO- CKO xHMINN.B XVII BeKE COBep- HH TORI CBOE mUBKN, RAKE CTenenibox wanoros - cone wanoce HeMaNO OTKPETA, BOT GyBY'M ynpasnaoUNN par Horo, Ta6a4HOro, BMHHOTO TONSKO TpaKTOBANM IK yueNDIe UyScKUXx RopoxoBbIX 3a80R08 WW Ta. 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Hano cKasarb, nafaOWAMA STAM CBOFACTEOM. Cbirpana PoKOBYIO pon B Mani ‘To paaknua 8 Bo3pacre HiKaK BnocnencraHn OHM Gyayr Har HeMWeN cyab6e Masyasbe. Torna He crasanac Ha OTHOWHNAX 38aHt KUCTOPOROM M azoTOM ogObHbIe KeCTBY NOKAPHbIX, 11 3 KOTOPbIX NOTHGNH BO BpeMA NMKBMAauWMM aBapHin, yanocb He Aony- (cTuTe Gonbuloro KonMuecTBa XepTB. cree oe ee ina BO BPeMA NpoBeAeHHA UITATHOM Texononnyeckom onepauyin - crea Bop! is pesepsyapa, B KOTOPOM HaxomWnoc 450 Tow nponana. Npwankolt asapnn, ckopel Bcero, crana nepAHaR npoGKa, o6paz0eas- lwaaca 8 marncrpanm. Ee nocne orKpsmTaa esepstioro xpaia BbiGuno nop slaaneHMeM, B peaynsrare nponaH ckonMncA ® 2aNeKHy- ‘Tom noMeuleHHH, w 6sin0 nOCTaTOUHO OAHO! \Wcxpos OT npoeswKaBWIe MMO ABTOUMCTED- HH, T0681 npowaowen aapeie. Kpome yno- ManyTexc norGux orHeBopues, KepTEAMA pesesisaioro nponcwecrena cram ewe lwecTe coTpynHAKOa _NpeANPHATHR, KoTO- Poin He ynanoce sbiGpatecn M2 NOByUIK ‘Torna roponox ygantoce orcroRTe, HO nO co- BceM ApyroMy cyeHapmo pasBuBanvice co- Geir, cnyuMBuMeCR NoNTM ABARuaTb nev cnyern, C «nomoutbio» BeTpa 19 oR6pA 1984 rona 8 npropone Me- xuKo, roponKe CaH-XyaH-Wkcyarenex, rae pacnonaranoce raz080e xpaHMWe KOK rain «Mlerponmioc MexcwkaHoce, o6e- ‘cnewneaiowee oGorpes 16-munnMOHHOA Ccroniubt Mexciky, ® weTsipe vaca ytpa ‘Aexypreil oneparop Xoce [mac sanncan 8 BaxTeHHOM >KypHame W HONOMMN Haan Hunky cmensi uroxenepy Ponpurecy: «Havara Mepexauxa raza Ha cTaHUiM 3anonHeHnA Gannonoss. Cnycta vac nocnenoean ero Hosbi noKnag: 8aKyHPOBATD C MHOTONNCNEHHIMM Nepe- ToMaMM KOHeNHOCTEM M OxOTAMA, ‘Ywe NOTOM rocyfapcrBeHlan KOM: cua, uccneayR pwns TpareAIAY, cpena- za eRWHCTBeHH BBIBOR: HenbsA CTPOMTS vrwnbie O6veKTe e6rien onacHBX NpOKS- onc, eepbsbicoxaninnoTHocrs HaceneHin Inpweopir kGonbwomy KonMecTBY wept. K comanennio, HeOMOTpA Ha my6oKiNtaKann2 pwn Karacrpopi 1984 rona, MeKcMKaH- comm snactam We yganod va6eKaT ove- Peaworo crangana 8 ceHTAGpe 2012 rona. Onsite xke Ha rasoxpaHnnnue BGnAM ropo- za Peitnoca npowsoulen 82pbi, 8 peayn- ‘are Koroporo nioru6nn oKono 30 venosek. V1 onto xe npHuntoi asapun Gein Haasan ‘edest 8 cocranoske woe Tpy6. Hano 32- Meri, 470 Ges0nacHOCTs razoxpaHiniy RO CHK nop ocTaeTcA NpoGneMor. ToNKO B 2011 rony Guinn sagmmcpoBanes Ape aHa- rrormunbe asapwn. B A3epbaiipxale np npoucrxe tpyGonposona Kownaninn rvnel, BaKa Sacrpenn- ‘nw nonnyevicene. BnaHus He yaanoce waGemare apecra Tu6enbuniit BocTopr Tak Bown m Knatig, ocranmcs aqecem. Onn Ea Ey \ | Bonn Flapxep 4 Knaiia Bappoy ~ Kak Hu crpanto, y BoHKH Knaiiga noRBHAMce NOKNOH- nk, HexoTopbie 3 Hix CaM xoTeNM Gb Takum cnoco6om Pazornars cKyky GemHocTe. Dpyrne socknujance Tem, Kak ‘vxne smoGneHnbie pacnpas- ‘nancy ¢ Gorauan, KOTOpEIE ‘orkasbisanuce cpasy oTmaeare Wm feHbrn. He ctowT 3a6bt- Bare: Amepmka nepexweana MpeKpaco ocosHasanm: BOHRA u Knafia wmenn 8 caoeM lit Hevero TepaTb. B cny- pacnopaxenHn yensili apcenan ae NOWMKH HH TOY, Ht OpyKnA Apyromy 6bino He wa6e- >xaT> cmepTHol Kai. Flocnen- Hai ron xNBHH napet npowen ‘nog 3HaKOM rHGenbHorO BOC- Topra w npegcmeptioll diGo- pan, ‘Amara Wx Obina Henerka, Vinorna nM Houeeann 8 mpi AopoxHeX Morennx. MotoM, Korma secb ura, Gnaronapa ‘aKTMBHOCTH NonMUelicKHX, CTaN yavasat» BowHM w Knaiia no ‘ororpapnam, napouKe He PegKo npwxogunoce nposo- ANTS HOU B necy M MBITECA B Pylon. Tem He MeHee GprToBHIE ‘TpyaHoca He cMornM paaee- tb Pomanruyeckoro ¢nepa, KoTOpsiM, Kak Ka3anoce camitnt ipectynuuxam, Gbina oBenHa WeKUEH, Bennxyio penpecciio. Shonn — ‘ocoBeHHO 8 NPOBMMUMANDHEX rarax = vaHeisann oT GeaHa- RexwocTH, HiweTe 328M cM _K Gonee cocTonTenbitin coorevectseHHiKaM. Mapxep Bappoy ctana Kem-To Bpo- Ae suipasnrenen HacrpoeHai OsnoGnenHoro GonbwiMHcTea. Flapouxa 6aHauros crana came- PIikaHcKoit MeNTOR ANA MIAN ‘nMonos, Onnccen —nponommanace. Opnomy Bory BenoMo, KaK MM ynapanoce ynwsHyT> oT non ‘yw. He pas napouxy cnacano To, 4To yrHanHeim WM «Dopay, Ha KoTopoM OHM pazveaKani, Guin cosepuenHell n MouHee Maun nionmyeAcKi. “PoTO ws nonMuedicKnx apxnBoR Kaw-to cayautenn —3aKo- Ma noua Hacrarnn BOHHK Wt Knaiina 8 ontom 43 moTeneh ‘Te ynussnynm or crpaxeii 2aKo- Ha, Tak Cka3aTb, 8 eM Goin, B ‘morose npecrynHuKos Hann ‘Terpage, KoTopyo Napkep Mc rucana crwxamin. Muce Mapxep ako onone- ann Teopueckne aMGuuvn: ‘BoM TBOPeHIMA M COBMECTHBIE ‘oro c Knaiinom ona pacceina- ‘na no mecTHbiM razeraM. Aononuurensitit poman- ‘wweckwit opeon noseneHinio ‘smioGnenHex AoGasnANO HHO- "Aa npwcywee wm poOwHryn- ceo. Hanpamep, on uHoraa 3axearbigan nonMueAcKMX 8 3aNOMHMNKH HNO HeHsBeCTHOM ApwxoTH oTnycKAN Wx, axe ‘cHa6qMe napo-TpoAKOA pon- ‘napos Wa Zopory Ao Roma. Hecmotpa Ha apmiio Boc- TOpmeHHBIX —TOKAOHHMKOB, Ha6nionaaumx 3a onucceeit Bonnin » Knaiiga, Haponwoe He- ‘RoBonscTBO «reponMn poco. B wavane 1934 rona emo- Gnesnbie cosepwinnm HaneT Ha Topemy Vicrxam, ocsoGonME Heckonbkvx apyaeih Mlocnenen xannefi crano y6niicreo Hemononoro KoHcTe- 6na, koTopsiit Gin goGponopA- AowHtIM OTYON-ORMHONKOR, Flocne aroro ace cunsi noni lynn Gein Gpowsenes Ha oxory eua's 32 o6narneswinwn npectynni ann, 3a Tpynel ~ He 32 NOMM ya 32 Tpymut — yronosHKo® HaSHaMMTM AeHEMHO® BOSHa- ramen. Opraxnsaunio —onepaynn no aaxeary nopysann Opatny Xeimepy, onertHomy 1 ecro- omy monnyelicxomy, 8 npo- UunoM ~ Texaccxomy peiinnne- ry. Ha onto us aopor Miynai- amet «opp» GaHqnTos nonan ® sacany. Xeiiwep ~ ornmuns oxormine ~ gonro cnenwn 3a Bonin w Knaiigom. OW Mor SeaounBowio yranare mapur yt asixenia Tlonnyericnne ssinycrann 167 nym 8 mawmny TapKep Bappoy. Kaxaeii 1 ano6ner- Hox nonyann no HecKOMeKy Ae- coos panenini Bonin mewrana newb 8 ony orny c Knalijom. Ho ee maTb, xoropan cumrana, «To B2ppoy Bin e€ NOYeNEKY C HCTHHO- Fo nyrs, noxopowmna Naprep foTmensHo. B nocnemHnit nyrs Bon nposoxann psaquars TBICRY NOKMOHHMKOS. Ha ee morwne mare aoicexna: Tax xe, Kak yseroi craHoaRTeA ‘nperpacnee or conhya v pocb, BOT craps mp. craHoBnT- A Ave OT TaKMX mISHel, KaK Mapus KOHIOKOBA Flonmueticxne BbinycrHnn 8 MaWMHy BmIOGneHHOF napowKH x67 yA 273APAQKH BHEIHH 220 )] aTOMy Hapony 32K0H 8 ewe ECA 3an08e- eit, sancanib Ha cxpronansn ‘ArnoToM aaan c Moucea KnRrEy TnoctpowTs WeKOe coopyme- ve — camino. Tpocrol warep ns oBeubx ox Bora we yerpansan. Dna ce0ero 3enHoro obTanmua Beatin norpe6osan Heer AaHworo no croMMOCTA w TPyRY coopymenn. B Berxom 3asere Texhieckie TpeSosaHina k no- ctpovine nepeswcners nerane- Ho. Bor wenen coBpare TPH me- Tana —s0n0To,cepe6po men A Ta¥Ke oBexbio WepcT» (rony- 670, nypnypryo m vepanenyo), vostio wepcT, TOMA BHC- com (nonAHoe ToNoTHO), CHAE pace Gaparew KOKA KOM Imnox0 onpenienneMoro xnBOr Horo «Taxaul, KoToporo onW ‘camTaior gensénnom, Apyrve = MOpCKOM KOpOBOH.(wSBECTHO ‘nuts, 470. 3TH uypes_ ein Inarancrei). Tae HeOBxON- mmo Ginn aparouenneie Kamen, ‘OnMKC, aKBAMAPHM, MACNO AIA een mHoro-MHOrO TBO ‘apaciicxoih axauvnn ~ nepesa ‘epporo u nerKoro. A pO vseonctea pabor Gein B6pa- Hol nBoe MacTepos ~ WcKyCHD\T 8 obpa6orKe meranos, pabore €TaHBI0, peab6e NO KaMHIO Conuennnnn 8 puTyansneix ‘onexnax nepen Konwerou 3asera nepesy Becenewn 3 KoneHa Viyasi cnoco6ieih o6yuar macrepcTey apyrix Aromas 43 onena flava, Ha npovseoqcrTa0 ‘camnan pommeH Goin yitTH BEC enunercknit sonoToi aanac: 29 ‘TananTos " 730 cukneit sonora (oxono 1044 xr); 100 TanaHTos, 1775 caxnelt cepe6pa (oKon0 4 Ton), 70 TanaeTo8 w 2400 cn- Knefi mequ (cBbiue 2,5 TOHHY) Tax ce aparoyennoctm, sbise- sennere vo Enanra, Hawn ce6e xo3niia ~ Bora, TPYA NpeACTOAN wenerKt. 3onoro, cepe6po m men cneno- ano npeepari @ nucrs To- ‘To MsroToBUTS Maccy HeOGxO- Avi npeAMeTOB AA CHAI. Hatin 6 nycroinHoi mecrHocTa ‘epesua, npuuem He ToHeHDKNe, @ nopxonAuye ANA waroToBNe- ita nOcoK W GpeBeHt. Haas oce- blo, B nepebil ron npeOwsaHiA rycroine, coopymenne CAH lMyfien 3aKOHUMA TonbKO K BeC- He sroporo ropa. He6echutit veprex Cra npeneraanana cob0m Gonsuiyonanamny, coBpaniyo vs sepmansio nocrasnenan Gpycoes no TpeM coporn 12 -clora,cesepa u sanana. ce Gpycon Gounn nowperTer mActO- fui SonoTom W_ycTeroeneves ® cepesipmitie napworain Mo xaxston croponte BBep%, exn3y tro uenTpy Sonn cera ma ronoiae sonore wecra (33¢0- bel, op 0 eco up cre fe, Lentpaneni npanesancn ® oreepctan envi Gpycben — an pin Goneilen YeTORnEo- rm, octane seTipe Go ropove BucoTe MUM Oro coopymenia pashannce 100K: ‘a (npumepro 26 oa), pra ~ 31 noKnio (okono 8 m). Bee creHbt Geum ‘yperra Cesare 3aBeCaMM M3 TKAHM (CMeWIMBaTD wvimiyo w Wepcrmryo Hum danpewianocs, a coepxy waTep Gun noxpei Nevepexcromnin noKposom. Nepabilt noKpos 6bin ‘cobpal v3 10 nonoc aBycto- ore Tati, sTopOA — 3 11 nonorit 3 Ko3eeh wep, TPeDta W etbepret— ia Raven Caparoe wraxaua. DkyTpM conwn Goa pas semen Ho wepashile XocTH Tponopuyan 13. 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As hence neenerpancred vanvnua pa onyreue- Crewe wor pase sro eurary Er posure: rm Gouna Nenpmatan, Yranunian 1830 TOWaX CTymet B OSETORTO eONENACTS 8 Monona Wnenio B wontons Fopo- ne BareTyven (ne Honancan) 4 Mapre 1937 rama m nononncn Ha coer Gy Te Kocmonaet Bopnc Eropos Goin Pykosoamrenem IOpus Cenkeswva. ‘On-ro w Aan Monogomy BoeHHOMY BpaNy nyrenxy BxHaHb neaxanewuk. Norom rpanyna aoiina, W oTeu, ‘Ope ompaswnca Ha dpoxT. A nocne Bove: ‘Anexcanap Ceres nonywnn HaaHaueHne a fOMKHOCTS JaMecTUTeNA HasanbHAKa Boeno-mennunAcKom akagemnn (BMA) 8 Tlenunrpane. Tak To evi60pa, «Kem 6b, y eo ceva nium He 6bino, B BMA comy samnavansiika noGnaweK ne qasann, CeHKeemy name npiunoce nocwgeTs Ha raynreaxte. Mpasaa, TO Gino ‘ckopee HicknioveHvem, Bea TaKoe poncTBo waKnageisano Gonbue OTBETCTREHHOCTH, Hexen qasano npewmyuyecre. MOTOMY KyP~ ‘an Cerkeeny Gonbwe nponaaan & Gw6rH- Tee, em Ha TaHuax M 8 THpe. Yke Torna MapHA HHTepeCOBANIM CKPBTBIE BOIMOMHO- cclM WenoBeveckoro opranisma. BnpoveM, Aanewe Kypcosbxx neno He nowlno. 8 1960roay,nonyuvs annomBoeH=pasa, Cenwesi yOoin x mecry cayacGei ~ Havant: HWKOM MeAMYHKTA B WaCTb, pacKRapTypo- BanHyo 8 ropone Bonoroe-4 KanwAnlcKoit (TeepcKoii) obnacra. OpHaKo cnoKonHan ‘cnya6a Gouna We no HpaRY aNnuNOsHOMy neitrevanry. Tem nave wro 8 cTpaHe npo- wa0uno rpaHalioaHoe coBsimue~ 12 anpens 1961 ropa ® Kocwoc ompaaiunca !Opuit [a- apm. HaBepHoe, 370 Gbin enMHcTBeHHbit ‘cyait, Korna Cenkesins eocnonssosanca Ccenanmi orua W'8 1962 ropy noéunce nepe- ona 8 Mockey, 8 VCrimyT aBnauvOHHOM KocMM¥eckoit MeAMUMHts, NO} eM Gai rticasi hemes y=UsN Roy MTa Ne. EU 6naropapa 6ou0HKy uKpbi? B Mockse o6nactoio ero Hayunbix 3afa4 crano vyeHne npoGnems! aBUraTensHor AaKTWBHOCTI B YCRORMRK ArMrTeNbHOM HeBe- ‘comocra, Cycra HeKoTopoe apews s1260- paropio, & KoTopoi paGoran Opn, nepe- Ben 8 VincTaTyT MenKo-GnONOrMeCKHX InpoGnem, a cam oH nepewen # oTpen spa- 'wa-kocmonasta Bopuca Eroposa. Tor Tons- Ko 4T0 BepHynca m3 NoneTa B KOCMOC W Ha- fhncan dyrgamenTansuyio paGory. Tlotomy Gein oGnackay snactos, nonyuan Harpanbt Wnpemau, a Take Kapr-GnaHul 8 Hay¥HENX wabickannnx. Mog pykosoqcTsom Eroposa Cenkesws, npeogones nytt or mrazwero Hay4noro coTpyainka Oo HavanbHMKa OT- ‘Rene, yactBoBan & NoAroTORKe MW MeqN- UMMcKoM OGecneveHAn nunorupyentx Kocmmveckwx noneTos. Kpome Toro, OM CaN ® kavecTee spavia-nccnenosatena rorosMn- ‘ca mnonery 8 Kocmoc. Ho He cnoxinoce. Xpyuencait o6men B cepenme 1960-x pyrosopmrens Mi: BE aeeteepoodasoetecieen peunn opravsodaro akcnepaMen no Eeinagaiino venosera 8 2KctpeMaenbX yonosne. B xavecree arcnepraenanchoa Mnowankn va6pann COBeTCKyIO CTaHUMIO ‘Boctoxs 8 Anraprtre. Yaactve ® acne Dimer Guano cyry60 Aopoeone, HO Geneon yryctute Tanyto.eoaMomHocTeBaneape 1967 rona akcneavums npwne- Tena AMTapxTuny. Tomumo dyHKUMit Bpa- a, Cerkesit4 snepsnie ana cebA npymepun pons axypianucra. Hesanonro go omnpaBKn ‘pyr 1Opia ~ monono epay vw HauinHaio- lw nucatent ApKanwii ApKaHos ~ no3Ha- ommn ero c penaktopom rxypHana «fIpy a Haponos». Cenkeanuy npegnoxunn ‘crave cneuKopom vaganin 8 AnTapKTIRe. Flocne vero akrapxTiecknit nHeBHIK 3KC- ean onyGnvKosanw B xypHane. A caM ‘asrop 8 AkTapKTuKe co6pan yHHKanbHbilh ‘marepwan, Ha OcHOBaHMN KOTOPOTO NO3A- Hee Hanuican kanangarckyo pabory. B 1964 roay rasa CCCP Haku Xpywee ‘cosepuinn noesaKy 8 Hoprerio, Bo ape- ‘a npneMma CoBeTCKMA nARep NOROWEN Kk ‘HameHuToMy nyrewecraenAiny Typy Xefi- epaany W wytniso cnpocuar: «A meHA 6b bi B3ANM B cBOW sKcnenMUnio?» Hopeerey YTounnn: «A uTo abt ymeeTe genars?> Xpy- les He pactepancr: «Mory oTnimuHo B3- it Gopu! A Bbi wTo moGuTe?> Typ ymbi6- Hynce: &Kanyio 4epryio wkpy». Yepes mecau coserckiih qunnowar nipy- Bes nyrewecrsenAiky nogapoK wa CCCP ~ GovoHOK “epHOr uxpHI. Ha ro Xevepnan OTBETIN BIAMMHOA MOGeaHOCTHIO H NPM ‘chan Axanemiio Hayk CCCP npurnauienne loywacraosat 8 efo aKcneANyMi. Peub wna o nnasaHinn vepes Atnattiky Ha nogKe ins nannpyca. Hopsemuy TpeGosanca Bpau CO 3HaHveM aHrnMiicKOrO ABbiKa, ONDITOM SKCNeAMYMOHHOR pa6oTe! MW... 4yBCTBOM tomopa. Kakamiatypy Cenkesmva npea- ‘noxwn Bopac Eropos. Kcram, aHrnwiicenit Opin shan ornmuno. Bo spemn Enoxanbi €eFo Mato cnacha NOXMRy!O ABOPAHKY, MB GnaronapHocto Ta yuna ee coia A2biKaM. 25 man 1969 ropa nogKa «Pa> c MATep- HayowaneHim SKuMaRKeM, 8 COCTABE KO- Toporo Gwin Opinii CenKeauy, nog dnarom OOH ornnsina ot Geperos MapoKxo. 3a wocems Henens CesepHoe 3keaTopnans- Hoe TeveHne yHecno «Pa» Ha natb TeicHY ‘wnomerpos. Onhako eranenckne macTepa, ocrponauine cyano, He aHann Oco6eHHO- CcTeit sniAKAA MopcKOM BORD! Ha KPENeX Tpoctuika, Flonka wayana pacnagateca Tony». BOT TO ican B CBOEM AHEBHIKE Cenkesn: «14 mona. Moronok xiKinHst Tiyrewecrame na nanupycHol noake «Pa, oprannzonannoe ‘Typom Xeviepanom, npwnecno IOpmio Cenkesnuy u2BecTHOCTE M Secuennosi one 3acranxa eKny6a KnHonyrewecTanio = nepenayn, nio6MMo MannKoHaMAN ‘covercxux Tenespurenelt ewe Gonee nportynca. AuyMK nnaBaIoT ‘capnnar, niewet Bona, nocrenn us6M6a- JOTCR, Kak KaKMe-TO ROMCTOpMMECKHE 4yAO- nua. Yemopan c MenMKaMeHTaMM Bee B sone». (Or rvGenw nyrewecraennnkos cnacna poxonmewan mamo AxTa. Ho Typ He cAa- Banca. Ye Hepes AecATS MecALes H3 TOO 2xe nopra npaKTaveckH CTeM me SKMTAKEM ‘orwaniina nanupychan nonKa «Pa-2», pas- Jaa, 8 3707 paa noaKy crpounn mactepa nne- ‘Menm aiwapa c o3epa TariaKaka (GonweHR). Yeped 57 nHelt «Pa-2» npeononena ArnaH- ‘axy m ocrurna ocrposa Bapbanoc. Oxno B map lo boaapatlerom Cennesnia ws nnasa- vue conerckoe Tenesuerie npeanonAno ty ronenvTechsnevarnennnw ©” new Co spwrennvn. M lop Wecronend pad buicrynan na cuehe Tenesravonoro Tea tra. 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No mHennio apxeonoros, 370 cocyA, wcrione308asUuMiTCR APA OnbITOB 8 MacTePCKOH cpeatesexosoro anxwmnka. lap anametpom 16 caHTuMeTpOB a ceronAunni eH RaNReTCR CaMOH KPYNHOM HaxOAKOA ‘Taxoro Tuna. Jo aToro yueHim He BcTpevaNocb AMKHMAYECKIX lwapos quametpom Gonbuwe 13-15 caxtumeTpos. = Amory waaeaTe TPH BePCAM BOaMOKHOFO MPONCKOKAEHUR luapa, - rosopur 3aBenyiow\nit oTAenoM apxeonormM A308CKO- ro my3en-aanoseannxa Anapelt MacnoscKuit. - Bo3MOxHO, €ero npwaeanu 8 ropon ye # roToBoM Bune. BO3MOxHO, OH ‘60in warorosnen MecrHbim pemecreHHHKOM no 2aKa3y aMKK- ‘mua. HaKowey, anxnMank Mor CaM ero WaroToBHTS. Kepamuueckie nonbie wapb wcnonb308anice anxumakann ‘Ana peaxwnit, noapaaymesaquinx anuTenbHbil Harpes Beule- ‘crea b 2aKperTow emnocru. Mo npenBapwrensibin BbIBoRaM ‘apxeonoros, # a308CKOM Wape, cxOpee Bcero, WaroTABNHBa- ‘vce nexapcrea unv 6naroBoHin. Hev3BecTHbI yuacToK Benukoi cTeHbI Bospema packonokHa {il cenepo-sanane Kuran ap- xeonorn HaTKHyMAce Ha Pave HenseecTHosi yua- Tox Benukoti KuraiicKoit Ten. Bcero o6napyme- Ho Tp oTpesKa o6wleh [ANMHOM oKONO 20 me- ‘Tpo8. Ocobyto weHHocTe oTwM MaxonkKam npwsiaeT ‘camomy pakemy srany crponrenocrea rurant- cxoro coopymeHna, BonbuicTBo waeecrHbix cerogna yuacrkos Bennkoit Kuratickoit creHb! cospaHbi BO ‘peMA npasrenna aUKacTHn Mun (1368-1644 rob). Ceitvac we ysenbie Hawinn ocrarkn crpowrenbcrea BpeMex 3N0xh Boon ‘ux yapere (475-221 rons no Hawet apts). MpuGnusHrenbHo Bll Bexe no Hawt apb1 rocyRapcreo Lin, 4roGbi orpaaiTs Gn oF yrpo3bt co cToponb! TpKKMK hemeH XYHHY, HaNaMO ‘B0380ANT OGOPOHHTENbHBIE COOPyIKeHIMA BAON® Pex XyaHXD. Vis tpex Halinenibil y4acTKO8 mul OAMH CnOmeH 3 KaM- twa. flsa APYFMK npeACTABNAIOT COBOH OCTATKA rnMHOBMTHEDK KoHCTpyKuINt. KaMeHHOsit OTPeSOK UMeeT nsTTD MeTpOB B AAMHY, okono NeTbIpeX 8 WIMPMHY M WeCTS~B BbICOTY. Cron nn een ne are Se CU sate anna See ner cee CO eee aE ence erty are ai RM et nC eee et oe ee Sree Eo et cen! Eaipdenatintsiey ih sa POJIAKE C15 MAA! 332KEHIJHHA p< os y=T a Eloy) {ico)srea lao ue) pilot Kg 8 Mion 1950 ropa YeTBepbix OGsMHAeMbIX no NpoyeC- cy Minnagpi Fopakoson, vexocnosalyKon aucciaeHT- ki, NpHrOBOPHAM K CMepTHOH KasHit. O rloMMnoBaHMM Hec4aCTHOM KeHUMHbI NpocHnM MHOrHe 3HaMeHMTEIE yMeHbie M nonMTHkM - AnbGepT SMHuITeNH, YAHCTOH Yepuwnne, 2neoHopa PyssenbT. BecnonesHo: BnacTM Yexocnosaknn nosecinn ee B Tope MaHKpaly, icnit w ecte Ha caeTe crpa Ha, KOTOpaA cnenoBana perm Sibga Tonctoro 0 He Npormenennn any Hacunn em, TO aT YexocnosaKita XX cronerua. BesponotHocTs 4 Aowepunsocts Aa Tyca ABHO Apwuinnce exam no Aywe Gonbuie, vem GecnowanHocr WECTOKOCTD APyrOrO Ha\\HO- HanbHoro repon = Aa ?KWKKI. Uperst or raMHasMcTKH 1 an 1918 ropa a Mpare npoxogiinanepsowalicnan ewoncrpauun, EcrecraeH Wo, He cornacoBanian c ae- crpo-senrepexnn enactn wan. 7-neTana rawwasnctna MwnanaKpanosa -6pocana conpatam Syxer useToo, Use oxo pesoniouin- ra03ziK tinn pos =o aToro He crys noce. Moxer, useTs Sunn we Te, amoxer,epewn 6apxarnen Pesonwounh eule He npnuino. Bnpowew, ye rae-To vepes nonroga’ YexocnosaKin 06 ena vesaencimocte. Brome tnnpno Tlepeta axr rpaxgancroro wenonwionenun oGepmyncn fa Muna nepatin aKasa- tan. Mpasaa, ee yr me np ann 8 Ayryo. Ta6cGyprenan honapsin me omnuvonace {0c060H KecroKoCTbO. Orey Munaati pa6oran an PekTopom KapaHfawHoi da- Spann w mewtan, 06 o4b Tana pavon. Chysnce Tak Munana, 803MoKHO, NpOMir 34 na 6b gonryio W cnoKOMHyO 2xvaH. Ho OnHOBpeMeHHO OT ckapnatanes ymepna crapwaa cecrpa m mnaqwinit Gpat Mu rapes. Ee Yewicxne 6norpadot YyBepAWoT, TO 8 3TOT MOMeHT ova novAna, To He MoMeT ocrasareca GesyuactHoh Myx CTPamaHMAM, Mew na nocesTHTe mM3Hb 3860Te 0 cna6ere, yHMReHHDOX H OCKOP- GneHHbix. Beith MomeT, 6HO- Fpager cnerka npucowniun, Ho, 8 mo60M cnywae, M oTeU, Wn0%» pasowaposannce 8 me- AMunne. M Marana nocrynana Ha lopnamweckiia axynorer. B yunsepeutete ona no- sHaKommnace ¢ npoeccopom Borycnasom fopaKom m crana ero meHoi. Manana cnyauna 8 UerTpanbHom counanbHom ynpasnenmn Nparn, ywacteo: HECJIOMJIEHHAA Tae wir Zoxtop mpasa FopaKosa — ana 8 MexayhaponHoM eH ckom qaixennn, ¢ 1929 rona coctonna unewom Yexocno: Baukol HayvoHan-couann ctmyeckon naptau. 31a. nap: Twa Gpina cosgana ewe 6 XIX eke 8 npoTHBOBeC aBcrpit komt coUMan-AeMoxpaTAi, KoTopan 6 HayMOHaNbHOM Bonpoce saHwMana CnMUKOM yMepeHHyio noamumio, orpa- HuMMBaAC> —_TpeGoBaHem kymbtypHoi asroHomu, Paay- Munaga Topaxosa v 3asapa Benews, npesngent YexocnowaKnn Meerca, 37a napran He wMena Huwero O6uwero c repMaHcKH- ‘Mn -HauMonan-coumanncTaMn, (Ona Bxonuna 8 npaBALyIo KO" annunio, a cpegM ee pykKoBo- aurenen Own 3asapa Benew, sannsuinh 8 1935 roay noct npeswenta YexocniosaKi. Tlocne «Mioxenckoro cro- Bopa> eeu 6e3ponoTHo okikyn cook noct M ornpa- Bianca 8 smnrpaywo. Munaga (renepe yxe fopaKoea) ocra: ‘nace Wa pogne. Ona yuacteo sana 8 Conpormenennn 4 8 1940 roay ame nonana s pykm recrano. Yepes uervipe roma ee cyqunn 8 Apesnene. Npo- kypop TpeGosan cmepTHoit ka3Hn, ofMaKO CyAba BaiHecnit Gonee markiin npurozop - 80- emp ner. fecrano go6neanoce OBTOpHoro _npoyecca, HO Gesycrewno. Kak eqn, Hem ub o6ounnce ¢ Topakosoh xyme, Yem aactpHiiybi. BeKope KOMMyHVIcTEI nepenmonyT He- MeUKUx ORKynaHToR. B anpene 1945-ro TopaKo- By ocgoGoqvinM amepnKaHubs. Flo npeanonenwo beHewa, ephyawerocr Ha nlocT npean- ext, TopaKosa Gannorypo- anacb 8 napnament v simrpa-a ebiGopsi. Kpome Toro, oHa BoarnaRW- fu Yexocnorayxa cover eH. EM HeopHoKpatHonpen- aranw acrynits 8 komnapmiie, HO ona orxaatieanace, Ewe 8 1930-e rons Munana nocenana CosercKinit Cows 1 HMKAKHX Un: snwoauia Wa ero cuer He Bpema AMKTATYPbL —__Munagacmyxew Boryenason FopaKou fo 1948 rona 8 wpouepsio na otapixe Yexocnosaknn co xpananiace gemoKparus, op: ako ace noHManl, TO ycTa- HoBnenme KoMMYHCTUNeCKOH ‘Auxrarypst ~ Bonpoc epemenn Amepuxanus ybinit pykit: nO nakram Cranuwa ~ Yepswnna ~ Pyszensra crpalia Haxonunact 8 CORETCKOM 20He BMuAHUA. B 1947-m Heypoxah noctasun Uexocnosakiio Ha rpae ro- noga. AMepuKaku! 8 noMOUM corkasanm, a CCCP nowor. Hex sce Gonbive o6pauiani ss0pe1 Ha Boctox. B espane 1948-ro aapaaunca npapuTenscraeH- Hel Kpusvc. Kommaynucrot opranmaorann myorouncnes ble MMRTHHTH u za6acroBKi, Npeangent Benew, Kak acera, yerynan nasnenmo mw nopysin opmmporanve —npaaurens- crea Kommynucry forsaneny. Tlocne wero BeHew cHoka oT umn 8 swwrpaymo. Mpasna, Ha BTOT pas «BHyTpeHHIOI ~ OH yenntunca Ha cooel eunne & FOKHOI Yexvn. A eckope oTKa- zancs nognucats paspa6orar yio KOMMYHHCTaMM KOHCTITY um v nonan @ orcraexy, Ewe 8 Mapre noxoHuHn ¢ Cobo! ero. Onvexatiwn coparank ~ mn Muctp wMocTpaHHonx pen Ak Macapuk, colt nepaoro npeai- eva YexocnowaKnu, Bo spema despanscroro Kpvaica, KOraa MYAUUKBI «He: porenaniice say Hacuninen, Topakora niiranace cozaare sacenanne napnanenta. Kor a apyrme myxamees us ancna femoxpatos ompasnnuicy B aMurpaynie (BHeUIKIOW), OHA ocranacb 8 crpate, 4T06s! oT: KpBITO NPOTHBOCTORT KOMMY: Huicraveckomy npon3eony. «He xaneite 060 MHE...» B centabpe 1949-ro ee apecrosann, — Kommysncret Pewnnu yctpouTe oTKpbITBlt oKasarenbHuik npouecc mo npumepy Coserckoro Covoza, Tepe cynom npeqcrann 13 YenoseK ~ BoceMb wneHOB Haywonanso-counanuicTaNe ‘ckolt naprim, Alea npeacrasn: Tena HapoRHon napran, 16a counan-gemoxpara nm paxe opm TpouKvct. Thasapem aro —_«Teppopuictuueckoit Tpynner, — elicreoeaswen no 3ananio 2anaaHerx wn OHCKHX YeHTPOB, Geina OB: raneHa Munana TopaKoea, OGenuemox sanyrupanu, He ‘abana criatb ~ 8 O6ueM, felt creoeana no acem 2aKoHaMt waHpa. BonbUIMicTB0 Chom moc. Comte TopaKosy He yanoce = Ha cyge ona orsepr- ra ace o6aMHeMMA, Mipoyece Hawanca 31 wan 1950 ropa. Tornawnne vexo- cnosayxne CMM coobwann, rear Perron Cerrone eee To Hasanca «npo- uecc Ham pykoBo- aurenamn —ausep- CHOHKOro 3aroBopa nporus pecny6nuku wee Haponar. Mpo: uece nunca acero vue Henenio, oH Tpancnuposanca no anno. Cynpn Gay: TenbHo cnequnn 3a TeM, wTO6b! BCE 06: aunnemsie ronopunn cornacho cyeHapio, KoTopbi Hanwcann cheynanbHo ana wax. OanaKo — fopakona npiTanace nonemat posars, npwBonwna AoBon HesMMOBHOCT NOACYAKMBIX, orctynana oT «Heobxon- Moro» TeKcta. 310 npuBeno K Tomy, NTO CyAbA Bbiuen 13 ce6a iM BbIHeC OBBmHAEMLIM ‘cyposbie npurosopes. FopaKo- By MpHrosopunn K cMepTHOR kaaun, Bor vem sakanuneaet- cA nonemuka ¢ cyabel, ume: lyin Yerkive yxasani cBepxy. Yeneiwae npurosop, Mv nana He pactepanace. «fl npo- urpana ToT 6olt H yxoKy ecToi0», ~ sanswna TopaKosa, 3a Hee Bctynunuce YaHCTOH Yepunnne, 3neonopa Pys ener, AnbGepr Sinwrenn Beptpan Paccen. Ho Kommy HUCTEI noKasanu, To WyTlATe He HamepeHt Mlepen ucnonennen npu- rosopa Munna Hanucana iceMo cBonM ApysbaIM. «He xanelire 060 mie! A npoxu na npexpachyio »v3He! Kapy BOW HECy MOKOPHO u NoB: UnHAloce ef GeaponotHo epen cygom cece cosec 8 YycToana w Hageloce, Bepio, M Momiocb 0 Tom, uTO6ts ycTORT epeg cygoM Hamsbicuim, ne- pen Borom... Bynbte canst ceGA GesmepHon nevanbio. He mewaiire mHe cao pit AaHuamn. Ber gonmHbl Teneps xuTb 3a MEHR... ToHpeTe & ryra w 8 nec, Tam B apomaTe yperos Haigere uacruuny MeHA, nojiqere @ none, nwo: Gyittecb KpacoToH, ecerna Gynem emecre... Trust ye po6yaqaiorcn — HauMHaeT ceetare. May © nogHaroti ro- noBOA...» 27 moun 1950 ropa FopaKo- sy nosecinn 80 geope Nax- KpauKoh Topemel. Ceroaia bra ava oTMewaeTca 8 Yexnit kak fle namata xepTe KOM- MyHuicraueckix penpeccui A 8 2007 ropy or6sisate cpoK 8 ManKpauKyo Toppmy ompasunace 86-neruaa Sion muna Bpoxosa-MlonegHoea, Gbiswan Ha npouecce FopaKo- Boi rocymapcraeHtim o68H nutenen. Yepea Tp roga ee nommnoganu. Oa roppo 3a siBna, MTO HMO WeM He maneeT. Flare He sHaewe, KON m3 ny XeHUIMH COUyBCTBORATE GOnb- we. Ecnu saqymareca © Beso (TH, 70, noxanyit, sTopO!. Tae6 CTALIKOBCOKPOBHIIA HALHH AJIMA3HbIH TPOH pee yeeties Tocne socxoknenia 14 wiona 1645 roa Ha npecton Anexces Muxaii- nosnia M3 AMHaCTHM PoMaHoBbix PoccHel 3aMHTepecoBanucs MHOTMe ‘Aenosbie mony Tex ner. Bonbuas TeppuTopus M HaceneHve, npUpopHoe WB06MNMe M OTHOCHTeNbHO MGepanbHoe 3aKOHOAATENLCTBO He MOT/IM He MpMened MHOCTpaHHbIx HerouMaHTOB M MacTepoB, KOTOpbie BMAENH BO ‘He3anHo BOSBbICMBWHENICA CrpaHe Goratoro napTHepa. BB 2222 22 reponse me lust apMAHCKOrO NpOncKOMREHHR, B Ronbirke ycTaHOsiTs TOproBsie OTHOUE- hus. 8 1660 rony menerauia apunncnin Kynyos npw6eina 8 MocKsy. B onKom 13 apxnenex apinacox o npHeane nepcos xa2aH0: «1660 ropa, BenuKomy Focyniap© Uapio AneKceo Mixaiinoanuy senom yaa iin KuaunGawcKaro waxoea Gnamiaro Nenosera Vixro Monesnetosa, Kynunna Apmannn 3axapeh Capanapos 8 napex: kpecna onpasneHi 3010TOM c KaMeHbM, ¢ anmaabi WC RXOHTEI MC meMYTH, NO OLEH: Ke 22,591 py6. aso Boiweynomaryroe Kpecno, npenvaaHa: Memoe B KaYeCTBe Aapa PyCcKOMY Yaplo, crowno nepcam Hemanbix cpencte. LIne yxpaweHua TpoMa oMM KynIMnM B VZVAR ITAPA AJIEKCEA mwomecteo AparoueHbix KaMHe, 8 TOM sinene 800 pena anwasos. TpoH oGnoskt- ‘nv aonorolt Gacwoli (rox werannine ‘oan nicratan CaiGira No AepeBAHHoih marpiiue ysopon) ui ceraTa wexakttan Haknagvanin, yxpaluenneuan sparouen- smu Kame, Nepentiow acto TPOHa YCbr mani 876 anwasayin w 1224 aparoyentann xONTaM, VayMPYRaNN, 2 TARE NONE creom enn 28 mapra 1660 ropa npusiauan & Mo- rey nenerauin xynoe 4 PeMecneNHiKoB ‘penopiecna 1poM Anexcelo Mixalinoamay Twwainueny. pol rpmwence Yapro no aye. M HeyRi- aurensHo: sep Han Hum pa6orann nysulne joBenipoi nepcitcxoro waxa, KoTOPBIe Bn: >xsni 8 Hero ayisy ncepaLE Ha cepeGpawenx nnacriax WsoGpaxenst uryper noroHuKoR Ha cnoHax, anMaoRDs ©x@aTOK AHBOTHBOK AMYPHBIA OpHaMe:T. Bannan sacte crit, GoxoRbIe noaepx MOCTH 2apHUDe HOMER M cHAEHDA, RepdHnA SiacTe ocHosaHin pacricar tanHinariopa Mt co cuenann oxoTey, pos m parison seepei. Ha sepry TpoHa, Ha cTONGMKax, ykpernenb! 3onotete durypet anocrona Me- pa w Honan Yygotbopua, 2 geyrnasoro opna nocpes enum caenann yne 8 Poc- can, Ha crite rpona no wepHomy Sapxary fs! wWenkoxt v s0noToM Typ EK renies (ayxoR-xpanuenel), 2epmauNn 8 Conkoit pyre no Tpy6e, a Apyror pykoi non: ARepxuBaIouwHx Kopomy. B aTOM KOPOHE Ha xoparea 21 anwas, 28 rosa a @ Tp WAT xpynnoro meMuyra axpannens 105 3epen. Frosrawn 1 meMyrOM pacUMTa Wt TPyAb anAoro Fenian, 2 MeNRY Muli pacnono: 2xeHa yHInaHHaR meMyTOM HapAce (162 ‘enki: 2epra): «Morywectaennerwenty 1 enoBequmemwemy Mocxosin Vivnepao: py Anerces, Ha 2eune Gnarononysro uap- ‘CTayIouemy, CEA TPOH Benak HCKYECTEON Cpenanisit fa Byner npenananenoBanient TpARyWero & HeSecax newtoro GnaxencTea Flera Xpucroea 1659, Ero pbicora ~161 cM, uMpwwa ~ 75,5 a4, prune —S1 cm TlocnenHnm canonepmyeM, cesun no caysano roponauiut 14 man 1896 ropa Ha TOF TpoH, in nocneaHA wMneparop Poc- can Hixon B Hacronujee eens yxuanbas ana uit Tpom xpanintea © Opymelinor nanane Mocxoscroro Kpewnn, es PaO U.N wii MU ATT 590883