Opera Induction Assignment

(MGW4452011)
4 V's of operation
Four Vs, Volume, Variety, Variation and Visibility.

The Volume Dimension

Higher the volume, lower the unit cost. Lower the Volume, higher is the unit cost.

The Variety Dimension

A low cost model is more easily achieved with less variety.

The Variation Dimension

The implication is that the cost of operation per unit cost can be kept low, as demand is
relatively stable and work is routine; however, there will be high utilization of resources due to
high volume and low variation.

The Visibility Dimension

This dimension refers to a customer's ability to see, track their experience or order through the
operations process. The service skill of employees greatly affects the customers experience.

Control Chart
The control chart is a graph used to study how a process changes over time. Data are plotted in
time order. A control chart always has a central line for the average, an upper line for the upper
control limit and a lower line for the lower control limit. These lines are determined from
historical data. By comparing current data to these lines, you can draw conclusions about
whether the process variation is consistent (in control) or is unpredictable (out of control,
affected by special causes of variation).

JUST IN TIME

It is an inventory strategy companies employ to increase efficiency and decrease waste by

receiving goods only as they are needed in the production process, thereby reducing inventory
costs. This method requires producers to forecast demand accurately.
 This inventory supply system represents a shift away from the older just-in-case strategy, in
which producers carried large inventories in case higher demand had to be met. Eg. A car
manufacturer that operates with very low inventory levels, relying on its supply chain to deliver
the parts it needs to build cars. The parts needed to manufacture the cars do not arrive before
or after they are needed; instead, they arrive just as they are needed.

JIDOKA
Jidoka or Autonomation means "intelligent automation" or "humanized automation". In practice,
it means that an automated process is sufficiently "aware" of itself so that it will:
Detect process malfunctions or product defects
Stop itself
Alert the operator
A future goal of autonomation is self-correction.

Jidoka:-
Improves the speed of detecting defects
Reduces costs by reducing damage to work-in-progress and equipment, and by
preventing further processing on flawed work-in-progress
Improves operator morale, particularly if the operator is trained to resolve problems
(rather than simply calling for a technician)
May reduce direct labor costs by permitting one worker to "supervise" several machines

POKA YOKE
It is a Japanese term which means mistake proofing.

A poka-yoke device is one that prevents incorrect parts from being made or assembled, or
easily identifies a flaw or error.

Or mistake-proofing, a means of providing a visual or other signal to indicate a characteristic

state. Often referred to as error-proofing, poka-yoke is actually the first step in truly error-
proofing a system. Error-proofing is a manufacturing technique of preventing errors by designing
the manufacturing process, equipment, and tools so that an operation literally cannot be
performed incorrectly.
Kanban
Literally a visual record a method controlling material flow through a JIT manufacturing system
by using cards to authorize a work station to transfer or produce materials. Kanban is
an inventory-control system to control the supply chain. Taiichi Ohno, anindustrial
engineer at Toyota, developed kanban to improve manufacturing efficiency. Kanban is one
method to achieve JIT.[3] One of the main benefits of kanban is to establish an upper limit to
the work in progressinventory, avoiding overloading of the manufacturing system.

Least slack rule (LS)

A priority rule that gives top priority to the waiting job whose slack time is least; slack time is the
difference between the length of time remaining until the job is due and the length of its
operation time. Slack time is the amount of time left after a job if the job was started now.

Operating characteristic (OC) curve

Given a sampling plan, the graph of the probability of accepting a shipment as a function of the
quality of the shipment. Graph used in quality control to determine the probability of
accepting production lots when using different sampling schemes. It shows percentage-
defectives along the horizontal ('X'), axis and probability of acceptance along the vertical ('Y')
axis. Lots having more than the acceptable percentage of defectives are rejected.