20 k thut chp nh chn dung

(Phn 1)

20 k thut chp nh chn dung (Phn 1)

vuanhiepanh.com Phn ln nhng k thut ny l dnh cho
nhip nh s (digital photography), tuy nhin n vn da
trn nhip nh kinh in. K THUT 1: Camera setting. K
THUT 2: Outdoor Lighting.
Quan im nhip nh ca ti gm c 3 phn:
1. Thu nhp d liu tt (capturing good data): Phn ny lin quan
n k thut chp (nh sng, posing, b cc, gc chp, timing).
2. Bin d liu thnh thng tin (post-processing): Phn ny lin quan
n k thut phng ti. Nhng k thut cn thit trong Photoshop
iu chnh nh sng, mu sc, v tng phn.
3. Trnh by thng tin: Phn ny lin quan n in n, online, framing,
special effect...

K THUT 1: Camera setting.

bo m c d liu tt v chp vi hiu qu cao th vic u tin
l phi chn nhng "setting" sau y chnh xc: file format, color
space, ISO setting, white balance, exposure, color temparature, auto
focus point, metering mode, v lens.
Ti cho rng cc bn s dng t medium ti high-end camera, ngha
l c nhng setting nu trn. Ti xin ln lt tho lun tng phn
mt.

1. File format: Nu bn chn white balance v color temperature

ng th xin bn t tin v mnh dn chp "JPEG large". Vi format
ny, bn c cht lng (quality) chun b "edit" trong PS.
Bn thn ti tng chp Canon EOS D30 (3 MegaPixel) v sau
dng k thut PS phng ln n 20-by-30 inches m nhn vn r
nt. Hn na, portrait photographer thng phi chp vi s lng
ln, nu nh chp RAW th khng cha dc nhiu lm trn memory
card v nu bn c my tnh "chm" th s mt nhiu th gi upload,
chnh white balance, color temperature, convert thnh JPEG, nhng
vic ny lm gim hiu nng ca ngi chp.

2. Color space: Chn Adobe RGB hn l sRGB, v sRGB dnh cho

Internet, cn RGB dng cho mi trng hp. Nu bn chp RGB ri
sau quyt nh dng cho Internet th bn ch c vic "compress"
n li trong PS l xong.

3. ISO setting: chn ISO cao nht m my ca bn c th "chu

dc" m khng b "noise". Thng thng th ISO thp cho kt qu
tt hn, nhng nhng my sau ny nh Canon EOS 20D c th chp
c ISO setting 400 m vn khng b "noise". Tn dng s tin b
ny, bn c th tc chp cao v c nh (1/125s) bt my
chn khu ln (trng hp chp h thng TV, tc l bn chn tc
, my chn khu ). L do chp tc nhanh l v trong khi
chp chn dung, bn phi di chuyn nhiu v iu khin model cng
lc nn rt d b run my.Hn na vi ISO setting cao v tc cao,
ta lun c khu ln (iu ny cn thit c chiu su nh
trng hp, cn thit cho portrait).

4.White Balance: Yu t ny quyt nh n "tng" mu (lnh,

nng, neutral). Hu ht cc my u c auto, nhng ta nn ng
theo trng hp (coi manual ca my bn bit r hn).

5. Exposure: Vi TV auto setting khng phi lc no ta cng c

"perfect exposure". Lun lun kim tra histogram xem hnh c b
over hay under exposure hay khng.
Nhn vo histogram, nu ta thy c mt vch en di dc bn phi
ca biu , c ngha l vng b "blown-out" (mt chi tit). Tng
t nh vy, nu c mt vch en dc bn tri c ngha l hnh b
mt chi tit trong vng ti. (Nu bn dng my Canon, bm nt info
bn s thy histogram hin ln, nhng vng mt chi tit n s chp
chp trn ha )

Over Exposure: mt chi tit ni vng sng

Under Exposure: mt chi tit ni vng ti

khc phc, ta dng exposure compensation. Tng ln hay gim

i cn bng nh sng li (Xem camera manual ca bn coi
cch chnh).

6. Color temperature:
Tri nng (sunny daylight outdoors): khong 5200 K
Trong bng rm (shaded areas outdoors): khong 7000 K
Tri my, tri bun m m, hay lc mt tri ln: khong 6000K

7. Auto Focus Point: Trong chn dung bn ch cn 1 focus point l

ri (Canon 10D c 7 focus point). Khi chp lun lun ly im
focus l con mt (con mt l ca s ca tm hn m :lol:

8. Metering Mode: Chn Partial Metering hay Center Weighted

Metering Mode c bit l khi chp close up hay khi background qu
sng. Chn Evaluative Metering khi backgorund p.

9. Lenses: Trong khi chp chn dung th iu khin model

(communication) ng mt phn RT l quan trng, nn chp tele
t 70mm n 135 mm l l tng nht. Nu ta chp knh di 50
mm, th ta phi ng gn, iu ny lm cho model mt t nhin
(ngi ta rt nhy cm khi b ng knh d st vo ngi). Nu ta chp
knh qu hp nh tele 300 mm th ta phi "ht" ln th model mi
bit mnh mun ci g :LOL:
Ni chung l rnG gi mt khong cch lm vic (working distance)
m mnh v model cm thy thoi mi.

Phn ny rt l "boring" nhng rt l quan trng. Vn l bn phi

hon ton hiu bit camera ca mnh v trong khi lm vic bn ch
tp trung ht thi gi quan st nh sng, iu khin model
"posing", v "communication".

K THUT 2: Outdoor Lighting.

Nhng nh sng thng gp khi chp ngoi tri l:

1. Tri my (Cloudy day): y l nh sng l tng nht chp

chn dung. y l loi nh sng tn (diffused light), do mt tri b
"block" bi my nn nh sng rt nh, tuy nhin da model s b "ti"
nn cn c chnh mu li trong PS. Vi loi nh sng ny, bn
khng phi lo lng nhiu v v tr chp. ng u chp cng n tin
ht .

nh ny mnh chp Utah trong mt ngy tri y my.

Evaluating metering, fill flash.

2. Trong rm (shade): Nu ngoi tri qu nng th tm bng rm

chp. Nu chp di tn cy th coi chng nh snh i qua k l
s to nhng khong l ch trn mt ch :( . Nu chp di hng
hin th tm mt ci tng no m m c mu ng nht (cng t
mu cng tt). Nh vy bn c mt dng "studio ngoi tri" vi
nh sng phn chiu t ngoi nng vo trong bng rm.

Hnh ny c chp di hng hin ca mt nh kho trong mt ngy

rt rt nng. nh sng phn chiu lm cho model b m vng
(yellow cast).

Evaluating Metering, fill flash.

3. nh sng mnh (Hard Light):nh sng ny thng l bui tra
khi mt tri trn nh u. nh sng ny rt gt (harsh) nn to
shadow rt mnh trn mt ca ch . Khi chp, nh mt ca
ch trong bng mt v coi chng nh sng vo mt model to
nn 2 ci l su hom (shadow over eye sockets) :lol:
Ni chung nh sng ny nn trnh v lm cho model nhn nh, m
hi nh nhi. Ch chp khi khng tm c bng mt no chung
quanh.

nh ny c chp dng Center Weight Metering, khng flash.

Zoom st vo mt ch , dng TV setting, o sng, kha setting
li, zoom ra ri chp. (khu 11, tc 1/125, ISO setting 100).
Dng reflector. Set up k th vy m vn b "blown out" tay

Mt cch khc i ph vi nh sng mnh l chp close-up. Trong

trng hp ny, mt ca ch chim phn ln din tch ca
hnh loi b i phn background qu sng.

Mt dng nh sng mnh na l nhng ngy tuyt. Mc d tri y

my nhng mt t ph y tuyt trng nn nh sng phn chiu
rt mnh. Trong trng hp nh vy "cng bc" model mc
"mu m" . Chp vi Center Weigh Metering. Ci kh l da ca
model s b ti

Hnh ny c chp Michigan, model b lnh t ti. Da u c

hng nh th nu khng c PS
4. nh sng nh (soft light): y l dng nh sng l tng nht
chp chn dung. Thng l x chiu khi mt tri xung thp. nh
sng nh n ni m ta c th nhn vo mt tri m khng b nhu
mt
Sau y l 3 cch dng nh sng nh:

Chp thun nng: Mt tri trc mt model. o sng vng

hightlight.

Nu hng nng i vung gc vi gc chp: Chp theo kiu Profile

lm ni bt phn mt (frontal face). Dng flash ph nh phn
bn hng.

Nu mt tri i din camera (back lighting) th nh sng s lm nn

vng hight light chung quanh ch . V nh sng ny thp, nh
chn tia sng i thng vo ng knh, nu khng s b mt lp "m"
ph ln hnh.

5. nh sng ht: y l dng nh sng c bit tng i mnh v

n di t ngoi sng vo trong ti (hay rm). Chp th loi ny nn
dng center weighted metering.

Dng 1: Khi nh sng ht vo t 2 bn (di ci pier, cu, lng).

Mc d nh sng i vo t 1 pha nhng cng c 1 phn nh sng
ngc li do phn chiu. V d nh nh sau y, ngun sng t bn
phi nhng ta vn thy 1 t nh sng hightlight bn tri.
Dng 2: Khi nh sng ht vo t bn trn (trong 1 ci hm vi 3
hay 4 pha b cn nh sng bi nhng ta nh cao tng). Chp loi
ny thng mt ch hi cui v pha trc nh sng khng
b ri vo mt. Nn tn dng nh sng ny hightlight tc ng
thi dng flash fill phn mt.

nh ny chp trong 1 ci hm ct New York (3 chiu b cn nh

sng, v chiu cn li cng b cn bi 1 ta nh cao tng khc). Bn
c th thy nh sng t pha trn hightlight tc v lng ca ch .
Flash c dng lm nh sng chnh (key light).

Dng 3: Window Lighting. y l dng thng gp nht trong 3

dng khi nh sng ht vo t ca s. Ty theo nh sng mnh hay
nh m ch ng gn hay xa ca s, nu cn th dng mt
tm mng (curtain) cn bt nh sng li. Chp loi ny th ly
focus con mt gn ca s v o sng phn hightlight khng b
blown-out.

nh ny c chp high contrast lm ni bt character lines. nh

sng t ca s l ngun sng chnh (key light).

nh ny c chp kt hp vi nh sng n vng trong nh. nh

sng t ca s dng hightlight phn mt bn phi ca em b.

T. Ni chung, nh sng ngoi tri thay i rt l nhanh, nn trong khi

chp phi bit thay i camera setting ca minh cho ph hp vi
iu kin nh sng. Lun lun xc nh cho c u l ngun sng
chnh. "Position" ch sao cho c nhng vng hightlight v shadow
gy c cm gic khng gian 3 chiu.
nh ny, trn mt ch th hin c 4 vng nh sng khc nhau.
Vng sng nht l 1, hi sng l 2, trung bnh l 3, v vng shadow
l 4.