ANSWER SCHEME

TUTORIAL 3 :PROBABILITY

7!
1. = 630 numbers
2!2!2!

including 2 1s and
2 2s

6!
(a) 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 = 180
2! 2!

(Digit 4) including 2 1s ,
2 2s and 2 4s

6!
OR 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 = 90
2! 2! 2!

(Digit 5)
270 3
The probability =
630 7

including 2 1s and
2 2s

5!
(b) 1 5 4 3 2 1 1 = 30
2! 2!

(Digit 4) (Digit 4)

including 2 1s

5!
OR 1 5 4 3 2 1 1 = 60
2!

(Digit 4) (Digit 2)

including 2 1s and
2 2s OR 2 4s

5! 2!
OR 1 5 4 3 2 1 2 = 60
2!2!

(Digit 5) (Digit 2,4)

150 5
The probability
630 21
2. 6! = 720 arrangement

(a) B B B ; where = GIRLS

4! 3! 144 1
The probability =
6! 720 5

(b)
; where = Ani + Fahmi

5! 2! 240 1
The probability =
6! 720 3

(c) Number of ways Ana and Faiz are together = 240

Number of ways they are not together = 720 240 = 480
480 2
Probability =
720 3

(d) Arrangements B G B G B G OR G B G BG B

72
Probability =
720

16
3. n(s) = C3 = 560

11
C3 165 33
(a) P(1 orange) =
560 560 112

5
C1 . 8 C1 . 3 C1 120 3
(b) P(1 orange, 1 aple, 1 pear) =
560 560 14

5
C1 . 11C2 275 55
(c) P(1 orange) =
560 560 112

8
C2 . 3 C1 84 3
(d) P(2 apple, 1 pear) =
560 560 20

1 1 3
4. Given P(A) = , P(B) = , P(A B) =
2 3 4

(a) P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A B)

1 2 3 5
=
2 3 4 12
 P(A B)
(b) P(A/B) =
P(B)
5
12
2
3
5

8

P(B' A')
(c) P(B'/A ')
P(A')
1 P(B A)

P(A')
3
1
4
1
2
1

2

P(A' B)
(d) P(A'/B) =
P(B)
P(B) - P(A B)

P(B)
3

8

3 2
5. Given P(A) = and P(B) =
4 3

(a) A and B are mutually exclusive if P(A B) = 0

P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A B)
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A B)
3 2 11

4 3 12
1

2
A and B are not mutually exclusive

A and B are independent if P(A B) = P(A).P(B)

1 3 2
.
2 4 3
A and B are independent
 (b) P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A B)
3 2 5
=
4 3 6
7

12

P(A B') = P(A) - P(A B)

3 7
=
4 12
1
=
6

1 3 2
6. Given P(P) = , P(Q) = , P(R)
5 10 5

Q P, Q and R P(P Q R) = 0

a P( none of them occur ) P(P' Q' R') = P(P Q R)'

= 1 - P(P Q R)
= 1 - [ P(P) + P(Q) + P(R)]
2 3 4
= 1-[ ]
10 10 10
1
=
10

(b) P(exactly one occurs)

= P(P Q' R') or P(P' Q R') or P(P' Q' R)
P(P).P(Q').P(R') + P(P').P(Q)P.(R') + P(P').P(Q').P(R)
1 7 3 4 3 3 4 7 2
. . . . . .
5 10 5 5 10 5 5 10 5
21 36 56

250
113

250
0.452

7. n(s) = 9 C4 126
1
C1 .6 C3
(a) P(card no 7 ; 3 other cards not included) =
126
20

126
1

6
 1
C11C17 C2
(b) P(card no 2 and no 8) =
126
21

126
1

6

(c)
No of Odd Cards/4 No of Even Cards/5
2 2
3 1
4 1

4
C2 .5 C2 4 C3 .5 C1 4 C4
P(at least 2 cards are even) = 9
C4
60 20 1

126
81

126
9

14
(d) P(card no 9 + 3 other cards)
or P(card no 3 and no 6 must be chosen - card no 9)
C1 .8 C3 2 C2 . 6 C2
1
9
C4
56 15

126
71

126
 G
4/4
8.

B B
1/5 1/4

2/5 G 3/4
B
G
2/6
B
1/4
B 3/4
2/5
4/6 G
G
3/5 2/4 B
G
2/4
G
B = Blue marble
G = Green marble

4 2 3
(a) P(G B G) . .
6 5 4
1

5

(b) BGB or BGG or GGB or GGG

1 1 1 1 2

15 5 5 5 3

(c) GGG or GGB or GBG or BGG

1 1 1 1 4

5 5 5 5 5

(d) P(at least 1 blue marble) = 1 - P(no blue marble)

= 1 - P( 3 green marbles)
1
1
5
4

5
 C

9. M : Male C : Color Blind

F : Female C : not color blind

1
P(C F) 1
(a) P(C|F) = 100
P(F) 56 56
100

1
(b) P(C F) =
100

40
P(C' M) 100 10
(c) P(C'|M) =
P(M) 44 11
100

55
P(F C') 100 11
(d) P(F|C') =
P(F) 95 19
100

283
10. (a) P(C) 0.283
1000
220
(b) P(W L) 0.22
1000
(c) P(W C) P(W) P(C) P(W C)
530 283 153

1000 1000 1000
0.66
(d) P(M ' (LD) ') 1 P(M (LD))
627
1
1000
0.373

(e) P(M L) P(M LD)

194 146

1000 1000
0.34

11. A : component A is selected

B : component B is selected
C : component C is selected

5
20 A
9
20 B
9
(a) 6 P( Component B -1st ) =
20 20
C
 4 A
19
9
19 B
5
20 A 6
19
C
(b) 9 A
20
B B
C
6 A
20
C
B

P(no A in the 1st two selection) = P(only B & C are chosen)

15
C2
20
C2
105

190
21

38

(c) P(at least 1 component A in the 1st two)

= 1 P (no A is chosen in the 1st two selection)
21
= 1-
38

12. Let H : husband passed driving test

W : wife passed driving test

(a) P( H W ) P(H|W).P(W)
14 1
.
15 2
7

15
 (b) P(H' W) or P(H W')
P(W) - P H W or P(H) - P(H W)
P(W) + P(H) - 2 P(H W)
1 7 7
2
2 10 15
4

15

(c) P(H' W') = P(H W)'

1 P(H W)
1 P(H) +P(W) - P(H W)
7 1 7
1
10 2 15
4

15

13. H Hidayah on duty P employee is given permission

E Erna on duty

P
0.1
On duty
H 0.9
3
5 P
P
2 0.05
5
E 0.95

(a) P(P)
3 2
(0.1) (0.05)
5 5
4

50
0.08
 P(H I P) P(H)P(P/H)
(b) P( H / P) = =
P(P) P(H)P(P/H)+P(E)P(P/E)
3 1

5 10
3 2
5 0.1 5 (0.05)

0.75

14. Let F - female

A - academic staff
B - administrative staff

50 2
(a) P(F) = =
125 5

28
(b) P(F A) =
125

(c) P(F B') = P(F) + P(B') - P(F B')

50 105 37
=
125 125 125
118

125
P(F' B)
(d) P(F'|B) =
P(B)
7
7
125
20 20
125