Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Devwudfw=Lq wklv sdshu/ zh suhvhqw d qrqolqhdu wudfn0 zlwk wkh qrqplqlpxp skdvh g|qdplfv> krzhyhu/ wklv w|sh
lqj frqwuroohu iru wkh qrq0plqlpxp skdvh/ xqghudfwx0 ri dssurdfk lpsrvhg uhvwulfwlrqv rq wkh ghvluhg wudmhfwru|1
dwhg prgho ri d yhuwlfdo wdnh r dqg odqglqj +YWRO, Lq ^5`/ rxwsxw wudfnlqj dqg pdqhxyhu uhjxodwlqj frqwuroohuv
dlufudiw1 Vshflfdoo|/ wkh frqwuroohu lv ghvljqhg wr hq0 zhuh sursrvhg wr looxvwudwh wkh dgydqwdjhv ri d pdqhxyhu
vxuh wkdw wkh YWRO dlufudiw srvlwlrq2rulhqwdwlrq wudfnv uhjxodwlqj frqwuroohu ryhu d rxwsxw wudfnlqj dssurdfk1 Lq
^6`/ qrqwulyldo h{whqvlrqv ri ^4` dqg ^5` zhuh suhvhqwhg iru
d uhihuhqfh vljqdo jhqhudwru1 Wkh frqwuroohu hqvxuhv
wkh FWRO +frqyhqwlrqdo wdnh r dqg odqglqj, sureohp1 Lq
wkdw wkh srvlwlrq2rulhqwdwlrq wudfnlqj huuru fdq eh h{0 ^44` dqg ^45`/ Rlvkl hw do1 sursrvhg d ixvlrq ri dssur{lpdwh
srqhqwldoo| irufhg lqwr dq duelwudulo| vpdoo qhljkeru0 olqhdul}dwlrq dqg vzlwfklqj whfkqltxhv wr ghyhors wudfnlqj
krrg durxqg }hur +l1h1/ Joredoo| Xqlirupo| Xowlpdwho| frqwuroohuv lq d vdih hqyhorsh> krzhyhu/ vrph ri wkh diruh0
Erxqghg +JXXE, wudfnlqj,1 phqwlrqhg uhvwulfwlrqv zhuh qrw frpsohwho| dyrlghg1 Uh0
fhqwo|/ Vlud0Udpluh} hw do1/ ^46` sursrvhg dq dssur{lpdwh
4 Lqwurgxfwlrq vroxwlrq wr wkh jhqhudo uhihuhqfh wudmhfwru| wudfnlqj sure0
ohp1
Ryhu wkh odvw ghfdgh/ wkhuh kdv ehhq frqvlghudeoh lqwhuhvw
zlwk uhjdug wr ghvljqlqj frqwuroohuv iru wkh YWRO dlufudiw1 Lq wklv sdshu/ zh xvh vrph rxu suhylrxv zrun lq xqghu0
Wkh YWRO frqwuro sureohp lv lqwhuhvwlqj ehfdxvh wkh vlp0 dfwxdwhg v|vwhpv jlyhq lq ^7` dqg ^9` wr ghvljq d qrqolq0
solhg wzr ghjuhh ri iuhhgrp g|qdplfv duh qrqolqhdu/ qrq0 hdu vwdwh wudfnlqj frqwuroohu iru wkh YWRO sureohp wkdw
plqlpxp skdvh/ dqg xqghudfwxdwhg1 Lw kdv ehhq dfnqrzo0 hqvxuhv Joredoo| Xqlirupo| Xowlpdwho| Erxqghg +JXXE,
hgjhg wkdw vwdwlf lqsxw0rxwsxw olqhdul}dwlrq dssurdfkhv wr wudfnlqj +l1h1/ vwdwh wudfnlqj zlwk uhvshfw wr d uhihuhqfh vlj0
ghfrxsoh uroolqj prphqw dqg wkh odwhudo dffhohudwlrq vhhp qdo jhqhudwru,1 Wkh dssurdfk xvhv d vhulhv ri wudqvirupd0
wr idlo wr surgxfh vdwlvidfwru| shuirupdqfh dv wkh w|sh ri wlrqv vlplodu wr wkh rqhv surylghg lq ^<` dqg ^7` wr pdqlsx0
dssurdfk riwhq uhvxowv lq wkh xqvwdeoh uroo g|qdplfv ehlqj odwh wkh YWRO g|qdplfv lqwr d vxlwdeoh irup zklfk doorzv d
xqrevhuydeoh +Wkh uhdghu lv uhihuuhg wr ^:` iru pruh edfn0 O|dsxqryedvhg frqwuroohu wr eh ghvljqhg1 Wkh frqwuroohu
jurxqg rq wklv sureohp,1 Wr dwwdfn wklv sureohp/ Kdxvhu hw xvhv d g|qdplf rvfloodwru hpehgghg lqvlgh ri wkh ryhudoo
do1 lq ^:` sursrvhg dq dssur{lpdwh lqsxw0rxwsxw olqhdul}d0 frqwuro vwudwhj| wr surylgh dgglwlrqdo ghvljq h{lelolw|1
wlrq> krzhyhu/ wkh frqwuroohu zdv lqlwldoo| ghvljqhg e| dv0
vxplqj wkdw wkh frxsolqj ehwzhhq wkh wkuxvw dqg wkh uroolqj Wkh sdshu lv rujdql}hg dv iroorzv1 Lq Vhfwlrq 5/ zh suhvhqw
prphqwv fdq eh qhjohfwhg1 Xqiruwxqdwho|/ wklv dvvxpswlrq wkh nlqhpdwlf dqg g|qdplf prgho iru wkh YWRO dlufudiw
ohdgv wr pdjqlwxgh uhvwulfwlrqv rq wkh frxsolqj frqvwdqw> dorqj zlwk wkh uhihuhqfh vljqdo jhqhudwru1 Wkh rshq0orrs
ixuwkhupruh/ wkh dssurdfk dovr uhtxluhv wkdw wkh uroo ri wkh wudfnlqj g|qdplfv duh wkhq wudqviruphg lqwr d pruh frqyh0
YWRO dlufudiw eh uhvwulfwhg wr wkh lqwhuydo +3bf c nbf ,1 qlhqw irup iru wkh vxevhtxhqw frqwuroohu ghyhorsphqw dqg
Lq ^<`/ Pduwlq hw do1 sursrvhg d wudfnlqj frqwuroohu edvhg wkh vwdelolw| dqdo|vlv1 Lq Vhfwlrq 6/ zh suhvhqw wkh ghvljq ri
rq glhuhqwldo dwqhvv1 Wkh dxwkru xvhg dq lqwhuhvwlqj ds0 wkh sursrvhg JXXE wudfnlqj frqwuroohu1 Wkh fruuhvsrqg0
surdfk e| qrwlqj wkdw wkh rxwsxw dw d srlqw {hg zlwk uh0 lqj forvhg0orrs huuru v|vwhp lv jlyhq lq Vhfwlrq 7 zkloh wkh
vshfw wr wkh dlufudiw erg| +Kx|jhqv fhqwhu ri rvfloodwlrq, vwdelolw| dqdo|vlv lv jlyhq lq Vhfwlrq 81 Frqfoxglqj uhpdunv
fdq eh xvhg/ zklfk uhvxowv lq d dw lqsxw0vwdwh v|vwhp1 Wklv duh suhvhqwhg lq Vhfwlrq 91
uhvxow glg qrw lpsrvh dq| uhvwulfwlrqv rq wkh frxsolqj frhi0
flhqwv qru rq wkh uroo ri wkh YWRO dlufudiw> krzhyhu/ wklv 5 Prgho Ghyhorsphqw
frqwuroohu lv qrw ghqhg ryhu wkh hqwluh vwdwh vsdfh1 Lq ^;`/
Olq hw do1 ghvljqhg d vhw0srlqw frqwuroohu xvlqj rswlpdo frq0 514 V|vwhp Prgho Irupxodwlrq
wuro whfkqltxhv> krzhyhu/ wkh frqwuro odz uhtxluhg vlplodu Dv ghvfulehg lq ^:`/ wkh g|qdplf v|vwhp htxdwlrqv iru d
uhvwulfwlrqv dv wkrvh lq jlyhq ^:` +lq dgglwlrq/ wkh frqwuro sodqdu yhuwlfdo wdnhr dqg odqglqj +SYWRO, dlufudiw fdq
ghvljq phwkrgrorj| dvvxphg wkdw d sduw ri wkh frqwuro lq0 eh zulwwhq dv iroorzv
sxw fdq eh erxqghg dv d vwdwh glvwxuedqfh,1 Lq ^43`/ Pf0
Fodpurfk hw do1 sursrvhg k|eulg vzlwfklqj vwudwhjlhv iru %
' 3 t? E | n 0 ULt E 6 +4,
wzr glhuhqw vhwsrlqw frqwuro sureohpv1 Lq ^4`/ g|qdplf
lqyhuvlrq dqg urexvw frqwuro whfkqltxhv zhuh xvhg wr ghdo + ' ULt E | n 0 t? E 6 3 +5,
Wklv zrun lv vxssruwhg lq sduw e| wkh X1V1 QVI Judqw GPL0 ' +6,
<78:<9:/ GPL0<;46546/ RQU Judqw Q333470<<04038;</ d GRF
Judqw/ dqg dq DUR Dxwrprwlyh Fhqwhu Judqw1 ' 6 +7,
0-7803-7061-9/01/$10.00 2001 IEEE 4592
zkhuh % E|/ + E|/ E| M ^ ghqrwh wkh Fduwhvldq srvlwlrq 516 Rshq0Orrs Wudfnlqj Huuru V|vwhp Irupxodwlrq
dqg rulhqwdwlrq uhvshfwlyho|/ ri wkh fhqwhu ri pdvv +FRP, Wr txdqwli| wkh frqwuro remhfwlyh/ zh ghqh wkh iroorzlqj
A
ri wkh dlufudiw/ E| M ^ lv dq dx{loldu| vwdwh yduldeoh owhuhg wudfnlqj huuru vljqdo oE| ' o% o+ M ^2 dv
xvhg wr idflolwdwh wkh dqdo|vlv/ | E|/ 6 E| M ^ uhsuh0 iroorzv
u
vhqw wkh yhuwlfdo irufh dqg wkh urwdwlrqdo wrutxh dssolhg wr o% '% n>% +4:,
wkh dlufudiw/ 04 uhsuhvhqwv wkh judylwdwlrqdo dffhohudwlrq/ u
0 uhsuhvhqwv wkh frqvwdqw frxsolqj ehwzhhq wkh uroolqj pr0 o+ '+ n>
+ +4;,
phqw dqg wkh odwhudo dffhohudwlrq ri wkh dlufudiw1 Lq rughu zkhuh > uhsuhvhqwv d frqvwdqw srvlwlyh frqwuro jdlq/ dqg
wr vlpsoli| wkh vxevhtxhqw frqwuro ghyhorsphqw/ zh ghqh %
E| c + E| M ^ uhsuhvhqw wkh vkliwhg Fduwhvldq wudfnlqj
wkh iroorzlqj wudqvirupdwlrq huuru vljqdov zklfk duh h{solflwo| ghqhg dv iroorzv
% ' % 3 0 t? E +8, %
' % 3 %o +4<,
4593
Uhpdun 4 Edvhg rq wkh ghqlwlrq ri o% E| dqg o+ E| 614 Frqwuro Irupxodwlrq
jlyhq lq +4:, dqg +4;,/ vwdqgdug dujxphqwv ^8` fdq eh pdgh Edvhg rq wkh vxevhtxhqw vwdelolw| dqdo|vlv dqg wkh vwuxfwxuh
wr suryh wkdw= +l, li o% E| c o+ E| M n" / wkhq % E|/ + E|/ ri wkh rshq0orrs huuru v|vwhp jlyhq lq +56, dqg +57,/ zh
%
E|/ + E| M n" / dqg +ll, li o% E| dqg o+ E| duh JXXE/ ghvljq wkh dx{loldu| vljqdo _ E| dv iroorzv
wkhq % E| dqg + E| duh JXXE1 A
_ 2 ' @ 3 &2 5 +6:,
Uhpdun 5 Dv looxvwudwhg deryh/ wkh rshq orrs huuru v|vwhp zkhuh &2 M ^ lv d srvlwlyh/ frqvwdqw frqwuro jdlq/ dqg wkh
kdv ehhq irupxodwhg iru wkh vkliwhg Fduwhvldq vljqdov ghqrwhg dx{loldu| frqwuro vljqdo @ E| M ^2 lv ghqhg dv
e| % E|/ + E|/ %o E|/ dqg +o E| zklfk zhuh ruljlqdoo|
lqwurgxfhg lq +8,/ +9,/ +46,/ dqg +47,1 Wr looxvwudwh wkh & n s
@ ' a5_ n l 5_ +6;,
vljqlfdqfh ri wkh vkliwhg wudfnlqj huuru vljqdov/ zh ghqh B 2_
wkh dfwxdo Fduwhvldq wudfnlqj huuru/ ghqrwhg e| % E| dqg zkhuh wkh g|qdplfv ri wkh dx{loldu| frqwuro vljqdo ghqrwhg
+ E|/ dv iroorzv e| 5_ E| M ^2 / duh ghqhg e| wkh iroorzlqj rvfloodwru0olnh
uhodwlrqvkls
%
' % 3 %o + ' + 3 +o +64,
B _ & n s
Zh fdq qrz xvh +64, dorqj zlwk +8,/ +9,/ +46,/ +47,/ +4<,/ 5_ ' 5_ n n l a 5_ c 5_A Ef5_ Ef ' B 2_ Efc
B_ B 2_
dqg +53, wr vkrz wkdw dfwxdo Fduwhvldq wudfnlqj huuru fdq
+6<,
eh zulwwhq lq whupv ri wkh vkliwhg Fduwhvldq wudfnlqj huuru
dqg wkh dx{loldu| whupv l E|/ B _ E| M ^ duh ghqhg dv
dv iroorzv
iroorzv
B _ & 2 n s
% n0 dt? E 3 t? Eo o
'% + ' + 30 dULt E 3 ULt Eo o l ' &2 n n c +73,
B_ B 2_
+65,
Lq dgglwlrq/ zh qrwh wkdw dv d gluhfw frqvhtxhqfh ri wkh B _ ' f i TE3 | n 0 +74,
Phdq Ydoxh Wkhruhp ^47`/ lw fdq eh vkrzq wkdw zlwk & c f / / 0 M ^ ehlqj srvlwlyh/ frqvwdqw ghvljq
4594
zkhuh zh kdyh xwlol}hg wkh idfw wkdw a A ' 3a 1 Ilqdoo|/ Surri = Wr suryh Wkhruhp 4/ zh ghqh d qrq0qhjdwlyh/
e| vxevwlwxwlqj +6;, iru rqo| wkh uvw rffxuuhqfh ri @ E| lq vfdodu ixqfwlrq/ ghqrwhg e| T E| M ^ c dv iroorzv
+79,/ xwlol}lqj wkh htxdolw| jlyhq e| +77,/ h{sorlwlqj wkh vnhz
2 2 A
v|pphwu| ri a ghqhg lq +63,/ dqg wkh idfw wkdw a A a ' U2 T ' n # n 5 5 +88,
+Qrwh wkdw U2 ghqrwhv wkh vwdqgdug 2f2 lghqwlw| pdwul{,/ zh 2 2 2
rewdlq wkh qdo h{suhvvlrq iru wkh forvhg0orrs huuru v|vwhp Diwhu wdnlqj wkh wlph ghulydwlyh ri +88, dqg pdnlqj wkh ds0
iru E| dv iroorzv sursuldwh vxevwlwxwlrqv iurp +7:,/ +84,/ dqg +86,/ zh rewdlq
wkh iroorzlqj h{suhvvlrq
' 3& n A@ a 5 3 #52 +7:,
k l
T ' 3& n A@ a 5 3 #52 +89,
Wr ghwhuplqh wkh forvhg0orrs huuru v|vwhp iru 5E|/ zh wdnh k A l
wkh wlph ghulydwlyh ri +68,/ vxevwlwxwh +6<, iru 5_ E|/ dqg n5 A 3&2 5 n a@ n # f
vxevwlwxwh +57, iru 5E|
wr rewdlq n# d3& # n 52 3 5 o
A
5' BBgg 5_ n &4B5ns n l a5_ 3 _ 2 Diwhu xwlol}lqj wkh idfw wkdw a A ' 3a / fdqfhoolqj frpprq
Ag +7;,
n # f whupv/ dqg xwlol}lqj +88,/ zh fdq xsshu erxqg T E| dv iro0
orzv
zkhuh wkh dx{loldu| frqwuro lqsxw _ E| zdv lqmhfwhg e| T $ 32 4? t& c &2 c & T +8:,
A
dgglqj dqg vxewudfwlqj _ f wr wkh uljkw0vlgh ri Vwdqgdug dujxphqwv fdq qrz eh hpsor|hg wr vroyh wkh gli0
+7;, dqg wkhq +69, zdv xwlol}hg1 Diwhu vxevwlwxwlqj +6:, iru ihuhqwldo lqhtxdolw| jlyhq lq +8:, dv iroorzv
A
_ 2 dqg wkhq vxevwlwxwlqj +6;, iru @ E| lqwr wkh
uhvxowlqj h{suhvvlrq/ zh fdq uhzulwh wkh h{suhvvlrq jlyhq e| T E| $ i TE32 4? t& c &2 c & |T Ef +8;,
+7;, dv iroorzv
Ilqdoo|/ edvhg rq +88,/ wkh h{suhvvlrq jlyhq lq +8;, fdq eh
B _ A uhzulwwhq dv
5' 5_ n l a 5_ 3 l 5_ n &2 5 n # f +7<,
B_ 8[E|8 $ q f i TE3bf |c +8<,
Diwhu vxevwlwxwlqj +73, iru rqo| wkh vhfrqg rffxuuhqfh ri zkhuh [E| M ^e lv ghqhg dv
l E| lq +7<, dqg xvlqj wkh idfw wkdw a a ' 3U2 / zh fdq A
fdqfho frpprq whupv dqg wkhq uhduudqjh wkh uhvxowlqj h{0 [' # 5A c +93,
suhvvlrq wr rewdlq
dqg wkh frqvwdqwv q f / bf M ^ duh ghqhg h{solflwo| dv
& n s A iroorzv
5' 3&2 5 n a a5 _ n l 5 _ n # f
B 2_
+83, q f ' 8[Ef8 bf ' 4? t& c &2 c & +94,
zkhuh +68, zdv xwlol}hg1 Ilqdoo|/ vlqfh wkh eudfnhwhg whup
lq +83, lv htxdo wr @ E| ghqhg lq +6;,/ zh fdq rewdlq wkh Iurp +8<, dqg +93,/ lw lv vwudljkwiruzdug wr vhh wkdw E|/
qdo h{suhvvlrq iru wkh forvhg0orrs huuru v|vwhp iru 5E| dv #E|/ 5E| M n" 1 Diwhu xwlol}lqj +68,/ +77,/ dqg wkh idfw wkdw
iroorzv A 5E|/ B_ E| M n" / zh fdq frqfoxgh wkdw 5E|/ 5_ E| M n" 1
5' 3&2 5 n a @ n # f +84, Iurp wkh idfw wkdw 5E|/ E| M n" c zh fdq xvh wkh lqyhuvh
wudqvirupdwlrq ri +55,/ zklfk lv h{solflwo| jlyhq ehorz
Edvhg rq rxu vxevhtxhqw vwdelolw| dqdo|vlv/ zh ghvljq 6 E| 5 65
5 6 ULt 3 2 t? 6
o%
dv iroorzv 9 2
ULt f
2
:
7 o+ 8 ' 9 t? n 2 ULt : 7 8
6 ' & # n 5 3 52 n _ n o6 +85,
7
t? f
8 5 c
2
f
2
f
52
zkhuh & M ^ lv d srvlwlyh/ frqvwdqw frqwuro jdlq/ dqg
+95,
wkh h{solflw ghqlwlrq iru _ E| lv jlyhq lq Dsshqgl{ D1 Wr wr frqfoxgh wkdw o% E|/ o+ E|/ E| M n" 1 Edvhg rq wkh idfw
ghyhors wkh forvhg0orrs huuru v|vwhp iru #E|/ zh wdnh wkh
wkdw o% E|/ o+ E|/ E| M n" dqg wkh idfw wkdw wkh uhihuhqfh
wlph ghulydwlyh ri +69,/ dqg wkhq vxevwlwxwh iru wkh frqwuro wudmhfwru| lv vhohfwhg vr wkdw %o E|/ +o E|/ o E|/ % o E|/
lqsxw ghqhg lq +85, wr rewdlq + o E|/ o E|/ %
o E|/ +o E| M n" / zh fdq xwlol}h +4:,/ +4;,/
+4<,/ +53,/ dqg +54, wr frqfoxgh wkdw % E|/ + E|/ % E|/
# ' 3& # n 52 3 5 +86, + E|c % E|/ + E|/ E| M n" / dv phqwlrqhg lq Uhpdun 41
zkhuh +58, kdv ehhq xvhg wr vxevwlwxwh iru E|1 Xvlqj wkh idfw wkdw o% E|/ o+ E|/ E|/ %E|/ +E|
M n" / zh
fdq frqfoxgh wkdw s Eu/ A Eu M n" iurp +5<, dqg +5:,1
Edvhg rq wkhvh idfwv/ zh fdq qrz xwlol}h +5;,/ +69,/ +6:,/
8 Vwdelolw| Dqdo|vlv
+6;,/ +6<,/ +73,/ dqg +74,/ wr vkrz wkdw _ E|/ @ E|/ 5_ E|/
Wkhruhp 4 Jlyhq wkh forvhg0orrs v|vwhp ri +7:,/ +84,/ l E|/ E|/ 2 E|/ Eu M n" 1 Iurp +59,/ zh fdq qrz
dqg +86,/ wkh srvlwlrq2rulhqwdwlrq wudfnlqj huuru vljqdov gh0 frqfoxgh wkdw | E|/ E| M n" 1 Edvhg rq wkh suhylrxv
qhg lq +54, dqg +64, duh JXXE lq wkh vhqvh wkdw idfwv/ lw lv hdv| wr vkrz wkdw _ E| M n" +vhh Dsshqgl{ D,1
Diwhu xwlol}lqj/ +85,/ zh fdq qrz vkrz wkdw wkh frqwuro lqsxw
6 E| M n" 1 Zh fdq qrz hpsor| vwdqgdug vljqdo fkdvlqj
%E| c
+ E| c E| $ q e i TE3be | n 0e +87,
dujxphqwv wr frqfoxgh wkdw doo ri wkh uhpdlqlqj vljqdov lq
zkhuh q e / be / dqg 0e M ^ duh srvlwlyh frqvwdqwv zklfk duh wkh frqwuro dqg wkh v|vwhp uhpdlq erxqghg gxulqj forvhg0
h{solflwo| ghqhg lq wkh vxevhtxhqw vwdelolw| surri1 orrs rshudwlrq1
4595
Wr suryh +87,/ zh uvw vkrz wkdw 5E| ghqhg lq +55, lv zkhuh wkh erxqglqj frqvwdqwv ghqhg lq +99, dqg +9:, duh
JXXE e| dsso|lqj wkh wuldqjoh lqhtxdolw| wr +68,/ dqg uhghqhg dv iroorzv
khqfh/ rewdlq wkh iroorzlqj erxqg iru 5E|
q '
% Ef q e '
% Ef n 0q c +:3,
858 $ 8
5 8 n 85_ 8 $ q i T E3b | n 0 +96,
dqg q 2 M ^ lv d qhz srvlwlyh erxqglqj frqvwdqw ghqhg dv
zkhuh +74,/ +77,/ +8<,/ dqg +93, kdyh ehhq xwlol}hg/ dqg wkh
srvlwlyh frqvwdqwv q / b M ^ duh ghqhg dv iroorzv q 2 ' q Eq n 20 n 2 +:4,
4596
^<` S1 Pduwlq/ V1 Ghydvld/ dqg E1 Sdghq/ D Glhuhqw
Orrn dw Rxwsxw Wudfnlqj= Frqwuro ri d YWRO Dlufudiw/
Dxwrpdwlfd/ yro1 65/ qr1 4/ 4<<9/ ss1 434043:1
^43` Q1 PfFodpurfk dqg L1 Nropdqryvn|/ D K|eulg
Vzlwfkhg Prgh Frqwuro Dssurdfk iru Y2VWRO Ioljkw Frq0
wuro Sureohpv/ Surfhhglqjv ri wkh 68wk LHHH Frqihuhqfh rq
Ghflvlrq ) Frqwuro/ Nreh/ MS/ Ghf1 4<<9/ ss1 597;059861
^44` P1 Rlvkl/ dqg F1 Wrpolq/ Vzlwfkhg Qrqolqhdu Frq0
wuro ri d YVWRO Dlufudiw/ Surfhhglqjv ri wkh 6;wk LHHH
Frqihuhqfh rq Ghflvlrq ) Frqwuro/ Skrhql{/ D]/ Ghf1 4<<</
ss1 59;8059<31
^45` P1 Rlvkl/ dqg F1 Wrpolq/ Vzlwfklqj lq Qrqplqlpxp
Skdvh V|vwhpv= Dssolfdwlrqv wr YVWRO Dlufudiw/ Surfhhg0
lqjv ri wkh Dphulfdq Frqwuro Frqihuhqfh/ Fklfdjr/ LO/ Mxqh
5333/ ss1 7;:07<41
^46` K1 Vlud0Udpluh}/ Qrq0plqlpxp Skdvh Rxwsxw Uhi0
huhqfh Wudmhfwru| Wudfnlqj iru d SYWRO Dlufudiw/ Sur0
fhhglqjv ri wkh LHHH Frqihuhqfh rq Frqwuro Dssolfdwlrqv/
Dqfkrudjh/DN/ Vhsw1 5333/ ss1 ;6;0;761
^47` P1 Vwroo/ Lqwurgxfwlrq wr Uhdo Dqdo|vlv/ Dgglvrq Zhv0
oh| Orqjpdq Lqf1/ 4<<:1
D Dsshqgl{ D 0 Fdofxodwlrq ri _
B_
l ' 3 2 n 32
B_ B_ B 2_ B _
+:6,
dqg
s ' 2 3 o| 3 0 2 ULt
o
q r
3 t? o| 3 20 n > o| 3 0 2
o o
o
l
n> 3 % t? E n + ULt E n o 52 n o6 52
+:7,
4597