4100 AWL/Thomas_ch02p073-146 8/19/04 11:01 AM Page 122

122 Chapter 2: Limits and Continuity

EXERCISES 2.5

Infinite Limits x 2 - 3x + 2
21. lim as
Find the limits in Exercises 112. x 3 - 2x 2
1 5 a. x : 0 + b. x : 2+
1. lim+ 2. lim- c. x : 2- d. x : 2
x: 0 3x x: 0 2x
3 1 e. What, if anything, can be said about the limit as x : 0 ?
3. lim- 4. lim+
x: 2 x - 2 x: 3 x - 3 x 2 - 3x + 2
22. lim as
2x 3x x 3 - 4x
5. lim 6. lim
x: -8 + x + 8 x: -5 - 2x + 10 a. x : 2+ b. x : -2+
4 -1 c. x : 0 - d. x : 1+
7. lim 8. lim
x: 7 sx - 7d2 x: 0 x 2sx + 1d e. What, if anything, can be said about the limit as x : 0 ?
2 2 Find the limits in Exercises 2326.
9. a. lim+ b. lim-
x:0 3x 1>3 x: 0 3x 1>3
23. lim a2 - b as
3
10. a. lim+
2
b. lim-
2 t 1>3
x:0 x 1>5 x: 0 x 1>5 a. t : 0 + b. t : 0 -

24. lim a
4 1 1
11. lim 2>5
12. lim + 7b as
x: 0 x x: 0 x 2>3 t 3>5
a. t : 0 + b. t : 0 -
Find the limits in Exercises 1316.
25. lim a b as
1 2
+
13. lim tan x 14. lim sec x x 2>3 sx - 1d2>3
x: sp>2d -
x: s-p>2d +

a. x : 0 + b. x : 0 -
15. lim- s1 + csc ud 16. lim s2 - cot ud
u :0 u: 0 c. x : 1+ d. x : 1-

26. lim a b as
1 1
-
Additional Calculations x 1>3 sx - 1d4>3
Find the limits in Exercises 1722. a. x : 0 + b. x : 0 -
1 c. x : 1+ d. x : 1-
17. lim as
x2 - 4
a. x : 2+ b. x : 2-
Graphing Rational Functions
Graph the rational functions in Exercises 2738. Include the graphs
c. x : -2+ d. x : -2-
and equations of the asymptotes and dominant terms.
x
18. lim as 1 1
x2 - 1 27. y =
x - 1
28. y =
x + 1
a. x : 1+ b. x : 1-
1 -3
c. x : -1+ d. x : -1- 29. y = 30. y =
2x + 4 x - 3
19. lim a - x b as
x2 1 x + 3 2x
2 31. y = 32. y =
x + 2 x + 1
a. x : 0 + b. x : 0 - x2 x2 + 1
33. y = 34. y =
c. x : 22 3
d. x : -1 x - 1 x - 1
x2 - 1 x2 - 4 x2 - 1
20. lim as 35. y = 36. y =
2x + 4 x - 1 2x + 4
a. x : -2+ b. x : -2- x2 - 1 x3 + 1
37. y = x 38. y =
c. x : 1 +
d. x : 0 -
x2

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4100 AWL/Thomas_ch02p073-146 8/19/04 11:01 AM Page 123

2.5 Infinite Limits and Vertical Asymptotes 123

Inventing Graphs from Values and Limits Modify the definition to cover the following cases.
In Exercises 3942, sketch the graph of a function y = sxd that satisfies a. lim sxd = q
x:x0 -
the given conditions. No formulas are requiredjust label the coordinate
axes and sketch an appropriate graph. (The answers are not unique, so b. lim sxd = - q
x:x0 +
your graphs may not be exactly like those in the answer section.) c. lim - sxd = - q
x:x0
39. s0d = 0, s1d = 2, s -1d = -2, lim sxd = -1, and
x: - q Use the formal definitions from Exercise 51 to prove the limit state-
lim sxd = 1 ments in Exercises 5256.
x: q
40. s0d = 0, lim sxd = 0, lim+ sxd = 2, and 1
x: ; q x: 0 52. lim+ x = q
x:0
lim sxd = -2
x:0 -
1
41. s0d = 0, lim sxd = 0, lim- sxd = lim + sxd = q , 53. lim- x = - q
x: ; q x: 1 x: -1 x:0
lim sxd = - q , and lim - sxd = - q
x:1 + x: -1 1
54. lim- = -q
42. s2d = 1, s -1d = 0, lim sxd = 0, lim+ sxd = q , x:2 x - 2
x: q x: 0
lim- sxd = - q , and lim sxd = 1 1
x: 0 x: - q 55. lim+ = q
x:2 x - 2
Inventing Functions 1
56. lim- = q
In Exercises 4346, find a function that satisfies the given conditions x:1 1 - x2
and sketch its graph. (The answers here are not unique. Any function
that satisfies the conditions is acceptable. Feel free to use formulas de- Graphing Terms
fined in pieces if that will help.)
Each of the functions in Exercises 5760 is given as the sum or differ-
43. lim sxd = 0, lim- sxd = q , and lim+ sxd = q ence of two terms. First graph the terms (with the same set of axes).
x: ; q x: 2 x: 2
44. lim g sxd = 0, lim- g sxd = - q , and lim+ g sxd = q Then, using these graphs as guides, sketch in the graph of the function.
x: ; q x: 3 x: 3
1 p p
45. lim hsxd = -1, lim hsxd = 1, lim- hsxd = -1, and 57. y = sec x + x , - 6 x 6
x: - q x: q x: 0 2 2
lim hsxd = 1 1 p p
x: 0 + 58. y = sec x - , - 6 x 6
46. lim k sxd = 1, lim- k sxd = q , and lim+ k sxd = - q x2 2 2
x: ; q x: 1 x: 1
1 p p
59. y = tan x + , - 6 x 6
The Formal Definition of Infinite Limit x2 2 2
Use formal definitions to prove the limit statements in Exercises 4750. 1 p p
60. y = x - tan x, - 6 x 6
-1 1 2 2
47. lim 2 = - q 48. lim = q
x:0 x x: 0 x

-2 1 Grapher ExplorationsComparing Graphs

49. lim = -q 50. lim = q
x:3 sx - 3d2 x: -5 sx + 5d2 with Formulas
Graph the curves in Exercises 6164. Explain the relation between the
Formal Definitions of Infinite One-Sided Limits curves formula and what you see.
51. Here is the definition of infinite right-hand limit.
x
61. y =
24 - x 2
We say that (x) approaches infinity as x approaches x0 -1
from the right, and write 62. y =
24 - x 2
lim sxd = q , 1
x: x0 + 63. y = x 2>3 + 1>3
x
if, for every positive real number B, there exists a corre-
64. y = sin a b
p
sponding number d 7 0 such that for all x
x2 + 1
x0 6 x 6 x0 + d Q sxd 7 B.

Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley