ME2135 Experim

Experiment parameter Density of water (k

Angle of attack (degree) 0 Density of air (kg/
Inclination of Dynamic viscosity(N
30
Manometer (degree)
Manometer reading for dynamic
pressure
Pitot(h_T) (cm) 12.7
Static(h_) (cm) 14.7
h_T - h_ (cm) -2

U_ (m/s) 12.89
Reynolds number 84016.85

Experiment data
Manometer readings h
Tapping y/c
x/c (cm)
Number
upper lower upper
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 12.6
2 0.025 0.032 -0.032 14.9
3 0.049 0.044 -0.044 15.3
4 0.098 0.058 -0.058 15.5
5 0.197 0.071 -0.071 15.6
6 0.295 0.074 -0.074 15.6
7 0.394 0.071 -0.071 15.5
8 0.492 0.065 -0.065 15.4
9 0.591 0.056 -0.056 15.3
10 0.689 0.045 -0.045 15.2
11 0.787 0.032 -0.032 15.0
12 1.000 0.000 0.000 14.9

Calculation
Normal Force
Tapping Cp = (h-h_)/(h_T-h_)
calculation
Number
upper lower upper lower
1 1.050 1.050 0.012 0.012
2 -0.100 -0.100 -0.005 -0.005
3 -0.300 -0.300 -0.017 -0.017
4 -0.400 -0.400 -0.042 -0.042
5 -0.450 -0.450 -0.044 -0.044
6 -0.450 -0.450 -0.042 -0.042
7 -0.400 -0.400 -0.037 -0.037
8 -0.350 -0.350 -0.032 -0.032
9 -0.300 -0.300 -0.027 -0.027
10 -0.250 -0.250 -0.020 -0.020
11 -0.150 -0.150 -0.009 -0.009
12 0.067346939 0.06734694 nil nil
Total
upper lower
-0.263 -0.263
Normal Force

Lift(C_L)
Drag(C_D)
C_M (at leading edge)
L/D
Center of Pressure
5 Experiment II FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL CH
Density of water (kg/m^3) 1000
Density of air (kg/m^3) 1.18
Dynamic viscosity(Ns/m^2) 1.84E-05

Note:

Data from experiment

To be extrapolated

nometer readings h
(cm)
lower
12.6
14.9
15.3
15.5
15.6
15.6
15.5
15.4
15.3
15.2
15.0
14.9

Calculation
Moment calculation Moment calculation (Axial
Axial Force calculation
(Normal Force ) Force )
upper lower upper lower upper lower
0.015 0.015 0.000 0.000 -5.12E-05 5.12E-05
-0.002 -0.002 0.000 0.000 -9.84E-05 9.84E-05
-0.005 -0.005 -0.001 -0.001 -2.55E-04 2.55E-04
-0.006 -0.006 -0.006 -0.006 -3.58E-04 3.58E-04
-0.001 -0.001 -0.011 -0.011 -9.79E-05 9.79E-05
0.001 0.001 -0.014 -0.014 9.26E-05 -9.26E-05
-0.002 -0.002 -0.016 -0.016 -1.53E-04 1.53E-04
-0.003 -0.003 -0.017 -0.017 -1.78E-04 1.78E-04
-0.003 -0.003 -0.017 -0.017 -1.54E-04 1.54E-04
-0.003 -0.003 -0.014 -0.014 -1.04E-04 1.04E-04
-0.001 -0.001 -0.005 -0.005 -7.68E-05 7.68E-05
 nil nil nil nil nil nil
Total (front - rear) Total Total (front - rear)
upper lower upper lower upper lower
0.014 0.014 -0.1033 -0.1033 0.000 0.000
Axial Force Moment (Normal Force) Moment (Axial Force)

0.02884 0.00000 0.00000

0.0000
0.0288
0.0000
0.0000
#DIV/0!
FOIL CHARACTERISTICS DATA PROCESSING

C_p aga
1.200

1.000

0.800

0.600

0.400

C_p

0.200

0.000
-0.100 -0.080 -0.060 -0.040 -0.020 0.000

-0.200

-0.400

-0.600

y/c

C_p aga
1.200

1.000

front
0.800

0.600

0.400
rear
C_p
0.200

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.6

-0.200
 0.400
C_p
0.200

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.6

-0.200

-0.400

-0.600

x/c

C_p aga
-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000 0.200 0.400 0.6

0.000

0.200
C_p
0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

x/c
PROCESSING TOOL

C_p against y/c

1.200

1.000

0.800

0.600

0.400
C_p u
C_p l
0.200

0.000
-0.040 -0.020 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100

-0.200

-0.400

-0.600

y/c

C_p against x/c

C_p u
C_p l

0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

 C_p u
C_p l

0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

x/c

C_p against x/c

0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

C_p u
C_p l

x/c
 ME2135 Experim
Experiment parameter Density of water (k
Angle of attack (degree) 2 Density of air (kg/
Inclination of Dynamic viscosity(N
30
Manometer (degree)
Manometer reading for dynamic
pressure
Pitot(h_T) (cm) 12.7
Static(h_) (cm) 14.7
h_T - h_ (cm) -2

U_ (m/s) 12.89
Reynolds number 84016.85

Experiment data
Manometer readings h
Tapping y/c
x/c (cm)
Number
upper lower upper
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 12.8
2 0.025 0.032 -0.032 16.9
3 0.049 0.044 -0.044 16.7
4 0.098 0.058 -0.058 16.5
5 0.197 0.071 -0.071 15.9
6 0.295 0.074 -0.074 15.7
7 0.394 0.071 -0.071 15.6
8 0.492 0.065 -0.065 15.5
9 0.591 0.056 -0.056 15.4
10 0.689 0.045 -0.045 15.4
11 0.787 0.032 -0.032 15.1
12 1.000 0.000 0.000 15.0

Calculation
Normal Force
Tapping Cp = (h-h_)/(h_T-h_)
calculation
Number
upper lower upper lower
1 0.950 0.950 -0.002 0.017
2 -1.100 0.400 -0.025 0.006
3 -1.000 0.100 -0.047 0.000
4 -0.900 -0.100 -0.074 -0.017
5 -0.600 -0.250 -0.054 -0.027
6 -0.500 -0.300 -0.047 -0.030
7 -0.450 -0.300 -0.042 -0.027
8 -0.400 -0.250 -0.037 -0.022
9 -0.350 -0.200 -0.033 -0.017
10 -0.325 -0.150 -0.026 -0.012
11 -0.200 -0.100 -0.014 -0.010
12 0.071683673 0.00867347 nil nil
Total
upper lower
-0.400 -0.139
Normal Force

0.2605894133

Lift(C_L)
Drag(C_D)
C_M (at leading edge)
L/D
Center of Pressure
5 Experiment II FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL CH
Density of water (kg/m^3) 1000
Density of air (kg/m^3) 1.18
Dynamic viscosity(Ns/m^2) 1.84E-05

Note:

Data from experiment

To be extrapolated

nometer readings h
(cm)
lower
12.8
13.9
14.5
14.9
15.2
15.3
15.3
15.2
15.1
15.0
14.9
15.0

Calculation
Moment calculation Moment calculation (Axial
Axial Force calculation
(Normal Force ) Force )
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.002 0.022 0.000 0.000 -5.63E-04 -2.05E-04
-0.013 0.003 -0.001 0.000 -4.75E-04 -1.03E-04
-0.013 0.000 -0.003 0.000 -6.73E-04 9.80E-06
-0.010 -0.002 -0.010 -0.003 -6.16E-04 1.53E-04
-0.002 -0.001 -0.013 -0.007 -1.19E-04 5.99E-05
0.001 0.001 -0.016 -0.010 1.03E-04 -6.53E-05
-0.003 -0.002 -0.018 -0.012 -1.74E-04 1.13E-04
-0.003 -0.002 -0.020 -0.012 -2.05E-04 1.24E-04
-0.004 -0.002 -0.021 -0.011 -1.88E-04 9.87E-05
-0.003 -0.002 -0.019 -0.009 -1.37E-04 6.47E-05
-0.002 -0.001 -0.009 -0.007 -1.02E-04 5.12E-05
 nil nil nil nil nil nil
Total (front - rear) Total Total (front - rear)
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.023 0.031 -0.1312 -0.0707 -0.002 0.001
Axial Force Moment (Normal Force) Moment (Axial Force)

0.00791 -0.06046 -0.00214

0.2602
0.0170
-0.0626
15.2997
0.2406
FOIL CHARACTERISTICS DATA PROCESSING
C_p against y/c
1.500

1.000

0.500

C_p 0.000
-0.100 -0.080 -0.060 -0.040 -0.020 0.000 0.020

-0.500

-1.000

-1.500

y/c

C_p against x/c

1.500

front 1.000

0.500

rear
C_p 0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

-0.500
C_p 0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

-0.500

-1.000

-1.500

x/c

C_p against x/c

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

C_p 0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

x/c

C_p u C_p l
PROCESSING TOOL
C_p against y/c
1.500

1.000

0.500

C_p u
0.000 C_p l
020 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100

-0.500

-1.000

-1.500

y/c

C_p against x/c

C_p u
C_p l
0 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200
 C_p u
C_p l
0 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

x/c

C_p against x/c

0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

x/c

C_p u C_p l
 ME2135 Experim
Experiment parameter Density of water (k
Angle of attack (degree) 4 Density of air (kg/
Inclination of Dynamic viscosity(N
30
Manometer (degree)
Manometer reading for dynamic
pressure
Pitot(h_T) (cm) 12.7
Static(h_) (cm) 14.7
h_T - h_ (cm) -2

U_ (m/s) 12.89
Reynolds number 84016.85

Experiment data
Manometer readings h
Tapping y/c
x/c (cm)
Number
upper lower upper
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 13.4
2 0.025 0.032 -0.032 17.7
3 0.049 0.044 -0.044 17.2
4 0.098 0.058 -0.058 16.7
5 0.197 0.071 -0.071 16.3
6 0.295 0.074 -0.074 16.0
7 0.394 0.071 -0.071 15.9
8 0.492 0.065 -0.065 15.8
9 0.591 0.056 -0.056 15.6
10 0.689 0.045 -0.045 15.2
11 0.787 0.032 -0.032 15.0
12 1.000 0.000 0.000 15.0

Calculation
Normal Force
Tapping Cp = (h-h_)/(h_T-h_)
calculation
Number
upper lower upper lower
1 0.650 0.700 -0.011 0.018
2 -1.500 0.700 -0.033 0.013
3 -1.250 0.350 -0.055 0.011
4 -1.000 0.100 -0.089 -0.001
5 -0.800 -0.125 -0.071 -0.013
6 -0.650 -0.150 -0.062 -0.017
7 -0.600 -0.200 -0.056 -0.020
8 -0.550 -0.200 -0.050 -0.020
9 -0.450 -0.200 -0.033 -0.017
10 -0.225 -0.150 -0.018 -0.012
11 -0.150 -0.100 -0.015 -0.010
12 0.013010204 0.00867347 nil nil
Total
upper lower
-0.493 -0.069
Normal Force

0.4232256378

Lift(C_L)
Drag(C_D)
C_M (at leading edge)
L/D
Center of Pressure
5 Experiment II FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL CH
Density of water (kg/m^3) 1000
Density of air (kg/m^3) 1.18
Dynamic viscosity(Ns/m^2) 1.84E-05

Note:

Data from experiment

To be extrapolated

nometer readings h
(cm)
lower
13.3
13.3
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.0
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.0
14.9
15.0

Calculation
Moment calculation Moment calculation (Axial
Axial Force calculation
(Normal Force ) Force )
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.014 0.022 0.000 0.000 -7.68E-04 -3.58E-04
-0.017 0.006 -0.001 0.000 -6.18E-04 -2.27E-04
-0.016 0.003 -0.004 0.001 -7.91E-04 -1.48E-04
-0.012 0.000 -0.013 -0.001 -7.46E-04 2.00E-05
-0.002 0.000 -0.017 -0.003 -1.57E-04 3.00E-05
0.002 0.001 -0.021 -0.006 1.36E-04 -3.80E-05
-0.003 -0.001 -0.025 -0.009 -2.35E-04 8.16E-05
-0.005 -0.002 -0.027 -0.011 -2.74E-04 1.09E-04
-0.004 -0.002 -0.021 -0.011 -1.94E-04 9.87E-05
-0.002 -0.002 -0.013 -0.009 -9.70E-05 6.47E-05
-0.002 -0.001 -0.011 -0.007 -7.68E-05 5.12E-05
 nil nil nil nil nil nil
Total (front - rear) Total Total (front - rear)
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.042 0.040 -0.1531 -0.0555 -0.002 0.001
Axial Force Moment (Normal Force) Moment (Axial Force)

-0.00175 -0.09757 -0.00319

0.4223
0.0278
-0.1008
15.2022
0.2386
FOIL CHARACTERISTICS DATA PROCESSING
C_p against y/c
1.000

0.500

0.000
-0.100 -0.080 -0.060 -0.040 -0.020 0.000 0.020

C_p -0.500

-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

y/c

C_p against x/c

1.000

front 0.500

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

rear
C_p -0.500

-1.000
C_p -0.500

-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

x/c

C_p against x/c

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000

C_p -0.500

0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

0.000

0.500

1.000

x/c
PROCESSING TOOL
C_p against y/c
1.000

0.500

0.000
020 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100

C_p u
-0.500 C_p l

-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

y/c

C_p against x/c

0 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

C_p u
C_p l
 C_p u
C_p l

x/c

C_p against x/c

C_p u
C_p l

00 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

x/c
 ME2135 Experim
Experiment parameter Density of water (k
Angle of attack (degree) 6 Density of air (kg/
Inclination of Dynamic viscosity(N
30
Manometer (degree)
Manometer reading for dynamic
pressure
Pitot(h_T) (cm) 12.7
Static(h_) (cm) 14.7
h_T - h_ (cm) -2

U_ (m/s) 12.89
Reynolds number 84016.85

Experiment data
Manometer readings h
Tapping y/c
x/c (cm)
Number
upper lower upper
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 14.6
2 0.025 0.032 -0.032 19.2
3 0.049 0.044 -0.044 18.8
4 0.098 0.058 -0.058 17.5
5 0.197 0.071 -0.071 16.8
6 0.295 0.074 -0.074 16.4
7 0.394 0.071 -0.071 16.0
8 0.492 0.065 -0.065 15.6
9 0.591 0.056 -0.056 15.4
10 0.689 0.045 -0.045 15.1
11 0.787 0.032 -0.032 15.0
12 1.000 0.000 0.000 15.0

Calculation
Normal Force
Tapping Cp = (h-h_)/(h_T-h_)
calculation
Number
upper lower upper lower
1 0.050 0.200 -0.028 0.015
2 -2.250 1.000 -0.052 0.019
3 -2.050 0.600 -0.085 0.022
4 -1.400 0.300 -0.121 0.017
5 -1.050 0.050 -0.093 -0.022
6 -0.850 -0.500 -0.074 -0.030
7 -0.650 -0.100 -0.054 -0.012
8 -0.450 -0.150 -0.040 -0.015
9 -0.350 -0.150 -0.027 -0.012
10 -0.200 -0.100 -0.017 -0.007
11 -0.150 -0.050 -0.020 0.001
12 -0.041326531 0.05867347 nil nil
Total
upper lower
-0.610 -0.024
Normal Force

0.586275

Lift(C_L)
Drag(C_D)
C_M (at leading edge)
L/D
Center of Pressure
5 Experiment II FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL CH
Density of water (kg/m^3) 1000
Density of air (kg/m^3) 1.18
Dynamic viscosity(Ns/m^2) 1.84E-05

Note:

Data from experiment

To be extrapolated

nometer readings h
(cm)
lower
14.3
12.7
13.5
14.1
14.6
15.7
14.9
15.0
15.0
14.9
14.8
15.0

Calculation
Moment calculation Moment calculation (Axial
Axial Force calculation
(Normal Force ) Force )
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.035 0.019 -0.001 0.000 -1.15E-03 -5.12E-04
-0.026 0.010 -0.002 0.001 -9.73E-04 -3.50E-04
-0.024 0.006 -0.006 0.001 -1.20E-03 -3.07E-04
-0.016 0.002 -0.017 0.002 -1.01E-03 -1.36E-04
-0.003 -0.001 -0.022 -0.007 -2.06E-04 5.02E-05
0.002 0.001 -0.025 -0.009 1.64E-04 -6.62E-05
-0.003 -0.001 -0.023 -0.006 -2.26E-04 5.06E-05
-0.004 -0.001 -0.021 -0.008 -2.20E-04 8.17E-05
-0.003 -0.001 -0.017 -0.008 -1.57E-04 7.10E-05
-0.002 -0.001 -0.013 -0.005 -8.97E-05 3.97E-05
-0.003 0.000 -0.017 0.002 -7.68E-05 2.56E-05
 nil nil nil nil nil nil
Total (front - rear) Total Total (front - rear)
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.086 0.042 -0.1639 -0.0362 -0.004 0.002
Axial Force Moment (Normal Force) Moment (Axial Force)

-0.04450 -0.12774 -0.00520

0.5877
0.0170
-0.1329
34.5234
0.2262
FOIL CHARACTERISTICS DATA PROCESSING
C_p against y/c
1.500

1.000

0.500

0.000
-0.100 -0.080 -0.060 -0.040 -0.020 0.000 0.020

C_p -0.500

-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

y/c

C_p against x/c

1.500

1.000
front

0.500

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600
rear
C_p -0.500

-1.000
 0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

C_p -0.500

-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

x/c

C_p against x/c

-2.500

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000

C_p -0.500

0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

x/c
PROCESSING TOOL
C_p against y/c
1.500

1.000

0.500

0.000
020 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100

C_p u
-0.500 C_p l

-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

y/c

C_p against x/c

0 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

C_p u
C_p l
0 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200
C_p u
C_p l

x/c

C_p against x/c

C_p u
C_p l

00 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

x/c
 ME2135 Experim
Experiment parameter Density of water (k
Angle of attack (degree) 8 Density of air (kg/
Inclination of Dynamic viscosity(N
30
Manometer (degree)
Manometer reading for dynamic
pressure
Pitot(h_T) (cm) 12.7
Static(h_) (cm) 14.7
h_T - h_ (cm) -2

U_ (m/s) 12.89
Reynolds number 84016.85

Experiment data
Manometer readings h
Tapping y/c
x/c (cm)
Number
upper lower upper
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 15.0
2 0.025 0.032 -0.032 19.5
3 0.049 0.044 -0.044 19.3
4 0.098 0.058 -0.058 18.6
5 0.197 0.071 -0.071 16.8
6 0.295 0.074 -0.074 16.3
7 0.394 0.071 -0.071 16.0
8 0.492 0.065 -0.065 15.6
9 0.591 0.056 -0.056 15.4
10 0.689 0.045 -0.045 15.0
11 0.787 0.032 -0.032 15.0
12 1.000 0.000 0.000 15.0

Calculation
Normal Force
Tapping Cp = (h-h_)/(h_T-h_)
calculation
Number
upper lower upper lower
1 -0.150 -0.150 -0.032 0.010
2 -2.400 0.950 -0.056 0.019
3 -2.300 0.650 -0.104 0.026
4 -1.950 0.400 -0.149 0.025
5 -1.050 0.100 -0.091 0.005
6 -0.800 0.000 -0.072 -0.005
7 -0.650 -0.100 -0.054 -0.010
8 -0.450 -0.100 -0.040 -0.010
9 -0.350 -0.100 -0.025 -0.010
10 -0.150 -0.100 -0.015 -0.007
11 -0.150 -0.050 -0.032 0.001
12 -0.15 0.05867347 nil nil
Total
upper lower
-0.668 0.044
Normal Force

0.7116737245

Lift(C_L)
Drag(C_D)
C_M (at leading edge)
L/D
Center of Pressure
5 Experiment II FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL CH
Density of water (kg/m^3) 1000
Density of air (kg/m^3) 1.18
Dynamic viscosity(Ns/m^2) 1.84E-05

Note:

Data from experiment

To be extrapolated

nometer readings h
(cm)
lower
15.0
12.8
13.4
13.9
14.5
14.7
14.9
14.9
14.9
14.9
14.8
15.0

Calculation
Moment calculation Moment calculation (Axial
Axial Force calculation
(Normal Force ) Force )
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.041 0.013 -0.001 0.000 -1.23E-03 -4.86E-04
-0.028 0.010 -0.002 0.001 -1.07E-03 -3.54E-04
-0.030 0.007 -0.007 0.002 -1.50E-03 -3.63E-04
-0.020 0.003 -0.020 0.003 -1.22E-03 -1.97E-04
-0.003 0.000 -0.022 0.001 -2.01E-04 -1.07E-05
0.002 0.000 -0.024 -0.002 1.58E-04 -1.07E-05
-0.003 -0.001 -0.023 -0.004 -2.26E-04 4.08E-05
-0.004 -0.001 -0.021 -0.005 -2.20E-04 5.45E-05
-0.003 -0.001 -0.015 -0.006 -1.45E-04 5.56E-05
-0.002 -0.001 -0.011 -0.005 -7.51E-05 3.97E-05
-0.005 0.000 -0.029 0.002 -7.68E-05 2.56E-05
 nil nil nil nil nil nil
Total (front - rear) Total Total (front - rear)
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.102 0.037 -0.1752 -0.0146 -0.004 0.002
Axial Force Moment (Normal Force) Moment (Axial Force)

-0.06571 -0.16063 -0.00595

0.7139
0.0340
-0.1666
21.0144
0.2333
FOIL CHARACTERISTICS DATA PROCESSING
C_p against y/c
1.500

1.000

0.500

0.000
-0.100 -0.080 -0.060 -0.040 -0.020 0.000 0.020

-0.500

C_p

-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

-3.000

y/c

C_p against x/c

1.500

1.000
front
0.500

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

rear -0.500
C_p
-1.000

-1.500
 -0.500
C_p
-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

-3.000

x/c

C_p against x/c

-3.000

-2.500

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000
C_p
-0.500

0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

x/c
PROCESSING TOOL
C_p against y/c
1.500

1.000

0.500

0.000
020 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100

-0.500
C_p u
C_p l
-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

-3.000

y/c

C_p against x/c

0 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

C_p u
C_p l
 C_p u
C_p l

x/c

C_p against x/c

C_p u
C_p l

00 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

x/c
 ME2135 Experim
Experiment parameter Density of water (k
Angle of attack (degree) 10 Density of air (kg/
Inclination of Dynamic viscosity(N
30
Manometer (degree)
Manometer reading for dynamic
pressure
Pitot(h_T) (cm) 12.7
Static(h_) (cm) 14.7
h_T - h_ (cm) -2

U_ (m/s) 12.89
Reynolds number 84016.85

Experiment data
Manometer readings h
Tapping y/c
x/c (cm)
Number
upper lower upper
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 15.6
2 0.025 0.032 -0.032 19.7
3 0.049 0.044 -0.044 19.6
4 0.098 0.058 -0.058 19.6
5 0.197 0.071 -0.071 16.8
6 0.295 0.074 -0.074 16.3
7 0.394 0.071 -0.071 16.0
8 0.492 0.065 -0.065 15.6
9 0.591 0.056 -0.056 15.3
10 0.689 0.045 -0.045 15.0
11 0.787 0.032 -0.032 15.0
12 1.000 0.000 0.000 15.0

Calculation
Normal Force
Tapping Cp = (h-h_)/(h_T-h_)
calculation
Number
upper lower upper lower
1 -0.450 -0.700 -0.037 0.004
2 -2.500 1.000 -0.059 0.022
3 -2.450 0.850 -0.120 0.036
4 -2.450 0.600 -0.173 0.042
5 -1.050 0.250 -0.091 0.020
6 -0.800 0.150 -0.072 0.007
7 -0.650 0.000 -0.054 0.000
8 -0.450 0.000 -0.037 -0.002
9 -0.300 -0.050 -0.022 -0.005
10 -0.150 -0.050 -0.015 -0.005
11 -0.150 -0.050 -0.032 -0.011
12 -0.15 -0.05 nil nil
Total
upper lower
-0.712 0.108
Normal Force

0.819375

Lift(C_L)
Drag(C_D)
C_M (at leading edge)
L/D
Center of Pressure
5 Experiment II FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL CH
Density of water (kg/m^3) 1000
Density of air (kg/m^3) 1.18
Dynamic viscosity(Ns/m^2) 1.84E-05

Note:

Data from experiment

To be extrapolated

nometer readings h
(cm)
lower
16.1
12.7
13.0
13.5
14.2
14.4
14.7
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.8
15.0

Calculation
Moment calculation Moment calculation (Axial
Axial Force calculation
(Normal Force ) Force )
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.047 0.005 -0.001 0.000 -1.28E-03 -5.12E-04
-0.030 0.011 -0.002 0.001 -1.13E-03 -4.16E-04
-0.034 0.010 -0.009 0.002 -1.75E-03 -5.05E-04
-0.023 0.006 -0.022 0.005 -1.41E-03 -3.42E-04
-0.003 0.001 -0.022 0.005 -2.01E-04 -4.33E-05
0.002 0.000 -0.024 0.002 1.58E-04 1.67E-05
-0.003 0.000 -0.023 0.000 -2.26E-04 0.00E+00
-0.003 0.000 -0.020 -0.001 -2.07E-04 1.26E-05
-0.002 -0.001 -0.014 -0.003 -1.30E-04 2.78E-05
-0.002 -0.001 -0.011 -0.004 -7.51E-05 2.50E-05
-0.005 -0.002 -0.029 -0.010 -7.68E-05 2.56E-05
 nil nil nil nil nil nil
Total (front - rear) Total Total (front - rear)
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.119 0.035 -0.1763 -0.0020 -0.005 0.002
Axial Force Moment (Normal Force) Moment (Axial Force)

-0.08368 -0.17422 -0.00679

0.8215
0.0599
-0.1810
13.7186
0.2203
FOIL CHARACTERISTICS DATA PROCESSING
C_p against y/c
1.500

1.000

0.500

0.000
-0.100 -0.080 -0.060 -0.040 -0.020 0.000 0.020

-0.500

C_p

-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

-3.000

y/c

C_p against x/c

1.500

1.000
front
0.500

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

rear -0.500
C_p
-1.000

-1.500
 -0.500
C_p
-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

-3.000

x/c

C_p against x/c

-3.000

-2.500

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000
C_p
-0.500

0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

x/c
PROCESSING TOOL
C_p against y/c
1.500

1.000

0.500

0.000
020 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100

-0.500
C_p u
C_p l
-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

-3.000

y/c

C_p against x/c

0 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

C_p u
C_p l
 C_p u
C_p l

x/c

C_p against x/c

C_p u
C_p l

00 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

x/c
 ME2135 Experime
Experiment parameter Density of water (kg/m
Angle of attack (degree) 12 Density of air (kg/m^
Inclination of Dynamic viscosity(Ns/m
30
Manometer (degree)
Manometer reading for dynamic
pressure
Pitot(h_T) (cm) 12.7
Static(h_) (cm) 14.7
h_T - h_ (cm) -2

U_ (m/s) 12.89
Reynolds number 84016.85

Experiment data
Manometer readings h
Tapping y/c
x/c (cm)
Number
upper lower upper
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 14.3
2 0.025 0.032 -0.032 16.6
3 0.049 0.044 -0.044 16.2
4 0.098 0.058 -0.058 15.9
5 0.197 0.071 -0.071 15.9
6 0.295 0.074 -0.074 15.8
7 0.394 0.071 -0.071 15.9
8 0.492 0.065 -0.065 16.0
9 0.591 0.056 -0.056 16.0
10 0.689 0.045 -0.045 16.0
11 0.787 0.032 -0.032 15.9
12 1.000 0.000 0.000 15.0

Calculation
Normal Force
Tapping Cp = (h-h_)/(h_T-h_)
calculation
Number
upper lower upper lower
1 0.200 0.500 -0.009 0.019
2 -0.950 1.000 -0.020 0.020
3 -0.750 0.650 -0.033 0.025
4 -0.600 0.350 -0.059 0.017
5 -0.600 0.000 -0.056 -0.002
6 -0.550 -0.050 -0.057 -0.012
7 -0.600 -0.200 -0.061 -0.022
 8 -0.650 -0.250 -0.064 -0.025
9 -0.650 -0.250 -0.064 -0.022
10 -0.650 -0.200 -0.061 -0.025
11 -0.600 -0.300 -0.116 -0.087
12 -0.491326531 -0.51734694 nil nil
Total
upper lower
-0.602 -0.115
Normal Force

0.4874538265

Lift(C_L)
Drag(C_D)
C_M (at leading edge)
L/D
Center of Pressure
5 Experiment II FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL CHA
Density of water (kg/m^3) 1000
Density of air (kg/m^3) 1.18
Dynamic viscosity(Ns/m^2) 1.84E-05

Note:

Data from experiment

To be extrapolated

nometer readings h
(cm)
lower
13.7
12.7
13.4
14.0
14.7
14.8
15.1
15.2
15.2
15.1
15.3
15.0

Calculation
Moment calculation Moment calculation (Axial
Axial Force calculation
(Normal Force ) Force )
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.012 0.024 0.000 0.000 -4.86E-04 -5.12E-04
-0.010 0.010 -0.001 0.001 -3.80E-04 -3.64E-04
-0.009 0.007 -0.002 0.002 -4.75E-04 -3.42E-04
-0.008 0.002 -0.009 0.002 -5.03E-04 -1.32E-04
-0.002 0.000 -0.014 -0.001 -1.25E-04 5.55E-06
0.002 0.000 -0.020 -0.005 1.25E-04 -2.69E-05
-0.004 -0.001 -0.027 -0.010 -2.55E-04 9.14E-05
-0.006 -0.002 -0.035 -0.013 -3.54E-04 1.36E-04
-0.007 -0.002 -0.041 -0.014 -3.61E-04 1.27E-04
-0.008 -0.003 -0.045 -0.018 -3.15E-04 1.21E-04
-0.017 -0.013 -0.103 -0.080 -3.07E-04 1.54E-04
nil nil nil nil nil nil
Total (front - rear) Total Total (front - rear)
upper lower upper lower upper lower
0.003 0.066 -0.2962 -0.1369 0.000 0.002
Axial Force Moment (Normal Force) Moment (Axial Force)

0.06876 -0.15928 -0.00225

0.4625
0.1686
-0.1615
2.7431
0.3493
FOIL CHARACTERISTICS DATA PROCESSING T
C_p against y/c
1.500

1.000

0.500

0.000
-0.100 -0.080 -0.060 -0.040 -0.020 0.000 0.020 0.0

-0.500

C_p

-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

-3.000

y/c

C_p against x/c

1.500

1.000
front
0.500

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.80

rear -0.500
C_p
-1.000
 0.500

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.80

rear -0.500
C_p
-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

-3.000

x/c

C_p against x/c

-3.000

-2.500

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000
C_p
-0.500

0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.80

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

x/c
CESSING TOOL
against y/c

0 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100

C_p u
C_p l

against x/c

0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

C_p u
C_p l
 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

C_p u
C_p l

x/c

against x/c

C_p u
C_p l

0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

x/c
 ME2135 Experime
Experiment parameter Density of water (kg/m
Angle of attack (degree) 14 Density of air (kg/m^
Inclination of Dynamic viscosity(Ns/m
30
Manometer (degree)
Manometer reading for dynamic
pressure
Pitot(h_T) (cm) 12.7 12.7
Static(h_) (cm) 14.7 14.6
h_T - h_ (cm) -2

U_ (m/s) 12.89
Reynolds number 84016.85

Experiment data
Manometer readings h
Tapping y/c
x/c (cm)
Number
upper lower upper
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 14.1
2 0.025 0.032 -0.032 15.9
3 0.049 0.044 -0.044 15.8
4 0.098 0.058 -0.058 15.7
5 0.197 0.071 -0.071 15.8
6 0.295 0.074 -0.074 15.7
7 0.394 0.071 -0.071 15.7
8 0.492 0.065 -0.065 15.8
9 0.591 0.056 -0.056 15.8
10 0.689 0.045 -0.045 15.8
11 0.787 0.032 -0.032 15.7
12 1.000 0.000 0.000 15.0

Calculation
Normal Force
Tapping Cp = (h-h_)/(h_T-h_)
calculation
Number
upper lower upper lower
1 0.300 0.350 -0.004 0.016
2 -0.600 0.950 -0.014 0.020
3 -0.550 0.700 -0.026 0.028
4 -0.500 0.450 -0.052 0.027
5 -0.550 0.100 -0.051 0.005
6 -0.500 0.000 -0.050 -0.007
7 -0.500 -0.150 -0.051 -0.017
 8 -0.550 -0.200 -0.054 -0.020
9 -0.550 -0.200 -0.054 -0.020
10 -0.550 -0.200 -0.051 -0.020
11 -0.500 -0.200 -0.095 -0.043
12 -0.391326531 -0.2 nil nil
Total
upper lower
-0.502 -0.030
Normal Force

0.4725512755

Lift(C_L)
Drag(C_D)
C_M (at leading edge)
L/D
Center of Pressure
5 Experiment II FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL CHA
Density of water (kg/m^3) 1000
Density of air (kg/m^3) 1.18
Dynamic viscosity(Ns/m^2) 1.84E-05

Note:

Data from experiment

To be extrapolated

nometer readings h
(cm)
lower
14.0
12.8
13.3
13.8
14.5
14.7
15.0
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.0

Calculation
Moment calculation Moment calculation (Axial
Axial Force calculation
(Normal Force ) Force )
upper lower upper lower upper lower
-0.005 0.021 0.000 0.000 -3.07E-04 -4.86E-04
-0.007 0.010 -0.001 0.001 -2.60E-04 -3.67E-04
-0.007 0.008 -0.002 0.002 -3.72E-04 -3.98E-04
-0.007 0.004 -0.008 0.003 -4.42E-04 -2.16E-04
-0.002 0.000 -0.013 0.001 -1.14E-04 -1.07E-05
0.002 0.000 -0.017 -0.003 1.09E-04 -1.60E-05
-0.003 -0.001 -0.023 -0.008 -2.14E-04 7.10E-05
-0.005 -0.002 -0.029 -0.011 -2.99E-04 1.09E-04
-0.006 -0.002 -0.034 -0.013 -3.06E-04 1.11E-04
-0.007 -0.003 -0.038 -0.014 -2.65E-04 1.00E-04
-0.014 -0.006 -0.084 -0.038 -2.56E-04 1.02E-04
nil nil nil nil nil nil
Total (front - rear) Total Total (front - rear)
upper lower upper lower upper lower
0.009 0.057 -0.2483 -0.0794 0.000 0.002
Axial Force Moment (Normal Force) Moment (Axial Force)

0.06604 -0.16886 -0.00204

0.4425
0.1784
-0.1709
2.4807
0.3862
FOIL CHARACTERISTICS DATA PROCESSING T
C_p against y/c
1.500

1.000

0.500

0.000
-0.100 -0.080 -0.060 -0.040 -0.020 0.000 0.020 0.0

-0.500

C_p

-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

-3.000

y/c

C_p against x/c

1.500

1.000
front
0.500

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.80

rear -0.500
C_p
-1.000
 0.500

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.80

rear -0.500
C_p
-1.000

-1.500

-2.000

-2.500

-3.000

x/c

C_p against x/c

-3.000

-2.500

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000
C_p
-0.500

0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.80

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

x/c
CESSING TOOL
against y/c

0 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100

C_p u
C_p l

against x/c

0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

C_p u
C_p l
 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

C_p u
C_p l

x/c

against x/c

C_p u
C_p l

0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200

x/c
 ME2135 Experiment
Airfoil c
angle of attack (degree) C_L C_L estimation
0 0 0
2 0.2601544646 0.2193245422
4 0.4223165417 0.4386490845
6 0.5877151075 0.6579736267
8 0.7138933546 0.877298169
10 0.8214568639 1.0966227112
12 0.4625049981 1.3159472535
14 0.4425388745 1.5352717957

C_L and C_D against angle

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

C_L
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 2 4 6 8

angle of attack (degree)

C_D against C_L

0.04

0.035

0.03
 C_D against C_L
0.04

0.035

0.03

0.025

C_D 0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

C_L

Position of center of pressure against

1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5 of pressure
Position of center

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1
0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

angle of attack (degree)

5 Experiment II FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL CH
Airfoil characteristics
C_D C_M_LE C_M/C_L L/D COP AC
0.028844898 0 0 0.25
0.0170039039 -0.0625959 0.24061057 15.2996904 0.24061057 0.25
0.0277800448 -0.1007668 0.23860479 15.2021548 0.23860479 0.25
0.0170236634 -0.1329397 0.22619744 34.5234215 0.22619744 0.25
0.0339715855 -0.1665827 0.23334399 21.0144255 0.23334399 0.25
0.0598791868 -0.1810072 0.22034894 13.7185708 0.22034894 0.25
0.1686084713 -0.1615327 0.34925601 2.74307094 0.34925601 0.25
0.1783951667 -0.170894 0.38616715 2.48066628 0.38616715 0.25

and C_D against angle of attack

0.4

0.35

0.3

C_L
0.25 Linear (C_L)
Theoretical
6 8 10 12
0.2 C_D Polynomial (6 8 10 12)
C_D
Logarithmic (C_D)
0.15
C_D curve fitting

0.1

0.05

0
4 6 8 10 12

angle of attack (degree)

C_M
0.05
_D against C_L

0
0 R =10.98999
2
 0.05
_D against C_L

0
0 R =10.98999
2

-0.05
Drag polar
Polynomial (Drag polar)

C_M

-0.1

-0.15
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

C_L

r of pressure against angle of attack -0.2

angle

Aerodynam
Aerodynamic Center vs

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

position of center of pressure

0.1
Linear (position of center of
pressure) 0.05
theoretical
0
0 2 4
 4 5 6 7 8

ttack (degree)
 AIRFOIL CHARACTERISTICS DATA PROCESS
C_M1/4 C_M1/4 estimation
0 0.254
0.0024467868 0 0.254
0.0048227445 0 0.254
0.0139548486 0 0.254
0.011853644 0 0.254
0.0242953365 0 0.254
-0.048382723 0 0.254
-0.06434596 0 0.254

L/D against angle of attack

40

35

30

R = 0.9442991459
C_L) 25
cal
12
mial (6 8 10 12) L/D 20

mic (C_D)
ve fitting 15

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
angle of attack (degree)

C_M against angle of attack

0.05

0
0 R =10.9899908168
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 0.05

0
0 R =10.9899908168
2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-0.05
C_M_LE
Linear (C_M_LE)
Estimation C_M1/4
C_M
C_M1/4
Linear (C_M1/4)

-0.1

-0.15

-0.2

angle of attack (degree)

Aerodynamic Center vs Angle of Attack

Aerodynamic Center vs Angle of Attack Linear (Aerodynamic Center vs Angle of Attack)

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
A PROCESSING TOOL

e of attack

C_M1/4
Polynomial (C_M1/4)

8 10 12
e)
C_M_LE)
on C_M1/4

C_M1/4)

tack)

16