INTRODUCTION :

AS GIVEN IN NAME THIS IS TO EXCHANGE HEAT FROM ONE MEDIUM TO ANOTHER MEDIUM
BASED ON APPLICATION AND REQUIREMENT HES ARE DESIGNED INDIFFERENT CONFIGURATION.

Type of HEs :

Counter-flow Heat Exchanger

Parallel-flow Heat Exchanger

CLASIFICATION ON HEAT TRANSFER BASIS

DIRECT TRANSFER
1. TUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGERS
 CONCENTRIC AND DOUBLE PIPE HES
SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
2. PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS
3. EXTENDED SURFACE HES
STORAGE
DIRECT CONTAT

SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS ARE MOST COMMONLY USED HES IN
PROCESS INDUSTRY
Fixed tube sheet type
Mostly used for moderate services
Low thermal stresses
Limitations: Shell side cleaning and repair not possible
U- tube type
For high pressure and high temperature services
Tube bundle is removable for cleaning
Limitations: inner tubes cannot be replaced with out removing outer tubes

Floating Head type

Widely used in petroleum industry
Clearance between shell and outer tube limit is larger

TUBE SHEET :
CRITICAL DIMENSIONS:
THICKNESS
HOLES PITCH
HOLE FINISH :
SMOOTH FINISH
TO AVOIDS DAMAGE ON PIPE OD
ALLOWS EASY INSERTION OF PIPE
BUT, LOW MECHANICAL STREANGTH BETWEEN TUBE AND TUBE
SHEET
GIVES GOOD TIGHTNESS
ROUGH FINISH

GIVES MORE MECHANICAL STREANGTH BETWEEN TUBE AND TUBE SHEET

BUT TUBE OD MAY GET LONGITUDINAL SCRATCHES WHICH MAY LEAD TO
LEAK PATH..
IN GENERAL: LIGHT WALL TUBES NEED MORE SMOOTH FINISH COMPARED
TO HEAVY THICK TUBES.

TUBE SHEET PITCHES : INFLUENCE ON

Lower the pitch More tubes can be accommodate-More Heat Transfer area.
For Small pressure drop large pitch required.

TYPES OF PITCHES:
Triangle
Square
Triangular rotate
Square rotate

CRITICAL: Uniformity in pitch is important, Since it will have impact on

Functionally and also avoids trouble further fabrication activities like tube insertion,
tube to tube sheet expansion and welding.
BAFFLE PLATES:
FUNCTION: 1) DIRECT FLUID FLOW
2) SUPPORT TUBES TO REDUCE FLOW INDUCED VIBRATIONS.
 TYPES: 1) HORIZONTAL CUT PATTERN
2) VERCAL CUT PATTERN
3) Up & Down Flow pattern etc.,

CRITICAL ASPECTS TO CHECK:

1) PATTERN
2) PITCH
3)STRAIGHTNESS
4)DEBURRING
5)CLEARANCE BETWEEN SHELL ID AND BAFFLE OD.
6)TUBE TO HOLE CLEARANCE.
7)SPACING BETWEEN BAFFLES

IMPINGEMENT BAFFLE: THESE BAFFLE LOCATED AT INLET TO AVOID

1) SUSPENDED FLOW PARTICLES
2) TO REDUCE IMPACT OF FLOW FORCE ON TUBES
SEALING STRIPS:

TIE RODS & SPACERS: