REF 544 (DPU2000R)

The model is based on literature obtained of the DPU2000R relay as nothing was found
on the REF544 relay.

The following functionalities are not modelled:

1. Two phase tripping for any of the 50P units.

2. The directional earth fault element has negative sequence voltage as polarising
quantity.
3. The directional power phase and neutral elements are available to provide inputs to
other elements. The outputs of these elements are however not connected to other
elements so that the user can make these modifications if required.
4. The frequency measurement unit is only available for the RMS transient simulation. It
is presumed that this unit will simply be dysfunctional during steady state analysis.
5. The voltage block element 81V was not modelled.
6. The undervoltage element can also provide an output if all three phases or two phases
have undervoltage conditions. This was not modelled, though the modification could be
made in the relay logic.
7. The outputs from the frequency load shedding and restoration elements were not
included in the logic block tripping equation. These signals are however connected to be
used for logic if so required.
8. The recloser functionality was not modelled.
9. The synch check functionality was not modelled.
10. The cold load inrush function is not modelled.
11. The distance relaying functionality has been modelled as a separate relay model.
12. The distance functionality appears to be only for phase to phase faults and has been
modelled as such. No earth fault distance elements are therefore modelled. The distance
elements are also not equipped with starters, but with positive sequence supervision only.

Feb 2004: model update

1. Reclosing feature added