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Dave Britton - Acceler1 PDF
Dave Britton - Acceler1 PDF
Contents summary
Definition of Acceleration
Technologies
Terminology
Effect of Tilt
Typical applications
Summary
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Acceleration Fundamentals
What is Acceleration?
v 2 x
Definition: the time rate of a= = 2
change of velocity t t
A.K.A.: the time rate of change
of the time rate of change of
distance
What are the units?
Acceleration is measured in (ft/s)/s or (m/s)/s
What is a g?
A g is a unit of acceleration equal to Earths gravity at sea level
32.2 ft/s2 or 9.81 m/s2
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More Notes on Acceleration
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How to find velocity from distance traveled
1.200
V(t=1.160) = 0 m/s
1.000
Distance Traveled (meters)
0.800
0.600
0.400
V(t=0.640) = 1 m/s
0.200
0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400
Time (seconds) 4
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How to find acceleration from velocity
3.000
a(t=0.960) = 0 m/s2
2.000
a(t=1.040) = -10 m/s 2
1.000
Velocity (meters/second)
0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400
-1.000
-2.000
V(t=0.640) = 1 m/s
-3.000
-4.000
V(t=1.160) = 0 m/s
-5.000
-6.000
-7.000
Time (seconds) 5
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Acceleration vs. Time
10.000
5.000
0.000
Acceleration (meters/sec^2)
-10.000
a(t=0.960) = 0 m/s2
-15.000
-20.000
a(t=1.040) = -10 m/s2
-25.000
-30.000
-35.000
-40.000
-45.000
Time (seconds) 6
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Acceleration in Human Terms
Description g level
Earths gravity 1g
Passenger car in corner 2g
Bumps in road 2g
Indy car driver in corner 3g
Bobsled rider in corner 5g
Human unconsciousness 7g
Space shuttle 10g
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Whats the point?
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Common Types of Accelerometers
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What Type of Acceleration Sensor
Does TI Produce and why?
CAS
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Acceleration Sensor Terminology
(TI Convention)
+1g: Output of the sensor with the base connector
pointed up
Linearity = Vout , 0 g
1
(Vout ,+1g + Vout ,1g )
2
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Acceleration Sensor Terminology
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Example: Sensitivity & Linearity
Vout Vout , +1g Vout , 1g 1.1V 2.5V 1.1V 2.5V Volts
Sensitivity = = = = = 0.7
g 2g 2g 2g g
Linearity = Vout , 0 g (Vout , +1g + Vout , 1g ) = 2.1 (1.1 + 2.5) = 0.3Volts
1 1
2 2
2.800
2.600
CAS output, Vout, (V)
2.400
2.200
2.000 Theoretical
1.800 Actual
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
-1g 0g +1g
g Position 13
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Acceleration Sensor Terminology
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Important Setup Requirements
for your CAS Device
Rigid Mounting
Bees Wax
Double Sided tape
Bolt(s)
No Loose Wires
Loose wires can create false signals
Secure wires firmly to mounting body
Weight of Sensor
Should be approximately an order of magnitude less than object
being measured
Example: CAS = 47g; accelerating object should be more than 470g
Dont drop the sensor!
Extreme jarring accelerations can cause permanent errors in device
output
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Effect of Tilt
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Why is device sensitive to
tilt in the 0g orientation?
Gx
Gn=G*Cos()
Gx G
G g level going from
Gn
1g to some % of 1g
Gn
Gn = G*Sin()
g level going
+1g Position from 0g to some 0g Orientation
(-1g Position uses same equation) value = 1
Gn = 1.7x10-2*G
= 1
Gn = 0.9998*G
500mV/g Device
Degrees
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Typical Accelerometer Applications
Tilt / Roll
Vibration / Rough-road detection
Can be used to isolate vibration of mechanical system from outside
sources
Vehicle skid detection
Often used with systems that deploy smart braking to regain control of
vehicle
Impact detection
To determine the severity of impact, or to log when an impact has
occurred
Input / feedback for active suspension control systems
Keeps vehicle level
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Summary
Acceleration is a measure of how fast the speed of
something is changing
It is used as an input to control systems
Sensor voltage output should be determined as a
percentage of voltage input for consistency
The device is sensitive to tilt in the 0g position
1o tilt in 0g = 10o of tilt in the +1g and -1g positions
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