UA STAR Equation Sheet

Energy Calculations
Q(Tothl) = 4.5 x CFM x Ah

Q(Sensible) 1.1OxCFMxAT
Q=BTUH
Ah = Difference in enthalpy
Ag= difference in grains of moisture
AT = difference in temperature

Heat transfer
BTUH = LB. x AT x Specific heat (for any substance)
BTUH = CFM x AT x 1.08 (for standard air)
BTUH = GPM x AT x 500 (for water)

Force exerted by a round diaphragm with a pressure applied and measured in psig
Force = Area x Pressure
pound
= sq. m. x sq.ln.
=
x psig

Pressure conversions
1 psi= 2.31 feet of head
1 psi = 27.7 in. w.c.
1 psi = 2.04 in. Hg.
1 atmosphere 34 feet of head
1 atmosphere = 29.9 in. Hg.
1 atmosphere = 14.7 psi
w.c. = water column
in. Hg. inches Mercury

Air pressure in ducts

V = 4005/V
(V)
VP
4005

Airflow in duct:
Q=AxV
Q= CFM
A = Cross sectional area of duct (ft
)
2
V = Velocity of air (feet per minute FPM)

VP = inches water gage, WG

Mixed air temperature (MAT)

= OATx%OA+RATx%RA
MAT
100
Exhibit # 20 Rev 02-18-09 (UA_STAR_EquationSheet).doc
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 UA STAR Equation Sheet

Percent of outside air

RAT-MAT
%OA x 100
= RAT-OAT
MAT = Mixed air temperature
OA = Outside air
OAT = Outside air temperature
RA = Return air
RAT = Return air temperature

Hydronic pressure (Total Head)

Total Head Static Head + Friction Head + Velocity Head

Static Head
Static Head = Static Discharge Head Static Suction Head (Calculated distance above

pump as positive, distance below pump as negative)

Velocity Head (VH)

2
V
VH =

2g
g = 32.3 fl/sec
2 (acceleration due to gravity)
V = Velocity of liquid

Total Dynamic Head

TDH = (DSH SSH) + (DVH SVH)
- -

TDH = Total dynamic head

DSH = Discharge static head
SSH = Suction static head
DVII Discharge velocity head
SVH = Suction velocity head

Flow Coefficient (Cv) rating of valve

Vffri

Q Flow rate in gpm

=

H = Head loss (pressure drop) in PSI

C = Flow coefficient with valve wide open, equal to gpm of flow at a 1 PSI
pressure drop across the valve. C decreases as the valve closes.

Temperature conversions
F (Fahrenheit) = C ! + 32
C (Celsius) (F 32) x
R (Rankine) = F + 460
K (Kelvin) = C + 273
Exhibit #20 Rev 02-18-09 (UASTAR_EquationSheet).doc
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 UA STAR Equation Sheet

Ohms Law
Volts = Amps x Ohms
or
E=IxR
Watts Law
Watts Volts x Amps
or
P=ExI
Energy formula
W=Pxt

Formula Circle for Ohms and Watts Laws

E = voltage
I = current (amps)
P = power (watts)
R = resistance (ohms)
W = energy (k Wh, or kilowatt-hour)
t time (hours)

Sum of resistance
Series circuits
1+R
RT = R 2 + 3
R
Parallel circuits
1
R
1
R 2
R 3
R

Exhibit #20 Rev O2-18O9 (UA_STAR_EquationSheet).doc

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 UA STAR Equation Sheet

Sum of capacitance (C)

Series cfrcuits
1
l=ll
Cl Cz C
3

Parallel circuits
CT = C1+C 2+C
3
Troubleshoot/replace belts, sheaves/pulley
= Motor RPM x Motor Sheave Diameter
Fan RPM
Fan Pulley Diameter

Power factor calculations

true power (kW)
Power Factor = cosO
apparent power (kVA)

C)

Real Power (kW)

= volts XAmps x 1.73

3-phase apparent power (kVA)
1000
= Volts x Amps
single stage apparent power (WA)
1000
Reactive power (kVAR) = 2 + kW
JkVA 2
Percent of motor load
MA-0.SNPA MV
%load=
0.5NPA NPV
MA = Measured amps
NPA = Nameplate amps
MV = Measured volts
NPV = Nameplate volts
Transformer voltage/winding calculation
5
N
EsEx
Es = Secondary voltage
Ep = Primary voltage
5 = Number of secondary turns
N
Np = Number of primary turns

Exhibit # 20 Rev 02-18-09 (UA_STAR_EquationSheet).doc

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 UA STAR Equation Sheet

Brake horsepower of a fan

MA MV
Bhp NPhp x x x LF
NPhp = Nameplate horsepower
MA = Measured amps
NPA = Nameplate amps (FLA)
MV = Measured volts
NPV = Nameplate volts
LF Load factor (by table)

Brake horsepower of a pump

GPM xTDH
Bhp x specific gravity
3960 x Eff
kWxEff
Bhp
0.746
Total head x GPM
Pump efficiency x specific gravity
3960 x Bhp

GPM = Gallons per minute

TDH = Total dynamic head
Eff Pump efficiency
kW = Real input power

Speed Calculation
= diameter of driven x rpm of driven
Rpm of driver
diameter of driver
diameter of driver x rpm of driver
Rpm of driven
diameter of driven

Calculate new sheave diameter, changing motor sheave

RPMnew
ld x
Dianew = Dia
0
RPMOId

Calculate new sheave diameter, changing fan or motor sheave

d
1
RPMO
ld x
Dianew = Dia
0
RPMnew

Exhibit # 20 Rev 02-18-09 (UA_STAR_EquationSheet).doc

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 UA STAR Equation Sheet

Fan Laws
RPMnew
CFMnew CFM
I
0 dX
RPMOId

SPnew = sp
i
0 a (cFMnew)
Id
0
CFM
2

IRPM
e
0 w\2
= SP
I
0 dx
RPMOId)

(CFMnew\3
BHPnew BHP
I
0 d X
CFM
I
0 d,

fRPMnew)3
= BHPOId X
RPM
I
0 d /

Compression ratio (R)

Absolute discharge pressure
R
= Absolute suction pressure

Pump Laws
Dnew
GPMnew = GPM
01 X

RPMnew
= GPM
I
0 d
RPMOId

(GPMnew)2
L\Pnew t.Pold
GPM
I
0 d

(Dnew)2
= AP
I
0 dX
Dold

(RPMnew2
IPo1d
j 1
\ RPM
0

fGPMnew )3
BHPnew BHP
I
0 d X
GPMO1d

= BHPOId X (P)3

(RPMnew)3
= BHPold
RPMOJd

General Gas Law

pV-mRT

Exhibit #20 Rev 02-18-09 (UA_STAR_EquationSheet).doc

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 UA STAR Equation Sheet

Boyles Law and Charles Law

2= T
P
1
T 1 (Charles Law with constant volume)
P
2
1V
T 2=T 2 V (Charles Law with constant pressure)
Pj Vj = P
2 V2 (Boyles Law with constant temperature)
P = absolute pressure in pounds per square foot
V= volume in cubic feet
m mass in pounds
R = gas constant of the particular gas (foot-pounds per pound per degree Rankine)
T= absolute temperature in degrees Rankine
Gas R Gas R
Air 53.5 Hydrogen 765.9
Ammonia 90.5 Nitrogen 55.1
Carbon dioxide 35.1 Oxygen 48.3
Carbon monoxide 55.1 Sulfur dioxide 24.1

Exhibit # 20 Rev 02-18-09 (UA_STAR_EquationSheet).doc

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