CIVL 3121 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 1/8

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

If the variation of V and M are written as functions We will develop a simpler method for constructing
of position, x, and plotted, the resulting graphs shear and moment diagrams.
are called the shear diagram and the moment
diagram. We will derive the relationship between loading,
shear force, and bending moment.
Developing the shear and moment functions for
complex beams can be quite tedious.

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Consider the beam shown below subjected to an

arbitrary loading.
We will assume that distributed loadings will be
positive (+) if they act upward.
Lets draw a free body diagram of the small
segment of length x and apply the equations of
equilibrium.

w = w(x) w = w(x)

x x

x x x x

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Since the segment is chosen at a point x where

there is no concentrated forces or moments, the
F
y 0 V w ( x )x (V V )
w(x)x
w(x)
result of this analysis will not apply to points of V w ( x )x
concentrated loading x
2

M+M
M 0 M (M M ) V x
V
M
0
w = w(x)
x
w ( x )x
x
V+V
2
x

(x)2
x x M Vx w(x)
2
CIVL 3121 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 2/8

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Dividing both sides of the V and M expressions The slope of the shear diagram at a point is equal
by x and taking the limit as x tends to 0 gives: to the intensity of the distributed loading w(x) at
that point

dV dM dV dM
w(x) V w(x) V
dx dx dx dx
Slope of Intensity of the Slope of Intensity of the Slope of Intensity of the Slope of Intensity of the
shear curve = loading moment curve = shear shear curve = loading moment curve = shear

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

The slope of the moment diagram at a point is If we multiply both sides of each of the above
equal to the intensity of the shear at that point. expressions by dx and integrate:

dV dM
w(x) V V w ( x )dx M V ( x )dx
dx dx
Slope of Intensity of the Slope of Intensity of the Change in Area under the Change in Area under the
shear curve = loading moment curve = shear shear = loading moment = shear diagram

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

The change in shear between any two points is The change in moment between any two points is
equal to the area under the loading curve equal to the area under the shear diagram
between the points. between the points.

V w ( x )dx M V ( x )dx V w ( x )dx M V ( x )dx

Change in Area under the Change in Area under the Change in Area under the Change in Area under the
shear = loading moment = shear diagram shear = loading moment = shear diagram
CIVL 3121 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 3/8

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Lets consider the case where a concentrated Lets consider the case where a concentrated
force and/or a couple are applied to the segment. force and/or a couple are applied to the segment.

P
F
y 0 V P (V V )
P
M 0 0 M (M M ) V x M '
V M + M V M + M
V P
M M
M M '
M M

V + V V + V
x x

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Therefore, when a force P acts downward on a Procedure for analysis - the following is a
beam, V is negative so the jump in the shear procedure for constructing the shear and moment
diagrams is downward. Likewise, if P acts diagrams for a beam .
upward, the jump is upward.

When a couple M acts clockwise, the resulting 1. Determine the support reactions for the
moment M is positive, so the jump in the structure.
moment diagrams is up, and when the couple
acts counterclockwise, the jump is downward.

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Procedure for analysis - the following is a Procedure for analysis - the following is a
procedure for constructing the shear and moment procedure for constructing the shear and moment
diagrams for a beam . diagrams for a beam .

2. To construct the shear diagram, first, establish Since the dV/dx = w, the slope of the shear
the V and x axes and plot the value of the diagram at any point is equal to the intensity of
shear at each end of the beam. the applied distributed loading.
CIVL 3121 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 4/8

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the

Procedure for analysis - the following is a
following beam
procedure for constructing the shear and moment
diagrams for a beam .
P P

The change in the shear force is equal to the A B

area under the distributed loading.
L L L
If the distributed loading is a curve of degree n,
the shear will be a curve of degree n+1.

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Find the support reactions Establish the V and x axes and plot the value of
P P
P P
the shear at each end.
A B In this case, the values are: at x = 0, V = P; and at x = 3L, V = -P.
Ax
L L L
L L L V
Ay By
P

M 0 P (L 2L) B (3L)
A y
By P (k)
x

F 0 A B 2P
y y y Ay P
L L L
-P

F x 0 Ax

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

The slope of the shear diagram over the interval 0 At a point x = L, a concentrated load P is applied.
< x < L is the equal to the loading. In this case The shear diagram is discontinuous and jumps
w(x) = 0. downward (recall V = -P).
V V
P P

(k) (k)
x x

-P -P
L L L L L L
CIVL 3121 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 5/8

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

The slope of the shear diagram over the interval At 2L, P is applied and the shear diagram
L < x < 2L is zero since, w(x) = 0. jumps downward (recall V = -P).

V V
P P

(k) (k)
x x

-P -P
L L L L L L

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

The slope of the shear diagram over the interval The slope of the shear diagram over the interval
2L < x < 3L is zero since, w(x) = 0. 2L < x < 3L is zero since, w(x) = 0.

V V
P P

(k) (k)
x x

-P -P
L L L L L L

The resulting shear diagram matches the shear at the The resulting shear diagram matches the shear at the
right end determined from the equilibrium equations. right end determined from the equilibrium equations.

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Establish the M and x axes and plot the value of The slope of the moment diagram over the interval 0 < x < L
the moment at each end. is the equal to value of the shear; in this case V = P. This
indicates a positive slope of constant value.
In this case, the values are: at x = 0, M = 0; and at x = 3L,
M = 0. M M PL
1

(k ft.) (k ft.)
x x

L L L L L L

The change in moment is equal to the area under the

shear diagram, in this case, M = PL.
CIVL 3121 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 6/8

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

The slope of the moment diagram over the interval L < x < The slope of the moment diagram over the interval
2L is the equal to value of the shear; in this case V = 0. 2L < x < 3L is the equal to value of the shear, V = -P.

M PL M PL
1 1 1

P P -P

(k ft.) (k ft.)
x x

L L L L L L

The change in moment is equal to the area under the

shear diagram, in this case, M = -PL.

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

The slope of the moment diagram over the interval 2L < x The shape of the shear and moment diagrams for selected loadings
< 3L is the equal to value of the shear, V = -P. P

Loading w(x)
M PL
V

V = -P
(k ft.) dV
x
x
Shear Diagram w
dx
M
L L L

dM
The change in moment is equal to the area under the Moment Diagram V
shear diagram, in this case, M = -PL. x dx

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

The shape of the shear and moment diagrams for selected loadings The shape of the shear and moment diagrams for selected loadings

w
M0

Loading w(x) Loading w(x)

V V
1
-w

dV dV
x
Shear Diagram w x
Shear Diagram w
dx dx
Smaller
M M (+) slope

M = -M0 dM Large dM
Moment Diagram V (+) slope Moment Diagram V
x dx x dx
CIVL 3121 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 7/8

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

The shape of the shear and moment diagrams for selected loadings The shape of the shear and moment diagrams for selected loadings

Loading w(x) Loading w(x)

V V

Small Larger Larger

(-) slope Small
(-) slope (-) slope
(-) slope
dV dV
x
Shear Diagram w x
Shear Diagram w
dx dx
Smaller Smaller
M (+) slope
M (+) slope

Large dM Large dM
(+) slope Moment Diagram V (+) slope Moment Diagram V
x dx x dx

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the following beam Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the following beam
P w0 w0
M0

L L L L
V V V V
w 0L w 0L
P 2

(k) (k) (k)

x x x (k)
x
M M M M
(k ft.)
M0 (k ft.) (k ft.)
x x x
(k ft.)
x w 0 L2
w 0L 2

-PL 2 3

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the following beam Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
P
L
w0
following beam
2

4 k/ft.
L L
V
V
P
w0L
A B
2
2
(k)
L x (k)
2 L/2 x 18 ft.
P 2
w 0L
w 0 L2
PL M 2
M 8
4

(k ft.)
(k ft.) x
x
CIVL 3121 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 8/8

Shear and Moment Diagrams Shear and Moment Diagrams

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the following beam Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the following beam

600 lb.

60 k 4,000 lb. ft.

4 k/ft.
A B
A
10 ft. 5 ft. 5 ft.
12 ft. 8 ft. 100 k ft.

End of Internal Loads Part 3

Any questions?