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CHEMCAD 6 User Guide - Online PDF
CHEMCAD 6 User Guide - Online PDF
User Guide
Allmaterial2007Chemstations,Inc.
CHEMCAD Version 6 User Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter1IntroductiontoCHEMCAD .............................................................................................. 1
OverviewofCHEMCADandItsUses ................................................................................................ 1
CHEMCADProductsandFeatures ................................................................................................. 3
CC-STEADY STATE .......................................................................................................................................3
CC-DYNAMICS ...............................................................................................................................................3
CC-BATCH .......................................................................................................................................................3
CC-THERM.......................................................................................................................................................3
CC-SAFETY NET.............................................................................................................................................3
CC-FLASH........................................................................................................................................................3
CHEMCADFeaturesbyModule...................................................................................................... 4
UnitOpsbyModule............................................................................................................................ 5
Chapter2GettingStartedwithCHEMCAD..................................................................................... 7
InstallingtheSoftware ........................................................................................................................... 7
LicensingCHEMCAD ......................................................................................................................... 10
TypesofCHEMCADLicenses........................................................................................................ 10
LicenseSettings ................................................................................................................................. 11
UpdatingaLicense ........................................................................................................................... 12
GettingHelpwithCHEMCAD .......................................................................................................... 14
OnlineHelp ....................................................................................................................................... 14
CHEMCADCoach............................................................................................................................ 15
ProcedureDemos.............................................................................................................................. 15
TheChemstationsWebSite............................................................................................................. 15
ContactingChemstationsTechnicalSupport ............................................................................... 15
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide i
TableofContents
Chapter3TheCHEMCADInterface................................................................................................ 17
TheCHEMCADWindow ................................................................................................................... 17
TheWorkspace.................................................................................................................................. 18
TheCHEMCADExplorerPane ...................................................................................................... 18
The Recent Files Tab .......................................................................................................................................19
The Simulation Tab .........................................................................................................................................19
The Visual Basic Tab.......................................................................................................................................20
ThePalettePane ................................................................................................................................ 20
Selecting a Palette............................................................................................................................................20
Customizing Palettes .......................................................................................................................................21
TheMessagesPane ........................................................................................................................... 22
The Errors and Warnings Tab..........................................................................................................................22
The Run Trace Tab ..........................................................................................................................................22
The Notes Tab .................................................................................................................................................23
TheMainMenu................................................................................................................................. 23
TheToolbar........................................................................................................................................ 23
CustomizingtheCHEMCADScreen................................................................................................. 23
ViewingandHidingScreenElements ........................................................................................... 24
ResizingandMovingItems............................................................................................................. 24
Resizing a Pane................................................................................................................................................24
Moving a Pane .................................................................................................................................................25
PinningandUnpinningPanes........................................................................................................ 25
OtherUsefulInterfaceHints............................................................................................................... 26
UndoandRedo ................................................................................................................................. 26
VisibleGrid........................................................................................................................................ 26
AdjustingYourViewoftheWorkspace........................................................................................ 27
TheCHEMCADCoachPane .......................................................................................................... 27
Chapter4WorkingwithSimulationFiles ...................................................................................... 29
AboutCHEMCADSimulationFiles.................................................................................................. 29
UserComponentsinCHEMCAD .................................................................................................. 30
ExampleFiles..................................................................................................................................... 30
OpeninganExistingSimulation ........................................................................................................ 31
CreatingaNewSimulation................................................................................................................. 31
SavingaSimulation.............................................................................................................................. 32
SavingDifferentCasesfortheSameSimulation.......................................................................... 32
EmailingaSimulation ........................................................................................................................ 33
WorkingwithCHEMCADFilesfromPreviousVersions .............................................................. 33
ii CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
TableofContents
Chapter5BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation ........................................................................ 35
StartingaNewSimulation .................................................................................................................. 35
SelectingEngineeringUnits................................................................................................................ 36
DrawingtheFlowsheet........................................................................................................................ 36
AddingUnitOps ............................................................................................................................... 36
SelectingaDefaultIconforaUnitOp ............................................................................................ 37
ManipulatingUnitOpIcons ............................................................................................................ 38
DrawingandConnectingaStream ................................................................................................ 38
Choosing a Stream Route ................................................................................................................................39
Rerouting a Stream ..........................................................................................................................................39
OtherDrawingTools........................................................................................................................ 40
The Text Tool ..................................................................................................................................................40
Simple Drawing Tools: Rectangle, Ellipse, and Line ......................................................................................40
Complex Drawing Tools: Multi-line and Polygon ..........................................................................................40
SelectingChemicalComponents........................................................................................................ 41
FindingaComponent ...................................................................................................................... 41
AddingaComponent....................................................................................................................... 42
ChangingtheOrderofSelectedComponents .............................................................................. 43
RemovingItemsfromtheSelectedComponentsList ................................................................. 43
SelectingKvalueandEnthalpyOptions .......................................................................................... 44
UsingtheThermodynamicsWizard .............................................................................................. 44
Selecting Components to Ignore......................................................................................................................44
Specifying Process Conditions ........................................................................................................................44
How the Thermodynamics Wizard Makes Suggestions ..................................................................................44
Should the Thermodynamics Wizard be trusted to make design decisions? ...................................................45
ManuallySelectingThermodynamicsSettings ............................................................................ 45
DefiningStreams .................................................................................................................................. 46
ThermodynamicProperties............................................................................................................. 46
StreamComposition ......................................................................................................................... 46
TotalFlowProperties ....................................................................................................................... 47
SpecifyingEquipmentParameters..................................................................................................... 47
RunningtheSimulation....................................................................................................................... 48
ReviewingtheResults.......................................................................................................................... 48
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide iii
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Chapter6UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling........................................................... 49
Whatishighfidelitymodeling?......................................................................................................... 49
CriteriaforHighfidelityModeling ................................................................................................... 50
IntroductiontoEquipmentSizing ..................................................................................................... 50
HighfidelityModelingandSizingforCommonUnitOps ............................................................ 51
Piping.................................................................................................................................................. 51
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................51
Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................51
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................51
Pumps,Compressors,andExpanders ........................................................................................... 52
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................52
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................52
VesselsandTanks............................................................................................................................. 52
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................52
Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................53
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................53
Valves ................................................................................................................................................. 53
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................53
Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................54
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................54
Columns ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................54
Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................54
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................55
HeatExchangers ............................................................................................................................... 56
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................56
Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................56
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................56
ReliefDevices .................................................................................................................................... 57
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................57
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................58
LicensingConsiderationsforHighfidelityModeling.................................................................... 58
LicenseSettings ................................................................................................................................. 58
Chapter7BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation ................................................................. 59
Whatdowemeanbydynamics? ....................................................................................................... 59
LicensingConsiderations .................................................................................................................... 59
LicenseSettings ................................................................................................................................. 60
AdditionalInputforDynamicOperation......................................................................................... 60
StrategiesforDynamicSimulations ............................................................................................... 61
iv CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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SettingUpDynamicOperation .......................................................................................................... 61
SwitchingtoDynamics .................................................................................................................... 61
SettingtheRunTime ........................................................................................................................ 63
SelectingStreamsandUnitOps ...................................................................................................... 65
RunningaDynamicSimulation ......................................................................................................... 66
RunfromInitialState ....................................................................................................................... 66
RunfromCurrentState.................................................................................................................... 66
RunOneStepataTime ................................................................................................................... 67
OtherDynamicCommands ................................................................................................................ 67
ResettoInitialState .......................................................................................................................... 67
SaveAsInitialState .......................................................................................................................... 68
OutputfromDynamicSimulations ................................................................................................... 68
ReviewingtheFlowsheetSpecifications........................................................................................ 68
PlottingDynamicResults ................................................................................................................ 69
TextbasedDynamicReports .......................................................................................................... 69
Chapter8OutputandReports........................................................................................................... 71
TextReports .......................................................................................................................................... 71
ReportSetup ...................................................................................................................................... 71
StreambasedReports....................................................................................................................... 72
Stream Groups .................................................................................................................................................72
Stream Compositions.......................................................................................................................................74
Stream Properties.............................................................................................................................................75
Particle Size Distribution.................................................................................................................................76
Pseudocomponent Curves................................................................................................................................76
UnitOpbasedReports...................................................................................................................... 76
UnitOp Groups ................................................................................................................................................76
Select UnitOps.................................................................................................................................................77
Spec Sheet........................................................................................................................................................77
Distillation .......................................................................................................................................................78
FlowsheetbasedReports ................................................................................................................. 78
Topology..........................................................................................................................................................78
Thermodynamics .............................................................................................................................................78
Mass and Energy Balances ..............................................................................................................................79
DynamicsReports............................................................................................................................. 79
Batch Results ...................................................................................................................................................79
Dynamics .........................................................................................................................................................79
ConsolidatedReport......................................................................................................................... 79
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide v
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GraphicalReports................................................................................................................................. 80
ThermophysicalDataGraphs ......................................................................................................... 80
TPXY...............................................................................................................................................................80
Binary LLE ......................................................................................................................................................80
Binodal Plot .....................................................................................................................................................80
Binodal/Residue Curves ..................................................................................................................................80
Residue Curves ................................................................................................................................................80
FlowsheetbasedGraphs.................................................................................................................. 80
UnitOpbasedPlots .......................................................................................................................... 81
Tower Profiles .................................................................................................................................................81
Heat Curves .....................................................................................................................................................81
Plug Flow Reactor Profile ...............................................................................................................................81
Pipe Profile ......................................................................................................................................................81
Controller Convergence...................................................................................................................................81
DynamicPlots ................................................................................................................................... 81
UserspecifiedFile ............................................................................................................................ 81
PrintingCHEMCADReports ............................................................................................................. 82
ProcessFlowDiagrams ....................................................................................................................... 82
FlowsheetDataboxes........................................................................................................................ 82
Stream Boxes...................................................................................................................................................82
UnitOp Boxes ..................................................................................................................................................83
TP Boxes .........................................................................................................................................................83
Excel Range Boxes ..........................................................................................................................................84
UsingtheLayersFeatureforSelectiveViewingandPrinting ................................................... 85
Scenarios for Using Layers..............................................................................................................................85
Creating a New layer .......................................................................................................................................86
Assigning Objects to a Layer...........................................................................................................................87
Hiding and Viewing Layers.............................................................................................................................88
Removing an Object from a Layer ..................................................................................................................88
Deleting an Entire Layer..................................................................................................................................88
PrintingaProcessFlowDiagram ................................................................................................... 88
Chapter9CustomizingCHEMCAD ................................................................................................ 91
FlowsheetTemplates ........................................................................................................................... 91
CreatingaTemplate ......................................................................................................................... 92
ViewingaTemplatesProperties.................................................................................................... 92
ApplyingaTemplate........................................................................................................................ 92
RenamingorDeletingaTemplate.................................................................................................. 92
vi CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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CreatingCustomComponents ........................................................................................................... 93
AddingaSingleComponent........................................................................................................... 93
Creating the Component ..................................................................................................................................93
Regressing Data into the Component ..............................................................................................................95
PseudocomponentRange ................................................................................................................ 96
ImportingaNeutralFile .................................................................................................................. 97
CreatingaCustomSymbol ................................................................................................................. 98
CustomizedCostingCalculations.................................................................................................... 100
CreatingCustomUnitOps ................................................................................................................ 100
CreatingaCustomUnitOpDialogBox ....................................................................................... 101
CustomizingThermodynamics ........................................................................................................ 102
CreatingaCustomKvalueorEnthalpyModel......................................................................... 102
CreatingaCustomMixingRule ................................................................................................... 104
VisualBasicApplications(VBA)...................................................................................................... 104
DefiningaReaction,MixingRule,orUnitOp ............................................................................ 104
UsingaVBAdefinedReaction ..................................................................................................... 105
UsingaVBAdefinedMixingRule............................................................................................... 106
UsingaVBAdefinedUnitOp ....................................................................................................... 106
Chapter10DataInterfaces ............................................................................................................... 107
ExcelDataMapping........................................................................................................................... 107
CreatinganExcelDataMap.......................................................................................................... 108
DataMapExecutionRules ............................................................................................................ 111
CreatingExcelUnitOps ..................................................................................................................... 113
SpecificationSheets ............................................................................................................................ 113
UsingCHEMCADasanOPCServer .............................................................................................. 114
OPCApplications ........................................................................................................................... 114
OPCCompliance............................................................................................................................. 114
EnablingCHEMCADasanOPCServer ..................................................................................... 115
ReadingandWritingValuestoCHEMCADUsingOPC ......................................................... 115
OPCServerOperations.................................................................................................................. 115
CHEMCADOPCNamespace ....................................................................................................... 116
COMInterfaces ................................................................................................................................... 117
ConnectingExcelandCHEMCAD:ASimpleCOMInterface ................................................. 117
Using the VBClient Example ........................................................................................................................118
A Peek under the Hood..................................................................................................................................118
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide vii
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viii CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide ix
TableofContents
x CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 1
Introduction to CHEMCAD
WelcometoCHEMCADVersion6.0,apowerfulandeffectivesoftwaretoolfor
chemicalprocesssimulation.WhetheryoureaneworexperiencedCHEMCADuser,
youllappreciatetheprogramsuserfriendly,featurerichinterface.Creating
flowsheetsandrunningsimulationsisfastandeasywithCHEMCAD,andthe
programishighlycustomizabletofityourneedsandthewayyouwork.
ThismanualwillhelpyougetupandrunningwithCHEMCAD,from
installationandlicensingtotutorialsthatwalkyouthroughrealworldexamples.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 1
IntroductiontoCHEMCAD
CHEMCADcombinesastateoftheartgraphicaluserinterface(GUI),an
extensivechemicalcomponentdatabase,alargelibraryofthermodynamicdata,and
alibraryofthemostcommonunitoperationstogiveuserstheabilitytoprovide
significantandmeasurablereturnsontheirinvestment.Inaddition,theprogramis
customizabletoallowcustomchemicals,thermodynamics,unitoperations,
calculations,andreportingallingredientsforapowerfuluserexperience.
CHEMCADiscapableofmodelingcontinuous,batch,andsemibatchprocesses,
anditcansimulatebothsteadystateanddynamicsystems.Thisprogramisused
extensivelyaroundtheworldforthedesign,operation,andmaintenanceofchemical
processesinawidevarietyofindustries,includingoilandgasexploration,
production,andrefining;gasprocessing;commodityandspecialtychemicals;
pharmaceuticals;biofuels;andprocessequipmentmanufacturing.
Withinalloftheseindustries,chemicalengineersworkeverydaywith
CHEMCADtoaddressavarietyofchallenges:
Initialdesignofnewprocesses
Optimizationordebottleneckingofexistingprocesses
Performancemonitoringofprocesses
Designandratingofprocessequipmentsuchasvessels,columns,heat
exchangers,piping,valves,andinstrumentation
Evaluationofsafetyreliefdevices
Heatexchangersizing
Pressureandflowbalancingofcomplexpipingnetworks
Reconciliationofplantdata
Economiccomparisonsofprocessalternatives
Advancedprocesscontrol(APC),includingmodelpredictivecontrol(MPC),
realtimeoptimization(RTO),andoperatortrainingsystems(OTS)
Scaleupofprocessesfromlabscaletopilotscale,andfrompilotscaletofull
scale
Binaryinteractionparameter(BIP)regressionfromprocessorlabdata
Batchreactionrateregressionfromprocessorlabdata
Nomatterhowcomplexyourprocess,CHEMCADiscapableofdeliveringthe
resultsyouneedtostaycompetitiveinanincreasinglyfastandfluidglobalmarket.
Easytolearnandhighlycustomizable,CHEMCADcanputfutureproofsolutions
withineasyreachofyourengineeringstaff.
2 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
IntroductiontoCHEMCAD
CC-STEADY STATE
ThemainCHEMCADproduct,knownasCCSTEADYSTATE,enablesyouto
designnewprocesses,rateexistingprocesses,andoptimizeprocessesinsteadystate.
CC-DYNAMICS
ThemoduleknownasCCDYNAMICSmakesitpossibletodesignandrateexisting
processesusingadynamicsimulation.Thismoduleisfullyintegratedwith
CHEMCADtomakeswitchingbetweensteadystateanddynamicseasyand
intuitive.UsingCCDYNAMICS,youcaneasilysimulateeverythingfromsimple
vesselaccumulationtocomplexcontrolsystemsoncolumns.Thismodulealso
providestoolsforsimulationofcontinuousstirredtankreactors(CSTRs),including
complexreactionrateandpressurecalculation.
CC-BATCH
TheCCBATCHproductenablesyoutodesign,rate,oroptimizeabatchdistillation
column.CCBATCHincludesaschedulinginterfacetoallowanoperationstep
approachtosimulationofbatchcolumns.
CC-THERM
TheCCTHERMproductletsyoudesignasingleheatexchanger,orvetavendors
heatexchangerdesign.Itisalsoidealforcustomerswhowanttorateexisting
exchangersinnewservice,ortoperformcalculationsonhypotheticalsituations.CC
THERMcansimulateshellandtube,aircooled,plateandframe,anddoublepipe
exchangers.FullintegrationwithCHEMCADmakesitpossibletocalculateexit
conditionsfromexchangergeometryforhighfidelitysimulations.
CC-SAFETY NET
TheCCSAFETYNETproductprovidesthecapabilitytodesignorratepiping
networksandsafetyreliefdevicesandsystems,inbothsteadystateanddynamic
systems.ThesteadystatefeaturesofCCSAFETYNETareincludedwithCC
STEADYSTATE.Thisproductenablesuserstomakesimultaneousflowand
pressurebalancedsimulationseveninreverseflowsituationsforsingleor
multiphaseflow.
CC-FLASH
TheCCFLASHmoduleprovidesphysicalpropertyandphaseequilibriumdata,as
wellaspropertypredictionandregression.CCFLASHisasubsetofCCSTEADY
STATE,andismeantforcustomerswhodonotneedfullflowsheetsimulationtools.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 3
IntroductiontoCHEMCAD
CC-STEADY STATE
CC-SAFETY NET
CC-DYNAMICS
CC-THERM
CC-BATCH
CC-FLASH
VB/COM/OPC/Data Map 9 9
Sensitivity/optimization 9 9 9
Sizing (line/valve/orifice/vessel) 9 9 9
Run steady state 9 9 9 9 9
Run dynamics 9 9
Run recycles 9 9 9
Costing 9 9 9
Reconciliation 9 9
Sizing columns 9 9 9
Sizing heat exchangers 9
Economics 9 9
Reports (incl. Excel) 9 9 9 9 9 9
DIERS 9 9 9
CO2 solid 9 9 9 9
Hydrates 9 9 9 9
Depress 9 9 9 9
TOC/COD 9 9 9 9
Pure regression 9 9 9 9 9 9
BIP regression 9 9 9 9 9 9
Electrolyte regression 9 9 9 9 9 9
Rate regression 9 9
Units calculator 9 9 9 9 9 9
Execute parser 9 9
Environmental report 9 9 9 9 9 9
Simple calculator 9 9 9 9 9 9
Spec sheet 9 9 9 9 9
4 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
IntroductiontoCHEMCAD
UnitOps by Module
Theavailabilityofcertainunitoperations,orUnitOps,inCHEMCADsimulationsis
afunctionofwhichmodulesyouhavelicensed.Thefollowingmatrixlistsall
availableUnitOpsandtheCHEMCADmodulesassociatedwiththem.
CC-STEADY STATE
CC-SAFETY NET
CC-DYNAMICS
CC-THERM
CC-BATCH
CC-FLASH
Baghouse filter 9 9
Batch column 9
Batch reactor 9
Calculator 9 9
Centrifuge 9 9
Component separator 9 9
Compressor 9 9 9
Control valve 9 9 9
Controller 9 9 9
Crusher/grinder 9 9
Crystallizer 9 9
Cyclone 9 9
Divider 9 9 9 9
Dynamic vessel 9 9
Electrostatic precipitator 9 9
Equilibrium reactor 9 9
Excel unit 9 9
Expander 9 9 9
Fired heater 9 9
Flash 9 9 9 9
Gibbs reactor 9 9
Heat exchanger 9 9 9 9
Hydrocyclone 9 9
Kinetic reactor 9 9
Liquid/liquid extractor 9 9
LLV flash* 9 9
LNGH exchanger 9 9
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 5
IntroductiontoCHEMCAD
CC-STEADY STATE
CC-SAFETY NET
CC-DYNAMICS
CC-THERM
CC-BATCH
CC-FLASH
Loop 9 9
Mixer 9 9 9 9
Node 9 9 9
Phase generator* 9 9
PID controller 9 9 9
Pipe simulator 9 9 9
Polymer reactor
Pump 9 9 9
Ramp controller 9 9 9
Recorder* 9
Run subflowsheet META unit 9 9
SCDS distillation column 9 9
Screen 9 9
Sedimentator 9 9
Shortcut column 9 9
Solids dryer 9 9
Solids washer 9 9
Stoichiometric reactor 9 9
Stream reference 9 9
Tank 9
Time delay 9 9
Time switch 9 9
Tower distillation column 9 9
Tower plus distillation column 9 9
User-added module 9 9
Vacuum filter 9 9
Valve 9 9 9
Venturi scrubber 9 9
Vessel* 9 9
6 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 2
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
NowthatyouhaveCHEMCADinhand,youprobablywanttogetstartedright
away.Letsgetdirectlytothepoint,withstepbystepinstructionsforinstallingand
licensingtheprogram.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 7
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
Note: IfyouinsertthediscandclosetheCDmediadrivedoor,butnothinghappens
withinoneminute,thenyoursystemisnotconfiguredtolaunchtheCDcontent
automatically.Tolaunchtheinstallationprogrammanually,gotoMyComputer,
doubleclicktheiconforyourcomputersCDmediadrive,andthendoubleclickthe
filecalledSetup.exe.
ClickInstallCHEMCADtolaunchtheInstallShieldWizard.InstallShield
inspectsyourcomputerforsoftwarecomponentsthatCHEMCADwillneed,and
promptsyoutoinstallanyneededcomponentswithascreensimilartoFigure201.
Figure 2-01: InstallShield Wizard screen listing software components to be installed
ClickInstalltocontinue.Followthepromptsonallotherscreensuntilyousee
theCHEMCADSuiteInstallShieldWizardscreen,showninFigure202.
Note:DependingonhowmanysoftwarecomponentsInstallShieldidentifies,there
maybequiteafewscreens,andtheprocedurecouldtakeseveralminutes.Once
thesecomponentsareinstalledonyourcomputer,however,youwillnotneedto
reinstallthemwithfutureCHEMCADupdates.
8 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
Figure 2-02: The CHEMCAD Suite InstallShield Wizard screen
ClickNexttobegintheinstallationprocess.TheLicenseAgreementscreen
appears,listingtheCHEMCADstandardlicense.Onceyouvereadandunderstood
thetermsofthelicense,youllneedtoclicktheIacceptthetermsofthelicense
agreementbuttonbeforeyoucanclickNextagaintoproceed.Notethatyouhavethe
optiontoprintacopyofthelicenseagreementfromthisscreen.
Figure 2-03: The Standard License screen
TheDestinationFolderscreenappearsnext,displayingthenameofthefolder
intowhichtheCHEMCADfileswillbeinstalledbydefault.Normally,this
destinationisC:\ProgramFiles\Chemstations\CHEMCAD,anditisrecommended
thatyouusethislocationunlessyouhaveaspecificneedtoinstalltheprogram
elsewhere.ClicktheChangebuttonifyouwanttochangethefiledestination,or
clickNexttoacceptthesuggesteddestinationandproceed.
TheSetupTypescreennowappears,offeringachoicebetweencompleteand
custominstallation.Eachtypeofinstallationisdescribedonthescreen.Eitheraccept
thedefaultsettingofCompleteorclickCustomtoselectspecificcomponentsto
install,thenclickNexttoproceed.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 9
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
TheReadytoInstalltheProgramscreennowappears.Notethatonthisscreen,
andinfactonanyscreenintheinstallationprocess,youcanclickBacktoreturntoa
previousscreenandverifyorchangeyourinstallationsettings.Ifyouaresatisfied
withyoursettingsastheyare,clickNexttostarttheinstallation.
TheInstallingCHEMCADSuitescreenappears,showingtheprogressofyour
installationwithagreenstatusbar.
Figure 2-04: Status bar showing the progress of CHEMCAD installation
Wheninstallationiscomplete,youllseeonefinalscreen,whichstatesthatthe
InstallShieldWizardhascompletedinstallationoftheCHEMCADSuite.Click
FinishtoclosetheinstallationprogramandopenCHEMCAD6.
Licensing CHEMCAD
BeforeyoucanuseCHEMCAD,youllneedtosetupalicensingschemeofsome
type.Dependingonyourparticularlicensingagreement,youwilluseoneofseveral
typesoflicensestorunCHEMCAD.
10 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
Youoryourorganizationwilluseoneoffourtypesofdongles:
SuperProsingleuserdongle(parallelorUSBconnection)
SuperProNetdongle(parallelorUSBconnection)
SentinelScribesingleuserdongle(parallelconnection)
NetSentinelnetworkdongle(parallelconnection)
Insomeinstances,softwarelicensingisaccomplishedwithouttheuseofa
hardwaredevice:
LicenseManagersoftware,whichrunsoveralocalorwideaccess
network
SystemAuthorization,amethodthatauthorizesasingleusermachinefor
alimitedtime(usedforsoftwareevaluation)
License Settings
TorunCHEMCADforthefirsttime,makesurethatyourdongle(ifapplicable)is
pluggedinproperly,andthenstarttheprogram.FromtheWindowsStartmenu,
selectAllPrograms>Chemstations>CHEMCAD.
Theprogramopens,displayingaCHEMCADsplashscreen.Afterafew
moments,thatscreenisreplacedbytheLicenseSettingsscreen.
Figure 2-05: The License Settings screen with default settings
Thecheckedboxesontheleftsideofthisscreenindicatethetypesoflicensing
hardwareandsoftwarethatCHEMCADwillsearchforwhenyouclickOK.Note
thatnetworklicensingmethodsarenotchecked;thissavestimeformanyusers,
becausesearchingforanetworkdonglecanbetimeconsuming.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 11
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
Note:Ifyouareusingoneofthenetworklicensingmethods(NetSentinel,SuperPro
Net,orLicenseManager),youllneedtochecktheappropriateboxbeforeclicking
OK.Youcanalsoclicktheotherboxestocleartheircheckmarksandspeedup
CHEMCADssearchforyourlicense.
Ontherightsideofthescreen,theNetworkdeviceproductcheckoutarealets
networkuserschoosewhetherornottorequestlicensesforspecificCHEMCAD
modules.Foreachlistedproduct,youcanelecttosecurealicenseAlways,As
needed,orNever.
ThedefaultsettingforalloftheseslidercontrolsisAsneeded,whichsecuresa
licenseonlywhenyoubegintouseaspecificCHEMCADfeaturecontrolledbya
certainproduct.Thissettingisidealinmostsituations,asitleavesunneededlicenses
availableforotherusers.Tochangeanymodulescheckoutsetting,simplyclickto
theleftorrightofthecurrentsettingtomovetheslider.
Inmostcases,youwontneedtomakeanychangesontheLicenseSettings
screen,althoughyoumaywanttocleartheAlwaysshowthisscreenatstartupcheck
box,toavoidseeingthisscreeneachtimeyoustartCHEMCAD.
Note:Ifyouveturnedoffthischeckbox,youcanstillopentheLicenseSettings
dialogboxatanytime.EitherselectTools>Options>LicenseSettingsfromwithin
anopensimulation,orselectLicense>LicenseSettingswithnosimulationopen.
Whenyouvemadeanychangesneeded,clickOK.OnceCHEMCADhaslocated
yourvalidlicense,youllseetheLicensesinUsescreen,whichlistsalllicensed
productsalongwiththetypeoflicensedeviceorsoftwarevalidatingeachproduct.
ClickOKtoclosethisscreenandaccessthemainCHEMCADwindow.
Updating a License
CHEMCADdonglesrequirereprogrammingonaregularbasis,eitheronceayear
ormoreoftendependingonyourlicensingagreement.Thisisasecuritymeasureto
reducethelikelihoodthatyourdonglewillbestolenandmisused.
Thedonglethatyouuseisprogrammedtoworkonlythroughthelicensedtime
period,andwhenthattimehaselapsed,thedonglemustbeupdatedbeforeyoucan
continueusingCHEMCAD.
Updatingadongleisarelativelysimpleprocedure.Beforeyourlicense
expiration,youoryoursoftwareadministratorshouldreceiveanemailfrom
Chemstations,withwhatsknownasaconfigurationfileincludedasanattachment.
YoushouldsavethisfiletoyourWindowsdesktopassoonasyoureceiveit.
12 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
Note:Ifyouveupdatedthesamedongleinthepast,thenewconfigurationfile
shouldhavetheexactsamefilenameasthepreviousone.If,whilesavingthefileto
yourdesktop,youseeaWindowsmessageaboutanexistingfilewiththesame
name,youshouldoverwritetheoldfile(whichinanycasecannotbeusedagain),
replacingitwiththenewone.
Itsimportanttoensurethatyourconfigurationfilematchesyourdongle.The
configurationfileshouldbea.DNGfilewhosenameincludesafourorfivedigit
code;thiscodemustmatchthenumberstampedontoyourdongle.Ifthenumbers
dontmatch,contactyoursoftwareadministratororChemstationssupporttoresolve
theissue.
Theupdateemailalsospecifiesthedateonwhichyoullneedtoupdateyour
dongle.Beforethatdatearrives,followthisproceduretoperformtheupdate:
1. StarttheCHEMCADprogram;youshouldseetheLicenseSettingsdialog
boxappearautomatically.Ifnecessary,youcanopenthisdialogboxusing
eitherTools>Options>LicenseSettings(withasimulationopen)or
License>LicenseSettings(withnosimulationopen).
2. WithintheLicenseSettingsdialogbox,clickthetabwiththesamenameas
thetypeofhardwaredonglethatyouuse:SentinelScribe,NetSentinel,
SuperPro,orSuperProNet.
3. Onthetabyouveselected,findtheReprogrambuttonReprogram
SentinelSuperPro,forexample.Clickthisbuttontobeginthere
programmingprocedure.
Figure 2-06: Re-programming a SuperPro dongle from the License Settings dialog box
4. WhentheBrowseforFolderdialogboxappears,navigatetothelocation
whereyousavedthe.DNGconfigurationfile.Normally,thisistheWindows
desktop;ifyousavedyourconfigurationfilethere,clickDesktoptotell
CHEMCADwheretolookforthefile,thenclickOK.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 13
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
Figure 2-07: Selecting the location where the configuration file resides
5. CHEMCADreprogramsthedongleandthendisplaysasuccesspopup
window.
Figure 2-08: Successful re-programming of a CHEMCAD dongle
6. ClickOKtoclosethepopupwindow.IftheLicensesinUsescreenappears,
clickOKtocloseit.
YoushouldnowbeabletoopenCHEMCADandproceednormally.
Online Help
AtanytimewhilerunningCHEMCADinanactivewindow,youcanpressthe[F1]
keytobringuptheCHEMCADHelpscreenthatsmostappropriatetothetaskyou
arecurrentlyperformingorthedialogboxcurrentlydisplayed.
Insomesituations,pressing[F1]willbringupthemainCHEMCAD6Help
windowinsteadofaparticularhelpscreen.Fromthere,youcanclicktheContents,
Index,orSearchtabintheupperleftcorneroftheCHEMCAD6Helpwindow,and
usethesetoolstofindtheinformationyouneed.
YoucanalsogodirectlytothemainCHEMCAD6Helpwindowbyselecting
Help>HelpTopicsfromtheCHEMCADmainmenu.Regardlessofhowyouopen
CHEMCADHelp,italwaysopensinaseparatewindowthatdoesnotinterferewith
theoperationoftheCHEMCADprogram.
14 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
CHEMCAD Coach
TheCHEMCADCoachpaneisatoolthatyoucanopenwithinCHEMCADtoview
conciseinstructionsforcommonprocedures.Toseealistofavailabletopics,select
Help>CHEMCADCoach.ThenclickonanylinkintheCHEMCADCoachwindow
toviewtheinstructionsforaspecifictask.
Procedure Demos
Animateddemonstrationsofcommontasksareavailabletohelpyougetstarted
usingtheCHEMCADprogram.Topicscoveredincludethevariousstepsinvolvedin
creatingabasicsimulation;proceduresforsimulationsinvolvingbatchreactors,heat
exchangersizing,andpiping;controlvalveratingandsizing;creatinganExcelData
Map;andupdatingalicensingdongle.
ThedemofilesareinstalledalongwithCHEMCAD.Toaccessthesedemos,
selectStart>AllPrograms>Chemstations>Demos,andthenbrowsethelistof
availabletopics.ClickthebuttonforthedemoyoudliketoviewandthenclickPlay
torunthedemo.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 15
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
16 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 3
The CHEMCAD Interface
WiththereleaseofVersion6.0,theCHEMCADinterfacehasundergonequitea
transformation.Forthisreason,evenlongtimeusersofCHEMCADwillbenefit
fromareviewoftheprogramsscreenlayoutandthelocationofimportantfeatures.
ThischaptertakesyouonatouroftheCHEMCADscreen,includingthemenus
andtoolbars,themainareasofthescreen,andtheflowsheetdrawingtools.Italso
showsyousomewaysthatyoucancustomizethescreenlayoutsothatitbestsuits
yourownwayofworking.
Workspace
CHEMCAD
Explorer pane
Palette pane
Messages pane
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 17
TheCHEMCADInterface
The Workspace
Theareainthemiddleofthescreenisknownastheworkspace.Thisisthemainfocus
oftheCHEMCADwindow,theplacewhereyoullbuildandeditflowsheets,view
graphs,andrunandtweakprocesssimulations.
WhenyoufirstlaunchCHEMCAD,theworkspaceissolidwhite.Whenyoustart
tobuildaflowsheetoropenanexistingsimulation,theflowsheetdisplaysinthe
workspace.
Theworkspaceusestabstoenableyoutoswitchbetweenyouropensimulation
andanyopenExcelDataMapsand/ordataplots.Atthebottomoftheworkspace
area,youllseeoneormoretabswheneverasimulationisopen.Eachtabincludesa
buttonmarkedwithanX;tocloseanytab,firstclickthetabandthenclicktheX
button.
Figure 3-01: The bottom of the workspace area, showing several tabs and their X buttons
Notethatanytimeyouveclosedasimulationandhaventyetopenedanother
one,theworkspacedisplaysasablankgrayspace.
Figure 3-02: CHEMCAD Explorer tabs
TheCHEMCADExplorertabsarepresentedinwhatsknownasatreeformat,
withitemsorganizedintoamultilevelhierarchy.Thedefaultviewshowsonlytop
levelitems,butyoucanexpandeachitemtoviewsecondlevelitems,thirdlevel
items,andsoforth.
Attheleftofeachtoplevelitemisasmallboxwithaplussign.Toexpandan
item,clicktheplussign.Twothingshappensimultaneouslywhenyouclick:thetree
expandstoshowthatitemscontents,andtheplussignbecomesaminussign.You
canhide(orcollapse)thelowerlevelitemsagainbyclickingtheminussign,which
thenturnsbackintoaplussign.Figure303showsanexampleofaCHEMCAD
Exploreritemincollapsedandexpandedview.
18 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
TheCHEMCADInterface
Figure 3-03: Clicking the plus sign to expand an item (left); the resulting view (right)
ExpandingandcollapsingitemsintheCHEMCADExplorertabsisonewaythat
youcanmakethebestuseofyourscreenspacewhenworkinginCHEMCAD.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 19
TheCHEMCADInterface
Groups:ProvidesaneasywaytocategorizeUnitOps,streams,and
components
Layers:Allowsselectedpartsoftheflowsheettobedisplayedorhiddenfor
viewingandprinting
Templates:StoresandorganizesstreamandUnitOpspecificationsthatyou
cancloneforreuse
Expandanyoftheseitemstoseeandusespecificfeatures,whicharedescribedin
furtherdetailintheappropriatechaptersofthisuserguide.
Selecting a Palette
TheseUnitOpiconsandtoolsaregroupedintopalettesaccordingtofunctionor
equipmenttype.ThedefaultpaletteiscalledAllUnitOps,anditincludesevery
availableUnitOpiconanddrawingtool.Toselectadifferentpalette,simplyclickits
titlebar.Theselectedpaletteexpandsinplace,asshowninFigure304.
Figure 3-04: The expanded Piping and Flow palette
20 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
TheCHEMCADInterface
Customizing Palettes
AtthetopofthePalettepaneisafieldcalledSearchforUnitOp(s).Typeasearch
termhereandthenclickGo!tolocatealloftheUnitOpiconsassociatedwiththat
term.TheresultsfromthesearchappearinanewpaletteatthebottomofthePalette
pane.Figure305showsthesearchresultsforthewordvessel.
Figure 3-05: Search results showing all vessel UnitOps
PerformingaUnitOpsearchcreateswhatisknownasauseraddedpalette.This
typeofpaletteisdesignatedwithaspecialiconattheleftendofthepaletteheading.
Thepalettecontainingyoursearchresultsremainsavailableuntilyouclose
CHEMCAD.Youcanmakeyouruseraddedpaletteavailablepermanentlybyright
clickingthenewpalettestitlebarandselectingSave.
Figure 3-06: Saving search results for future use
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 21
TheCHEMCADInterface
Youcandothefollowingwithuseraddedpalettes:
Renameanyuseraddedpalettebyrightclickingitstitlebarandselecting
Rename.Intheresultingdialogbox,typethenameyouwantandthenclick
OK.
Deleteauseraddedpaletteatanytimebyrightclickingandselecting
Remove.
AddindividualUnitOpsortoolstoanexistinguseraddedpalette.Simply
rightclicktheiconfortheitemyouwanttoadd,selectInsertintoPalette,
andthenclickthenameoftheuseraddedpalette.
Removeanitemfromauseraddedpalettebyrightclickingtheiconand
selectingRemovefromPalette.
Createauseraddedpalettewithoutasearch.Rightclickthefirsticonthat
youdliketoincludeonanewpaletteandselectInsertintoPalette>New
Palette.TypeanameintheresultingdialogboxandclickOK.Thenaddas
manyothericonsasyoudlikeusingthemethoddescribedjustabove.
Youcannotchangethenameoriconselectionforabuiltinpalette,asyoucan
withauseraddedpalette.Youcan,however,makeacopyofabuiltinpalette,
renamethecopy,andthenaddanddeleteiconsuntilthepalettehasjustwhatyou
want.
Tocopyanypalette(whetherbuiltinoruseradded),simplyrightclickthe
paletteheadingandselectSaveCopyAs.Typeanameforthenewpaletteandclick
OK.
22 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
TheCHEMCADInterface
The Toolbar
TheCHEMCADtoolbarprovidesbuttonsthatarecommontomostWindows
applications,suchasNew,Open,Save,andPrint,alongwithbuttonsthatare
specifictochemicalprocesssimulation.
Todiscovertheuseofaparticularbutton,simplypointyourmousecursoratthe
buttonandwatchforthetooltiptoappear,asshowninFigure307.
Figure 3-07: Viewing a buttons tooltip
Toolbarbuttonsprovidequick,oneclickaccesstofrequentlyusedcommands
thatarealsoavailableviatheCHEMCADmenus.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 23
TheCHEMCADInterface
Ifhavingalloftheseitemsvisibleleavesyoulessworkspacethanyouwould
prefer,orifthelocationofoneormorepanesislessthanoptimalforthewaythat
youwork,youcanhideormovepanestocustomizeyourCHEMCADscreen.
Resizing a Pane
Thesimplestwaytoaltertheappearanceofapaneistoresizeit.Youcanmakethe
CHEMCADExplorerandPalettepaneswiderornarrower,ormaketheMessages
paneshorterortaller,bymovingtheinsideedge,orwall,ofthepanetowardor
awayfromtheedgeofthemainwindow.
Toresizeapane,startbypositioningyourmousecursorattheinsidewallofthe
panethatis,therightedgeoftheCHEMCADExplorerpane,theleftedgeofthe
Palettepane,orthetopedgeoftheMessagespane.Whenthecursorisinthecorrect
positionforresizing,thenormalpointerwillbereplacedwithatwoheadedarrow
asshowninFigure308.
Figure 3-08: The two-headed arrow cursor used for resizing panes
24 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
TheCHEMCADInterface
Whenyouseethetwoheadedarrow,clickanddraginthedirectionyouwantto
movethepanewall.Athickgraylineshowsapreviewofthenewpanesize;when
youreleasethemousebutton,theresizedpaneappears.
Moving a Pane
Inadditiontoresizing,youcanalsomoveanyofthepanesintheCHEMCAD
window,eithertoadifferentedgeofthescreenortothemiddleofthescreen.You
canalsomovegroupsofbuttonsfromtheirdefaultpositionsonthetoolbar.
Initially,allofthepanesandbuttongroupsaredocked,meaningthattheyare
snappedintoanedgeofthescreenorthetoolbararea.Whenyouundockanitem,
youcanputitinthelocationofyourchoosing,awayfromthescreenedge.
Toundockapane,clickanddragthepanestitlebar,thatis,thebluebaratthe
topofthepanethatshowsthepanename.Toundockabuttongroup,youllneedto
clickanddragtherowoffourdotsrunningalongtheleftedgeoftheleftmostbutton
inthegroup.
Note:InthecaseoftheMessagespane,thetitlebarrunsalongtheleftedgeofthe
pane,andthenameisnotvisiblewhenthepaneisdocked.
Ifyoudragthepaneorbuttongroupintotheworkspacearea,youllseeagray
boxrepresentingthepositiontheitemwilloccupywhenyoureleasethemouse
button.Ifyoudontlikethenewposition,youcanclicktheitemstitlebaranddrag
itelsewhere,includingitsoriginalposition.
Youcanalsodockapanetoadifferentedgeofthescreen,ormovebutton
groupsaroundwithinthetoolbararea,insteadofundockingtheseitems.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 25
TheCHEMCADInterface
findthetinypushpiniconinthepanestitlebar,nexttotheXiconthatenablesyou
toclosethepane.Ifthepaneisstationary,youllseethatthepinisuprightwithits
pointdown.
Figure 3-09: The icon indicating a pinned, or stationary, pane
Ifyouclickthepinicon,thepanesuddenlydisappearsfromviewbutitisnt
gone.Instead,asmallgraytabbearingthenameofthepaletteappearsattheedgeof
thescreenwherethepaneisdocked.Toseethepanereappear,youonlyhavetoroll
yourmouseoverthattab.Whenthepaneappears,youllnoticethatthepushpin
iconisnowpointedtotheside.UsethetoolsontheCHEMCADExplorerorPalette
normally;then,whenyounolongerneedthepane,justmovethemousepointer
elsewhere.Thepanewillautomaticallyhideitselfuntilthenexttimeyourollthe
mouseoverthetab.
Figure 3-10: An unpinned pane in use; note the sideways pin icon
Torepinanunpinnedpane,pointtothetabtomakethepaneappearandthen
clickthepinicon.Thepinturnssothatitisonceagainupright,andthepaneisonce
againapermanentfixtureontheCHEMCADscreen.
Visible Grid
Youcanturnonaworkspacegridtouseasaguidewhilecreatingyourflowsheet.
SelectView>GridVisibletotogglethisfeatureonoroff.
26 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
TheCHEMCADInterface
OthergridoptionsincludeView>SnaptoGrid,whichhelpswithalignmentof
objectsontheflowsheet,andView>ChangeGridSize,whichenablesyouto
customizethehorizontalandverticalspacingofgridlines.
Note:Whenyouzoominandoutusingthescrollwheel,thefocalpointforthezoom
isthelocationofthemousepointer.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 27
TheCHEMCADInterface
28 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 4
Working with Simulation Files
AlloftheworkthatyoudowithCHEMCADisstoredinsimulationfiles.Withthe
adventofCHEMCAD6,eachdiscretesimulationispackagedintoasinglefilethatis
portableandeasytohandle.AllthedetailsofthesimulationfromUnitOp
specificationstostreamcompositiontothermodynamicsareincludedinthisfile.
ThischapterdescribesthevariouswaysthatyoucanaccessandmanageCHEMCAD
simulationfiles.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 29
WorkingwithSimulationFiles
Figure 4-01: Stand-alone CHEMCAD 6 files in the My Simulations directory
Example Files
EspeciallyifyourenewtoCHEMCAD,itsagoodideatoopenandpractice
workingwithsomeexamplefilesbeforecreatingyourownsimulations.Forthis
purpose,wevecreatednumerousexamplesofsimulationsfortypicalchemical
processes.Youcanopen,view,andeditanyexamplefile,andevensaveacopyin
anotherlocationtojumpstartasimulationofyourown.
TheCHEMCADexamplefilesareautomaticallycopiedtoyourcomputerwitha
completeCHEMCADinstallation.Theexamplesareorganizedbyprocesstypeand
locatedinthe\MyDocuments\MySimulations\Examplesdirectory.
30 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
WorkingwithSimulationFiles
Figure 4-02: Notification that a simulation is already in use
Ifyoushouldhavetroublelocatingaparticularsimulation,youcansearchyour
harddriveornetworkforallfileswitha.CC6fileextension.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 31
WorkingwithSimulationFiles
Saving a Simulation
Tosaveallchangesinasimulationthatyouhavealreadynamed,selectFile>Save
orclicktheSavebuttononthetoolbar.
Note:Insomecases,suchasthebuiltinCHEMCADexamplefiles,existingfilesmay
besetasreadonlytopreventaccidentaloverwriting.Youcansaveacopyofaread
onlyfileusingadifferentfilenameand/orfilelocation.
Tosaveanewsimulationthatyouhaventyetnamed,selectFile>SaveAs.The
SaveAsdialogboxappears,withCHEMCAD6(*.cc6)asthedefaultfiletype.Leave
thefiletypeasitis,givethefileauniquename,andifnecessarynavigatetoanew
filelocation.ClickSavetoclosethedialogboxandreturntothesavedsimulation.
Figure 4-03: Giving a new simulation a unique name
Note:UnlikepreviousversionsofCHEMCAD,thechangesyoumaketoasimulation
arenotsaveduntilyouusetheSaveorSaveAscommand.Thisoffersyougreater
flexibilityinchoosingwhichchangestosaveordiscard.
Savingandstoringallofyoursimulationsinthesamedirectoryhelpsprevent
thelosttimeandfrustrationthatcanresultwhenfilesarescatteredindifferent
locations.ItisrecommendedthatyoustoreyoursimulationsintheMySimulations
folder,whichiscreatedautomaticallywithintheMyDocumentsfolderat
installation.
32 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
WorkingwithSimulationFiles
Todothis,simplycreateasimulation,saveit,andthenselectFile>SaveAsto
renamethenextcase.Maketheneededchangesforthatcase,saveit,andcontinuein
thatveintocreateasmanyclonesofyouroriginalsimulationasneeded,with
whateverdifferencesyourequire.
E-mailing a Simulation
WithCHEMCAD6,emailingasimulationisasimplematterofaddingafile
attachment.Justopenyourpreferredemailprogram,createanewmessage,choose
yourrecipientsandaddyourtext,thenusetheprogramscommandforattachinga
file.Navigatetothefolderwherethesimulationislocated,selecttheappropriate
.CC6file,andaddthefileasanattachment.
Figure 4-04: Adding a .CC6 file as an attachment in MS Outlook
Beforeyouemailasimulation,youshouldensurethatyouhavesavedany
recentchanges.Also,itsagoodideatocheckthesizeofthefilebeforeaddingthe
attachment,assimulationfilescaninsomecasesbequitelarge.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 33
WorkingwithSimulationFiles
TobringanexistingsimulationuptodatewithCHEMCAD6,selectFile>Open,
selectthesimulation,andclickOpen.Amessagewillappear,notifyingyouthatthe
simulationwillbecopied.
Figure 4-05: Converting a CHEMCAD 5 file to the .CC6 format
ClickSavetobringuptheSaveAsdialogbox,whereyoucaneitherkeepor
changethefilesnameandselectalocationfortheCHEMCAD6copy.ClickSaveto
createandopenthenewfile.
34 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 5
Building and Using a Basic Simulation
AlthoughthetypesofsimulationsyoucancreateusingCHEMCADaremanyand
varied,thebasicprocedureforcreatingasimulationcanbebrokendownintothe
followingcommonsteps:
1. Startanewsimulation.
2. Selectengineeringunitsforthesimulation.
3. Createaflowsheetwiththeappropriatestreamsandunitoperations.
4. Selectchemicalcomponentsfortheprocess.
5. SelectKvalueandenthalpyoptionsfortheprocess.
6. Definethefeedstreamsusedintheprocess.
7. Enterspecificationsfortheunitoperations.
8. Runthesimulation.
9. Reviewtheresultsofthesimulation.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 35
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
Adding UnitOps
ToplaceaUnitOpicononyourflowsheet,followthesesteps:
1. OntheAllUnitOpspalette,findtheappropriateUnitOpiconforthe
equipmentyouwanttorepresent.Whenyoupointtotheiconwiththe
mouse,theboxaroundtheiconlightsup.ClicktheicontoselecttheUnitOp.
2. Moveyourmousecursortotheworkspacearea,notingthatthepointer
displaysanoutlineoftheUnitOpiconyouveselected.Pointtothelocation
36 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
ontheworkspacewhereyouwanttoplacetheselectedUnitOp,andthen
clickandreleasetheleftmousebutton.TheiconfortheselectedUnitOp
appearswhereyouclicked.
3. RightclicktodeselecttheUnitOpdrawingtoolandreturntoanormal
pointer.Youcannowclickintheworkspaceareawithoutdrawingduplicate
UnitOps.
Note:Iconsthatarealreadyinplaceontheflowsheetwillnotbeaffectedwhenyou
selectanewdefaulticon.
YoucanseewhichiconsofferthisfeaturebymovingyourcursorovertheAll
UnitOpspalette,notingtheboxesthatlightuparoundtheicons.AUnitOpthat
offersachoiceofdefaulticonswillhaveablacktriangleinthelowerrightcorner
whenyoupointtoitsbox.
Figure 5-01: Black triangle showing that the Divider UnitOp offers a choice of icons
ToselectanewdefaulticonforaUnitOp,clicktheblacktriangletoseeapopup
selectionboxwithallavailableicons.Clicktheiconyouwanttouse;thaticon
replacesthepreviouslydisplayedicononthepalette.Youcanchangethedefault
iconforaUnitOpasoftenasyoulike.
Figure 5-02: Selecting a new default Divider UnitOp icon
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 37
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
38 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
Figure 5-03: Stream 2 with automatic routing (above) and deliberate routing (below)
Rerouting a Stream
Evenafteryouvecompletedyourflowsheetandaddeddetailedinformationabout
yourstreams,youcanstillrerouteastreamifneeded.Todothis,clickthestreamto
selectit,thenrightclickandselectReroutestream.Theoldstreamdisappears,
replacedbythebeginningofanewstreamoriginatingatthesameoutlet.
Youcannowclicktocreate90turns,thesamewayyouwouldwithanew
stream,toroutethestreamexactlywhereyouwantit.Yourlastclickmustcomplete
thestreamatthesameinletyouusedbefore.Afterastreamisrerouted,itretainsall
ofthestreamdetailthatyouhadpreviouslyentered.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 39
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
Notethatyoucanholddownthe[SHIFT]keywhileusingthePolygontoolto
createarighttriangle.
Figure 5-04: The Select Components dialog box
TheAvailableComponentscolumnliststhecontentsoftheCHEMCAD
componentdatabase,whiletheSelectedComponentscolumnliststhecomponents
currentlyincludedinthissimulation.Foranewsimulation,theSelected
Componentslistisemptyatfirst.
Everychemicalthatwillbepartoftheprocess,whetheritsafeedstream,
product,orutility,mustbelistedonthissimulationscomponentlist.
Finding a Component
BecauseofthelargenumberofcomponentsintheCHEMCADcomponentdatabase,
scrollingupanddownthelistofavailablecomponentscanbetimeconsuming.To
findaspecificcomponentquickly,usetheSearchboxatthebottomoftheSelect
Componentsdialogbox.
TypethenameofthechemicalyouwanttofindintheSearchbox.Witheach
letterthatyoutype,CHEMCADsuggestspossiblematchesintheAvailable
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 41
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
Componentslist.Inthefollowingexample,typingtheletterswaintheSearchfield
hashighlightedtheWatercomponent.
Figure 5-05: Using the Search box to locate the Water component
TheSearchfieldacceptsbothtextandnumericentries.Bydefault,CHEMCAD
willsearchforyourentryamongallchemicalnames,chemicalformulas,
CHEMCADdatabaseIDs,andCASnumbers.Ifyouwouldprefernottosearchthis
broadly,clicktheOptionsbutton.Thisbringsupadialogboxthatenablesyouto
optoutofincludinganyoftheseitemsinyoursearches.
Figure 5-06: Selecting what to include in component searches
Note:YoucanaddyourowncustomcomponentstotheCHEMCADcomponent
database.Formoredetailsaboutthisfeature,seeChapter10ofthismanual.
Adding a Component
OnceyouvelocatedthecomponentyouwantintheAvailableComponentslist,
simplydoubleclickthecomponenttoaddittotheSelectedComponentslistforyour
simulation.
YoucanalsoselectmultiplecomponentsintheAvailableComponentslistand
thenclicktherightarrowbutton,locatedbetweenthetwocolumns,toaddthe
componentstoyoursimulation.Toselectmultiplecomponents,useWindows
standardselectionmethodsofholdingdown[SHIFT]toselectcontiguousitemsor
holdingdown[CTRL]toselectnoncontiguousitems.
42 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
Figure 5-07: Adding multiple components using the right arrow button
Ifyouwouldliketoduplicatethecomponentlistfromanexistingsimulation,
clickCopyFromAnotherSimulation.IntheresultingOpendialogbox,navigateto
thedesiredsimulation,selectthatsimulation,andclickOpen.TheSelected
Componentslistisnowpopulatedwiththecomponentsusedinthesimulationyou
selected;youcanaddordeleteitemstocustomizethelist.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 43
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
44 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
Temperatureandpressurerangewillaffecttheselectionofmodel.Ifpressureis
high,CHEMCADismorelikelytosuggestanequationofstate.Ifpressureis
atmosphericandtemperatureisbelowthenormalboilingpointofallcomponents,
CHEMCADmaychoosealiquidactivitymodeloridealvaporpressure.
Figure 5-08: The Thermodynamic Settings button on the toolbar
2. ThisopenstheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox.Startbydetermining,
basedonyourprocessknowledge,whetheryoursystemhastwoliquid
phasesorasingleliquidphase.IntheGlobalKValueOptionfield,selecta
methodthatcancalculatethephasebehaviorrelevanttoyoursystem.
3. Basedonthespecificcircumstancesofyourprocess,makeanyneeded
alterationstotheoptionsdisplayedontheKvalueModelstab.Notethatthe
optionsappropriatetoyourselectedKvaluemethodaredisplayedinblack,
whileirrelevantoptionsaredisplayedingray.
4. ClickEnthalpyModelstab,selectthemostappropriatemodelintheGlobal
EnthalpyOptionfield,andmakeanyotherchangestotheoptionsonthistab
asneededforyourprocess.
5. ClicktheTransportPropertiestabandverifythatthesettingsthereare
appropriateforthissimulation.Changeanysettingsasneededandthenclick
OKtoclosetheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox.
6. Ifyouvemadeanychanges,amessageboxappears:Allstreamsshouldbe
reinitialized.Proceedwithreinitialization?ClickYestoreinitializeallstreams
now,orNoifyoudprefertowaitandreinitializethestreamslater.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 45
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
Defining Streams
Thestreamsthatyouhavedrawnonyourflowsheetarestilljustlineswithnodata
behindthem,sothenextstepistoeditthesestreams,populatingthemwith
compositiondataandotherproperties.
Note:Inmostsituations,thestreamsyoullneedtodefinewillbethefeedstreamsin
yourprocess.Othertypesofstreams,suchasrecyclecutstreams,mayalsorequire
definition.
Youcaneditasinglefeedstreamusingeitherofthesemethods:
Doubleclickthestream.
OntheSimulationtabintheCHEMCADExplorer,expandFlowsheetand
thenStreams,rightclickthestreaminquestion,andselectEditStream.
Youcaneditallfeedstreamsintheflowsheetatonceusingeitherofthese
methods:
SelectSpecifications>FeedStreams.
ClicktheEditFeedStreamstoolbarbutton,whichdisplaysalargeredfeed
streamarrow.
Whichevermethodyouchoose,youllseetheEditStreamsdialogbox,with
eitherasinglecolumnofdataoracolumnforeachfeedstreamintheflowsheet.In
thisdialogbox,specifypropertiesforeachfeedstreamlisted.
Thermodynamic Properties
Youmustspecifyexactlytwoofthefollowingthreevariables:
TempF
Prespsia
VaporFraction
CHEMCADwillcalculatethethirdvariableandenthalpy,basedonthetwo
variablesyouspecifyandthethermodynamicsmethodyouveselected.
Stream Composition
Todefinethestreamcomposition,youllneedtospecifyacompositionunitandthe
amountofeachcomponentthatispresentinthestream.
SelectaunitfromtheCompunitdropdownlist,andthenbasedonthat
selection,populatethefieldforeachcomponentwiththeappropriateamount,
percentage,orfraction.
Forstreamcompositionsexpressedasapercentageorfraction,youcanenter
valuesthatdonottotal100%.Inthiscase,CHEMCADwillnormalizethe
46 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
compositiontofractionalvaluesthattotal1.Topreviewthenormalizedvaluesthat
CHEMCADassignstothecomponents,clickFlash.
Figure 5-09: Two different UnitOps that require very different amounts of input
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 47
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
ThedetailedinformationaboutthespecificationsforeachtypeofUnitOpis
containedintheCHEMCADHelpsystem,whichyoucanaccessfromany
CHEMCADscreenbypressingthe[F1]key.
Thesespecificationscreensdo,however,havecertainrulesincommon:
Itemswithgreentextlabelsarerequiredentries.
Allotherentriesareoptional.
ClickingOKsavesyourspecificationchanges;clickingCanceldiscardsthem.
AfteryouclickOK,CHEMCADchecksyourdataforinternalconsistencyand
thenreturnserrorsorwarningsaswarranted.TheseitemsdisplayintheMessages
paneintheCHEMCADwindow.
Note:ForpreliminarychecksofindividualUnitOpsorgroupsofUnitOps,youcan
selectRun>Run>RunSelectedUnitOp(s).
Note:CHEMCADreports,plotting,andplotprintingarecoveredindetailin
Chapter8,OutputandReports.
48 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 6
Using CHEMCAD for High-fidelity Modeling
UnitoperationspecificationsinCHEMCADvarygreatlyindetail,fromvagueand
conceptualtoextremelyspecificandrealistic.Dependingonthedemandsofyour
processandwhatyouretryingtoachievewithyoursimulation,youmayworkwith
whatwecalllowfidelitymodeling,highfidelitymodeling,orboth.
ThischapteraddressesCHEMCADscapacityforhighfidelitymodelingand
howtoachieveahighlevelofrealismwithyourUnitOps.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 49
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
Highfidelity:YouspecifyenergyandequipmentparametersandCHEMCAD
calculatestheactualresults.
Figure 6-01: The Sizing menu, showing heat exchanger sizing options
Equipmentsizingcancomplementlowfidelityresults,andoftenprovidesan
excellentstartingpointforhighfidelitymodeling.Youcanusecertainsizingresults
asinputforhighfidelitymodelsofUnitOpsinyoursimulation.Specifying
geometricparametersforUnitOpscanhelpyouobtainmorerealisticresults.
Notethatforlowfidelitymodeling,sizingdoesnotchangeconvergedflowsheet
results.Also,forsomeUnitOps,certaingeometryparametersmustbeentered
regardlessoftheselectedcalculationmode.
50 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
Piping
Youcanuseeitherloworhighfidelitymodelingforpipinginyoursimulation.
Pipelinesizingisdonebasedonthecompositionofaselectedstream.
Low-fidelity
Forlowfidelitymodelingofpiping,youarerequiredtospecifypipediameterand
lengthinmostmodes;designmodesthatcalculatediameteraretheobvious
exceptiontothis.Thepressuredropthroughthepipeiscalculatedbasedon
diameter,length,andflowratethroughthepipe.
Sizing
Toperformsizingcalculations,selectSizing>Piping.Selectoneormorestreams,
theninthePipeSizingdialogbox,selectasizingoptionandclickOKforlinesizing
results.Youcanusetheseresults,suchassuggestedpipethicknessanddiameter,to
specifygeometryforaPipeUnitOp,orsimplyreviewthemfortheinformationyou
need.
Figure 6-02: Line sizing results from the Pipe Sizing dialog box
High-fidelity
Inhighfidelitypipingmodels,PipeUnitOpsinteractwithNodeUnitOpstobalance
pressureandflowrateshydraulicallyamongconnectedpiecesofflowbased
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 51
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
equipment.NodesmustbeplacedonbothsidesofallPipeUnitOpstobeincluded
inhydraulicbalance;pressureandflowconstraintsaresetatthenodes,notinthe
pipes.
Ahighfidelitypipingmodelcanshowchangesinflowratebasedonback
pressurewheretwopipesmix,whereasalowfidelitymodelwouldsimplyassign
theloweroftwospecifiedpressurestotheoutletwithoutconsiderationforback
pressure.
Low-fidelity
Fortheseequipmenttypes,CHEMCADcalculatespowerusageandthermaleffects
onthefluid,basedonspecifiedoutputpressureorpressureincrease.Other
parameters,suchasefficiency,areoptionalbutdoaffectresults.
High-fidelity
Toproduceahighfidelitymodelfortheseequipmenttypes,youmustselectthe
operationmodeinwhichyouspecifyperformancecurvesthatis,pressurechange
asafunctionofvolumetricflowrate.Thisperformanceinformationisgenerally
availablefromtheequipmentvendor.Basedonthevolumetricflowenteringthe
UnitOp,CHEMCADcalculatesoutletpressure.
Aswithpiping,highfidelitymodelingforpumps,compressors,andexpanders
canbeusedwithnodesaspartofahydraulicflowbalancednetwork.
Low-fidelity
Withlowfidelitymodelingofavesselortank,astreamenterstheFlashUnitOpand
separatesintovaporandliquid;CHEMCADdoesnotconsiderholduporliquid
levelinthetank.Ifyouwanttotakeasteadystatesnapshotofthevessel,youcan
manuallyadjusttheflowrateand/orthermalconditionstomakevolumetricflow
ratesmatchthevolumeofthevessel.
Note:TheTankUnitOpisspecificallyintendedforusewiththeBatchColumn
UnitOp.Itdoesnotrepresentastandardstoragetankforgeneralpurposes.
52 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
Sizing
Tocalculatesizingforavessel,selectaFlashUnitOpandthenselectSizing>Vessel.
ChooseeitherLVVessel(liquidvaporvessel)orLLVVessel(liquidliquidvapor
vessel),dependingonyourneeds.Intheresultingdialogboxes,enterthe
appropriatevaluesforyourvesselandclickOK.
Figure 6-03: Sizing a vessel in CHEMCAD
TheresultsthatCHEMCADreturnsincludebasicvesselgeometrysuchasheight
anddiameter.
Youcanalsoperformvesselsizingonaconvergeddistillationcolumnto
calculategeometryforarefluxdrumorsimilarpieceofequipment.
High-fidelity
Youcanperformhighfidelitymodelingonlyonbatchreactorsanddynamicvessels,
andonlywithaCCDYNAMICSlicense(fordynamicvessels,aCCSAFETYNET
licensewillsuffice).IfyouspecifythegeometryofyourvesselanduseCHEMCADs
dynamicsmode,youcanstudywhathappensinthevesselovertimeasmaterialis
addedorwithdrawn.
Unlikesimpleflashvessels,batchreactorsanddynamicvesselsdoconsider
holdup,liquidlevel,andvariablepressureovertime.
Valves
ValvemodelinginCHEMCADcanbeeitherlowfidelityorhighfidelity.Youcan
sizeacontrolvalvebasedonanyflowsheetstream.
Low-fidelity
TheVALVUnitOpisusedforlowfidelitymodelingofavalve.Forthistypeof
UnitOp,youspecifyoutletpressureorpressuredecreasethroughthevalve.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 53
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
Sizing
SelectSizing>ControlValve,thenselectastream.IntheControlValveSizing
dialogbox,specifytheoutletpressureforthetheoreticalvalve,andenterother
specificationsasappropriate.WhenyouclickOK,CHEMCADreturnsinformation
suchascapacitycoefficient(Cv)andvalvesize.
High-fidelity
TheCVALUnitOpisusedforhighfidelityvalvemodeling.Decidewhichvalues
youwillprovideandwhichvaluesCHEMCADwillcalculate,andselectthe
appropriateoperatingmodeintheControlValvedialogbox.ProvidethevalvesCv
value,andanyotherspecificationsasneeded.
Controlvalvescanbeusedwithnodesaspartofahydraulicflowbalanced
network.
Columns
ColumnsinCHEMCADcanbemodeledaseitherlowfidelityorhighfidelity.You
canperformsizingonanyconvergedcolumn.
Low-fidelity
Forlowfidelitymodelingofcolumns,usetheTower,TowerPlus,orSCDSUnitOps.
Specifyidealstagesandtheconditionsatthereboilerandcondenser,asapplicable.
Alowfidelitycolumnmodeldoesnotconsidermasstransfereffectsorcolumn
internals.
Differentcolumnspecificationscanprovidemorerealismwithouttaking
geometryintoaccount.Specifyingtoppurityisaverylowfidelitymodel,while
specifyingrefluxratioorcondenserdutycanbringyourresultsclosertoreality.
Sizing
Afterrunningyoursimulation,clicktheUnitOprepresentingthedistillationcolumn
andselectSizing>Distillation;chooseeitherTraysorPacking,basedonthetypeof
column.
Theresultingdialogboxespromptyoutoenterinformationaboutyourtraysor
packingandthecalculationmethodsyouwanttouseforcolumnsizing.Youwill
54 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
generallyneedtoentersomegeometryandhydraulicparameterstocomplete
columnsizing.
Figure 6-04: Specifying high-level tray data for distillation column sizing
Figure 6-05: Specifying detailed tray data
Basedonflowsheetvaluesandyoursizinginput,CHEMCADreturnscolumn
geometryinformationsuchasheightanddiameter.Italsoprovideshydraulic
performanceinformationsuchaspredictedamountofflooding.
Note:Theresultsofcolumnsizingcalculationsdonotinteractivelychangetheresults
oftheflowsheetsimulation.
High-fidelity
Toperformhighfidelitymodelingofadistillationcolumninsteadystate,usethe
SCDSUnitOpandselecteitherofthemasstransfersimulationmodelsforthe
column.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 55
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
Youwillneedtospecifygeometryforthecolumnandchooseacalculation
methodfortheselectedmasstransfermodel.CHEMCADcalculatescolumn
performancebasedonyourpackingortrayspecifications.
Forcolumns,masstransferbasedmodelingperformsrigorousnonequilibrium
mixingofvaporandliquid,whereaslowfidelitymodelingassumesidealmixing.
Toperformhighfidelitymodelingofadistillationcolumnindynamics,specify
thegeometryofthecolumnanddetailsaboutthecontrolsystem.Thisdynamic
distillationcanconsidercolumnholdupandtheeffectofvariableschangingover
time.
Note:TheShortcutColumnUnitOpisnotarigorouscalculationmodel.Unlessyour
systemsatisfiestheconstantmolarunderflowassumption,youshouldconsider
usingadifferenttypeofdistillationcolumn.
Heat Exchangers
Whenspecifyingaheatexchangerinasimulation,youcanuseeitherloworhigh
fidelitymodelingaswellassizing,dependingonthetypeofheatexchanger
involved.
Low-fidelity
Whencreatingasimulation,youcanusealowfidelityapproachbysimply
specifyingthethermalconditionscomingoutoftheexchanger.Specifyingheatduty
insteadofmerelyanoutlettemperaturebringsyourresultsclosertoreality,butthis
approachstilldoesntconsidergeometry.
Sizing
YoucanusetheCCTHERMmoduleforrigorouscalculationofheattransfer
coefficient(U)basedonheatexchangergeometry.Inratingmode,CCTHERM
determineswhethertheuserspecifiedheatexchangeriscapableoftheflowsheet
heatexchangerperformance.Indesignmode,CCTHERMcalculatesanexchanger
designthatiscapableoftheflowsheetperformance.
High-fidelity
Forsomeexchangercategoriesspecificallyshellandtubeanddoublepipeyou
canusetherigorousCCTHERMmodeltocalculateheatexchangerperformance.
TheflowsheetresultsarebasedonrigorouslycalculatedUvalueandthespecified
exchangergeometry.Youcanalsodetermineapproximatefoulingofaunitifactual
outlettemperaturesareknown.
56 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
Figure 6-06: Heat exchanger summary report generated as an Excel worksheet
Relief Devices
Forreliefdevices,sizingisnotnecessarilydistinctfromlowfidelitymodeling.To
modeldynamicreliefofavessel,youcaninsteadusehighfidelitymodeling.
Low-fidelity
Tomodelasteadystatesnapshotofareliefdevice,selectSizing>ReliefDevice,
specifyratingordesignmode,andselecttheappropriateoptionsforyourrelief
scenario.WhenyouclickOK,CHEMCADreturnsareliefdevicecalculation
summary.
IfyouselecttheRigorousintegralanalysisdesignmethodwhensizingarelief
device,youwillobtainamoredynamicresult.
Figure 6-07: Selecting the rigorous integral analysis method for relief device design
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 57
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
High-fidelity
YoucanperformhighfidelityreliefdevicemodelingfortheBatchReactorand
DynamicVesselUnitOps.Youcanspecifythereliefdevicenozzlearea,aswellas
otherspecificationsforyourreliefscenario.Thisenablesyoutostudythedynamic
reliefofthevessel.
License Settings
IfyouvejustaddedmodulestoyourCHEMCADlicense,youshouldreturntothe
LicenseSettingsscreentochangesettingsbeforeproceeding.
SelectTools>Options>LicenseSettings(ifasimulationisopen)orLicense>
LicenseSettings(ifnosimulationisopen)tobringuptheLicenseSettingsscreen.
MovethesliderforeachnewlyinstalledmoduletoAsNeededandthenclickOKto
applyyourchanges.
YoumayseeaTraceMessageswindow;ifoneappears,clickOKtocloseit.The
nextscreenthatappearsistheLicensesinUsescreen,whereyoucanreviewthelist
ofCHEMCADproductsforwhichyoucurrentlyhavelicenses.ClickOKtoclosethis
screenandreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
58 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 7
Building and Using a Dynamic Simulation
Whilesteadystatemodelingcanprovidealloftheinformationyouneedformany
purposes,itsofteninformativetolookcloselyatthechangesovertimethataffect
yourstreamsandequipment.CHEMCADsCCDYNAMICSmodulemakesit
possibletosimulateaprocessovertime.
Licensing Considerations
Tousethefunctionalitydescribedinthischapter,youmusthaveavalidlicensefor
theCCDYNAMICSmoduleofCHEMCAD.
IfyoudontcurrentlyhaveaccesstothedynamicsfeaturesandwanttoaddCC
DYNAMICStoyourcopyofCHEMCAD,contactthepersonwithinyour
organizationwhohandlessoftwarelicensing,orifappropriate,youcancontact
ChemstationsoraCHEMCADdistributordirectly.Foracompletelistof
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 59
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
ChemstationscontactsandCHEMCADdistributorsforallpartsoftheglobe,seeour
website(www.chemstations.com/contact.htm).
License Settings
IfyouvejustaddedCCDYNAMICStoyourCHEMCADlicense,youllneedto
returntotheLicenseSettingsscreentochangeasettingbeforeyoucanrundynamic
simulations.
SelectTools>Options>LicenseSettings(ifasimulationisopen)orLicense>
LicenseSettings(ifnosimulationisopen)tobringuptheLicenseSettingsscreen.
MovethesliderforCCDYNAMICStoAsNeededandthenclickOKtoapplyyour
change.
YoumayseeaTraceMessageswindow;ifoneappears,clickOKtocloseit.The
nextscreenthatappearsistheLicensesinUsescreen,whereyoucanreviewthe
CHEMCADproducts(includingCCDYNAMICS)forwhichyoucurrentlyhave
licenses.ClickOKtoclosethisscreenandreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
60 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
11. Runthesimulationindynamics.
12. Reviewtheresults.
13. Rerunorextendthesimulationasneeded.
14. Generateplotsandreportsasneeded.
Beforeyoustartworkingonadynamicsimulation,itsimportanttohaveas
muchinformationaboutyourprocessaspossible,aclearideaofwhatyouwantto
findout,andastrategyforproducingtheresultsyouneed.
Switching to Dynamics
Followthesestepstoswitchasimulationfromsteadystatetodynamicoperation:
1. OpenthesimulationandselectRun>Convergence.Thisbringsupthe
ConvergenceParametersdialogbox.
2. Inthelowerrightportionofthedialogbox,clickintheSteady
State/DynamicsfieldandselectDynamics.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 61
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
Figure 7-01: Switching to dynamics
3. ClickOKtosavethechangesandclosethedialogbox.
Afteryouswitchtodynamics,youllnoticethatafewthingshavechangedon
theCHEMCADscreen:
ThestatusbaratthebottomofthemainCHEMCADwindowchanges.Afew
inchesfromtherightedgeofthescreen,insteadofthewordsSteadyState,
youllnowseeDTimeandatimecounterdisplayingthenumberofminutes
yoursimulationhasrun.Beforeyourunthesimulation,theDTimesetting
displays0:00min.
ThesteadystateRunAllbuttononthetoolbarisdisabled,andthedynamics
buttonsarenowactivated.Thesebuttons,showninFigure702,are(leftto
right)SetRunTime,ResettoInitialState,RunDynamicSimulation,Plot
DynStreams,andPlotDynUnitOps.
Figure 7-02: Toolbar buttons for dynamics
62 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
YoucannowselectRun>DynamicstobringuptheDynamicsMenu.This
windowprovidesconvenientaccesstoalldynamicssettingsandcommands.
Figure 7-03: The Dynamics Menu
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 63
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
Onceyouknowhowmanystepsyouneedtouseandwhatyourdatacapture
intervalwillbeforeachstep,followthesestepstosettheruntimeparameters:
1. ClickSetRunTimeontheDynamicsMenu,orclicktheSetRunTime
buttononthetoolbar.ThisbringsuptheDynamicRunTimeScheduledialog
box.
Figure 7-04: The General tab on the Dynamic Run Time Schedule dialog box
2. OntheGeneraltab,setthenumberofoperationstepsyouplantouse,or
leavethedefaultsettingof1.Themaximumnumberofstepsthatyoucan
specifyis10.
Note:Whenyouinitiallysetupdynamicsforasimulation,theCurrenttimedisplay
fieldonthistabwillbeempty.Afterthesimulationhasrun,thisfielddisplaysthe
totaltimeofacompletedrunorthecurrenttimeofaninterruptedrun.
3. NowclicktheStep1tabandspecifytheparametersforthisportionofthe
dynamicrun.EnterthetotaltimeforthisdynamicstepintheRuntimefield,
andtheintervalinminutesintheStepsizefield.
Figure 7-05: The Step 1 tab on the Dynamic Run Time Schedule dialog box
4. Ifyouhaveotherstepstospecify,clickeachtabinturnandentertheRun
timeandStepsizeinformation.
5. Whenyouhavespecifiedallsteps,clickOKtoreturntothemain
CHEMCADwindow.
64 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
TheDynamicRunTimeScheduledialogboxalsoallowsforconditionsother
thantimetodeterminethedurationofadynamicoperationstep.Ifyouselect
StreamorEquipmentinsteadofthedefaultTimeoption,youcanspecifyastream
orUnitOpparameterthatwilltriggertheendofthisstep,ifthatparameteris
reachedbeforethestepsruntimeisup.
Figure 7-06: The Record Streams dialog box
3. Whenyouhaveselectedallthestreamsyouwanttorecord,clickOKto
returntotheDynamicsMenu.
4. NowclicktheRecordUnitOpsbutton.IntheRecordUnitOpsdialogbox,
selectUnitOpsinthesamewaythatyouselectedstreamsinstep2.
5. ClickOKtoreturntotheDynamicsMenu.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 65
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
Note:InboththeRecordStreamsandRecordUnitOpsdialogboxes,youcanusethe
RunTimePlotcheckboxestoincludeselecteditemsinarealtimeplot.Selecting
itemsforruntimeplottingleadstoanotherdialogbox(eitherDynamicStreamPlot
OptionsorDynamicEquipmentPlotOptions),whereyoucanselectplotspecificsfor
eachstreamorUnitOp.Itisrecommendedthatyouuseruntimeplottingin
moderation,astoomanystreamsandUnitOpscanbecomevisuallyconfusingand
slowdowncalculationsconsiderably.
Note:Atanypointduringadynamicrun,youcanpressthe[ESC]keyonyour
keyboardtostoptherunafterthecurrentcalculation.Whenyoudothis,youwillsee
aPrograminterruptedmessage.ClickOKtoclosethemessagebox,andtheneither
inspectyourrunresultsorselectaruncommandtocontinue.
66 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
Figure 7-07: Convergence Parameters setting to run one step at a time
Figure 7-08: A UnitOp specification dialog box during a dynamic run
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 67
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
Toreturnthesimulationtoitsinitialstatealsoknownastimezeroclickthe
ResettoInitialStatebuttonontheDynamicsMenu,orusetheResettoInitialState
buttononthemainCHEMCADtoolbar.
Note:Anadvancedfeaturetoallowspecificationeditingatanytimeisavailable,but
shouldbeusedwithextremecautiontoavoidconfusionandunintendedresults.
ThisfeatureiscontrolledbyacheckboxontheConvergenceParametersdialogbox.
68 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
Afterrunningadynamicsimulation,youcanviewthedatabehindany
flowsheetstreamorUnitOptoseetheeffectsoftheruncalculations.Doubleclick
anystreamorUnitOpontheflowsheettoreviewitsendofrunvalues.
Youcanalsostoptoreviewflowsheetdatainthemiddleofarun,eitherbyusing
theRunonetimestepfordynamicsimulationoptionorbypressing[ESC]topause
arun.Oncetherunhasstopped,youcandoubleclickanystreamorUnitOpto
reviewitscurrentvalues.
Note:FortheDynamicStreamHistoryandDynamicUnitOpHistoryplots,besure
torecordthestreamsandUnitOpsthatyouwanttostudy.Youcanonlyrequest
theseplotsforrecordedstreamsorUnitOps.
DynamicStreamHistory:Thisreportprovidesstreamhistoriesforaspecific
streamthatyouselect,basedontheintervalthatyouspecifyandincluding
thecompositions,components,andstreampropertiesthatyouselect.
DynamicUnitOpHistory:Thisreportprovidesdetailedinformationabouta
dynamicUnitOpinthesimulation,basedontheintervalthatyouspecifyand
includingtheUnitOpparametersthatyouselect.
Note:FortheDynamicStreamHistoryandDynamicUnitOpHistoryreports,besure
torecordthestreamsandUnitOpsthatyouwanttostudy.Youcanonlyrequest
thesereportsforrecordedstreamsorUnitOps.
70 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 8
Output and Reports
OneofCHEMCADsgreateststrengthsisitscapacitytoprovidedetailed,
customizedinformationaboutequipment,streams,andprocesses.Youcancreate
customreportsfromsimulations,specsheetsforUnitOps,anddataboxesforprocess
flowdiagrams,andyoucanplotorprintanyoftheseitemsinthemostappropriate
format.
Text Reports
CHEMCADcanproduceawidearrayofcustomizabletextbasedsimulationreports,
basedonstreamdata,UnitOpdata,flowsheetdata,ordynamics.Ifyouprefer,you
canproduceoneconsolidatedreportincorporatingalloftheavailabletextreport
data.
Report Setup
Beforeyourun,view,orprintreports,youshouldcheckthesettingsthatdetermine
whichprogramsCHEMCADwillusetodisplayandprintyourreports.
Forindividualtextreports,youcanchoosetouseeitherWordPadorExcel.By
default,CHEMCADusesWordPad.ToswitchtoExcel,selectTools>Options>
ReportViewerSettingsandthenchecktheboxcalledUseMicrosoftExcelinsteadof
WordPad.ClickOKtoreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
Fortheconsolidatedreport,youcanuseeitherWordorExcel.Tochoosea
programtodisplayandprintthisreport,selectReport>ConsolidatedReport,then
clickReportFormatatthetopoftheConsolidatedReportmenu.Thisbringsupthe
ReportFormatdialogbox.Choosewhetheryouwantyourconsolidatedreport
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 71
OutputandReports
resultstoappearinaWorddocumentoranExcelworkbookfile,andthenclickOK
toapplyyourchange.
Stream-based Reports
AnumberofCHEMCADreportsareavailabletoanalyzestreamdatafroma
simulation.Toaccessanyofthefollowingreports,selecttheappropriateitemfrom
theReportmenu.TheresultswilldisplayineitherWordPadorExcel,dependingon
howyouveconfiguredCHEMCADtohandletextreports.
Note:Bydefault,thesereportswillusetheengineeringunitsyouselectedwhen
buildingthissimulation.Youcan,however,usedifferentflowrateunitswhen
runningreports.Tochangeflowrateunitsforreporting,selectReport>SetFlow
Units.IntheViewFlowRateUnitdialogbox,selecttheunitsyouwanttouseand
thenclickOK.Thenexttimeyourunstreamcompositionorpropertyreports,the
unitsthatyouveselectedherewillbethedefaultsetting;youcanchangetheflow
rateunitsagainasneeded.
Stream Groups
Forstreamcompositionandpropertyreports,youcancreatecustomstreamgroups
withinasimulationtostreamlineyourreportrequests.
Forexample,ifyouhaveaprocessthatinvolvestendifferentfeedstreams,and
youfrequentlyrunreportsonthisgroupofstreams,youcansetupagroup
consistingofjustthosestreams.Then,wheneveryouwanttoobtaincompositionor
propertydataforthosestreams,yourejustafewclicksawayanytimethesimulation
isopen.
ThequickestwaytosetupanygroupistousetheCHEMCADExplorer.Follow
thesestepstocreateastreamgroup:
1. IntheCHEMCADExplorerpane,findthetoplevelitemcalledGroups.Click
theplussignnexttoGroupstoexpandthisitem.
Figure 8-01: Expanding the Groups item in CHEMCAD Explorer
2. NowrightclicktheStreamsitemunderGroupsandselectNew.
72 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
OutputandReports
Figure 8-02: Creating a new stream group
3. IntheNewGroupdialogbox,replacethedefaultname(suchasGroup1)
withadescriptivenameforyourgroup,thenclickOK.
Figure 8-03: Naming the new stream group
4. IntheEditStreamGroupdialogbox,selectthestreamsforthisgroup,either
bytypinginthestreamnumbers(oneperline)orbyclickingonstreamsin
theflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogbox.
5. Assoonasyoufinishcreatingthegroup,itsnameappearsunderStreamsin
theCHEMCADExplorer.Fromhere,youcanrightclickthegroupnameand
selectanyofthefollowing:
View/Edit:OpentheEditStreamGroupdialogbox,whereyoucanadd
ordeletestreamnumberstoincludeinthegroup.
Rename:OpentheRenameGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanew
nameforthestreamgroup.
Copy:OpentheCopyGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanew
groupnametomakeanexactcopyofthestreamgroup.Afteryouclick
OK,youcantheneditthenewcopyofthegrouptofityourneeds.
Delete:Removethisstreamgroupfromthesimulation.Ifyouresure
aboutdeletingthegroup,clickYesinthedialogboxthatappears.
Composition:Runaninstantstreamcompositionreportforthestreams
inthegroup.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 73
OutputandReports
Properties:Runaninstantstreampropertiesreportforthestreamsinthe
group.
Figure 8-04: Right-click menu options for custom stream group
Note:Thecommandstocreate,edit,andremovestreamgroupsarealsoofferedon
theReportmenu,underbothStreamCompositionsandStreamProperties.
Stream Compositions
Youcanrunastreamcompositionreportbasedonallstreams,oryoucanspecify
whichstreamstoinclude.Torunastreamcompositionreport,selectReport>
StreamCompositionsandthenselectfromthefollowingoptions:
SelectStreams:ChoosethestreamsyouwanttoincludeintheSelectStreams
dialogbox,eitherbytypinginthestreamnumbers(oneperline)orby
clickingonstreamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxand
displaythereport.
AllStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallstreamcompositiondatafortheentire
flowsheet.
FeedStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreamcompositiondataonlyforstreams
issuingfromaFeediconontheflowsheet.
ProductStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreamcompositiondataonlyfor
streamsterminatinginaProducticonontheflowsheet.
74 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
OutputandReports
UnitStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallinletandoutletstreamcomposition
dataforaspecifiedUnitOpontheflowsheet.IfnoUnitOpiconisselected
whenyourunthereport,youllseetheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox;typethe
UnitOpIDorclicktheUnitOpontheflowsheetandthenclickOKtodisplay
thedata.IfyouselectaUnitOpiconbeforerunningthereport,thedatawill
displaywithoutfurtherinput.
Youcanquicklydisplaystreamcompositionforasinglestreamatanytime,
simplybyrightclickingthestreamintheflowsheetandselectingView
Composition.
Stream Properties
Beforerunningreportsonstreamproperties,youllneedtospecifywhichproperties
toinclude.Todothis,selectReport>StreamProperties>SelectProperties.This
openstheViewPropertyOptionsdialogbox,whereyoucanreviewwhich
propertiesarecurrentlyselected.
Ifyouwanttoaddanyproperties,checktheappropriateboxes;toremove
properties,clickoncheckedboxestoclearthem.Ifapplicable,clicktheCrude/Solids
tab,andmakeanychangestothepropertiesonthattab.ClickOKtoreturntothe
mainCHEMCADwindow.
Torunastreampropertiesreportforthepropertiesyouvespecified,select
Report>StreamPropertiesandthenselectfromthefollowingoptions:
SelectStreams:ChoosethestreamsyouwanttoincludeintheSelectStreams
dialogbox,eitherbytypinginthestreamnumbers(oneperline)orby
clickingonstreamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxand
displaythereport.
AllStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallstreampropertydatafortheentire
flowsheet.
FeedStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreampropertydataonlyforstreams
issuingfromaFeediconontheflowsheet.
ProductStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreampropertydataonlyforstreams
terminatinginaProducticonontheflowsheet.
UnitStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallinletandoutletstreampropertydata
foraspecifiedUnitOpontheflowsheet.IfnoUnitOpiconisselectedwhen
yourunthereport,youllseetheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox;typetheUnitOp
IDorclicktheUnitOpontheflowsheetandthenclickOKtodisplaythe
data.IfyouselectaUnitOpiconbeforerunningthereport,thedatawill
displaywithoutfurtherinput.
Youcanquicklydisplaystreampropertiesforasinglestreamatanytime,simply
byrightclickingthestreamintheflowsheetandselectingViewProperties.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 75
OutputandReports
Pseudocomponent Curves
Foratextreportonpseudocomponentcurves(alsoknownasdistillationcurves),
selectReport>PseudocomponentCurves.Selectoneormorestreamscontaining
hydrocarbons,eitherbytypinginstreamnumbers(oneperline)orbyclickingon
streamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtodisplaythereport.
UnitOp-based Reports
CHEMCADcanalsorunreportstoanalyzeUnitOpdata.Toaccessthesereports,
selecttheappropriateitemfromtheReportmenu.Theresultswilldisplayineither
WordPadorExcel,dependingonhowyouveconfiguredCHEMCADtohandletext
reports.
UnitOp Groups
FortheUnitOpsreport,youcancreatecustomUnitOpgroupswithinasimulation.
Muchliketheirstreambasedcounterparts,UnitOpgroupscansaveyoutimeand
effortwhenrequestingreports;inaddition,youcanusethesegroupswhenrunning
yoursimulation,toisolateandrunonlyselectedUnitOpsfordiagnosticorother
reasons.
Note:BecauseofthisotherfunctionalityofUnitOpgroups,theorderinwhichyou
listUnitOpIDswhensettingupthesegroupsisimportant.
ThequickestwaytosetupanygroupistousetheCHEMCADExplorer.Follow
thesestepstocreateaUnitOpgroup:
1. IntheCHEMCADExplorerpane,underGroups,rightclicktheUnitOps
itemandselectNew.
2. IntheNewGroupdialogbox,replacethedefaultname(suchasGroup1)
withadescriptivenameforyourUnitOpgroupandthenclickOK.
Figure 8-05: Naming the new UnitOp group
3. IntheEditUnitOpSequenceGroupdialogbox,selecttheUnitOpsforthis
group,eitherbytypingintheUnitOpIDs(oneperline)orbyclickingon
76 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
OutputandReports
UnitOpiconsintheflowsheet.AddUnitOpsintheordertheyruninthe
simulation.ClickOKtoclosethedialogbox.
Assoonasyoufinishcreatingthegroup,itsnameappearsunderUnitOpsinthe
CHEMCADExplorer.Fromhere,youcanrightclickthegroupnameandselectany
ofthefollowing:
View/Edit:OpentheEditUnitOpSequenceGroupdialogbox,whereyou
canaddordeleteUnitOpsorreordertheexistinglist.
Rename:OpentheRenameGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanew
nameforthegroup.
Copy:OpentheCopyGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanewgroup
nametomakeanexactcopyoftheUnitOpgroup.AfteryouclickOK,you
cantheneditthenewcopyofthegrouptofityourneeds.
Delete:RemovethisUnitOpgroupfromthesimulation.Ifyouresureabout
deletingthegroup,clickYesinthedialogboxthatappears.
Run:RunthesimulationonlyforthoseUnitOpsincludedinthisgroup.
View:DisplayasummaryreportoftheUnitOpsincludedinthisgroup.
Specifications:BringuptheUnitOpspecificationdialogboxesforeachitem
intheUnitOpgroup,startingwiththefirstUnitOplisted.
Note:Thecommandstoadd,edit,andremoveUnitOpgroupsarealsoofferedonthe
ReportmenuunderUnitOps.
Select UnitOps
TorunareportthatcoversjusttheUnitOpsyouspecify,selectReport>UnitOps>
SelectUnitOps.IntheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox,specifytheUnitOpsyouwantto
includeinthereport,eitherbytypingintheUnitOpIDs(oneperline)orbyclicking
onUnitOpsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxanddisplaythereport.
IfyouselectaUnitOpiconbeforerunningthereport,thedatawilldisplay
withoutfurtherinput.
Spec Sheet
ThiscommandexportsdetailedinformationaboutaUnitOpintoapreformatted
Excelworksheet.Thisreportisusefulfortaskssuchassolicitingamanufacturing
quoteforapieceofequipment.
TocreateaspecsheetforallUnitOpsontheflowsheet,selectReport>Spec
Sheet>AllUnits.
TocreateaspecsheetonlyforspecificUnitOps,selectReport>SpecSheet>
SelectUnit.ChoosetheUnitOpsyouwanttoincludeintheSelectUnitOps
dialogbox,eitherbytypingintheUnitOpIDs(oneperline)orbyclickingon
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 77
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UnitOpiconsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxanddisplay
thespecsheet.
ForasingleUnitOpspecsheet,youcanselecttheUnitOpiconbefore
runningthereport;Excelwillopenandthedatawilldisplaywithoutfurther
input.
Note:ForspecsheetsthatincludemultipleUnitOps,CHEMCADcreatesaseparate
worksheetforeachUnitOpsdatawithintheExcelfilethatCHEMCADcreates.
Distillation
Torunadistillationreport,selectReport>Distillationandthenselectoneofthe
following:
TowerProfiles:Generatesareportdetailingtemperature,pressure,andflow
rateforadistillationcolumn
TrayCompositions:Createsareportthatshowsthevaporflowrate,liquid
flowrate,andKvalueofeachcomponentoneachstageofadistillation
column
TrayProperties:Reportsoncurrentlyselectedstreampropertiesforeach
stageofadistillationcolumn
TowerMassTransfer:ForanSCDSdistillationcolumnthatusesamass
transfermodel,providesmasstransfercoefficients,heightoftransferunits,
andestimatedheightoftheoreticalplates(HETP)
DynamicColumnHistory:Providesdatafromasingledynamicrunofa
column(describedindetailinChapter7,BuildingandUsingaDynamic
Simulation)
ColumnDiagnosis:Forcolumnsthathavenotsuccessfullyconverged,
providesrecommendationsforchangingcolumnsettingstoachieve
convergence
Flowsheet-based Reports
InadditiontoreportsthatfocusonparticularUnitOpsandstreams,CHEMCAD
offerstextreportsthatprovideinformationaboutthesimulationasawhole.To
accessanyofthesereports,selecttheappropriateitemfromtheReportmenu.
Topology
ThisreportprovidesalistingofallUnitOpsintheflowsheet,aswellasallstream
originsanddestinations.
Thermodynamics
Thisreportlistsallcomponentsusedinthesimulationandprovidesvital
informationaboutthethermodynamicsmethodsused.
78 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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Dynamics Reports
TheReportmenuprovidesaccesstotheBatchResultsandDynamicscommands,
whichprovidereportsaboutnonsteadystreamprocesses.
Batch Results
Thisreportsummarizestheresultsofabatchdistillationcolumnsimulationatthe
endofeachoperatingstep.
Dynamics
YoucanaccessthreedifferentreportsbyselectingReport>Dynamics:Dynamic
ColumnHistory,DynamicStreamHistory,andDynamicUnitOpHistory.These
reportsaredescribedindetailinChapter7,BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation.
Consolidated Report
Youcanrunanycombinationofthetextbasedreportsdescribedaboveasasingle
operation,byselectingReport>ConsolidatedReport.Thisbringsupthe
ConsolidatedReportmenu.
Figure 8-06: The Consolidated Report menu
Fromthismenu,youcanspecifystreams,UnitOps,andstreampropertiesto
include;chooseflow,composition,anddistillationoptions;andselectsettingsfor
heatcurvesandbatchanddynamicoptions.
Tooptimizeyourconsolidatedsimulationreport,beginatSelectStreamsand
clickeachbuttoninturn,customizingeachdialogboxwithyourownsettingsand
clickingOKtoapplyyourchanges.Whenyouhaveworkedyourwaydownthe
menuandsetalloftheoptionstosuityourreportingneeds,clickCalculateand
GiveResults.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 79
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Graphical Reports
Inadditiontotextbasedreports,CHEMCADoffersawidevarietyofgraphicalplots
thatyoucanviewonscreenorprintforreview.
TPXY
Thisselectiongeneratesvaporliquidequilibriumcurvesbetweenanytwo
components,withanoptionalthirdcomponent.YoucanincludeTPXY,TXY,activity
coefficient,andfugacitycoefficientcurves.
Binary LLE
Thisselectiongeneratesliquidliquidequilibriumcurvesbetweenanytwo
components.
Binodal Plot
Thisselectiongeneratesaternaryphasediagramshowingthedistributionofthree
selectedcomponentsintwoliquidphases,includingtielinesandplaitpoint.
Binodal/Residue Curves
Thisselectioncreatesaplotthatcombinesthecurvesfromabinodalplotanda
residuecurveplot.Thisisusefulwhenworkingwithheterogeneousazeotropic
distillation.
Residue Curves
Thisselectiongeneratesandplotsagraphicaldisplayofdistillationzones,
azeotropes,andresiduecurvesassociatedwithauserspecifiedternarymixture.
Flowsheet-based Graphs
Toviewgraphicalreportsthatreflectyouroverallsimulation,selectoneofthe
followingfromthePlotmenu:
StreamProperties:Plotsoneselectedstreampropertyforaselectedstreamin
theflowsheet
PhaseEnvelopes:Plotsaphaseenvelopeforagivenstream,highlightingthe
criticalpointofthemixture;canincludeplotsatvaporfractionsotherthan0
(bubblepointcurve)and1(dewpointcurve)
CompositeCurves:Plotscompositeheatcurvesfortheentireflowsheet,as
wellasoptionalheatcurvesforindividualUnitOps
80 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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PseudocomponentCurves:Displaysaplotofoneormoredistillationcurves
forastream
UnitOp-based Plots
CHEMCADoffersseveralplotsthatdisplaydataforasingleUnitOp.Toaccessany
oftheseplots,selectPlot>UnitOpPlotsandthenselectoneofthefollowing
options.
Tower Profiles
Thisselectionplotscompositions,temperature,andflowprofilesfordistillation
columns.
Heat Curves
Thisselectionplotsheatingandcoolingcurvesforaselectedheatexchanger.
Pipe Profile
ThisselectionplotsfluidpropertiesforpipeUnitOpsalongtheaxiallengthofthe
pipe.Thisplotrequiresthatthepipecontainmultiplesegments.
Controller Convergence
Forcontrollersthathavenotconverged,thisplotenablesyoutodiagnosethe
controllerbehaviorthatispreventingconvergence.Theplotshowshowthe
controllererrorfunctionchangeswithiteration.
Dynamic Plots
CHEMCADoffersaseriesofplotsforusewithdynamicoperations.SelectPlot>
DynamicPlotstoaccessanyofsixgraphicaldynamicsreports.
TheseplotsaredescribedindetailinChapter7,BuildingandUsingaDynamic
Simulation.
User-specified File
IfyouhavecustomizedCHEMCADusingVBA,C++,orotherprogramming
languages,youcansaveplotdataintoatextfileandusethisfeaturetodisplaythat
dataasacurve.
SelectPlot>UserSpecifiedFiletobringupamessageboxthatprovides
instructionsonhowtoformatthetextfile.ClickOKtocontinuetoanOpendialog
box,whereyoucanselectthetextfileyouwanttouse.WhenyouclickOpen,the
curveisplottedanddisplayed.
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Flowsheet Databoxes
CHEMCADoffersfourtypesofdataboxes:
StreamBox:Liststhestreamsthatyouselectinasingletable,alongwiththe
streampropertiesthatyouchoosetoinclude
UnitOpBox:GeneratesaseparatedataboxforeachselectedUnitOp
TPBox:Generatesseparatesummarydataboxesforselectedstreams
ExcelRangeBox:ReferencesarangeofcellsfromanExcelworksheet
Stream Boxes
Tocreateastreamdatabox,startbyselectingFormat>AddStreamBox.Fromthe
SelectStreamsdialogbox,followthesesteps:
1. Determinewhichstreamstoincludeinthedatabox,usingoneofthree
methods:
ChecktheAllstreamsboxtoincludeallstreamsonyourflowsheet,then
clickOK.
Typethenumbersofthestreamsyouwanttoincludeintotheboxes
provided,thenclickOK.
ChecktheSelectstreamsfromflowsheetbox,clickOK,andthenchoosethe
streamsyouwanttoincludebyclickingtheactualstreamlineswithyour
primarymousebutton.Streamnumbersthatyouselectwillappearinthe
SelectStreamsdialogbox;totoggleaselectedstreamoff,justclickit
82 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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again.Whenyouveselectedallthestreamsyouwant,clickOKto
continue.
2. AnyoftheseselectionmethodswillbringyoutotheDataboxProperty
Optionsdialogbox.Here,youcanselectwhichstreampropertiesyouwant
toincludeonthestreamdatabox.Youcankeepthedefaultsettings,orturn
anycheckboxonorofftocustomizeyourdatabox.
Note:Theselectionsyoumakeherewillbethedefaultselectionsthenexttimeyou
createastreamdataboxforthissimulation.
InadditiontothemainGeneraltab,notetheCrude/Solidtab,whichyoucan
clicktoselectcrudeoilstreampropertiesorsolidstreamproperties.When
youveselectedthestreampropertiesyouwant,clickOKtocontinue.
3. IntheDataboxSettingsdialogbox,youcanchoosethefontstyleandsizefor
yourdataboxtext,aswellaswhethertoincludehorizontallinesorhorizontal
sectiondividersinthedatabox.ClickOKtoplacethedataboxonyour
workspace.
Aswithflowsheetelements,youcanmove,stretch,orresizeadataboxusing
yourmouse.
UnitOp Boxes
TheprocedureforcreatingUnitOpdataboxesissimilartothatusedtocreatestream
databoxes,withthechiefdifferencebeingthatthereisnoselectionofUnitOp
properties.
BeginbyselectingFormat>AddUnitOpBox,andtheneitherenterUnitOpIDs
orchecktheboxtoselectUnitOpsfromtheflowsheet.Notethatyoudonthavethe
optionofautomaticallyincludingallUnitOps,asyoudidwithstreams.
WhenyoucompleteyourselectionsandclickOK,theDataboxSettingsdialog
boxappears,withthesameformattingoptionsthatareavailableforstream
databoxes.Changeanysettingsyouwanthere,andthenclickOKtoplacethe
requesteddataboxesonyourworkspace.
Unlikeastreamdatabox,whichdisplaysdataformultipleitemsinasinglebox,a
UnitOpdataboxdisplaysdataonlyforasingleUnitOp.Ifyouselectedthree
UnitOpsintheUnitOpIDsdialogbox,youllseethreeseparatedataboxesappear
whenyouclickOK.Ifyouseeonlyonedataboxatfirst,trymovingthatboxto
anotherpartofthescreentoseeiftheothersarehiddenbehindit.
TP Boxes
CHEMCADcancreatedataboxes,calledTPboxes,whichdisplayanycombinationof
temperature,pressure,andflowrateforallstreamsorselectedstreamsona
flowsheet.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 83
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ToaddTPdataboxes,selectFormat>AddTPBox.IntheTPBoxSettingsdialog
box,firstselectanoptionatthetop,todeterminewhethertoaddTPboxesforall
streamsoronlyforthestreamsyouselect.
IntheDisplaycolumn,selectitemsfromthedropdownlistineachfieldto
determinewhichstreampropertiestodisplayandinwhatorder.UseNoselection
asappropriateifyouwanttodisplayfewerthanfourproperties.
IntheNumberformatcolumn,makeaselectionineachfieldtodeterminehow
numberswilldisplayintheTPboxes.IntheDigitscolumn,typethenumberof
digitstodisplayafterthedecimalpoint.Youcanalsochangethefontstyleandsize
fortheTPboxtext,andchoosewhethertodisplaystreamIDsandengineeringunits.
ThePreviewboxdisplaysadynamicsampleofhowtheitemsyouveselected
willappearintheTPboxes.Notethatthepreviewareadoesnotreflectchangesyou
maketothefontsize.
WhenyoufinishmakingyourselectionsintheTPBoxSettingsdialogbox,click
OK.IfyouvechosentomakeTPboxesforallstreams,theTPboxeswillappearon
theflowsheetrightaway.Ifyouveoptedtoselectthestreamsfromtheflowsheet,
youllseeaSelectStreamsdialogbox;typethestreamnumbers(oneperline)orclick
onthestreamlinesintheflowsheettoselectstreams,andthenclickOKtocreatethe
TPboxes.
Figure 8-07: TP boxes added to a simple flowsheet
84 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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3. IntheWorksheetnamefield,typethenameoftherelevantworksheetwithin
theworkbookthatyouveindicated.
4. Inthecenterportionofthedialogbox,specifythestartingandending
columnandrowcoordinatesthatyouwanttoreferencewithintheselected
worksheet.
5. Inthelowerportionofthedialogbox,changeanyformattingsettingsas
desiredandthenclickOKtocreatethedatabox.
AnExcelrangeboxisadynamiclinkbetweenCHEMCADandtheExcel
worksheet.Asdataisupdatedandsavedintheselectedcellrange,therangeboxcan
automaticallyupdatetoreflectthosechanges.Toviewthemostuptodatedatain
yourExcelrangeboxesatanytime,selectView>RefreshDataBoxes.
Note:Turningoffalayerdoesnothingbeyondhidingtheassociatedobjectsfrom
view.HavingalayerhiddenevenifthatlayerincludesstreamsandUnitOps
doesnotinanywayaffectthewaythesimulationrunsoranystreamorUnitOp
properties.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 85
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whateverotheritemsyouneed.Createasmanydifferentlayersasyoulike,
andeachtimeyougotoprintthediagram,viewonlythelayersthatyou
wanttoprint.
Youneedtoemailasimulationtodifferentrecipientswhowanttoview
differentdataboxes.Createsetsofdataboxesassignedtomultiplelayers,and
thenviewjustthelayersthatyouwantyourfirstrecipienttoseeupon
openingthefile.Saveandclosethesimulationbeforeattachingittoanemail
message.Openthesimulationagainforthenextrecipient,selectthelayers
youwantthatpersontosee,savethefile,andattachittoanotheremail
message.
Youhaveaverylargeflowsheetthatencompassesanumberofdiscrete
processes.Youcancreateseparatelayersforvariousportionsoftheoverall
flowsheet,andviewonlytheportionsyoureworkingwithatagiventime.
Youcanalsohideunneededportionsoftheflowsheetforprinting.
Ifyouaretroubleshootingaprocess,orforwhateverreasonneedtomark
upaprocessflowdiagram,youcandrawshapessuchasellipsesor
rectanglesaroundcertainUnitOpsorgroupsofUnitOps,usingtextorbright
colorstodrawextraattention.Thenassignallofthesemarkupitemstoa
singlelayersothatyoucanchoosetovieweitherthemarkedupversionor
thecleanversionoftheflowsheetatanytime.
Figure 8-08: Creating a new layer
IntheNewLayerdialogbox,replacethedefaultlayernamewithadescriptive
nameofyourownandthenclickOK.
86 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
OutputandReports
Figure 8-09: Naming the new layer
ThenewlayernowappearsundertheLayersiteminCHEMCADExplorer.If
necessary,clicktheplussignnexttoLayerstoviewthelayername.Youcanaddas
manylayersasyoulikeandviewthecompletelisthere.
Whenalayerisfirstcreated,itisvisiblebydefault.Alayersstatusasvisibleor
hiddenisindicatedinCHEMCADExplorerbytheiconthatdisplaysnexttoits
name.Avisiblelayershowsagreencheckmark,whileahiddenlayerisgrayin
color.
Figure 8-10: Visible and hidden layers as they appear in CHEMCAD Explorer
Note:Ifyoulike,youcanassignoneormoreobjectstoalayeratthesametimeyou
createthelayer.Todothis,simplyclickthedesiredobject(usethe[SHIFT]click
methodformultipleobjects),thenrightclickLayers,selectNew,andassignthe
layeraname.Theselectedobjectsareautomaticallyassignedtothenewlayer.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 87
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Note:Itispossibleforanobjecttobeassignedtomorethanonelayer.Ifanobjectis
assignedtotwoormorelayers,however,itwillbedisplayedunlessallofits
associatedlayersarehidden.
88 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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unpinoneormorepanesaswell,togiveyourselfmoreworkspacewhileyou
preparetoprint.
Next,considerwhetheryourprocessflowdiagramshoulddisplayajobbox,
UnitOporstreamdataboxes,textnotes,orotheritemsinadditiontotheflowsheet
itself.Ifyouhavealreadycreatedtheneededitems,makesurethattheyare
currentlyvisibleandplacedwhereyouwantthem.
Whenalloftheitemsyouwanttoprintarevisible,checkoncemoretoensure
thateverythingfallswithintheCHEMCADworkspace.ThenselectFile>Print,or
clickthePrintbuttononthetoolbar.ThisbringsupthePrintSetupdialogbox,
whereyoucanselectprintingoptionsorsimplyclickOKtoprinttheprocessflow
diagram.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 89
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90 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 9
Customizing CHEMCAD
AsyoubecomemorefamiliarwiththewaythatCHEMCADworksandthevarious
optionsandtoolsthatareavailable,youmayfindyourselfwishingthatyoucould
makeyourownadditionseitherforspecializeditemsorforthoseyouuse
frequently.YoucaninfactcustomizeCHEMCADinseveralwaysthatsaveyoutime
bystreamliningandsimplifyingyourworkflow.Theseinclude:
CreatingstreamandUnitOptemplates
AddingcustomcomponentstoCHEMCADscomponentdatabase
MakingyourownsymbolsandaddingthemtotheUnitOpspalette
BuildingcustomUnitOps
CreatingcustomdialogboxesforUnitOpsettings
Definingcustomthermophysicalrules
Thischapterdiscussesallofthesetypesofcustomization,startingwiththe
simplestproceduresandthenmovingontomorecomplexcustomizationsthat
requiresomeprogrammingexperience.
Flowsheet Templates
OneofthemosteffectivewaystosavetimewhencreatingCHEMCADsimulations
istomakeuseofstreamandUnitOptemplates.Atemplateissimplyasetof
characteristics,whichyouassignanameandsaveforlateruse.Whenyousetup
streamorUnitOpspecificationsthatyouknowyoullneedtorecreateinthefuture,
youcancreateatemplateofthatstreamorUnitOp.Youcanthenduplicatethatitem
withinthesamesimulationorinanyothersimulationwithjustafewmouse
clicks.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 91
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Creating a Template
Tocreateastreamtemplate,firstcreatethestreamyouwanttocloneandgiveitall
ofthecharacteristicsyouwanttoincludeinthetemplate.
ThenfindthisstreamontheCHEMCADExplorersSimulationtab.Expandthe
Flowsheetitem,thenexpandtheStreamitem,andfinallydoubleclickthe
applicablestreamID.ThisbringsupanitemcalledSave.Doubleclicktheword
SavetobringuptheEnterTemplateNamedialogbox,thentypeanameforyour
newstreamtemplateandclickOK.Thenewstreamnameisnowlistedbeneaththe
Saveitem.
TocreateaUnitOptemplate,selecttheappropriateUnitOpIDinCHEMCAD
Explorer,andthenfollowthesameprocedureusedtocreateastreamtemplate.
Applying a Template
Toapplyastreamtemplate,firstexpandtheCHEMCADExploreritemforthe
streaminquestion,eitherbyclickingtheplussigntoitsleftorbydoubleclickingthe
streamname.
Whenthestreamitemisexpanded,youllseetheSaveitembelowit,followedby
thenamesofallthestreamtemplatesthatyouhavecreated.Doubleclickthename
ofthetemplateyouwanttouse,thenclickOKtoconfirmthatyouwanttoapply
thisstreamtemplate.
92 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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Note:AnystreamorUnitOptemplatethatyoucreateisavailableforusewithall
othersimulationsonthesameinstallationofCHEMCAD,untilandunlessyou
deletethetemplate.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 93
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Figure 9-01: The New Component dialog box
2. Givethenewcomponentadescriptivename;itisstronglyrecommendedthat
youmakethisnameunique.Allothercharacteristicshereareoptional,except
fornormalboilingpoint,whichisrequiredforthepseudocomponent
method.
3. SelectaCorrelationoptiontoindicatewhichoftheabovemethodsyouwill
use,andclickOKtocontinue.
4. Intheresultingdialogbox,selecttheappropriateoptionsforyournew
componentandspecifyasmanycharacteristicsasyoulike,asaccuratelyas
possible.ClickOKtocontinue.
5. IntheSelectDestinationDatabasedialogbox,youwillseenodatabaseslisted
ifthisisyourfirsttimetoaddacomponent.Ifthisisthecase,clickNewto
bringuptheManageComponentDatabasesdialogbox.
6. Normally,youllneedtoclickAddNew,whichbringsuptheSaveAsdialog
box.Navigatetothelocationyouwantforyourcustomcomponentdatabase,
givethedatabaseaname,andclickSave.Ifyouwanttoaddadatabasethat
someoneelsehascreated(generallyinanetworklocation),youcanclickUse
Existing,whichbringsupanOpendialogbox;navigatetothatdatabases
location,highlightthedatabase,andclickOpen.
7. TheManageComponentDatabasesdialogboxnowliststhedatabasethat
youcreatedorselected.ClickOKtocontinue.
8. IntheSelectDestinationDatabasedialogbox,thenewdatabaseyouhavejust
namedisnowlisted;highlightitandclickOK.
9. TheView/EditComponentDatamenunowappears.Clickanyitemonthe
menutoaccessadialogboxwithoptionsfordefiningyournewcomponent.
Afterdefiningasmanycharacteristicsaspossible,clickExittoclosethe
menu.
94 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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Thenewcomponentisnowavailabletoaddtoyourcurrentsimulationandall
futuresimulations.Toreturnatanytimetomakechangestoauserdefined
component,dooneofthefollowing:
SelectThermophysical>ComponentDatabase>View/EditComponentto
bringuptheSelectSingleComponentdialogbox,whichlistsallavailable
components.HighlightthecomponentyouwantinthelistandclickOKto
bringuptheView/EditComponentDatamenu.
ClickComponentListonthetoolbartobringupthelistofcomponentsinthe
currentsimulation.Doubleclickthecomponentyouwantinthelisttobring
uptheView/EditComponentDatamenu.
Figure 9-02: The Regress Component Properties menu
2. Clickthemenuitemthatcorrespondstothetypeofregressiondatayouwant
toenter.
3. IntheSelectSingleComponentdialogbox,selecttheuseraddedcomponent
thatyouwanttoregressandclickOK.
4. Intheresultingdialogbox,entertherequiredparameters(listedingreen
text)andanyotherparametersasappropriate,thenclickOK.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 95
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5. Intheresultingdialogbox,enteryourexperimentaldatapointsinthecells
provided.YoucanenteravalueintheWeight_factorcolumntoweightthe
regressiontowardoneormoredatapoints.ClickOKtocontinue.
Note:YoucanpasteacontiguousrangeofcellsfromanExcelworksheetintothe
cellsinthisdialogbox.
6. Theregressiondataisdisplayedinatabularformatforreview.Whenyouare
readytoviewtheregressioncurve,closetheWordPadorExcelwindow.
7. Theregressionresultsnowdisplayingraphicalformat.Reviewtheplotand
decidewhethertheregressionadequatelyrepresentsyourexperimentaldata.
IntheApplyComponentChangesdialogbox,eitherchooseanoptionand
clickSaveorabandonyourregressionchangesbyclickingDontSave.
8. Repeatthisprocedureasneededtoregressotherpropertiesforyour
component,andthenclickExittoclosetheRegressComponentProperties
menu.
Pseudocomponent Range
Usingapseudocomponentcurveanothertermforthedistillationcurveportionofan
assayyoucancutahydrocarbonstreamintopseudocomponents,orfractions.A
pseudocomponentrepresentsagroupofcomponentsthatboilwithinanarrow
temperaturerange.PseudocomponentrangesareusedinCHEMCADtomodel
hydrocarbons.
Whenyoudefineapseudocomponentrangeforastream,CHEMCADcreates
entriesinthecomponentdatabaseforeachhydrocarboncut,andassignsthese
componentscompositionstothestream.
Note:Beforeyoudefineapseudocomponentrange,makesurethatyouhave
specifiedinyourcomponentlist,asappropriate,waterandanylightendsthatexist
intheassay.
1. SelectThermophysical>PseudocomponentCurves.
2. IntheDistCurveCharacterizationdialogbox,enterstreamnumber(s)and
clickOK.
3. IntheHydrocarbonCorrelationdialogbox,selecttheappropriate
correlationsforyourcurve,orusethedefaultselectionsandclickOK.
4. ThisbringsuptheCurveTemperatureCutRangesdialogbox.Foreachcut
rangethatyouwanttodefine,provideabeginningandendingtemperature,
andenterthenumberofpointsthatyouwanttodefineasdiscrete
pseudocomponentswithinthatrange.ClickOKtocontinue.
96 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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5. IntheBulkPropertiesdialogbox,specifyadistillationcurvetypeandentera
totalflowrateandbulkgravityforthestream.Youcanmakeotherentries
hereasneeded,butonlythesethreeitemsarerequired.ClickOKtocontinue.
6. Intheresultingdialogbox,enterthedistillationcurvefromyourassay,
specifyingthevolumepercentageandboilingtemperatureforatleastfive
datapoints.ClickOKtocontinue.
7. Thenextdialogboxisoptional.Enteragravitycurvefromyourassay,
specifyingthevolumepercentageandgravityforatleastfivedatapoints.
ClickOKtocontinue.
8. Thenextdialogboxisalsooptional.Ifyouhavelightendsandwaterdefined
inyourassay,entervolumepercentagedatahereforallrelevantcomponents.
ClickOKtocontinue.
9. ThisbringsuptheEditDistillationCurvesmenu,showninFigure903.
Figure 9-03: The Edit Distillation Curves menu
10. ClickSaveandExit.Thisbringsupatabularlistingofpseudocomponent
properties.Youcanreviewandprinttheseresultsifyoulike,orsimplyclose
thedocumentdisplayingthemtoreturntotheCHEMCADworkspace.
11. Toseethelistofpseudocomponentsthatyouhavecreated,editthe
propertiesforthestreamyouselected.Thepseudocomponentswillbelisted
afterpurecomponents,withnamesthatbeginwithNBP.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 97
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Figure 9-04: The Symbol Editors workspace and palette
Youcanbuildasymbolfromthegroundup,butthebestwaytolearntousethis
toolistoeditanexistingCHEMCADUnitOpsymbol.Todothat,followthesesteps:
1. SelectFile>OpenfromtheSymbolEditormenu.IntheOpendialogbox,
selectafilefromSymbolsdirectoryandclickOpen.Theselectedsymbol
opensintheSymbolEditorworkspace,asshowninFigure905.
98 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Figure 9-05: The pump_1.sym file open in the Symbol Editor workspace
2. SelectFile>SaveAsandsavethefileinadifferentdirectory,usinga
distinctivenametoavoidconfusionwiththeoriginalsymbol.
3. UsethetoolsavailableinSymbolEditortochangethesymbolasneeded:
Toremoveoralteranyexistingpartofthesymbol,selectStructure>
Ungrouptobreakthesymbolintoitsindividualcomponents.
Toaddgraphicalcomponentstothesymbol,usethedrawingtoolsonthe
toolpalette,suchasRectangleandEllipse.
Toaddatextlabeltothesymbol,usetheTexttool.
Toaddaninletoroutlet,clicktheappropriateitemonthetoolpalette
andthenclicktoplacetheinletoroutletonthesymbol.
Tobackoutofachangethatyouvemade,selectEdit>Undoorpress
[CTRLZ].
4. Whenyourereadytosavethesymbol,makesurethatyouhavedeletedany
unwanteditemsontheworkspace.SelectEdit>SelectAllorpress[CTRLA],
andthenselectStructure>Group.
5. SelectFile>Savetosavethechangestoyournewsymbol.
Tocreateatotallynewsymbol,simplystartfromablankworkspace,namethe
file,andusethevariousdrawingtoolstocreatethedesiredcombinationofshapes
andtext.Addinletsandoutletsasneeded,thengroupthesymbolscomponentsand
savethefile.
Onceyouvecreatedyournewsymbol,youneedtoassociateitwithaUnitOp
typeandthenadditintotheappropriateUnitOpsubpalette.
1. WithintheSymbolEditorprogram,selectFile>EditUnitOpType.The
SelectUnitOperationTypedialogboxappears.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 99
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Figure 9-06: The Select Unit Operation Type dialog box
2. SelecttheappropriateUnitOptypeandclickOK.
3. ToassignthenewsymboltoaUnitOppalette,selectFile>Addto
CHEMCADPalette.
4. CloseandrestartCHEMCADtoseeyournewsymbolappearonthe
specifiedsubpalette.
100 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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calledParser,thesyntaxforwhichisdocumentedintheCHEMCADCalculator/Parser
Moduleguide,availableontheChemstationswebsite.
C++useraddedmodulesaredevelopedusingMicrosoftsVisualC++
developmenttool,thesametoolsthatwereusedinthecreationofCHEMCADsown
UnitOps.TheproceduresforcreatingC++useraddedmodulesforusewith
CHEMCADaredetailedintheUseraddedModulesGuide,whichisalsoavailableon
theChemstationswebsite.
VBAUnitOpsaredefinedbyVBAsubroutines,andaredescribedlaterinthis
chapter.
ThemethodyouchooseisanimportantfirststeptowardcreatingaUnitOp,but
thechoiceisalmostentirelyuptoyou.CalculatorUnitOpscanbequickandeasyto
setup,buttheycantdoeverythingtheothermethodscan.TheExcel/VisualBasic
approachisverypowerfulandusesthefamiliarVisualBasiclanguagefor
development.Adrawbacktothismethodisthatcalculationcansometimesbeslow
duetotheuseofMicrosoftExceltodothecalculations.Themostpowerfuland
fastestcalculatingmethodistheC++useraddedmodulemethod,butifyouarenew
toC++,itmaybechallengingtouse.VBAUnitOpsareaspowerfulasthosecreated
usingC++,andaremucheasiertobuild.
WhichevermethodyouusetoprogramthecalculationsofyourUnitOp,youwill
likelyneedtocreateadialogboxtoprovideauserinterface.Adialogboxenables
userstosendinformationintoyourUnitOp,forexamplethenumberofstagesfora
distillationUnitOp.NomatterwhatmethodyouusetoprogramyourUnitOp,you
willusetheDialogEditorprogramtocreatetheuserinterface.
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Figure 9-07: The Dialog Editor window showing an open dialog
AdetaileddescriptionofhowtousetheDialogEditorisavailableonthe
ChemstationswebsiteunderSupport>Manuals,aswellasontheCHEMCAD
installationCDROM.
Customizing Thermodynamics
Occasionally,youmayfindthatnoneofthethermodynamicmodelsbuiltinto
CHEMCADserveyourneedsforaparticularsimulation.Ifthisshouldhappen,you
cantakeoneoftwoapproachestohandlingthermodynamicsforthesimulation:
eithercreateyourownKvalueorenthalpymodelorcreateyourownmixingrule.
102 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
CustomizingCHEMCAD
ThisworkspaceincludesexamplesofUnitOps,Kvalues,enthalpymodels,and
mixingrules.
AdetaileddescriptionofhowtocreatecustomKvaluesandenthalpymodelsis
availableontheChemstationswebsiteunderSupport>Manuals,aswellasonthe
CHEMCADinstallationCDROM.
WhenyouvesuccessfullyaddedacustomKvaluemethod,youcanselectiton
theKvalueModelstaboftheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,byusingthe
GlobalKvalueOptionsettingcalledADDK.
Figure 9-08: Selecting the ADDK K-value option
Afteraddingacustomenthalpymodel,youcanselectitontheEnthalpyModels
taboftheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,byusingtheGlobalEnthalpyOption
settingcalledADDH.
Figure 9-09: Selecting the ADDH enthalpy model
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 103
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104 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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ClicktheViewCHEMCADbuttonatthefarleftendoftheVBAeditors
toolbartoclosetheeditorwindow.
Note:Youcanalsousethe[ALTF11]keycombinationtotogglebetweenCHEMCAD
andtheVBAeditor.
6. SavethecurrentCHEMCADsimulation,thenexpandtherelevant
CHEMCADExploreritemagaintoseeyournewlydefinediteminthelist.
Figure 9-10: Selecting a VBA-defined reaction in the Kinetic Data dialog box
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 105
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4. Whenyouhavedefinedthelastreaction,clickOKtoreturntothemain
CHEMCADwindow.
Figure 9-11: Selecting a VBA UnitOp
106 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 10
Data Interfaces
CHEMCADenablesyoutoexchangedatawithotherprogramsthroughavarietyof
methods.Thissavestime,effort,andthepotentialforkeystrokeerroranddata
omissions.Insomecases,thesedatainterfacescanenableCHEMCADtolink
directlyintoyourplantinformationsystemstorunsimulationswithouthuman
intervention.
ThedatainterfacesthatCHEMCADusesareasfollows:
TheExcelDataMapinterface,whichcanlinkanyvalueinaCHEMCAD
simulationtoanycellinanExcelworksheet,orviceversa(notethatrunning
CHEMCADsimulationsfromExcelrequiresaCOMinterface,described
below)
TheVisualBasicApplicationinterface,whichenablesyoutobuildcustom
reactions,mixingrules,andUnitOps
TheOPCinterface,whichpermitsanyOPCClientapplicationtoaccess
valuesinaCHEMCADsimulation
COMinterfaces,whichallowanyCOMenabledprogram(suchasMATLAB)
toaccessandcontrolaCHEMCADsimulation
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 107
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WithExcelDataMapping,youcanquicklyandeasilygetthemostof
CHEMCAD/Excelintegration,evenifyouhavenoexperiencewithVisualBasicor
Excelprogramming.Infact,youcanuseandbenefitfromthisfeatureevenwithvery
littleknowledgeoftheExcelprogram.
TouseExcelDataMapping,youmustfirstcreateoneormoreDataMaps,and
thensetuprulesfortheexecutionofeachDataMapinuse.
Figure 10-01: The Excel Data Map Editor
2. ClicktheBrowsebuttonandlocatethetargetworkbook.Selecttheworkbook
fileandclickOpen.
3. InthecellnexttoExcelWorksheetName,typethenameoftheworksheetto
whichyouwanttolinkyoursimulation.
108 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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Note:Ifyouneedtoverifythenameoftheworksheet,youcanclicktheOpenbutton
tolaunchExcelandviewtheworkbook.
4. ClickthecellbelowMapRuletohighlightthatcell.Clickagaintoseeadrop
downlistofmappingoptions:
ToWorksheetOnlyenablesyoutosenddatafromstreamsorUnitOpsin
CHEMCADtotheselectedworksheet.
ToCCOnlyenablesyoutosenddatafromanycellontheworksheetto
theselectedstreamorUnitOpparameterinyoursimulation.
Fordatareconciliationenablesyoutomanipulatethedatausing CHEMCAD's
Data Reconciliation feature.
Figure 10-02: Selecting a Map Rule option in the Excel Data Map Editor
5. ClickthecellbelowCCObjTypetohighlightthatcell.Clickagaintoseea
dropdownlistofmappingoptions:
StreamenablesyoutolinkanExcelcellorcellrangetoastreamonthe
flowsheet.
UnitOpenablesyoutolinkanExcelcellorcellrangetoaUnitOponthe
flowsheet.
Miscenablesyoutochangedynamicflowsheetsettings.
6. ClickthecellbelowCCObjID.TypetheIDnumberofthestreamorUnitOp
towhichyouwanttolink.
7. ClickthecellbelowParIDtohighlightthatcell.Clickagaintoseeadrop
downlistofparametersfortheselectedUnitOporstream.Scrolldownand
selectanoptionfromthelist.
Note:WhenyouareimportingcelldataintoCHEMCAD,thelistofparameter
optionsislimited,asmanyvaluesinaCHEMCADsimulationarecalculatedbased
onothervalues.
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8. Ifyouchoseaparameterthatisrelatedtoaspecificcomponent(e.g.,Comp
Molefraction,oranyitemmarkedwithanarrow),youwillneedtospecifythe
component.ClickthecellbelowComponenttohighlightthatcell,andclick
againtoseeadropdownlistofavailablecomponents.Selectacomponent
fromthelist.
Figure 10-03: Component-specific parameters marked with arrows on the Par ID list
9. ClickthecellbelowWrkShtCell/Range.Typethecelladdressorcellrange
towhichyouwanttolink.Celladdressesshouldbeformattedwiththe
columnletterandrownumber,e.g.,A1orD17.Cellrangesshouldbe
formattedastwosuchaddresses(representingtherangesfirstandlast
values)separatedbyacolon,e.g.,A1:A12orB5:E20.
10. Ifyouare performing a datareconciliation,
youcanusethe
Weightcolumntogivecertainitemsinthereconciliationmoreimportance
thanothers.
11. Repeattheprocedureuntilyouhavespecifiedallofthecellsorcellranges
thatwilllinktoyoursimulation.
12. SavetheDataMapbyselectingFile>SaveAs.TypeanameforyourData
MapandthenclickOK.ThenewlycreatedDataMapnowappearsonthe
CHEMCADExplorerundertheDataMapsitem.
Figure 10-04: List of available Data Maps in CHEMCAD Explorer
110 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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13. ToleavetheDataMapopenandreturntoyoursimulation,usethetabsatthe
bottomofthemainCHEMCADworkspace.ToclosetheDataMap,select
File>Close.
Figure 10-05: The dialog box for configuring execution rules
2. ClickthesquarebuttonnexttothefirstfieldintheSelectDataMapscolumn
tobringuptheSelectDataMapdialogbox.
Figure 10-06: Selecting a Data Map from the list
3. SelectthenameoftheDataMapforwhichyouwanttosetrules,andclick
OKtoreturntotheDataMapExecutionRulesdialogbox.Repeatthisstep
forallotherDataMapswhoserulesyouwanttosetupatthistime.
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4. IntheBeforeSimulationRunsfieldnexttoeachselectedDataMap,clickthe
dropdownlisttochooseanactionforthatDataMaptoperformbefore
calculationsbegin:
DoNothingperformsnoactionbeforethesimulationisrun.Youmight
usethisoptiontodisableaDataMaptemporarily.
ToWorkbooksendstherequesteddatatoExcelbeforerunningthe
simulation.Youmightusethisoptionwhenyouwanttopulldatafrom
inletstreamsorUnitOpspecifications.
ToCHEMCADsendstherequesteddatainExceltoCHEMCADbefore
runningthesimulation.Youmightusethisoptionwhenyouwanttofeed
datatoinletstreamsorUnitOpswithdatafromtheExcelworksheet.
5. IntheAfterSimulationRunsfieldnexttoeachselectedDataMap,clickthe
dropdownlisttochooseanactionforthatDataMaptoperformafter
calculationsarecomplete:
DoNothingperformsnoactionafteryoursimulationhasrun.Youmight
usethisoptiontodisableaDataMaptemporarily.
ToWorkbooksendstherequesteddatatoExcelafterrunningthe
simulation.Youmightusethisoptionwhenyouwanttosenddatafrom
streamsorcalculatedparametersofUnitOpstotheworkbookinExcel.
Figure 10-07: Three different Data Maps with rules set up
6. WhenyouhaveconfiguredalloftheDataMapsthatyouwanttouse,click
OKtosaveyourrulesandclosetheDataMapExecutionRulesdialogbox.
Youcannowrunthesimulation.IfyouopentheExcelfilesthatarelinkedtothe
simulation,youwillbeabletoseetheparametersofstreamsandUnitOpsrelatedto
theExcelDataMap.Youcanalsoperformyourowncalculationsintheworkbook
basedonthedatalinkedtoCHEMCAD.
112 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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Specification Sheets
UsingtheinterfacewithMicrosoftExcel,CHEMCADallowsyoutooutput
simulationdatatoanExcelspreadsheetresemblingavendorspecificationsheet,as
discussedinChapter8,OutputandReports.Customizingthesespecsheetssavesyou
timebyoutputtingdataintheformatrequiredbyyourcompanyorvendor.
TocustomizethespecsheetforaspecificUnitOptype,editthecorresponding
Excelspreadsheetinthefollowingdirectory:
C:\ProgramFiles\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\Program\templates
IftheUnitOptypeyouwantisnotrepresentedbytheExcelfilesinthisdirectory,
youcancopythegenericspecsheet.xlsfileanduseitasatemplateforanewUnitOp
spreadsheet.
Placethecopyinthesamedirectory,andmakeitsfilenamethestandardfour
characterabbreviationfortheUnitOptypeinquestion.Forexample,tocreateaspec
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sheettemplatefortheFlashUnitOp,youwouldneedtonamethefilecopyflas.xls.
SeetheCHEMCADHelpinformationaboutyourspecificUnitOpifyouneedtolook
upthisabbreviation.
Beforeyoucontinue,youwillneedtoturnofftheReadonlyattributeforthe
newspreadsheetfile.Thequickestwaytodothisistorightclickthefilewithinthe
WindowsExplorer,selectProperties,andthencleartheReadonlycheckboxinthe
Propertiesdialogbox.
OncethecopyisrenamedandtheReadonlyattributeisturnedoff,youcan
openthespreadsheetandedititasneeded.
OPC Applications
OPCcanbeappliedasfollows:
Inferentialsensors:Sometimescalledsoftsensors,inferentialsensorsuseone
ormoremeasuredvariablestoestimateanothervariable.UsingCHEMCAD
simulationsanddatafromyourplantsDCS,youcanembedsimulationsto
providedatasuchasconcentrations,heatduty,andfoulingfactor,which
wouldnotnormallybeavailable.
Operatortraining:YoucancoupleanoperatorHMItoadynamicsimulation
tocreateatrainingsimulatorthatcanhelptrainoperatorsinasafeand
effectiveway.
OPC Compliance
ChemstationsisaMemberoftheOPCFoundation,anorganizationdevotedto
maintainingtheOPCstandards.CHEMCADhasbeencertifiedfor,andinterop
testedfor,OPCDAstandard2.05a.
114 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 115
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thatthecommandhascompletedsuccessfully,whileanegativereturnindicatesa
problemofsomekind.
Theavailablecommandsareasfollows:
RefreshServertellsCHEMCADtorefreshalldatasenttotheOPCserver.
RunSteadyStaterunsasteadystatesimulation.Whenthesimulation
finishes,theflagwillbereseteitherto0(runconverged)ortoanegative
numberindicatingthenumberoferrorsthatoccurredduringtherun.To
viewtheerrormessagetext,youmustopentheCHEMCADinterface
directly.
Restoretoinitialstatereturnsadynamicsimulationtotimezero.Areturnof
0indicatessuccess;avalueof1indicatesfailure.
RunDynamicstartsadynamicsimulation.Areturnof0indicatessuccess;a
valueof1indicatesfailure.
RunDynamicOneSteprunsasingletimestepofadynamicsimulation.A
returnof0indicatessuccess;avalueof1indicatesfailure.
SetInitialStatesetsthecurrentprocessconditionsasthetimezero
conditions,overwritingtheprevioustimezeroconditions.Areturnof0
indicatessuccess;avalueof1indicatesfailure.
StopSimulationstopsadynamicsimulation.Areturnof0indicatessuccess;
avalueof1indicatesfailure.
Note:Mostofthedataitemsinasimulationhaveengineeringunitsassociatedwith
them.Inthesecases,weusuallydefinetwoseparatetags,onecontainingthedata
valueandtheothercontainingtheunitsstring.Allunitsstringsarereadonlyfrom
OPC.Theunitsstringsaregovernedbythesettingsinsidethesimulation.
ThegroupsinCHEMCADsOPCnamespaceareorganizedasfollows:
CHEMCAD.SimulationServer:ThisistheOPCservername.Byconvention,
thisnameisfollowedbyaversionnumber,e.g.,
CHEMCAD.SimulationServer.1,toindicatetheOPCServerversion.Thisis
theservernametowhichOPCclientswillconnect.
CHEMCADGroup:Thisgroupcontainsanyinformationthatisnot
dependentonastreamorUnitOp,andallcommandsusedtorun
CHEMCAD.
116 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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StreamsGroup:Thisgroupcontainsaseriesofsubgroups,oneforeach
streamontheflowsheetnumberedbystreamIDnumber.
UnitOperationsGroup:Thisgroupcontainsaseriesofsubgroups,onefor
eachunitoperationontheflowsheet,numberedbyUnitOpIDnumber.
COM Interfaces
ComponentObjectModel(COM)isaMicrosoftstandardplatformthatenables
programstosharecontentsuchasdataandcalculationroutines.Thisinterface
makesitpossibleforotherprogramstocontrolaCHEMCADsimulation.
CHEMCADactsasaCOMserver,soanyprogramthatcanactasaCOMclient
canbemadetointerfacewithCHEMCADinthisway.Ifyouarentcertainwhether
yourapplicationcanactasaCOMclient,checkwiththesoftwarevendor.
Note:UsingtheCOMinterfacetoCHEMCADisacomplicatedprocedurethat
requiressomeexperienceinprogramming.Ifyourorganizationlacksinhouse
expertiseinprogramming,considerbringinginathirdpartyresourcetoassistyou
withtheprocedure.
ThefollowingsectionisabriefwalkthroughofasimpleCOMinterfacebetween
ExcelandCHEMCAD.
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Note:Somevaluesarereadonly.Forexample,VBClientdoesnotallowyouto
changeastreamstotalflowratedirectly;youmustinsteadchangethecomponent
flowratestomakeachangetothetotalflowrate.
3. ClickSaveDatatopushyourchangestotheCHEMCADsimulation.
4. ClickRunAlltorunthesimulation.
5. NotethechangestothedataontheStreamsandUnitOpssheets.
End If
End Sub
Themostimportantlineinthatwholesubroutineis:
Set CC6 = CreateObject("CHEMCAD.VBServer")
Inthatsingleline,ExcelloadsCHEMCADintomemory.
Loadingasimulationisaccomplishedwiththissimpleline:
retFlag = CC6.LoadJob(casePath)
Runningasimulationcanbeassimpleasthis:
retFlag = CC6.SSRunAllUnits
ThedocumentcalledCOMInterfaceReference.doc,availableonthe
Chemstationswebsite,providesafullreferenceofthecommandsavailablethrough
COM.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 119
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120 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Chapter 11
CHEMCAD Tutorials
AlthoughthesimulationsstoredinyourExamplesdirectoryareusefulformany
scenarios,thebestwaytolearntouseCHEMCADistocreateandrunsimulations
yourself.Thetutorialsinthischapterwalkyouthroughbasicsimulationbuilding
stepbystep,usingarealisticexampleproblemthatwillhelpprepareyouforyour
ownsimulations.
Thefirsttutorialisforasimplesteadystatesimulation,whichisthenusedasthe
basisforthesecondtutorial,inwhichyoulllearntousetheCCTHERMmoduleto
rateaheatexchanger.Thethirdtutorialwalksyouthroughabatchdistillation
problemusingCCBATCH,andthefinaltutorialcoversvariousscenariosforpiping
systems.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 121
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Figure 11-01: Condenser stabilizer problem diagram
Yourjobistodeterminenewoperatingconditionsforthisexistingplant,along
withanynecessarymodifications.Thedesignrequirementsareasfollows:
Thecricondenthermdewpointoftheproductgasmustbe20Forless.A
cricondenthermdewpointisthehighesttemperaturefortwophase
coexistenceofamixture.Aslongasthestreamtemperaturestaysabovethe
cricondenthermdewpoint,thestreamcontentswillnotcondense.
Thestabilizedcondensatemusthavemaximumpropanecontentof1%.
Overview
RunningaflowsheetsimulationinCHEMCADisessentiallyaninestepprocedure:
1. Startanewsimulation.
2. Selectengineeringunits.
3. Createaflowsheet.
4. Selectcomponents.
5. Selectthermodynamicsoptions.
6. Definethefeedstreams.
7. EnterUnitOpparameters.
122 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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8. Runthesimulation.
9. Reviewtheresultsandprintasneeded.
Thestepsdonothavetobeperformedinthisorder,nordoallofthemhavetobe
doneforeachflowsheet,butyoushouldconsiderallstepsforeachproblem.
Note:Insteadofsavingallchangesinstantly,CHEMCADnowsavesyoursimulation
onlywhenyouusetheSavecommand.Thisprovidesyouwithgreaterflexibility
andgivesyoumorecontroloveryoursimulations,butitalsomeansthatyoushould
saveyourworkfrequently.Thisisasoundpracticeforworkinginanysoftware
application,asitcanhelpyouavoidlosingworkintheeventofapowerproblemor
computerglitch.
Placing UnitOps
1. Startyourflowsheetbyaddinganicontorepresenttheinitialfeedstream.In
theAllUnitOpspalette,findtheFeedicon,whichisanarrowpointingtothe
right.ClicktheFeedicon,thenclickintheworkspacewhereyouwantto
placethefeedstream.Whenthefeedstreamarrowappears,goaheadand
turnofftheFeeddrawingtoolbyrightclickinganyblankareaofthe
workspace.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 123
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Note:AtanytimeafterdrawingafeedstreamoranyUnitOpicon,youcanclickthe
icontodisplaytheblacksizinghandlesateachcorner.Withtheiconselectedthis
way,youcanclicktheiconanddragittoanewlocation,orclickanysizinghandle
anddragitoutwardorinwardtoresizetheicon.
2. Nowplacethetwoheatexchangersontheflowsheet.OntheAllUnitOps
palette,pointtotheHeatExchangericonuntilitspopuplabelappears(see
Figure1102).
Figure 11-02: The pop-up label that identifies the UnitOp icon
3. ClickthelowerrightcorneroftheHeatExchangericon,ontheblacktriangle,
toopenthesubpalette.Selectthetwosidedheatexchangericonasshownin
Figure1103.Theiconthatyouclickedinthesubpalettenowappearsonthe
mainAllUnitOpspalettetorepresenttheHeatExchangerUnitOp.
Figure 11-03: Selecting the two-sided heat exchanger icon
4. Pointthemousecursoraboutaninchtotherightofthefeediconandclick.A
twosidedheatexchangericonappearsontheflowsheetwhereyouclicked.
Note:TheUnitOpIDlabelof1shouldappearinacirclenexttotheheatexchanger
icon.ForeachsubsequentUnitOpthatyoudraw,CHEMCADwillassignanordinal
numberinthisway,touniquelyidentifyeachpieceofequipmentontheflowsheet.
5. ReturntotheAllUnitOpspalette,andagainclicktheHeatExchangericons
blacktriangle.Toswitchfromthetwosidedmodeltoasinglesidedmodel,
youllneedtoselecttheappropriateicon(seeFigure1104)fromtheHeat
Exchangersubpalette.
124 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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Figure 11-04: Switching to the single-sided heat exchanger icon
6. Againmovethecursortotheworkspace,thistimeaboutaninchtotheright
ofthefirstheatexchanger,andclickthemouse.Asinglesidedheat
exchangericonappearsontheflowsheetwhereyouclicked.Yourflowsheet
sofarshouldlooksomethinglikeFigure1105.
Figure 11-05: The flowsheet so far
7. AddtheFlashandValveUnitOpiconstoyourflowsheet,usingthestandard
icons.
8. Forthecondensatestabilizer,useadistillationcolumn.Multipledistillation
UnitOpsareavailable,butfornow,assumethatthemoduleyouwanttouse
istherigorousdistillationmodelcalledTower.YoullneedaTowericonwith
traysandareboilerbutnocondenser;thisisdifferentfromthedefaultTower
UnitOpicon.ClickthelowerrightcorneroftheTowericonsboxtoviewthe
subpalette,thenselecttheiconshowninFigure1106.
Figure 11-06: Selecting the appropriate Tower UnitOp icon
9. NowthatyouhaveselectedtheappropriateTowericon,addthisUnitOpto
theflowsheet.
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10. PlacethreeProducticonsontheflowsheet,oneforeachproductstream.You
canquicklyplacethreeidenticalicons,simplybyclickingrepeatedlyina
slightlydifferentlocation.WhenyouveclickedtocreatethethirdProduct
icon,rightclicktoturnofftheProductdrawingtool.
Drawing Streams
NowthatalloftheUnitOpsareinplace,selecttheStreamtoolandconnectthe
variousUnitOpsasappropriate.Rememberthateachstreammuststartatared
outletpointontheupstreamUnitOp,andendatablueinletpointonthe
downstreamUnitOp.
ToavoidhavingtoreselecttheStreamtooleachtime,makesurethatassoonas
youclicktocompleteonestream,youmovethecursortothenextlocationandclick
tostartthenextstream.
Drawstreamstoconnectthefollowing:
Feedstreamtofirstheatexchangersleftsideinlet
Firstheatexchangersrightsideoutlettosecondheatexchangersleftside
inlet
Secondheatexchangersrightsideoutlettoflashinletofyourchoice
Flashtopoutlettofirstheatexchangerstopinlet
Firstheatexchangersbottomoutlettonearestproducticon
Flashbottomoutlettovalveinlet
Valveoutlettotowerinletofyourchoice
Towertopoutlettonearestproducticon
Towerbottomreboileroutlettonearestproducticon
Asyoudrawstreams,CHEMCADassignsstreamIDs,justasitassignedUnitOp
IDswhenyoucreatedthoseitems.ThelabelsforstreamIDsaredisplayedin
squares,todistinguishthemfromtheUnitOpIDsdisplayedincircles.
Selecting Components
Nowyouneedtoidentifythecomponentstobeusedinthissimulation.Startby
selectingThermophysical>SelectComponents.ThisbringsuptheSelect
Componentsdialogbox,showninFigure1107.
126 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-07: The Select Components dialog box
Forthisexample,youllchoosecomponentsfromthestandardCHEMCAD
database.IntheSelectComponentsdialogbox,findandaddeachneeded
component,beginningwithnitrogen:
1. IntheSearchbox,starttypingthewordnitrogen.
2. Assoonasyouvetypedni,youshouldsee46NitrogenN2highlightedin
theAvailableComponentsarea.Clicktherightarrowbuttontoaddnitrogento
yoursimulation.
3. UsethescrollbarintheAvailableComponentsareatoreturntothetopofthe
componentlist.
4. Holddownthe[CTRL]keyonyourkeyboardasyouclickeachofthe
followingcomponentsinturn:
2 Methane
3 Ethane
4 Propane
5 IButane
6 NButane
5. Clicktherightarrowbutton,locatedtotherightoftheAvailableComponents
area,toaddalloftheselectedcomponentstoyoursimulation.
6. Nowaddthefollowingcomponentsbydoubleclickingeachoneinturn:
7 IPentane
8 NPentane
10 NHexane
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Figure 11-08: The completed Select Components dialog box
7. SaveyourcomponentselectionsbyclickingOK.
128 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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thePengRobinsonmethodforboththeKvalueandenthalpycalculations.Follow
thesestepstoselectyourthermophysicaloptions:
1. AcceptthedefaulttemperatureandpressurerangesintheThermodynamics
WizardandclickOK.
2. ClickOKagaintoacceptthewizardssuggestedmethodofSRK.
3. WhentheThermodynamicSettingsdialogboxopens,findtheGlobalK
ValueOptionselection,intheupperleftcorneroftheKValueModelstab.
ThecurrentsettingisSRK,butforthepurposesofthetutorial,youllneedto
selectthePengRobinsonmodel.Clickthedownarrowattherightendofthe
selectionboxtoviewalonglistofKvaluechoices,thenclickPeng
Robinson.
Figure 11-09: The new K-value selection in the Thermodynamic Settings dialog box
4. NowclicktheEnthalpyModelstab.ThePengRobinsonmethodhasalready
beenenteredastheGlobalEnthalpyOptionsselection;thiswasdone
automaticallybecauseyouchosePengRobinsonasyourKvaluemethod.
Whileyoudohavetheoptiontooverridethischoice,inthiscaseyoullneed
tokeepthePengRobinsonmodel;leaveallsettingsastheyareandclickOK
toreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
Forthepurposeofthistutorial,thethermodynamicselectionsarenowcomplete.
Note:WhileyouarenotrequiredtousetheThermodynamicsWizard,youshould
knowhowtouseit,ifonlyasastartingpointforyoursimulations.Youcanrevisit
thewizardatanytimebyselectingThermophysical>ThermodynamicsWizard.
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Note:Beforeyouproceed,verifythatyourengineeringunitsaresettoEnglishinthe
EngineeringUnitSelectiondialogbox,asdescribedearlierinthistutorial.
Doubleclickthelineforstream1,yourfeedstream,tobringuptheEditStreams
dialogbox.
Figure 11-10: The Edit Streams dialog box
Youwillspecifythefeedstreamaccordingtothefollowingrules:
TheStreamNamefieldcandisplayastreamlabelofupto16alphanumeric
characters.Thisfieldisoptional,andyoucanuseanylabelyoulike.
ThenextfourfieldsTempF,Prespsia,VaporFraction,andEnthalpy
MMBtu/harethethermodynamicpropertiesofthestream.Accordingtothe
GibbsPhaseRule,onceamixturescompositionisgiven,specifyinganytwo
ofthesefourthermodynamicpropertieswilldefinetheothertwo.Assuch,
definingthecomposition,temperature,andpressureforamixtureuniquely
definesitsvaporfractionandenthalpy.Alternatively,definingthe
composition,pressure,andenthalpywilluniquelydefinethemixtures
temperatureandvaporfraction.
Sinceenthalpiesarecalculatedrelativetoadatum,thecalculationofany
givenstreamenthalpyisaninvolvedprocesswhichispronetoerrors.For
thisreason,CHEMCADdoesnotpermityoutoenterstreamenthalpyasa
constraint.
130 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
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Inadditiontodefiningthestreamscomposition,youmustdefineexactly
twoofthefollowingproperties:temperature,pressure,andvaporfraction.
Thetwovariablesthatyouspecifywilldisplayasredtext,whilethethird
variableandthevalueenthalpywillbedisplayedinblackwhenyouflashthe
stream.
Anexceptiontothisconventionallowsyoutoaddheatdutywithanempty
stream.Ifyouspecifyatotalcomponentflowrateofzero,youmayspecifya
temperature,pressure,andenthalpyrate.Astreamdefinedthiswayis
treatedasaheatduty,andisaddedtotheheatbalanceoftheunit.The
temperatureandpressurearearbitraryforthissituation.
TheTotalflowunitandCompunitfieldsworktogethertoprovideavariety
ofwaystodefinestreamcompositions.Iftheselectedcompunitismole,
mass,orvolumefraction(eithergloballyorlocally),thentheTotalflowunit
selectionisavailable.Iftheselectedcompunitisafloworamountoption,
thenthetotalflowratebecomesthesumofthecomponentflowrates,and
theTotalflowunitselectionisnotavailable.
IftheCompunitfieldselectionisanamountflowunit(asopposedtoa
fractionalunit),thenthecomponentflowratevaluesareautomaticallyadded
asyouenterthem.ThecurrentsumisdisplayedintheTotalflowfield.
YoucanclicktheFlashbuttonatanytimetoperformaflashcalculation
usingthecurrentlyspecifiedcompositionandthermodynamicproperties.
Thisenablesyoutoobtainflashcalculationsquicklyandwithoutleavingthe
dialogbox.
Fractionsthatdonotaddupto1.0areautomaticallynormalizedwhenyou
eitherclickFlashorexitthedialogbox.
Withtheserulesandbehaviorsinmind,enterthedataforyourfeedstream.
1. Beginwiththestreamtemperature.ClicktheTempFlabel,thenclickthe
emptyfieldtoitsright.Type75andthenpressthedownarrowkeyonyour
keyboardtocontinue.
2. Type200inthePrespsiafield,thenpressthedownarrowkeyseveraltimes
untilyouarriveattheNitrogenfield.
Note:Beforeyoucontinue,verifythattheCompunitfieldissettolbmol/h.
3. Type100.19intheNitrogenfield,andtheninsimilarfashion,typethe
followingnumbersinthecorrespondingfields:
Methane:4505.48
Ethane:514
Propane:214
IButane:19.2
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NButane:18.18
IPentane:26.4
NPentane:14
NHexane:14
4. ClickOKtosavethisstreaminformationandreturntothemainCHEMCAD
workspace.
Note:Aswithstreams,youcanenterUnitOpparametersinvariousways,butforthe
purposesofthistutorial,wellusethequickestandsimplestmethod,doubleclicking
eachUnitOptoaccessitsspecificationdialogbox.
Figure 11-11: The Heat Exchanger dialog box
2. AswithmanytypesofUnitOps,thedialogboxforspecifyingaheat
exchangerconsistsofmultipletabbedpages.Youcanbrowsethroughthe
Specifications,Misc.Settings,andCostEstimationstabsbyclickingeach
tabinturn.
3. Thepressuredroponbothsidesofthisexchangeris5psi.Onthe
Specificationstab,findthePressureDropsarea,andenter5inboththeStream
1andStream4fields.
4. Thefirststreamoutletmustbeatitsdewpoint,soyoullneedtospecifyan
outletvaporpressureof1.InthefieldnexttoVaporfractionstream2,enter1.
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5. ClickOKtosavethespecificationsforthisUnitOpandclosethedialogbox.
Figure 11-12: Setting up the second heat exchanger
3. ClickOKtosavethespecificationsforthisUnitOpandclosethedialogbox.
Flash Drum
Inthissimulation,theflashdrumisavaporliquidseparatorandrequiresno
specification.
Valve
1. DoubleclickthevalveflowsheeticontobringuptheValvedialogbox.
2. Theoutletpressureforthisunitis125psia,soenter125intheOutletpressure
field.
3. ClickOKtosavethespecificationsforthisUnitOpandclosethedialogbox.
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Stabilizer Tower
1. DoubleclickthetowericontoopentheTOWRDistillationColumndialog
box.NotethatthesettingsforthisUnitOparedividedintofivetabs.
2. OntheGeneraltab,enterthefollowing:
Colmpressdrop:5
No.ofstages:12
Feedtrayforstream:1
3. ClicktheSpecificationstabtomakespecificationsforthecolumn.This
columnhasnocondenserorsidestreams,soyouwillonlybemaking
specificationsforthereboiler.DropdownthelistofoptionsforSelectreboiler
mode,andselectthemodecalled4Bottommoleflowrate.
4. Nowyouneedtospecifythenumericvalueofthereboilerflowrate.Inthe
Specificationfieldimmediatelytotherightofyourreboilermodeselection,
enteravalueof30.
5. ClickOKtosavethespecificationsforthisUnitOpandreturntothemain
CHEMCADworkspace.
Allofthedataentryfortheflowsheetisnowcomplete.Beforeyoucontinue,you
shouldsaveyoursimulation.Asnotedearlier,itsagoodideatodothisperiodically
asyoubuildthesimulation,butcompletionofyourUnitOpspecificationsisa
particularlygoodtimetostopandsave.
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dewpointtemperatureoftheproductgasistoplotallofthedewpointtemperatures
oftheproductgas,i.e.,toplotaphaseenvelope.
1. StartwiththePlotmenu,whichprovidesaccesstoalltypesofgraphical
reports.SelectPlot>PhaseEnvelopes.IntheSelectStreamsdialogbox,
specifystream5,thenclickOKtobringupthePhaseEnvelopedialogbox.
2. Noentriesarerequiredonthisscreensinceyouonlyneedtolookatthe
dewpointline,buttomaketheplotmoreinteresting,displaythe0.25andthe
0.5vaporfractionlinesinadditiontothenormalphaseenvelopeboundaries.
CompletethedialogboxasshowninFigure1113.
Figure 11-13: Plotting vapor fraction lines along with the cricondentherm dewpoint
3. ClickOKtocontinue.CHEMCADperformtherequiredflashcalculationsto
generatethespecifiedphaseenvelope.Phaseenveloperesultsareproduced
intwoformats:
Anumericaltabulation(table)ofthetemperature,pressure,vapor
fraction,vaporcompressibilityfactor,andtheliquidcompressibility
factor
Agraphicalplotoftemperatureandpressureforeachvaporfractionline
requested
Thetabularresultswillappearfirst;sinceyoureinterestedinthegraphical
results,closethewindowdisplayingthetable.Thescreenwillnowlook
similartoFigure1114.NotethatthemainCHEMCADbuttontoolbaris
largelyunavailablenow,andthemenuitemshavechanged.
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Figure 11-14: Phase envelope plot results
4. Todeterminewhetherthecricondenthermdewpointofstream5is20For
less,zoominonthefarrightportionofthedewpointcurve.Todothis,click
anddragwithyourmousetohighlightthatportionofthegraph
approximately400to1000psiand0to30F.Whenyoureleasethemouse
button,theselectedareawillfilltheentireplotwindow,givingyouaclose
upviewofspecificdatapoints.
Figure 11-15: Zoomed-in plot results
5. Asthisviewshows,thehighestdewpointofthismixtureisalittlelessthan
20F,sothecricondenthermdewpointisindeedwithinthetargetproduct
gasspecification.Rightclickthemouseanywhereintheplotwindowto
returntothefullplotview.
6. Toprintthephaseenvelopeplot,clickthePrintbuttonandthenfollowany
promptsfromyourprinter.
7. YoucanalsotrythefollowingtopracticeworkingwithplotsinCHEMCAD:
Editthetextoftheplottitle(inthiscase,PhaseEnvelopeforStream5)orthe
graphaxislabelsbyselectingGraph>EditTitles.IntheChartTitles
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dialogbox,makeanydesiredchangesandthenclickOKtoviewthe
updatedchart.
SelectGraph>EdittoopentheChartExplorer,whichprovidesaccessto
settingsforcolor,size,layout,andvariousotheraspectsoftheplot
presentation.
8. ReturntothemainCHEMCADwindowbyselectingFile>Close.
Figure 11-16: Stream Composition report for stream 9
4. SelectFile>Exitinthetabulardatawindowtoreturntothemain
CHEMCADwindow.
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Figure 11-17: Turning on the Flowsheet Quickview feature
WithFlowsheetQuickviewturnedon,pointyourmousecursoratstream9on
theflowsheet.Afteramoment,apopupinformationwindowappears,listing
streampropertiesincludingcomposition.Thevalueforpropaneshouldbe1orvery
closeto1,asshowninFigure1118.
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Figure 11-18: Checking the propane content of stream 9
Nowthatyouhaveachievedtheresultsthatyousetouttoproduce,savethe
simulation,usingeitherFile>SaveortheSavebuttononthetoolbar.
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itemswillbeincludedbydefault;totoggleanyitemonoroff,simplyclick
thecorrespondingbox.
Forthepurposeofthistutorial,usethedefaultsettingsinthisdialogbox.
ClickCanceltoclosethedialogboxandreturntotheConsolidatedReport
menu.
7. ClickStreamFlowrate/CompositionstoopentheFlow/CompositionOptions
dialogbox.ClickthecheckedboxnexttoMoleflowratetoturnoffthis
defaultoption.Then,clicktheMassflowrateandMolefractionsboxesto
turnbothofthoseoptionson.ClickOKtosaveyoursettingsandreturnto
theConsolidatedReportmenu.
8. Finally,specifywhichinformationtoprintforthecondensatestabilizer
distillationcolumnbyclickingDistillationSummaries.IntheDistillation
Optionsdialogbox,theinformationyourelookingtoprintTrayprofileis
alreadyselected.ClickOKtoreturnforthelasttimetotheConsolidated
Reportmenu.
9. Togeneratethereport,clickCalculateandGiveResults.Thereportdisplays
inaseparatewindow,withaformatsuitableforprinting.Youcanedit,save,
andprintthereportasneeded.
10. Whenyoufinishreviewingandworkingwiththereport,closethereport
windowtoreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
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dialogbox.Becauseyouwanttoincludeallstreams,leavethesettingsthe
waytheyareandclickOKtocontinue.
3. IntheDataboxPropertyOptionsdialogbox,reviewthedefaultselections,
indicatedbycheckedboxes.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,leavethe
selectionsastheyareandclickOKtocontinue.
4. IntheDataboxSettingsdialogbox,youcancontrolthefontstyleandsizeof
thedataboxtext,aswellastheuseofdividinglineswithinthebox.Accept
thedefaultsettingshereandclickOK.
5. ThestreamdataboxappearsintheupperleftcorneroftheCHEMCAD
workspace,butyouwanttoplaceitbelowtheflowsheet.Thedataboxis
alreadyselected,sopointyourmousecursoranywhereinsidetheboxand
thenclickanddragtorepositionit.Movethedataboxuntilitiscentered
belowtheflowsheetdiagram.
Note:Youcanalsoresizeadataboxbyselectingtheboxandthenclickingand
dragginganyofthesizinghandlesatthecorners.Dragintomakethedatabox
smaller,orouttomakeitlarger;noticethatthetextadjustsinsizetofitthebox.
6. NowplaceatitleonthePFDtodescribetheprocess.IntheAllUnitOpsor
DrawingSymbolspalette,findandselecttheTexttool.
7. Movethecursortoapointsomewhereabovetheflowsheetandclickthe
primarymousebutton.Averticalinsertionpointlinebeginstoblinkwhere
youhaveclicked.TypethewordsCondensateStabilizerPFDandthenclick
anyblankspotontheCHEMCADworkspace.
8. Tomakethistextlarger,selectFormat>Font.IntheFontdialogbox,change
theSizesettingto18andthenclickOK.
9. Clickanddragthenewheadingtocenteritabovetheflowsheetdiagram.
10. Finally,setupalayerforyourstreamdataboxandtitlesothatyoucan
displayorhidetheseitemsasasingleunit.AtthebottomoftheCHEMCAD
Explorerpane,clicktheSimulationtab,thenrightclicktheLayersitemand
selectNew.
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Figure 11-19: Creating a new layer using the CHEMCAD Explorer
11. IntheNewLayerdialogbox,typeanameforthenewlayer.Forthis
example,namethelayerPFDElements,thenclickOKtocreatethelayer.
12. NowaddthetwoPFDelementstothelayer.Clickthetitlethatyouplaced
abovetheflowsheet,thenholddownthe[SHIFT]keyandclickinsidethe
streamdataboxthatyouplacedbelowtheflowsheet.Bothitemsshouldnow
beselected,withsmallblackboxesvisibleineachcorner.
13. IntheCHEMCADExplorerpane,doubleclicktheLayersitemtoexpandit,
thenrightclickonyournewlycreatedPFDElementslayerandclickAdd
Selected.
Figure 11-20: Adding selected items to your new layer
14. ThetitleandstreamdataboxarenowpartofthePFDElementslayer.This
layerisvisible,asindicatedbythegreencheckmarkonitsicon.Clickthis
iconorthenamePFDElementstotogglethelayeroff,causingthetitleand
streamdataboxtodisappear;thenclickagaintomakethemvisible.
15. WiththePFDelementsvisible,selectView>ZoomOptions>ZoomtoFit.
ThiscustomfitstheentirePFDtotheavailableworkspaceforoptimal
printing.Toprint,youcaneitherselectFile>PrintorclickthePrintbutton
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onthemainCHEMCADtoolbar.Followthepromptsforyourprinterto
completetheprintingprocess.
16. TocloseCHEMCAD,selectFile>Close,orclicktheClosebuttoninthe
upperrightcorneroftheCHEMCADwindow.ClickYesatthemessage
askingwhetheryouwanttoexitCHEMCAD,thenclickYesagaintosave
changestothesimulation.
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CC-THERM Tutorial
Thistutorialwalksyouthroughtheratingofaheatexchanger.Theexampleyoull
workwithisthecondensatestabilizerexampledescribedintheCCSTEADYSTATE
tutorial,whichlookslikethis:
WhileitsrecommendedthatanewCHEMCADuserbuildthissimulationfrom
thegrounduptogainproficiencywiththesoftware,areadymadeexamplecalled
CHEMCADTutorial.CC6isalsoavailable.Thisfileislocatedbydefaultinthe
directorycalledMyDocuments\MySimulations\Examples\Tutorials.
Yourobjectiveistoratethefirstheatexchangerinthisflowsheet.Theequipment
youreworkingwithisacountercurrentgas/gasheatexchangerwiththefollowing
geometryanddimensions:
TEMAclass=R
TEMAtype=BEM
Foulingfactors=0.001bothsides
Shellinsidediameter=27
Numberoftubes=646
Tubeoutsidediameter=0.75
Tubewallthickness=0.065
Tubelength=20
Tubepattern=rotatedtriangular(60)
Tubepitch=0.9375
Baffles:10,equallyspaced
Baffletype=singlesegmental
Bafflecut=35%(diameter)
Impingementplatepresent
Shellsidenozzles=one,12
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Tubesidenozzles=one,12
BaffletoshellI.D.clearance=0.3125(diameter)
ShellI.D.toOTLclearance=0.35433(diameter)
Tubetobaffleholeclearance=0.035(diameter)
Spaceattopofbundle=2.8
Carbonsteeltubes;allothermaterialsA285C
5rowspersealingstrip
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4. CCTHERMdisplaysdataforallfourstreamsaroundtheexchangerina
separatereportwindow.Revieworprintthedataasneededandthenclose
thereportwindow.
Figure 11-21: The Heat Curve Parameters dialog box
Toaccountforthechangeinphysicalpropertiesacrosstheheatexchanger,CC
THERMdividestheanalysisintozones.Thesezonesarethermodynamicsegments
basedonequaltemperaturechangesorequalenthalpyincrements.Therearetwo
optionstochoosefrom:
Equalenthalpy:Incrementsofequalenthalpychange
Bubbledewpoint:Incrementsofequalenthalpychangebetweenthedew
andbubblepoints,withseparatezonesforsuperheatingandsubcoolingif
present
Thedefaultsettingisthebubbledewpointoption.Foreithersegmentation
method,youcanalsodecidehowmanyzonestocalculatefortheexchanger.The
morezonesyouspecify,themoreaccuratethecalculationswillbe,butcalculations
willalsobeslower.Theindustrystandardis10zones(11points),whichisthe
defaultentryhere,butyoucanselectanynumberbymakinganentryinthe
Numberofcuttingpointsfield.Bearinmindthatthenumberofpointsequalsthe
numberofzonesplusone.
Forthistutorial,leaveallthedefaultsettingsandclickOKtocontinue.CC
THERMcalculatesthe11pointsneededfortheheatcurveanddisplaysaplotlike
theoneshowninFigure1122.
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Figure 11-22: Heat curve plot for first heat exchanger
Thisplotenablesyoutoinspectthecalculatedheatcurveforanyobvious
problemsinthesetupoftheanalysis.ClickOKtoclosethiswindowandcontinue.
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defaultselectionofSensibleFlowforbothtubesideandshellside,asthere
isnophasechangeoneithersideoftheexchanger.
FoulingfactorToallowforfoulingontheinsideandoutsideofthetube,
youcanenterfoulingfactors.Usethedefaultsettingof0.001(Englishunits)
onbothsides.
OntheModelingMethodstab,youcanselecttheformulastobeusedincertain
aspectsoftheheatexchangercalculations.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,usethe
programsdefaultselections.ClickOKtocontinue.
Figure 11-23: The Tube Specifications dialog box
Enter646intheNumberoftubesfieldandclickOKtocontinue.
Figure 11-24: The Shell Specifications dialog box
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Theonlyvaluethatyouneedtospecifyhereistheshelldiameter.Unlessyou
checktheUsestandardpipeasshellbox,CCTHERMassumesthatthevalue
enteredhereistheactualshellinsidediameter.Type2.25(theequivalentinfeetto
27)intheShelldiameterfieldandthenclickOKtocontinue.
Note: TheCHEMCADsuitehasahandybuiltinconversionfeaturethatcanhelp
wheninputfieldsrequireadifferentunitofmeasurethanthedatayouhave.Place
yourcursorinanynumericdataentryfield,andthenpress[F6]tobringupadialog
boxthatoffersconversionunitsrelevanttotheselectedfield.Typethevalueyou
haveintheappropriatefieldandpress[ENTER]toconverttootherunits.Verifythe
resultsoftheconversionandthenclickOK.CHEMCADautomaticallyselectsthe
appropriateunitsforthefieldandentersthatconvertedvalue.
Figure 11-25: The Baffle Specifications dialog box
Mostofthedefaultentrieshereareappropriateforthisexample;youdo,
however,needtospecifythebafflespacingandbafflecut.
Baffle Spacing
Allthatyouknowforthepurposesofbafflespacingisthatthereare10baffles
equallyspaced.Eraseanydefaultvaluesforspacingandenter10intheNumberof
bafflesfield.CCTHERMwillcalculateequalspacingforthebaffles.
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Figure 11-26: The Nozzle Specifications dialog box
Thedefaultentriesareacceptableforthisexample,soyouonlyneedtoenterthe
insidediameterfortheinletandoutletnozzlesonboththetubeandshellsides.All
ofthesenozzleshave1internaldiameters.
Enter1ineachofthefourfieldsatthetopofthedialogbox,thenclickOKto
continue.
Figure 11-27: The Clearance Specifications dialog box
CCTHERMalwaysdefaultstoTEMAclearances,sonormallynoentryis
requiredinthisdialogbox.Inthiscase,theclearancesareknown,soyoushould
enterthemintheeventtheydonotconformexactlytoTEMA.Youcanusethe[F6]
featurenotedearlierinthistutorialtoconvertthegivenclearancesfrominchesto
feet.
Also,becausethereisanimpingementplate,youneedtoenterthespaceatthe
topofthebundle.Type0.233333intheSpaceatTopofBundlefieldandthenclick
OKtocontinue.
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Figure 11-28: The Material Specifications dialog box
Here,youcanspecifythematerialsofconstructionfortheheatexchanger.For
thisexample,usethedefaultentries:carbonsteelforthetubesandA285Cforall
othermaterials.ClickOKtocontinue
Figure 11-29: The Miscellaneous Specifications dialog box
TheonlyfieldthatisimportanttothisexampleisRowsperSealingStrip.The
defaultentryof5iswhattheexamplecallsfor,soleavethedialogboxasitisand
clickOKtocontinue.
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seeifyoureturntoshellandtubesizingforthisexchangeratanytimeafterthis
initialspecification.
Figure 11-30: The Shell and Tube Exchanger menu
ClicktheCalculatebuttononthemenu.Thecalculationwillrunveryfast,
showingruntimemessagesonthestatusbarandthenreturningyoutotheShelland
TubeExchangermenu.
Figure 11-31: The View Results menu
Clickanyofthesebuttonstoviewvariousreportsoneverythingfrombaffle
parameterstovibrationanalysis.Whenyouselectareport,thedatadisplaysina
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separatewindow,whichyoucanrevieworprintandthenclose.Toreturntothe
ShellandTubeExchangermenuatanytime,clicktheExitbutton.
YoucanalsodisplayresultsgraphicallybyclickingPlot.ThisopensthePlot
menu,fromwhichyoucanselectavarietyofzonebyzonegraphs.
Figure 11-32: The Plot menu
Theseplotsopeninaplotwindow,justliketheheatcurveplotthatyouwesaw
atthebeginningofthistutorial.WhenyouclickOKtocloseanyplot,youwillreturn
totheShellandTubeExchangermenu.
Youcanalsoprinttabulated,hardcopyreportsusingtheSelectReportsand
GenerateReportsoptionsontheShellandTubeExchangermenu.First,clickSelect
ReportstobringuptheReportSelectiondialogbox.
Figure 11-33: The Report Selection dialog box
SelecteitherWordPadorExcelasyourreportviewer,andchecktheboxesforthe
reportsthatyouwanttogenerate.ClickOKtoreturntotheShellandTube
Exchangermenu,thenclickGenerateReports.Allofthereportsthatyouselected
willbegeneratedanddisplayedusingtheviewerthatyouchose.
Youcannowrevieworprintthereport;whenyouclosethereportwindow,you
willreturntotheShellandTubeExchangermenu.ClickExittoclosethemenu,then
clickYeswhenaskedwhetheryouwanttosaveyourchanges.
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CC-BATCH Tutorial
ThistutorialwalksyouthroughtheprocessofusingCCBATCHtosimulateabatch
distillationcolumn.
Figure 11-34: The batch distillation flowsheet
Thefollowingaredetailedspecificationsforthisproblem:
ThermodynamicSelections ColumnSpecifications
K-value:PengRobinson No.ofinternalstages:8
Enthalpy:PengRobinson No.ofoperations:5
Internalstageholdup:0.01ft3
Condenserholdup:0.1ft3
Condenserpressure:14.7psia
Columnpressuredrop:2psia
InitialChargeConditions InitialChargeComposition(molefrac)
Temperature:Calculated Propane: 0.1
Pressure:16.7psia N-Butane: 0.3
VaporFraction:0atbubblepoint N-Pentane: 0.1
Totalamountofcharge: N-Hexane: 0.5
100lbmol
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OperatingStep1 OperatingStep2
Purpose:Propaneremoval Purpose:Propaneremoval
Refluxratio:5 Refluxratio:20
Distillatemolarflowrate:2 Distillatemolarflowrate:2
Stopwhen:Distillatemole Stopwhen:Distillatemolefractionof
fractionofNButaneis0.2 NButaneis0.985
Materialstobeaddedatstart: Materialstobeaddedatstart:None
None
OperatingStep3 OperatingStep4
Purpose:Butaneproduction Purpose:Pentaneremoval
Refluxratio:25 Refluxratio:15
Distillatemolarflowrate:2 Distillatemolarflowrate:2
Stopwhen:Accumulatormole Stopwhen:Distillatemolefractionof
fractionofNButaneis0.99 NHexaneis0.2
Materialstobeaddedatstart:20 Materialstobeaddedatstart:None
lbmolofmolefraction40%N
Butane/60%NHexane,atits
bubblepointat16.7psia
OperatingStep5
Purpose:Pentaneremoval
Refluxratio:25
Distillatemolarflowrate:2
Stopwhen:Bottommolefraction
ofNHexaneis0.9998
Materialstobeaddedatstart:
None
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6. Specifypotcharge.
7. Specifythedistillationcolumn.
8. Defineoperatingsteps.
9. Runthesimulation.
10. Reviewtheresultsandprintasneeded.
Placing UnitOps
BeginbyplacingtheBatchColumnunitonthescreen.
1. OntheAllUnitOpspalette,clicktheBatchcolumntool(seeFigure1135)
andthenclickinthemainCHEMCADworkspace.Thebatchcolumnicon
appearswhereyouclicked.
Figure 11-35: The icon representing a batch column
2. ClicktheTanktool(seeFigure1136).Ontheworkspace,clicktotherightof
thebatchcolumntoplaceatankicon.Thenclickjustbelowthefirsttank,and
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clickagainbelowthesecondtank.Whenyouhaveplacedallthreetankson
theflowsheet,rightclicktodeactivatetheTanktool.
Figure 11-36: The tank icon
3. ClicktheProducttool(seeFigure1137)andinsimilarfashion,placethree
productarrowsontheflowsheet,eachonebelowandtotherightofatank
icon.RightclicktodeactivatetheProducttool.
Figure 11-37: The product icon
Drawing Streams
NowthatalloftheUnitOpsareinplace,selecttheStreamtoolandconnecteach
tanksoutlettothenearestproductarrow.Thesearetheonlystreamsthatyouneed
forthistutorial.
Note:Inthissimulation,thebatchdistillationcolumntransfersproductstothetanks
baseduponbatchoperationparametersthatyouprovide.Streamconnections
betweenthecolumnandthetanksarenotnecessary,andareambiguousgiventhe
dynamicnatureofsuchstreams.
Rememberthateachstreammuststartataredoutletpointontheupstream
UnitOp,andendatablueinletpointonthedownstreamUnitOp.Toavoidhavingto
reselecttheStreamtooleachtime,makesurethatassoonasyouclicktocomplete
onestream,youmovethecursortothenextlocationandclicktostartthenext
stream.
Asyoudrawstreams,CHEMCADassignsstreamIDs,justasitassignedUnitOp
IDswhenyoucreatedthoseitems.ThelabelsforstreamIDsaredisplayedin
squares,todistinguishthemfromtheUnitOpIDsdisplayedincircles.
Atthispoint,theflowsheetshouldlooksimilartoFigure1134.
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Selecting Components
Nowyouneedtoidentifythecomponentstobeusedinthissimulation.Startby
selectingThermophysical>SelectComponents.
Forthisexample,youllchoosecomponentsfromthestandardCHEMCAD
database.IntheSelectComponentsdialogbox,findandaddeachneeded
component.
1. Holddownthe[CTRL]keyonyourkeyboardasyouclickeachofthe
followingcomponentsinturn:
4 Propane
6 NButane
8 NPentane
10 NHexane
2. Clicktherightarrowbutton,locatedtotherightoftheAvailableComponents
area,toaddalloftheselectedcomponentstoyoursimulation.TheSelect
ComponentsdialogboxshouldnowlooklikeFigure1138.
Figure 11-38: The completed Select Components dialog box
3. SaveyourcomponentselectionsbyclickingOK.
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3. Ifthemethodisanactivitymodel,theprogramthenlooksattheBIP
databasetoseewhichmodelhasthemostdatasetsforthecurrentproblem.
ItthencalculatesthefractionalcompletenessoftheBIPmatrix.Ifthatfraction
isgreaterthantheBIPthresholdparameter,itusesthechosenactivity
method;ifnot,itusesUNIFAC.
TheThermodynamicsWizardisnoreplacementforengineeringjudgment.Thistool
usesanalgorithmbasedongeneralrules,andisthereforefallible.Thesuggested
modelmightnotalwaysbethebestmodelforthesystem.
Selectingthermodynamicoptionsbasicallymeansselectingamodelormethod
forcalculatingvaporliquid(orvaporliquidliquid)phaseequilibrium(calledtheK
valueoption)andselectingamethodormodelforcalculatingtheheatbalance(called
theenthalpyoption).Thecommandsfortheseselectionsarelocatedonthe
Thermophysicalmenu.
CHEMCADhasalibraryofdozensofKvaluemodelswithavarietyofoptions
andabout12enthalpymodels.Makingtheproperselectionfromtheselibrariescan
sometimesbedifficult.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,assumethatyouwanttouse
thePengRobinsonmethodforboththeKvalueandenthalpycalculations.Follow
thesestepstoselectyourthermophysicaloptions:
1. AcceptthedefaulttemperatureandpressurerangesintheThermodynamics
WizardandclickOK.
2. ClickOKagaintoacceptthewizardssuggestedmethodofSRK.
3. WhentheThermodynamicSettingsdialogboxopens,findtheGlobalK
ValueOptionselection,intheupperleftcorneroftheKValueModelstab.
ThecurrentsettingisSRK,butforthepurposesofthetutorial,youllneedto
selectthePengRobinsonmodel.Clickthedownarrowattherightendofthe
selectionboxtoviewalonglistofKvaluechoices,thenclickPeng
Robinson.
Figure 11-39: The new K-value selection in the Thermodynamic Settings dialog box
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4. NowclicktheEnthalpyModelstab.ThePengRobinsonmethodhasalready
beenenteredastheGlobalEnthalpyOptionsselection;thiswasdone
automaticallybecauseyouchosePengRobinsonasyourKvaluemethod.
Whileyoudohavetheoptiontooverridethischoice,inthiscaseyoullneed
tokeepthePengRobinsonmodel;leaveallsettingsastheyareandclickOK
toreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
Forthepurposeofthistutorial,thethermodynamicselectionsarenowcomplete.
Note:WhileyouarenotrequiredtousetheThermodynamicsWizard,youshould
knowhowtouseit,ifonlyasastartingpointforyoursimulations.Youcanrevisit
thewizardatanytimebyselectingThermophysical>ThermodynamicsWizard.
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YoucanclicktheFlashbuttonatanytimetoperformaflashcalculation
usingthecurrentlyspecifiedcompositionandthermodynamicproperties.
Thisenablesyoutoobtainflashcalculationsquicklyandwithoutleavingthe
dialogbox.
Fractionsthatdonotaddupto1.0areautomaticallynormalizedwhenyou
eitherclickFlashorexitthedialogbox.
Withtheserulesandbehaviorsinmind,enterthedataforyourpotcharge:
1. DoubleclickthebatchcolumntoopentheEditBatchChargedialogbox.
Figure 11-40: The Edit Batch Charge dialog box
2. InthePrespsiafield,type16.7,thenpress[TAB]andtype0intheVapor
Fractionfield.
Note:Itsimportantthatyouactuallytypea0overtheexisting0entryintheVapor
Fractionfield.ThistellsCCBATCHthatyouarechoosingtospecifyavapor
fraction.
3. IntheCompunitfield,selectmolefrac.Youcannowtypeavalueof100in
theTotalflowfield.
4. Type0.1inthePropanefield,andtheninsimilarfashion,typethefollowing
numbersinthecorrespondingfields:
NButane:0.3
NPentane:0.1
NHexane:0.5
5. ClickOKtosavethischargeinformationandcontinue.
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Figure 11-41: The Batch Distillation Column dialog box
MakethefollowingentriesontheGeneraltabofthisdialogbox:
Numberofstages:8
Numberofoperationsteps:5
Stageholdup:.01
Condenserholdup:1
Condpressure:14.7
Colmpresdrop:2
Whenyouhaveenteredtheseparameters,clickOKtosavethedataand
continue.
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Figure 11-42: The Batch Operation Parameters dialog box
Inthisdialogbox,youlldefinetheparametersforeachoperatingstepofthe
batchcampaign.Beforeyoubegin,youneedtounderstandhowCCBATCHhandles
tankassignments.
TheProductassignmentfieldsidentifytheaccumulatortowhichaproductor
decantstreamwillbesent.Youcanusethisoptionevenifyoudonotplacetankson
theflowsheet;simplydesignatingaUnitOpIDnumberissufficient.Inthiscase,its
importantthatyoudesignateaUnitOpIDthatisnotalreadyinuse.
SinceCCBATCHpermitsvaporliquidliquiddistillation,theremaybetwo
liquidphasesinthecondenser,possiblygivingrisetodecantingofonephaseorthe
other.TheDistillateTank#fieldentryrepresentsthetankthataccumulatesthe
distillate.TheDecanterTank#fieldentryrepresentsthetankthataccumulatesthe
decantedliquid,ifany.
Operating Step 1
Foroperatingstep1,makethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParameters
dialogbox:
ChangetheStartupoptionfieldto1Startwithtotalreflux.
IntheProductassignmentarea,enter2intheDistillatetank#field.
IntheFirstspecvaluefield,enter5asthevalueoftherefluxratio.
IntheSecondspecvaluefield,enter2.
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IntheOperationstepstopoptionsarea,settheStopwhenoptiontoDistillate,
settheMeasuredvariableoptiontoMolefraction,andenter0.2intheStop
valuefield.IntheComponentfieldthatnowappears,select2NButane.
IntheMin.runtimefield,enter0.5.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtomoveontothenextoperating
step.
Operating Step 2
Foroperatingstep2,makethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParameters
dialogbox:
Enter2intheDistillatetank#field.
Enter20intheFirstspecvaluefieldand2intheSecondspecvaluefield.
StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNButaneinthedistillateis
0.985.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtomoveontothenextoperating
step.
Operating Step 3
Followthesestepsforoperatingstep3:
1. MakethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParametersdialogbox:
Enter3intheDistillatetank#field.
Enter25intheFirstspecvaluefieldand2intheSecondspecvaluefield.
StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNButaneinthe
accumulatoris0.99.
2. ClicktheAdditionalSettingstab.Hereyouwillspecifytheadditionof20
molesofmixturetothepot,withacompositionof40%butaneand60%
hexane.ChecktheAddmaterialtopotboxandthenclickOKtobringupthe
EditBatchChargedialogbox.
3. InthePrespsiafield,type16.7,thenpress[TAB]andtype0intheVapor
Fractionfield.
4. Enterthefollowingcompositionsettings:
SettheCompunitfieldtomolefrac.
Enter0.6intheNButanefield.
Enter0.4intheNHexanefield.
Enter20intheTotalflowfield.
5. ClickOKtocontinuetothenextoperatingstep.
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Operating Step 4
Foroperatingstep4,makethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParameters
dialogbox:
Enter4intheDistillatetank#field.
Enter15intheFirstspecvaluefieldand2intheSecondspecvaluefield.
StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNHexaneinthedistillateis0.2.
IntheMin.runtimefield,enter0.5.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtomoveontothefinaloperating
step.
Operating Step 5
Foroperatingstep5,makethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParameters
dialogbox:
Enter4intheDistillatetank#field.
Enter25intheFirstspecvaluefieldand2intheSecondspecvaluefield.
StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNHexaneintheresidual
chargeatthebottomofthecolumnis0.9998.
IntheMin.runtimefield,enter0.5.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtocontinue.
Figure 11-43: The Run Time Information dialog box
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Forthisexample,thedefaultdisplayaplotofdistillatemolefractionsforall
fourcomponentsiswhatyouwant,soclickOKtobringuptheBatchDistillation
menu.
Figure 11-44: The Batch Distillation menu
Thismenuprovidesaccesstotheentryscreensforalldefinedoperationsteps,as
wellasoptionsforinserting,deleting,andcopyingoperationsteps.Youmightwant
toreviewtheoperatingstepsandverifyyourentriesbeforerunningthesimulation.
Whenyouarefinished,clicktheExitbuttontoclosethemenu.
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Figure 11-45: The completed Batch Column Plots dialog box
4. ClickOKtoviewthecompositeplot,whichshouldresembleFigure1146.
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Figure 11-46: Composite plot showing composition of distillate over time
Revieworprinttheresultsasneeded,andthenclosetheplottabtoreturntothe
simulation.
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Figure 11-47: The Batch/Dynamic Options dialog box
3. ClickOKtoreturntotheConsolidatedReportmenu.
4. Togeneratethereport,clickCalculateandGiveResults.Thereportdisplays
inaseparatewindow,withaformatsuitableforprinting.Youcanedit,save,
andprintthereportasneeded.
5. Whenyoufinishreviewingandworkingwiththereport,closethereport
windowtoreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
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Piping Tutorial
Apipingnetworkrepresentstheflowoffluidsthroughseveralpiecesofequipment.
Ifsufficientvariables(flowrateandpressure)arespecifiedonthepipingnetwork,
CHEMCADcalculatestheunknownvariables.
Forfluidflowthroughequipment,flowratemaybecalculatedasafunctionof
theinletandoutletpressure.Ifyouknowanytwoofthesethreevariables,
CHEMCADcancalculatethethird.
Inthistutorial,youwillworkwithCHEMCADspipingfeatures.Youwill
performcontrolvalveandorificesizingandrating;simulatecomplexpiping
networks;usefeedbackcontrollers;calculateNPSH;andmakeappropriate
equipmentselections.
Problem Statement
Forthispartofthetutorial,referencetheflowsheetshowninFigure1148.This
exampleiscalledExample1,anditslocatedintheMy
Simulations\Examples\Pipingfolder.
D-1
-9F
225 psig
D-2
-1F
15 psig
D-3
-28F
0.2 psig
Figure 11-48: Diagram of control valve sizing example
Youneedtosizecontrolvalvesforhandlingaflowof113,000lb/hrofliquid
ammoniaineachlinecomingfromvesselD1.Youmustselectproperlysizedvalves
andthendeterminethepercentopenforeachvalveattheratedservice.
Toperformtheinitialsizing,allyouneedarestreamswiththecorrectproperties
(seeFigure1149).Itisnotnecessarytomodelthetanks.
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1
1 2
Figure 11-49: Streams for initial sizing
AllthreestreamsinFigure1149areattheinletconditionsof9Fand225psig.
Thedividersplitsthe226,000lb/hrflowintotwoequalflowsof113,000lb/hrof
ammonia.
Toperformtheinitialsizing,followthesesteps:
1. ClicktheRunAllbuttononthemainCHEMCADtoolbartocalculatethe
flowinformationforstreams2and3.Bothstreamsshouldbeat9F,225
psig,and113,000lb/hrofammonia.
2. Clickstream2toselectit.Thestreamisselectedwhenitisshownbracketed
byblacksquares.SelectSizing>ControlValvetobringuptheControlValve
Sizingdialogbox.
Figure 11-50: The Control Valve Sizing dialog box
3. IntheDownstreampressurefield,enter15.ClickOKtodisplayacontrol
valvesizingreportinaseparatewindow.CHEMCADreportstheproperties
ofthestreamandthecalculatedparametersforthevalve.
4. Repeattheprocedureforstream3,usingadownstreampressureof0.2psig.
Rating Case
Thenexttaskistoratethesevalvesinasimulation.Youneedtodeterminethevalve
positionforthesevalvesinthisserviceat113,000lb/hr.Sincethistaskmodelsthe
behaviorofthecontrolvalves,youwillneedaslightlylargerflowsheet,asshownin
Figure1151.
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1 3
1 2
4
2
3 6
5
Figure 11-51: Flowsheet for rating valves in a simulation
TheflashUnitOpsattheendarenotnecessary;theyareincludedtoillustratethe
vaporandliquidflowratesinseparatestreamsifflashingoccurs.
Thedividerisstillsetto113,000lb/hr,andtheflashtanksaresettothemode
calledSpecifyTandP;calculateV/FandHeat.FlashUnitOp#2issetto1Fand15
psig.FlashUnitOp#3issetto28Fand0.2psig.
Followthesestepstoratethecontrolvalves:
1. Doubleclicktheiconforcontrolvalve#4toopentheControlValvedialog
box.
Figure 11-52: The Control Valve dialog box
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2. IntheValveflowcoefficient(Cv)field,enter36.IntheDownstream
pressurefield,enter15.SelecttheOperatingmodeoptioncalledFix
flowrate,adjustvalveposition.ClickOK.
3. Nowdoubleclicktheiconforcontrolvalve#5.Forthisvalve,selectthesame
operatingmodethatyouusedforvalve#4.Specifyavalveflowcoefficientof
54andadownstreampressureof0.2psig,andthenclickOK.
4. ClicktheRunAllbuttononthetoolbartorunthesimulation.
5. Toviewtheresults,firstclickablankareaoftheCHEMCADworkspaceto
ensurethatnoUnitOpsarecurrentlyselected.ThenselectReport>UnitOps
>SelectUnitOps.
6. IntheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox,type4,press[RETURN],andthentype5.
ClickOKtobringupareportforthesetwovalves.
Thereportshowsthatvalve#4isat72.5%open,andvalve#5isat53.3%open.
Toseehowmuchvaporizationoccursacrossvalve#5,rightclickthevalveand
selectViewStreamProperties.ThisvolumechangeiswhyCHEMCADchosea
largervalveforthesecondstream.Withthevaporizationoccurringinthevalve,a
smallertwoinchvalvebodywouldbeapproachingsonicvelocitythroughthevalve
body.
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D-1
-9 F
225 psig
Cv =36 D-2
72.5 % open -1 F
30 psig (UPSET condition)
Cv =54
53.3% open D-3
-28F
0.2 psig
Figure 11-53: Vessel D-2 in an upset condition
Toanswerthisquestion,youneedaspecialUnitOpcalledanode.Anodeisa
pointinthesimulationthathasapressure,aflowcomingin,andaflowgoingout.
Thenodeunitscreateanetwork,solvingforflowrateateachpointbasedonthe
fixedpressures.Nodesareplacedontheflowsheetimmediatelyupstreamand
downstreamfromeachcontrolvalve.Figure1154showsthesystemwithnodesin
place.
11 17
6 7 9
10 11 13 15
18
12
12
19
8 10
14 16
20
Figure 11-54: Nodes located upstream and downstream from control valves
Thefunctionofthedividertosplittheincomingflowisnowhandledbynode
#6.Thenodewillbalancetheflowratessothatallstreamsenteringandexitingthe
nodeareatthesamepressure.Nodesarealsoplacedbetweentheflashvesselsand
thecontrolvalves.Atthenodesyoucanfixthepressures,andlettheflowratevary
asafunctionofvalvepositionandpressuredifference.
Toseehowthesenodesaresetup,youcandoubleclicknode#6toopenthe
Nodedialogbox.
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Figure 11-55: The Node dialog box
Thefixedpressureatthisnodeis225psig.TheinletflowmodeissettoFreeinlet
stream,andthetwooutletstreamsaresettoFlowsetbyUnitOp.Theflowintoeach
controlvalvewillbedeterminedbythecontrolvalveopeningpositionandthe
pressuredifferenceacrossthevalve.
Fornode#9,thefixedpressureissetto30psig,andfornode#10,thepressureis
0.2psig.Flowintoeachofthesenodesiscontrolledbythecontrolvalveusingthe
FlowsetbyUnitOpmode;flowoutissettoFreeOutletstream.
Thecontrolvalvesneedtobechangedtofixthevalvepositionandcalculateflow
rate.Todothis,settheOperatingmodeforeachvalvetoFixvalveposition,adjust
flowrate.
Aftermakingthischange,clicktheRunAlltoolbarbuttontorunthesimulation.
Afterrunning,youcanviewthestreamsaroundnode#6byrightclickingthenode
andselectingViewstreamcomposition.Theresultingreport(Figure1156)shows
thattheflowrateforstream11(upstreamfromD2)hasdroppedfrom113,000lb/hr
to109,138lb/hr.Thisillustratestheeffectofbackpressureontheflowratesthrough
thevalves.
Figure 11-56: Stream composition report for node #6
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Problem Statement
Thepipingsystemshownmustbedesignedtotransport120gpmofglacialacetic
acidat70140F.Thepressureattheinletisknownat20psia,andtheoutletmustbe
nolessthan20psia.Thepipingsystemanditsindividualelementsmustbesizedfor
designconditionsandthenratedatoperatingconditions.Thegoalistodetermine
theNPSHaandheadrequirementsforfuturepumpselection.
Figure 11-57: Piping isometric for this problem
ThisexampleiscalledExample2,anditslocatedinthelocatedintheMy
Simulations\Examples\Pipingfolder.
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Figure 11-58: The Pipe Sizing dialog box
3. SelecttheTypicalsizingforsinglephaseoptionandusestandardschedule
40pipe.ClickOKtoviewalinesizingreportfortheselectedstream.
Note:Sincethefluidinthissystemissubcooledliquidandallflowsareconstant,
thiscalculatedlinesizeshouldapplytoallpipinginthesystem.Theexceptionisthe
pumpsuctionpipe,whichasageneralruleshouldbeonesizelarger.
4. SelectSizing>Orificeandselectthestreamonthedischargesideofthe
pump.IntheOrificeSizingdialogbox,selectDandD/2pressuretaps,enter
3asthepipeinsidediameter,andenter100asthewaterdifferentialpressure.
ClickOKtobringupanorificesizingreportfortheselectedstream.
Note:Usingthecalculatedborehole,CHEMCADdeterminestheflowresistance
factoroftheorificeasshown:
C = Cd /( (1 4 )
1 2
Kr 2 4
C
TheorificesizingreportgivestheKrvalue,whichyouwilluselaterinthePipe
SizingandRatingdialogbox.
5. Tosizethecontrolvalve,selectstream#1andthenselectSizing>Control
Valve.IntheDownstreampressurefield,enter15,andselecttheSingleseat
option.Sincestream#1isat20psia,youaresimplysizingacontrolvalveto
produceapressuredropof5psi.ClickOKtoviewacontrolvalvesizing
reportfortheselectedstream.
6. Doubleclickcontrolvalve#4toopentheControlValvedialogbox.Enterthe
valveflowcoefficient(Cv)ofthevalvefromthesizingreport,setthevalve
positionto50%,andsettheoperatingmodetoFixflowandposition,
calculatePout.ClickOKtosavethesesettingsandclosethedialogbox.
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7. DoubleclicktheheatexchangericontoopentheSimpleHeatExchanger
dialogbox.Enterapressuredropof2psiandsettheoutlettemperatureto
140F.ClickOKtocontinue.
8. Tabulateandspecifythevalves,fittings,pipelengths,andelevationchanges
ofeachsectionofpipe.Forallofthesepipes,settheMethodfieldto2Single
Phaseflow,settheSizingoptionto0Rating,anduseflangedfittings
throughout.
Pipe#1 Pipe#3(beforecontrolvalve)
1entrance,wellrounded 1swingcheckvalve,clearway
2ballvalves 2ballvalves
4standardelbows,90degree 2tee,flowthroughrun
1tee,flowthroughbranch 1orificeplate(aspreviouslydetermined)
35feetofpiping 14feetofpiping
8elevationchange 14elevationchange
Pipe#5(aftercontrolvalve) Pipe#7(afterE1515)
2ballvalves 1ballvalve
2tee,flowthroughrun 4standardelbows,90degree
3standardelbows,90degree 1tee,flowthroughrun
1exitfrompipe 1wellroundedentrance
24feetofpiping 1exitfrompipe
2footelevationchange 157feetofpiping
5elevationchange
9. Specifythepumpoutletpressureatsomearbitraryvalue(try25psia)and
makeatrialrun.Checkthecalculatedoutletpressure.Youcantheniterateto
findtherequiredpumphead.
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1. Rightclickstream#8andselectInsertunit.ClickOKatthepopupmessage
andthenclicktheControllertoolintheAllUnitOpspalette.
2. Clickneartheexistingstreamtoplaceacontrollericonontheflowsheet.The
streamautomaticallyreroutesthroughthisicon,asshowninFigure1159.
8
7
9
7 8
Figure 11-59: Insertion of feedback controller
3. IntheControllerdialogbox,specifythefollowingandthenclickOK:
Controllermode:Feedbackward
Adjustthisvariable:Unitop,IDnumber2,Variable2Outputpressure
Untilthis:Stream,IDnumber8,Variable2Pressure
Isequaltothistarget:Constant20,Units4Pressure
Whenyourunthesimulation,thecontrollerwillautomaticallychangethepump
outletpressureuntilthepressureleavingthelastpipeunitisequalto20psia.You
nowknowtheheadrequirementsforyourpump.
Calculating NPSHA
Thenetpositivesuctionhead,betterknownasNPSH,isdefinedasthetotalpressure
availableatthepumpsuctionminusthepumpingfluidsvaporpressure.Itisalmost
alwaysreportedinfeetofpumpedfluidorwater.
EverypumphasaspecifiedNPSHrequirement(NPSHr)atagivenoperating
speed.Toensurereliableoperation,theavailableNPSH(NPSHa)mustbegreater
thantheNPSHr.Ifnot,cavitationandshortenedservicelifemayresult.
Toselecttheappropriatepump,youneedtocalculateNPSHa.InCHEMCAD,
thisisaneasytask.SimplychecktheCalculateNPSHaboxinthePumpdialogbox,
andthenrunthesimulation.NowwhenyoupullupthePumpdialogbox,the
calculatedNPSHaisdisplayed.
Note:ItisimportanttotheNPSHacalculationthattheinletpipingtothepumpbe
correctlyspecified.Ifthepipingspecificationsarenotcomplete,thepressureatthe
inletmaynotbeaccurate,leadingtoaninaccurateNPSHacalculation
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Problem Statement
Thepreviouspipingsystemhasbeenchanged.Duetothebranchedflowtothetwo
heatexchangers,theproblemisnolongerasimpleone.
Figure 11-60: Piping isometric showing branched flow
ThisexampleiscalledExample3,anditslocatedinthelocatedintheMy
Simulations\Examples\Pipingfolder.
Thebranchedflowisadifficultproblemtosolveusingthecontrollerapproach.
Bothexchangershavedifferentpipingandthereforedifferentflowrates.Youneed
anapproachwhereyousplitandrecombineflows,andhavethesimulationcalculate
thepressureandflowratesinaniterativemanner.TheNodeUnitOpgivesyouthis
flexibility.
Rememberthatanodeisapointwherepressureisuniform.Theremaybe
multipleinletsandoutlets.Theflowratesforeachstreamwillbebalancedby
CHEMCADtoreachasinglepressure.Youcanspecifythepressureorallowitto
vary.
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Figure 11-61: The flowsheet representing this piping system
InCHEMCAD,PipeUnitOpsareusedtorepresententiresectionsofpiping,
includingfittings.NodeUnitOpsareplacedwherepressureorflowrateare
unknown.
Forthisexample,assumeapressuredropof2psiacrosseachheatexchanger.
Tabulatethevalves,fittings,pipelengths,andelevationchangesofeachsectionof
pipe.Useflangedfittingsthroughout.
Pipe#1 Pipe#2(beforecontrolvalve)
1entrance,wellrounded 1swingcheckvalve,clearway
2ballvalves 2ballvalves
4standardelbows,90degree 2tee,flowthroughrun
1tee,flowthroughbranch 1orificeplate(asdeterminedabove)
35feetofpiping 14feetofpiping
Pipe#3(aftercontrolvalve) Pipe#4(toE1514)
1ballvalve 1tee,flowthroughbranch
1tee,flowthroughrun 1ballvalve
2standardelbows,90degree 1exitfrompipe
10feetofpiping 3standardelbows,90degree
26feetofpiping
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Pipe#5(fromE1514) Pipe#6(toE1515)
1ballvalve 1ballvalve
1wellroundedentrance 1exitfrompipe
3standardelbows,90degree 1tee,flowthroughrun
1tee,flowthroughbranch 1standardelbows,90degree
30feetofpiping 14feetofpiping
Pipe#7(fromE1515) Pipe#8(toV1522)
1standardelbow,90degree 3standardelbows,90degree
1ballvalve 1exitfrompipe
1wellroundedentrance 147feetofpiping
1tee,flowthroughrun
10feetofpiping
Atthistimeyoudontknowthepumpspecifications,sosetthepumptoSpecify
OutletPressureandleavethepressurespecificationblank.TheNodeUnitOpwill
solveforthepressureincrease,andsetthepumpoutletpressureaccordingly.
Setupthenodeswiththefollowinginformation:
Node3:Variablepressure,usecurrentstreamrateforinlet,flowsetby
UnitOpforoutlet,elevation=20feet
Node5:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet,
elevation=34feet
Node7:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet,
elevation=34feet
Node9:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet,
elevation=34feet
Node12:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet,
elevation=50feet
Node16:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet,
elevation=38feet
Node18:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet,
elevation=42feet
Node20(lastnode):Fixedpressure,20psia,flowsetbyUnitOpforinlet,free
outletstreamforoutlet,elevation=43feet
Oncethesimulationhasrun,checkthePumpUnitOpspressureincrease.This
tellsyoutheheadrequirementsofthepump.Usingthisinformationandtheflow
rate(120gpm),youcanconsultapumphandbooktodeterminethecorrectpump
size.
Selecting a Pump
Thefollowingpumpcurvedataisrepresentativeofthetypeofequipmentthat
wouldbeappropriateforthisapplication.
Pump Curve
90
80
1750 rpm
70
Head (ft)
60
50
1450 rpm
40
1150 rpm
30
20
0 40 80 120 160 200
Flow (gpm)
0.6
1450 rpm
0.55
1750 rpm
0.5
Efficiency
0.45
1150 rpm
0.4
0.35
0.3
0 40 80 120 160 200
Flow (gpm)
Figure 11-62: Combined pump curves for a sample pump
Toenterthiscurveintoyourpump,openthePumpdialogboxandselect
SpecifyPerformanceCurveforthepumpmode.Thissettingallowsyoutoenter
multiplespeedlinesandanoperatingspeed.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,enter1
forthenumberofspeedlinesandsetthepumpspeedto1750RPM.ClickOKto
bringupthePerformanceCurvedialogbox.
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Figure 11-63: The Performance Curve dialog box
Hereyoucanenterasmanypointsasyouwanttodefineyourcurve.
CHEMCADwillfitaquadraticequationtothepoints,creatingasmoothcurvefitfor
yourdata.
Nowthatyouhaveenteredthepumpperformancecurve,youmustaddnode
UnitOpstothesuctionsideofthepumptoallowtheflowratetovary.Inthisway,
youcancalculatethemaximumflowrateofyoursystem.
184 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Index
.CC6files,29 CCDYNAMICS,59
Addingasinglecomponent,93 CCSTEADYSTATEtutorial,122
Addingcomponentstoasimulation,42 CCTHERMtutorial,144
AllUnitOpspalette,37 CHEMCAD
ApplyComponentChangesdialogbox,96 Mainmenu,23
Applyingatemplate,92 Toolbar,23
Assigningobjectstoalayer,87 Tutorials,121
Attachingasimulationfiletoanemail,33 Gettinghelpwith,14
BatchReactor/DVSLHistoryplot,69 Installing,7
BatchResultsreport,79 Interface,17
BinaryLLEplot,80 Licensing,10
BinodalPlot,80 Modules,3
Binodal/ResidueCurvesplot,80 Openingolderfiles,33
Buildingabasicsimulation,35 Overview,1
BulkPropertiesdialogbox,97 Productsandfeatures,3
C++,usingtocreateacustommixingrule,104 Systemrequirements,7
C++,usingtocreatecustomthermodynamics,102 Usercomponentsin,30
CallingChemstations,15 CHEMCADCoachpane,27
Cases,saving,32 CHEMCADDialogEditor,101
CCBATCHtutorial,154 CHEMCADExplorer,introduced,18
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 185
Index
CHEMCADSymbolEditor,98 Customizingthermodynamics,102
CHEMCADtutorials DatainterfacestoCHEMCAD,107
CCBATCH,154 DataMapExecutionRulesdialogbox,111
CCSTEADYSTATE,122 DataMaps,creating,108
CCTHERM,144 Databoxes,82
Piping,170 DefaulticonforUnitOp,37
Chemicalcomponents,selecting,41 Definingstreams,46
Chemstationswebsite,15 DefiningUnitOps,47
Coach,27 Deletingatemplate,92
COMinterfaces,117 Dialogbox,customizing,101
ComponentObjectModel(COM),117 DialogEditorutility,101
Components DistCurveCharacterizationdialogbox,96
Adding,42 Distillationreport,78
Finding,41 Dongle
Removing,43 ForCHEMCADlicensing,10
Selecting,41 Reprogramming,12
CompositeCurvesplot,80 Drawingaflowsheet,36
ConnectingstreamstoUnitOps,38 Drawingstreamsonaflowsheet,38
Consolidatedreporting,79 Drawingtools,40
ControlValveSizingdialogbox,54 DynamicColumnHistoryplot,69
ControllerConvergenceplot,81 DynamicColumnHistoryreport,69
ConvergenceParametersdialogbox,62 Dynamicoperation,settingup,61
Costingcalculations,customized,100 Dynamicplots,81
CreatingacustomUnitOpdialogbox,101 DynamicRunTimeScheduledialogbox,64
Creatingalayer,86 Dynamicsimulation,running,66
Creatinganewsimulation,31 Dynamicsimulations,strategiesfor,61
Creatingatemplate,92 DynamicStreamHistoryplot,69
CreatinganExcelDataMap,108 DynamicStreamHistoryreport,70
Creatingcustomcomponents,93 DynamicUnitOpHistoryreport,70
CreatingExcelUnitOps,113 DynamicsMenu,63
CreatingcustomUnitOps,100 Dynamicsreports,79
CurveTemperatureCutRangesdialogbox,96 Dynamics
Customcomponents,93 Additionalinputfor,60
Customenthalpymodel,102 Defined,59
CustomKvaluemodel,102 Output,68
Custommixingrule,creatingusingVBA,104 Plottingresults,69
Customreaction,creatingusingVBA,104 RecordingstreamsandUnitOps,65
CustomUnitOpicon Runningonestepatatime,67
Creating,98 Textbasedresults,69
Addingtoasubpalette,99 Toolbarbuttonsfor,62
CustomUnitOp,creatingusingVBA,104 EditDistillationCurvesmenu,97
CustomUnitOps,creating,100 EditFeedStreamsbutton,46
Customizedcostingcalculations,100 EditStreamGroupdialogbox,73
CustomizingCHEMCAD,91 EditStreamsdialogbox,46
CustomizingtheCHEMCADscreen,23 Ellipsetool,40
186 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Index
Emailingasimulation,33 Linetool,40
EngineeringUnitSelectiondialogbox,36 LockedforEditingdialogbox,31
Engineeringunits Lowfidelitymodeling,defined,49
Changingforreports,72 Mainmenu,23
Selecting,36 ManageComponentDatabasesdialogbox,94
Enthalpyoptions,selecting,44 MassandEnergyBalancesreport,79
Equipmentparameters,specifying,47 Messagespane,22
Equipmentsizing,introduction,50 Movingapane,25
ErrorsandWarningstab,onMessagespane,22 MovingUnitOpicons,38
Examplefiles,30 Multilinetool,40
ExcelDataMapEditor,108 MySimulationsdirectory,32
ExcelDataMappingfeature,defined,107 Neutralfileimport,97
ExcelDataboxSettingsdialogbox,84 NewComponentdialogbox,93
Excelrangeboxes,84 Newsimulation,creating,31
ExcelUnitOps,creating,113 Notestab,onMessagespane,23
Flowsheetdataboxes,82 OlderCHEMCADfiles,33
Flowsheettemplates,91 OleforProcessControl(OLE),114
Flowsheets,drawing,36 OPC
Flowsheetbasedgraphs,80 Applications,114
GlobalEnthalpyOption,45 Compliance,114
GlobalKValueOption,45 Namespace,116
Graphicalreports,80 Serveroperations,115
Grid,26 OPCserver,usingCHEMCADas,114
Groups Opencommand,31
Stream,72 Openinganexistingsimulation,31
UnitOp,76 OpeninganolderCHEMCADfile,33
HeatCurvesplot,81 Palettepane,introduced,20
Hidingalayer,88 Palettes,customizing,21
Highfidelitymodeling,defined,49 ParticleSizeDistributionreport,76
HydrocarbonCorrelationdialogbox,96 PFDprinting,88
Icons,creating,98 PFDs,82
InstallingCHEMCAD,7 PhaseEnvelopesplot,80
Jobfiles,29 Pinningandunpinningpanes,25
Kvalueoptions,selecting,44 PipeProfileplot,81
Layers,85 Pipingtutorial,170
Assigningobjectsto,87 PlotsinCHEMCAD,80
Creating,86 Plots,dynamic,81
Deleting,88 Plottingdynamicresults,69
Hidingandviewing,88 PlugFlowReactorProfileplot,81
Removingobjectsfrom,88 Polygontool,40
LicenseSettingsscreen,11 Printingaprocessflowdiagram,88
LicensingCHEMCAD,10 PrintingCHEMCADreports,82
Licensing,fordynamics,59 Processflowdiagrams,82
Licensing,forhighfidelitymodeling,58 Properties,ofstreams,46
Linesizing,51 PseudocomponentCurvesplot,81
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 187
Index
PseudocomponentCurvesreport,76 Selectingcomponents,41
Pseudocomponentrange,defining,96 Selectingengineeringunits,36
RecordStreamsdialogbox,65 SelectingKvalueandenthalpyoptions,44
RecordingstreamsandUnitOpsfordynamics,65 Selectiveprinting,85
Rectangletool,40 Settingruntimefordynamics,63
Redocommand,26 Simulationfiles
RegressComponentPropertiesmenu,95 Introduced,29
Regressingdataintoauseraddedcomponent,95 Creating,31
Reliefdevicesizing,57 Emailing,33
Removingcomponentsfromasimulation,43 Opening,31
Renamingatemplate,92 Overviewofbuilding,35
ReportFormatdialogbox,71 Saving,32
Reportsetup,71 Simulation,running,48
Reportsfordynamicsimulations,69 Singlecomponent,adding,93
Reports Sizing,introduction,50
Dynamics,79 Specsheetreport,77
Printing,82 Specsheets,outputtoExcel,113
Streamcompositions,74 SpecifyingUnitOps,47
Streamproperties,75 Startinganewsimulation,31
UnitOpbased,76 Streamboxes,82
Reprogrammingadongle,12 Streamcompositionreports,74
Reroutingastream,39 Streamcomposition,viewing,75
ResettoInitialStatebutton,67 Streamgroups,creating,72
ResidueCurvesplot,80 StreamPropertiesplot,80
Resizingapane,24 Streampropertyreports,75
ResizingUnitOpicons,38 Streams
Results,reviewing,48 Drawingonaflowsheet,38
Reviewingrunresults,48 Defining,46
Routingstreams,39 Rerouting,39
RunfromCurrentStatebutton,66 Switchingtodynamics,61
RunfromInitialStatebutton,66 SymbolEditorutility,98
Runtime,setting,63 Symbols,creating,98
RunTracetab,onMessagespane,22 Technicalsupport,contacting,15
Runningadynamicsimulation,66 Templates
Runningasimulation,48 Applying,92
SaveAscommand,32 Creating,92
SaveasInitialStatebutton,68 Defined,91
Savingasimulation,32 Deleting,92
Savingdifferentcases,32 Renaming,92
SearchforUnitOp(s)field,21 Textreports,71
SearchOptionsdialogbox,42 Texttool,40
SelectComponentsdialogbox,41 ThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,45
SelectDataMapdialogbox,111 Thermodynamicsreport,78
SelectDestinationDatabasedialogbox,94 Thermodynamicssettings,manuallyselecting,45
SelectSingleComponentdialogbox,95 ThermodynamicsWizard,44
188 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
Index
Thermodynamics,customizing,102 UnitOpbasedplots,81
Thermophysicaldatagraphs,80 UnitOpbasedreports,76
Toolbar,23 UpdateSimulationFormatdialogbox,34
Topologyreport,78 UpdatingaCHEMCADlicense,12
TowerProfilesplot,81 Userspecifiedfile,plotting,81
TPboxes,83 ValveTraydialogbox,55
TPXYplot,80 VBA
TraySizingdialogbox,55 Custommixingrules,104
Undocommand,26 Customreactions,104
UnitOpboxes,83 CustomUnitOps,104
UnitOpdialogbox,customizing,101 UsingtocustomizeCHEMCAD,104
UnitOpgroups,creating,76 VBAdefinedmixingrule,using,106
UnitOpicons VBAdefinedreaction,using,105
Creatingcustomized,98 VBAdefinedUnitOp,using,106
Manipulating,38 VesselSizingdialogbox,53
UnitOps ViewPropertyOptionsdialogbox,75
Addingtoaflowsheet,36 View/EditComponentDatamenu,94
Selectingdefaulticonfor,37 Viewingalayer,88
Listingofallavailable,5 WebsiteforChemstations,15
Specifying,47 ZoomOptionsmenu,27
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 189
Allmaterial2007Chemstations,Inc.