Anchor Windlass

July 2015

Rule Note
NR 626 DT R00 E

Marine & Offshore Division

92571 Neuilly sur Seine Cedex France
Tel: + 33 (0)1 55 24 70 00 Fax: + 33 (0)1 55 24 70 25
Website: http://www.veristar.com
Email: veristarinfo@bureauveritas.com
2015 Bureau Veritas - All rights reserved

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BV Mod. Ad. ME 545 L - 7 January 2013
 RULE NOTE NR 626

NR 626
Anchor Windlass

SECTION 1 ANCHOR WINDLASS

July 2015
 Section 1 Anchor Windlass
1 General 3
1.1 Application
1.2 Definitions
1.3 Main particulars
1.4 Case of smaller ships
2 Performances and strength 3
2.1 General
2.2 Continuous duty pull
2.3 Temporary overload
2.4 Hoisting speed
2.5 Brake capacity (Holding Load) HL
2.6 Prime mover system brake
2.7 Chain stoppers
2.8 Strength
3 Materials 4
3.1 General
3.2 Cable lifter
4 Powering systems 4
4.1 Hydraulic systems
4.2 Electrical systems
5 Attachment to deck 5
5.1 Deck reinforcement under windlass chain stopper
5.2 Additional requirements for windlasses located on fore deck
6 Approval procedure 7
6.1 Plans and particulars to be submitted for review
6.2 Workshop inspection and testing
6.3 On-board working test of windlass
6.4 Type approval
7 Alternative method to brake capacity test at workshop 8
7.1 General
7.2 Minimum torque calculation
7.3 Achieved torque
7.4 Strength assessment

2 Bureau Veritas July 2015

 NR 626, Sec 1

SECTION 1 ANCHOR WINDLASS

Symbols

ReH : Minimum specified yield stress of the steel con- relative to the brake capacity and strength (see [2.5] and
sidered, in N/mm2 [2.8]) are satisfied, and that the hoisting power and speed
are demonstrated to be sufficient and suitable for the mass
R'lim : Minimum yield stress of the aluminium alloy
of the associated chain and anchor.
considered, in N/mm2, to be taken equal to the
minimum value, in welded condition, between
R'p0,2 (proof stress) and 0,7 R'm (tensile strength), 2 Performances and strength
where R'p0,2 and R'm are defined in NR561 Hull
in Aluminium Alloys, Design Principles, Con-
struction and Survey. 2.1 General

2.1.1 The windlass is to achieve the following minimum

1 General
performances in order to efficiently and safely conduct its
main functions.
1.1 Application
1.1.1 The anchor windlasses of ships covered by NR467 2.2 Continuous duty pull
and NR600 are to comply with the requirements of the
present Note. 2.2.1 The windlass prime mover is to be able to exert for at
Note 1: NR467 Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships least 30 minutes a continuous duty pull, Zcont, in kN, corre-
NR600 Hull Structure and Arrangement for the Classification of sponding to the grade and diameter, d, in mm, of the chain
Cargo Ships less than 65 m and Non Cargo Ships less than 90 m cables as indicated in Tab 1.
Note 1: The value of Zcont is based on the hoisting of one anchor at
1.2 Definitions a time, with the effects of buoyancy and hawse pipe efficiency
(taken equal to 70%) accounted for.
1.2.1 Windlass
A windlass is a winch designed to wind or unwind chains of Table 1 : Continuous duty pull
ships anchors.

1.2.2 Cable lifter Grade of chain Zcont

A cable lifter is a special socketed wheel fitted on the wind- Q1 0,0375 d
lass, designed to receive and drive the anchor chain. It Q2 0,0425 d
should have at least five snugs and be declutchable from the
drive. Q3 0,0475 d

1.3 Main particulars 2.3 Temporary overload

1.3.1 The windlass is to be power driven and suitable for
the size of chain cable and the mass of the anchors.
1.3.2 The windlass is to be fitted in a suitable position in
order to ensure an easy lead of the chain cables to and
through the hawse pipes.
2.3.1 The windlass prime mover is to be able to provide the
necessary temporary overload for breaking out the anchor.
This temporary overload or "short term pull" is to be at least
1,5 times the continuous duty pull Zcont applied for at least 2
minutes.

1.3.3 For each chain cable, a chain stopper is normally fit-
ted, arranged between windlass and hawse pipe.
1.4 Case of smaller ships
1.4.1 In mechanically propelled ships of less than 200 t
gross tonnage, a hand-operated windlass or one of the
cargo winches may be accepted, provided the requirements
2.4 Hoisting speed
2.4.1 The mean speed of the chain cable during hoisting of
the anchor and cable is to be at least 9 m/min. For testing
purposes, the speed is to be measured over two shots of
chain cable and initially with at least three shots of chain
(82,5 m in length) and the anchor submerged and hanging
free.

July 2015 Bureau Veritas 3

NR 626, Sec 1

2.5 Brake capacity (Holding Load) HL
2.5.1 A windlass brake is to be provided with sufficient
capacity (holding load) to stop the anchor and the chain
cable when paying out, and during all other stages of moor-
ing maneuvers.
2.5.2 Based on mooring line arrangements, the capacity
HL, in kN, of the windlass brake is to be sufficient to with-
stand the loads as defined in NR467, Pt B, Ch 9, Sec 4, [3.5]
or NR600, Ch 5, Sec 5, [4.1], as applicable.
2.5.3 Alternatively, at the request of the interested parties, if
duly justified, other values of windlass brake capacity may
be accepted by the Society on a case by case basis. HL is to
be therefore verified by test and/or calculations at the satis-
faction of the Society and this acceptance is to be formally
documented on an annex to the Classification certificate.
2.8.4 Attention shall be paid to stress concentrations in
keyways and other stress raisers and also to dynamic effects
due to sudden starting or stopping of the prime mover or
anchor chain.
3 Materials
3.1 General
3.1.1 Windlass and chain stoppers may be cast compo-
nents or fabricated from plate materials. The material in cast
components shall be cast steel or nodular cast iron with
elongation at break not less than 18%. Plate material in
welded parts shall be of grade as given in Tab 2.
Table 2 : Steel grades for plates

2.5.4 HL is to be assessed, among other performances to be Plate thickness t, Normal strength High strength
reached, either during workshop/facilities tests or by calcu- in mm structural steel structural steel
lations.
t < 20 A AH
20 < t < 25 B AH
2.6 Prime mover system brake
25 < t < 40 D DH
2.6.1 The prime mover system of the windlass is to be 40 < t < 150 E EH
capable of withstanding, without slipping, a static load
Note 1: For plates above 40mm joined with fillet / partial
exerted on the cable-lifter equal to 1,3 times the continuous
penetration welds, grade D will normally be accepted.
duty pull Zcont, when the control drive system is in the neu-
tral position (off), and/or when the power supply has been
cut-off. Thus, electric windlasses are to be provided with an 3.2 Cable lifters
automatic brake control system.
3.2.1 Cable lifter shafts and cable lifters with couplings
2.7 Chain stoppers shall be made from materials as stated in Tab 3.

2.7.1 Where a chain stopper is fitted, it is to be able to Table 3 : Cable lifters

withstand a pull of 80% of the breaking load of the chain,
without any permanent deformation of the stressed parts. Chain cable Chain cable
diameter < 46mm diameter > 46mm
2.7.2 A chain stopper designed to a recognized national or Cable lifters and Nodular cast iron or Cast steel
international standard may be accepted provided its service couplings special iron
experience is considered satisfactory by the Society.
Cable lifter shaft Forged or rolled steel, cast steel

2.8 Strength
4 Powering systems
2.8.1 Under duty pull loading condition (see [2.2]), stresses
in each torque-transmitting component are, in general, not 4.1 Hydraulic systems
to exceed 40% of ReH or R'lim of the material under these
loading conditions.
4.1.1 Hydraulic systems, when employed for driving wind-
lasses, are to comply with the provisions of NR467, Pt C,
2.8.2 When not combined with a chain stopper, the stress Ch 1, Sec 10, [14].
level in each load-bearing part of a windlass loaded at
brake capacity (see [2.5]) is not to exceed ReH or R'lim (no
permanent deformation allowed). 4.2 Electrical systems

2.8.3 When combined with a chain stopper, the stress level 4.2.1 Electrical systems, when employed for driving wind-
in each load-bearing part of a windlass loaded at brake lasses, are to comply with the provisions of NR467, Pt C,
capacity (see [2.5]) is not to exceed 66% of ReH or R'lim. Ch 2, Sec 4.

4 Bureau Veritas July 2015


5 Attachment to deck
5.1 Deck reinforcement under windlass
chain stopper
5.1.1 Local reinforcement of deck structure is to be pro-
vided in way of windlass and chain stopper, and designed
in accordance with:
a) Windlass without chain stopper
Brake capacity as defined in [2.5], associated to:
for steel and aluminium structure: a permissible
stress equal ReH or R'lim
for composites materials structure: a safety coeffi-
cient SF equal to 2.
b) Windlass combined with chain stopper
1) Windlass
Brake capacity as defined in [2.5], associated to:
for steel and aluminium structure: the permissi-
ble stress equal to 0,66 ReH or 0,66 R'lim
for composites materials structure: a safety coef-
ficient SF equal to 3.
2) Chain stopper
Design load as defined in [2.7], associated to:
for steel and aluminium structure: a permissible
stress equal to ReH or R'lim
for composites materials structure: a safety coef-
ficient SF equal to 2.
5.1.2 As far as practicable, deck reinforcements are to be in
line with the windlass frame, for proper load transmission.
5.2 Additional requirements for windlasses
located on fore deck
5.2.1 General
Additional requirements provided under this sub-article
apply only to windlasses located within the forward quarter
length of the ship.
These requirements apply to all ship types of sea going ser-
vice of length 80 m or more, where the height of the
exposed deck in way of the item is less than 0,1 L or 22 m
above the summer load waterline, whichever is the lesser.
Where mooring winches are integral with the anchor wind-
lass, they are to be considered as part of the windlass.
The strength of deck framing and hull structure supporting
the windlass and its securing bolt loads as defined in [5.2.2]
is to be checked according to relevant criteria in NR467, Ch
7, Sec 1 or Ch 7, Sec 2 or Ch 7, Sec 3, as applicable.
5.2.2 Loading
The following pressures and associated areas are to be
applied (see Fig 1):
200 kN/m normal to the shaft axis and away from the
forward perpendicular, over the projected area in this
direction
150 kN/m parallel to the shaft axis and acting both
inboard and outboard separately, over the multiple of f
times the projected area in this direction, where:
July 2015
NR 626, Sec 1
f = 1 + B / H, without being greater than 2,5
B : Width of windlass measured parallel to the
shaft axis.
H : Overall height of windlass.
Forces in the bolts, chocks and stoppers securing the wind-
lass to the deck are to be calculated. The windlass is sup-
ported by N bolt groups, each containing one or more bolts,
see Fig 2.
The axial force Ri in bolt group (or bolt) i, positive in ten-
sion, may be calculated from:
Rxi = (Px h xi Ai ) / Ix
Ryi = (Py h yi Ai ) / Iy
Ri = Rxi + Ryi - Rsi
where:
Px : Force, in kN, acting normal to the shaft axis
Py : Force, in kN, acting parallel to the shaft axis,
either inboard or outboard whichever gives the
greater force in bolt group i
h : Shaft height above the windlass mounting, in cm
xi , yi : x and y coordinates of bolt group i from the cen-
troid of all N bolt groups, positive in the direc-
tion opposite to that of the applied force, in cm
Ai : Cross sectional area of all bolts in group i, in
cm
Ix : Ai xi for N bolt groups
Iy : Ai yi for N bolt groups
Rsi : Static reaction at bolt group i, due to weight of
windlass.
Shear forces Fxi , Fyi applied to the bolt group i, and the
resultant combined force Fi may be calculated from:
Fxi = (Px - g M) / N
Fyi = (Py - g M) / N
Fi = (Fxi + Fyi)0,5
Where:
: Coefficient of friction, taken equal to 0,5
M : Mass of windlass, in tonnes
g : Gravity acceleration, taken equal to 9,81 m/s2
N : Number of bolt groups
The design of the supporting structure are to take also into
account the axial tensile and compressive forces Rxi, Ryi, Ri,
and lateral forces Fxi, Fyi, Fi, calculated for bolt groups
according to formulae above.
5.2.3 Strength requirements
Tensile axial stresses in the individual bolts in each bolt
group i are to be calculated. The horizontal forces Fxi and Fyi
are normally to be reacted by shear chocks. Where "fitted"
bolts are designed to support these shear forces in one or
both directions, the von Mises equivalent stresses in the
individual bolts are to be calculated, and compared to the
stress under proof load. Where pour-able resins are incor-
porated in the holding down arrangements, due account is
to be taken in the calculations.
The safety factor against bolt proof strength is to be not less
than 2,0.
Bureau Veritas 5
NR 626, Sec 1

Figure 1 : Direction of forces and weight

 






    


   
 *



Note that Py is to be examined from both inboard and outboard directions separately - see [5.2.2].
The sign convention for yi is reversed when Py is from the opposite direction as shown.

Figure 2 : Sign convention


 
 




 
     






Coordinates xi and yi are shown as either positive (+ve) or negative (ve).

6 Bureau Veritas July 2015


6 Approval procedure
6.1 Plans and particulars to be submitted
for review
6.1.1 The following plans showing the design specifica-
tions, the standard of compliance, engineering analyses and
details of construction, as applicable, are to be submitted to
the Society for evaluation:
Windlass technical specifications; anchor and chain
cable particulars (diameter and steel grade); main per-
formances; standard of compliance
Windlass arrangement plan showing all of the compo-
nents of the anchoring/mooring system such as the
prime mover, shafting, cable lifter, anchors and chain
cables; mooring winches, wires and fairleads, if they
form part of the windlass machinery; brakes; controls;
etc
Dimensions, materials, welding details, as applicable,
of all torque-transmitting components (shafts, gears,
clutches, couplings, coupling bolts, etc.) and all load
bearing components (shaft bearings, cable lifter,
sheaves, drums, bed-frames, etc.) of the windlass and of
the winch, where applicable, including brakes, chain
stopper (if fitted) and foundations
Hydraulic piping system diagram along with system
design pressure, relief valve setting, bill of materials,
typical pipe joints, as applicable
Electric one line diagram along with cable specification
and size; motor controller; protective device rating or
setting; as applicable
Control, monitoring and instrumentation arrangements
Engineering analyses for torque-transmitting and load-
bearing components demonstrating their compliance
with recognized standards or codes of practice. Analy-
ses for gears are to be in accordance with a recognized
standard
Windlass foundation structure, including under deck
supporting structures, and holding down arrangements
Plans and data for windlass electric motors including
associated gears rated 100 kW (135 hp) and over.
6.2 Workshop inspection and testing
6.2.1 General
Windlasses are to be inspected during fabrication at the
manufacturers' facilities by a Surveyor for compliance with
the approved plans.
6.2.2 Material
Material certificates of the main structural parts, including
main shaft and brake are to be available.
6.2.3 Prime mover
For electric motors of more than 50 kW, Type Approval doc-
uments must be available.
For hydraulic windlass, the hydraulic system is to be tested
at 1,5 times the maximum working pressure.
July 2015 Bureau Veritas
NR 626, Sec 1
6.2.4 No-load test
The windlass is to be run without load at nominal speed in
each direction for a total of 30 minutes. If the windlass is
provided with a gear change, additional run in each direc-
tion for 5 minutes at each gear change is required.
6.2.5 Load test
The windlass is to be tested to verify that the continuous
duty pull, temporary overload and hoisting speed as speci-
fied in [2.2], [2.3] and [2.4] can be attained.
Further, in addition to other testing requirements, each
prime mover is to be tested at the shop to verify its ability to
meet the calculated power requirements. Where the prime
mover is a hydraulic motor, in addition to the hydraulic
motor, the hydraulic pump is also to be tested at the shop.
During the testing, the input/output torque, speed, delivery
pressures and flow rates of the pump and the hydraulic
motor are to be measured, as appropriate.
6.2.6 Brake capacity test
The holding Load of the brake is to be verified through test-
ing, by applying for 2 min the required load, as defined in
[2.5], on the cable-lifter.
During testing, the cable-lifter is to be disengaged from the
prime mover system.
Upon testing, a visual inspection is to be carried out to
check that there is no permanent deformation on the wind-
lass structural and mechanical parts.
For the purpose of this test, when the windlass is designed
to be fitted together with a chain stopper, the load applied
on the cable lifter is to be increased from 20% of the chain
breaking load to 30%, in order to allow visual inspection of
the structure based on permanent deformation (yield stress).
6.3 On-board working test of windlass
6.3.1 General
The working test of the windlass is to be carried out on
board in the presence of a Surveyor to demonstrate satisfac-
tory operation.
Each unit is to be independently tested for braking, clutch
functioning, lowering and hoisting of chain cable and
anchor, proper riding of the chain over the chain lifter,
proper transit of the chain through the hawse pipe and the
chain pipe, and proper stowage of the chain and anchor.
It is to be confirmed that anchors properly seat in the stored
position and that chain stoppers function as designed if fit-
ted.
The test is to demonstrate that the windlass complies with
the requirements of [2] and, in particular, that it works ade-
quately and has sufficient power to weigh the bower anchor
at the required speed (excluding the housing of the anchor
in the hawse pipe) when suspended to the maximum practi-
cable length of chain cable.
Where a double windlass or two windlasses are fitted, the
tests are to be performed on both sides.
7
NR 626, Sec 1

6.4 Type approval tmin = HL 0,5dcl

where:
6.4.1 General
At the request of the manufacturers, windlass produced in dcl : diameter of the cable-lifter, in m.
series may be Type Approved.
To achieve type approval procedure, the first windlass unit 7.3 Achieved torque
is to be fully approved as per the present note requirements,
including the load and brake tests. For each next unit, the 7.3.1 General
following points will have to be checked by the Surveyor The maximum torque achieved by the windlass brake, tactu, in
before certification can be granted individually: kN.m, is to be at least equal to tmin as defined in [7.2], so that:
Consistency with approved drawings (materials, design) t actu t min
No-load test at workshop
The achieved maximum torque may be calculated as follow:
Working test on board.
tactu = E 0,5 dd
7 Alternative method to brake capacity where:
test at workshop E : force tangential to the brake drum, in kN
dd : brake drum diameter, in m
7.1 General The calculation of E is proposed in [7.3.2] to [7.3.4] for the
following typical drum brakes arrangements:
7.1.1 Where the brake capacity test is not possible or prac-
tical at the workshop, the manufacturer is to submit calcula- Fixed in one point (in point A on Fig 3)
tions to the Society for review, demonstrating that the With two pivots (in points C and D on Fig 3)
windlass is capable of attaining the required performances With one pivot (in point E on Fig 3)
listed in [2], including a strength assessment of every load
With a rod link (in point A on Fig 3).
bearing component.
For any other brake arrangement, the torque is to be calcu-
7.2 Minimum torque calculation lated using an appropriate standard.

7.2.1 The minimum braking torque tmin, in kN.m, to be 7.3.2 Calculations for brake arrangement with one
achieved by the windlass brake in order to withstand the fixed point
requested load HL defined in [2.5] can be expressed as fol- The loads in the various parts of the brake system may be
low in the case of ordinary drum brake design: calculated according to the formulae given in Tab 4.

Figure 3 : Brake arrangement

Command wheel

Command screw
Brake drum

HL

A dd C
i d cl
Q
F2
E

h
i D
F1 B

Cable lifter

Brake band
: Angle, in degree, between the command screw and the direction of F1 force. May generally be taken equal to half the angle
between points A and B
h : Distance, in m, from the center of the brake drum to the command screw
: Total angle, in degree, of brake band coverage, taken as the sum of i

8 Bureau Veritas July 2015

 NR 626, Sec 1

7.3.3 Calculations for brake arrangement with one 7.3.4 Calculations for brake arrangement with a rod
or two pivots link
The loads in the various parts of the brake system may be The loads in the various parts of the brake system may be
calculated according to the formulae given in Tab 5. calculated according to the formulae given in Tab 6.

Table 4 : brake system with one fixed point

Tangential force E, in kN E = F1 F2
Larger force F1, in kN (1) Q cos h
F 1 = ------------------------------
0, 5 d b
Smaller force F2, in kN (1) F1
F 2 = -------

e
Force in the command screw Q, in kN (1) 2M W ( 1 tan f s )
Q = ---------------------------------------------------
-
d s ( tan + f s )
Torque in the command wheel Mw, in kN.m Mw = Fc dw
(1) See Fig 3.
Note 1: See Fig 3 for definition of , h and
: friction coefficient between the brake band and the brake drum, taken equal to 0,25 unless otherwise justified by testing.
: angle, in degree, of the command screw thread.
fs : friction coefficient of the command screw, taken equal to 0,15 unless otherwise justified.
ds : command screw mean diameter, in m, taken at the middle of the thread.
dw : command wheel diameter, in m.
Fc : force applied on each side of the command wheel, in kN. In case of manual command, this force is to be taken not
more than 0,1 kN.

Table 5 : Brake system with one or two pivots

Tangential force E, in kN Q cos h

E = ------------------------------
0, 5 d b
Larger force F1, in kN (1) e

F 1 = E ----------------

-
e 1
Smaller force F2, in kN (1) F2 = F1 E
Force in the command screw Q, in kN (1) 2M W ( 1 tan f s )
Q = ---------------------------------------------------
-
d s ( tan + f s )
Torque in the command wheel Mw, in kN.m Mw = Fc dw
(1) See Fig 3.
Note 1: See Fig 3 for definition of , h and
See Tab 4 for definitions of , , fs, ds, dw and Fc

Table 6 : Brake system with a rod link

Tangential force E, in kN E = F1 F2
Larger force F1, in kN (1) F1 = F2 e

Smaller force F2, in kN (1) Qh

F 2 = ----------------------
0, 5d b r
Force in the command screw Q, in kN (1) 4M W ( 1 tan f s )
Q = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
2d s tan + 2d s f s f t tan f s d i f t tan f s d e + f t d i + f t d e
Torque in the command wheel Mw, in kN.m Mw = Fc dw
(1) See Fig 3.
Note 1: See Fig 3 for definition of , h and
See Tab 4 for definition of , , fs, ds, dw and Fc
See Fig 4 for defition of di, and de
r : ratio L/ of the rod link, as shown on Fig 4.
ft : friction coefficient of the rod link toe, taken equal to 0,15 unless otherwise justified.

July 2015 Bureau Veritas 9

NR 626, Sec 1

Figure 4 : Rod dimensions 7.4 Strength assessment

7.4.1 General
The maximum load in each part of the windlass is to be
deduced from the maximum achieved torque tactu, in order
to check that the stress is nowhere greater than the follow-
ing admissible values:
all = R eH
L
R eH
all = -------
-
3
A special attention is to be paid to pad eyes and pins and to
the structures and frames they are welded to, to ensure
proper structural continuity.

7.4.2 Brake band pressure

In general, the pressure pb, in kN/m, between the brake
band and the brake drum is not to exceed the allowable
pressure according to the band lining manufacturers speci-
fication.
di The value of pb at maximum braking capacity is taken equal
to:
de E
p b = -----------------
( Sb )
Where:
E : Force tangential to the drum, as defined in
[7.3.1].
: Friction coefficient between the brake band and
the brake drum, as defined in Tab 4.
Sb : Contact surface, in m, between the brake band
and the brake drum, taken equal to:
dd bb
S b = ------------------------------
-
360
L, : Dimension, in m, of the rod link
Where:
di : Diameter, in m, of the rod link internal pivot
de : Diameter, in m, of the rod link external pivot.
: Total angle of brake band coverage,
as defined in Tab 4.
dd : Brake drum diameter, in m.
bb : Band breadth, in m.

10 Bureau Veritas July 2015