The Velou Crshlows & Pierammen Sqsre gap the Fenah Rowton uly 14,17), which chanpiane ben, ey iy, en ftniy, Onan of en cis pocesnes eee Ms cold cup, waned niet dents hae es fet belt ad been cut shor a yor een Radka fermen cle for edn vig om the pata ooh sehen ind he tre frs, ging them to gud guint lame Pert Polshape Solty antec hareincte Che | ‘The Gatherivag Storms Be ss ad acy begun wien ated aphex Jeter Teg Hsing on Jamun alg fhe ea al shins heron te es ofthe ea 40 The Violent Crackdown at ‘Tien-an-men Square, Jane 3-4, 1989 [ico cipal, the Yo he Soke peed wih cious ge afm injec expan In Cn, Te cory oad tng info, fling eis, wikprend omptio, fic pooiedag w widening | typi cane ewes the privy fw and te est ac, anda Ee a smi, To eo, oe ene in th preceding year Ce cpr 38, i ihe undying sor taro ht be no ad bred ‘Soom | Frsrton ad uct wc mpi many pret he ey "The fs af demasaey atl ermten easledy cited wth the of repreion aod usin, bth openly wid wee, bt iin ee Tachi alle anes ‘fo nujor eth Intematilpc heskng eof eon Se Say def enn a Pa see te tee Dale nt Liu Lavy and Sta. BeBe Seve Unio, gon md pres wie cheng ie fe of ame ‘munisn, Iai, sme, td compre somal tart he mann wor and she plied sara peed he tome ef comm ar sbpg fas sony" : "Th yar wi do gant bau ofthe many annie of i ‘nal Inger eft sive othe Fm lh Pe Req cf China Ozer, 1549 the seth tiene Me Tah Menem Cini, ode enon cron) "Bln Boia, T Cr te he Hi Doth Cnn ‘ch Coy to at hh ening once i Ml an wane So tld os or Ma Fane enh coe ce | Fatal Clings sola snarl and gene alee Gh nme, Tenpunditeporeame toe eect cause sufered a setink ling President George Bushs China inet g-Foliving eset ead at Prlptal ings geapel Sada che nas hake om te Revo sneha fa eT tat Sandy nai poe So eh ist Shand the cay a See Fe Gena Smt Can tayo keg ee ofthe ots nip Mee Chinas sae na fae ea a ny facet sit Yng Sng len md Een Be Ce e ‘if Fong and his wife attended, id ser igo muh ef a aot. At the lt mine che Chine lek eee ga paso ey Fag adi ye fam cig be nt, suming all dhrough dinner | were among the gues [The fovernment ston outraged Chinese studens and inellcrl ‘They white fran oppo vent dee wah and sen te pe » Sy She « Mare towetcass We Tiong a lars ant You ChChina After Mao Aeracny denne cu shit to yous. The deaf former neal Seetny C2 Vaoping on Apel 35 provided jst ch an op own, ised in anny gh fr bi eet ati toward de Tits Haha esse for any a embel f opens and pale ikea, Theses hors enya elabocre ‘ominotive ela, and they alo planned teen oat Shc carig of Bane nd top ford deans fr feta Speech arb, and th es al song norton ees Betew apps Peking University cueing Fs an lpn conse leafs A gid ann Ha ld, bt ay Ed ner ae al Ing ana ry ha oly, het "The psy feed to cet Hise pane; 0 do a wo hve Ben wns guy atv vi oN il, nding Teng td eer hating, Thonn of sents ae in the ets Sage cctin at Viewarmen Squat, canting "Long ive democracy Lng le feel Dov i crept" On Apa 3, ose ‘ie dhe govern by eli the spo he Geet Hal of he Tenpl, with neo hem ning swe hea sage sll isting Ble thn and shouting: “Ties how pone wee resend fo ene ows, What cia dg? We sl have te une hia need, which mesa elisveno lecdom: The svlents ope ele dass ond eons The damenstaconrin the Square forse wes, drvng inven appt Ten Ell den ate ovine welt land pac torent ual, pean were, sis a try i nde soy oe pty nl focnsBy nl My the rnb of the po democay pret ad gown Cretan Sct dancastain oo boo went he Cie Ital besa a alate of poe dat co er cae, creat & sng pele fo levn vem bth at hase and and. The rownig isto Ue lank tame on My 0, when sade of he Gini Instise ected ov the Sgt a thine sat of the Gallas ef Denosty, loa talelal upon tn Sta of Lier. Pa aed ise nocd sec of he Se ppt he ensene © He Inet Pela thst sted defn he gne poeta Mo. mab ‘The Vilont Crackdown at'Tiemowmen Square 9 oped to gui he panty toward get openness and geval aslo ‘sn inthe decen of ple ibritaen, tnagh St sees expe democracy He came into shay cote wilt Prete [i Pag tod eb vera hares suck Civea Yun, Peng Cry ead Dc den Yang Shang. nfvence by his vara te Chine henry of Scie ctencrs and four "hh tana Cho tay le vane koa he rsing tone per gen hs pordon i i cists cof. Oh than te conseraves ho ha on th Bt rund of tho ott sn yen see whe they posed Teg t diss Hi for misaning ie alot dears nw schaed to fopleate Chao aa sear pti of the deans ano ost hin fom th pot of genre sey. The Ak sdnedennosatn had uitigly bse pm nthe oc roll rage iin pry. f Saablives sw in gut damensiatins & rx epporuniy 23 seul the demoecicy movement and del economic earn. 'h fly re slp clash wk he tants and Chuo weald enable fen te LAUT thon sone, Cen Yun, the esmomis, and Yeo Lit, the vie ,atrminded 2 plot whereby Premier Li Peg at tbe tly sem and syieling wih ep to student damn, Decay spall tens into grater beligaenc. Meanie, Chao was fs suelo sexe spore of te demonstra tr win te rs] The rowing inslenee of te students end Chas sympathy for then fol dive ang into erage nd eae him ore ln, cole np aa th sts Co oe ‘eo justo he a bon pesado ose Hu wo year etes Then they fc wo itn dona nang ot tbeclae he eofomtaton oe pint whee amily each on be jusiied* ws Tiere On ppl 4, Pong muniipl party recta? atte bees of the cence elie, submited a “at repr’ w he Canal Comaitce "The net sted that bred on dent poate aga nd eet ees compile by state security ageni, eaypeted tet. the denantess hal bb sro yeas in he malin, with te vowed purpane of ging 4 Caso Pela Sacre TnI, China Heoemfe Stacie Retin Toe sete Cod pe at Ss aes rs eg «Hebe at fe ln en a Se SE Rea aie Fg ent fs Cage ae, ito, and in Ming, Hong ung, Sept. 6, 1985. ee The Party Spi: Genet Secntiry Chao Payang lke his predamos Hu Yao pang, dis tod surpcingtlrnce ofthe demanetsons and synpaly with Sedlas ndves. Ar promoter of reform and modest, be= hin ier Sa 6 th lice ai onertvoning the Commun exe, The Pls tee Stntng Commit nd Faden Tang Sang aged ic ‘rt we nan nl pened spy, oitnie ciy> Outed yen eta ee Shatin ose» ey “tent eng a) ‘pect ccs ne py ptf sone wt the Cia! Revlian aud te W986 “Ant Bost Lael ‘Sp, wo an inl forthe Ai 26 ino Pel Daly et td Clan Ra he Hanne of Oppion to tho Tapnod"The sence Of the aie we thatthe premnt yo shal gad pall Sj nt "el at had a ap te deacon fps ict nd he welt sen, Capitation to waren day seme, would pon pera county i hope but one ‘The ent ofthe ca et df Choo, whe ving Noh rand eve sends pps TE spor that he ines ba wn Tengo ice jut nth bn te yu ai and dat yory So ik ugh ‘hindi tedenonsnon Ll avg sede ered to mae Site les, they lig a chance die tho fe sd meg fa en staat, When he fly sotto met ih rane Bay sly intl dent Raden Wang nd er eth eng no som 4 aloe ot neatng tn, Merwe Sangha te pry an, Ching Teen, aed Ci Pal 2 sciovineit Of le Word Eamomic Hert, for his wodewoaney 1 Saul i ‘When Cho ened home on Ap 5 was ud by hi wv tease ipa sia nd wight oan inne oe alr bien sto pec icant wt se greets fom aaticstopin ply. He ted tw severwe Ge April 26 Slieat thn Ta, ot May na pecs fo te Aa Deeopment Bee ‘lich waning in Yen, Chae tpl the wan vison th Yost ut hs has eta tn venmen mldflb e ‘owed eine oddly oy rong pron it de ‘Stich lft mane? The boris wee en. They carpe Skat Chan Had eed edo sso nea ht id et ‘etn cle he asym era Pog ele ht Che een pera walt heat iw old el beep 2 std by Tang Lincs ing Teng age Cl of ib Teng for sidan wl Se thy Go adaware a wc Golachrs tein van te Cae cgphy Mac 5 erates nna cae ecw ey ena ic anh gai he me eee tilts ll ep we laren nn lS isa, to lay a wreath at the Heco's Mi iat ss Pia a fonument inthe center of soaference was tensed (Laem an Tes Wert og ” Patt "ung, dicectn ofthe Congal Polesl Structae [efucm Kati, ad Tu Ja — i er 1D rgb snuatcmnedueren ey ae ee het Ieom (China After Bao vr tn fing Dt et ef Cn Dy sgl eg De ede ee a ee el i ge Recents 7h dome et cv tne i Ch de dete eae opel ete satel ane leh er De a a ae anew cattng up an aieeave hedguares within th BU en a nauas i's Seed Ste sce ie oe a oot eae Gees mi ee otra eee Me eile Mgt eel nding oly he ee, ht ee re pe nentanins ad Cho They wlced te at eee er inno n ke ae irc cae ae Sn eae wpa ii Cae hla a ow Socata ai arco Fe Pe op he reel a rc wa dg eh Mela ta ‘af nn uncoutrollable mass uprising, The elders concluded tht in the = Cee ats oe nea cman shee eatiare death ica, Se eee a arbga antares ae re ems Mes aatnSrantca Keselin? Beiny Resor iy se Ha ele wer Feg Umyfing, foment Hole, Pree Yog ‘The Violent Crackdown at Tiananmen Square vert of the socialist ode, and wlimatly to a expt reson of bougess govemment, just et John Fever Dlles would have wil ‘They seasoned that che atnen ds for change wa insatiable ‘hem an inch, dey would tke ale. Whexs woud allen? They thatthe sent would noe quit wat they id overt te ‘Communist pouty sud the Four Cardinal Piseipes Cth pleases die tatophip, the seca line, the Iedcribip of dhe Communist prt ed Malena he Tigh oN). The va emit ven Yuo, aged igh, delivered an emotoal speech, pechye wth the nein of suing feat into the hess of all once *We a snd estblned she People’s Repu afer dans of seule ad gn which nudes of thousand of ov revlutonacy heer kt Jive, Are we to give ital up just tn saith students?” The cul ‘unto ait eta ad for meine dial of Chaat secetay of hepa. nly, the elec wished to cling to deposed power and conte eps ll cots; todo so ahey nd to defend the oc ones hat sible der ape sta, Kling the demons yas of no an beens they mere “ant-pany countercevlutioare” who de to beclinnated, Even dhe teat ofa J of tourism, fi inves toe, ered, end leans pled when viewed Eom the larger pewpox hal he Count ae ng ecard that he did wo er frelgn sl domes pu opin Uljlsked in any confrontation, He joumeyed to Wala n Ney 4 1 convene an enlarged meeting ofthe Miltary Commision, wile de Rupe of alin apo fer his poly ofepreon and posi sexing wp a scond headquart in cae the sation ia Peking detent, telly prepamtons were alo made fora sce igh aba falco fated To Wala, Teng wan suppor frm the Navy he Alt Fors, nd ‘ual al he ary ronal commande Tn feted es May vo he xderd Premier Li to announce the lupo of marta lw in Peking Shoe deat, Teng alo won he ealasement of his polly fet ‘eal dhe provinces and special municipal, The tage was Fora niltely crackdown, 8%: ‘The Mindset of the Gerontoeracy ‘appa eget a tt cg amg Ci extents eh sda oon‘The Violen Crackdown a Vieman-men Square guy usted from his job. On Jane 24, nee general ect. os Chine Afar Ma sihotage, eae eteugpe civil war, Folge war, and endless mass campaigns ‘fone sx or anus, dizy ad become highly seastve tothe question of salety, security, and, above allele, suvivale Obeesoed with power, hey fembreced the cne-dsnessonalview that powee was if, and life without Dower was not wort living, They believed that fu aay struggle one could Hot aoc to behind ad hue, To survive, one iad co be hard, brutal, fad eve heardess, He who struck fst gained th alvantage. Teng es pouwsel this view ansbesbodly when he dedared: "Whoever wins the bt for sate powe gts to oreupy the dae. This the way ws in the pas, al dhe way ell fit China as well os abroai."* Since thete lives, postions and privileges all depended on the survival of the socialist ‘cer, the pty ets would go to any length defend Faced with widespread esis of thei advanced age, poor health, d= cling meatal faculties, and alinstin from mzinstrea society, the con secrative ledeehip was all dhe move anxious 1 poe its eapity for vital Aeeksiernaing and forceful aeton. Yt tel sense of insecurity andl fear | ‘of change remained, Jo this confused sed pazadoicl tate, they tended to overeat be pus and precipitous a ther judgtbent, (Chiang ‘Teemsin was appointed es the _. or ee oe fel mater were lca i: ied what the Chinese dul f gd ined of Yaga xc Vc Chunar a el he pay Mibaey Conision: his half betes, eos Pee eso he Anny Cena Plt! Darna; Me oes Hote, Ws the Ays Chika andi non was comuundes ofthe 27th Atay, which waste ier aed 2-4. Teg howl could any daw fo ha "The ecakdawn policy seme from a mnisteading, whether intentional ys: experfnce in ailitary opecatieas ad cere ee ead wie Uf) icone ane cee fn lie rerio, foe 8 he the isc i war sod wt tans aad aya ea as wi of hte, Thy il > ro ee ced eae ee ae aa ree re ee eee sel win el ae epi Si ss dle Sa he ewe we od fest roa ‘wero not seen until after the crackdown. Chao, liowever, made his last ee Fargas seccetcy in charge of pesecuting more than half «millon “yal erable eee pe abu cea the uf Fling at gh feces cove tile mien sd pont Ps aera cae chet et oe | esmal hone ots fe at nd mero ; ie al Sg rk Ka tg of oy The Na hed a Mg ee heme eee eee eaea6 Chine Afser oo Se ee eee Recs pee Cie eval at het a ee Ae peated als cen ie on ge oe aor el oe lee Psi cee To ee ee oe seat te tale hag See cage caer stele te oie seer ee TT replied naga gina nig te Rae ete ee Ee ae fen ia tl ys cn Se ee aes ‘iat ioesiacg a itn fie il nf me se en eee Agency Se Jeo ens hr eae ees ces eee aes erate Se i ee econ Ci ll airs ee ie rc Kent Qt cae ee eee ee Te Se a at Se ee ee derail a ee ee bearers twee tartinpes tear obeeat et Sen ee ee ped cel ret merce herent eo rece gpm id nee rl fae adie coerce rored veces, aad soldiers with automate frou the Squace, moving along the westem section of ‘The Violent Gracklows at Tew auvmsn Square to dai. Tou bung hen, sige Hos Techie, nxt seated fm crane oles oe ae fo the emai eden, but befor te later cul Benoa fae desta w ack the Fle! Manameat ae At po fed fess ved, sigraling sath tay pce same eu oft Gees, Hal oy Induding the Tainanese pop 1 Dane lex onslaught, Soldiers and mil. of the People, thee automatic Ywenjons thing dun dumm bulls, wing elect eae pods, nals ean het, ane othe ype of pecial weaps ile tala end homed cise weg ght coe a mae Hein sulesie~mo fen Poking Univesty and nine San Tasty UnifeityHika hans tn «eee gone to peu the Geka t 0h they wee uve dovn ager wi the ate fae Shor oul sly word ie ede maa woe feat alors the boedskal hillog Bld Tie len Te Fal he ede a urge ies to sl xing othe spot ued heal psc fps or cena xd ie dy at Pager whe orapw be dil Te caage weer a ns ‘Aol accure acrounsing of che cena esthned that thace ware 00 dead end 8 lc roport by The New York Tous tried the dea ull toss 800.410n fine 6 Chinese government spoken Yann Mu end NBG aacto}ran Tom Brlaw that the whe proces of ening the ju, there jas no assy [se]. No ae wa shot down or causal ums ‘ec of armored vbleles, The ep sbcod at tee ws a lobo tie ptmany people were enshe er cnet” Hower, the pore, sent nied that tentyehrer students bad been kiledsctDeney soe sid We Sue, while g00 sles wee wounded end 50 of da ad Ons cannot guston the sight of any gorecent to defend il, noe aa xf expt to eutender suinely when tated wi he dengee oxic The question het, however, was no suri or eneos J) but mgedng with seudeu leaders to diseuesantheomupsion mearares vad 4s fnpossble, Western susces 000 amore wounded though pet onan nsf at hed ot ewe The re cearel eloe Ta e ait ay aa Te Pe eae i siya hy Catan Th ec ae as eu 38; B Ab The hr of igh sto,id Oe A ® ‘The Violent Crackdown at Vienanmen Square gag lccpinen om grad alo ed mink the people undead wha ely happened." Te acy popeganda matte then chant we ey claiming that «mass never azar, that ep by fie ce slits wes bated cn milfortton an misunderstanding of Eke salts, What he hers Pops Liberion Ary hel ge ot slo dovetail “sanetty Ti 5 aug by «all up of allan, holga, landiesed eo |], buts! cadens whe reccned ana ppt fos ese indhe Untied Stas, Brinn Hog Kooga Twn. Seoe nga ty lade” ser let tha app end enavuegannt ie hae faa testo rcpt a ep dat pple digorennca Thee lass tnenies hy deveved tbs anime, you if thy pl hea selon thy mi be eed vp ik ti lwp te el fed rer one ofthe ft Be Bought to jan wa So hos at sate; oly then eau the manta be thonngh enh pent nop poli berinaon. Hetil, dhe fe was whether tbe goremnent Jue dy callenge corey an Honey and devised uncer Appropriate to the season, ae ase eb “ho.” In st liz ‘ies rd clin mosive able demenseton iene he oe ole inplements—wter rey, ee gy and een ot ple al ih tons nd shiekt™but aot tans and gens Inthe la ep ta thst the Chine ene in Mey June 198 wa ely bee, lima ging te goverment an tse t al the penal en ster at Satyr soateerlutinaie” 1 the sogenaine bad Scr nee patient and les impale, she denonsaton weld ae er usted in to or thee wel, ice the sens had ale So elas entation to quit by June a0. Al the Hohe old ely Ite ben avo hens "There siden among many comment compe the vient evens of iy nthe Catal Ren, ut ese fae ‘feces between th 190. Fit and foenot the Calera Reve tas directed fo the tp dows by May who ted the srs Rel han oh ll com‘ Naw ve wc reoltontn fully oyun of the se ad dager of ec Struggle Isso he hanes heme OF ashe hand, de denstatine of 3989 yr suntan and pote ‘morennt sae by young adie vad feo the eco “The govenment sed tanks and gins to ers peel poten cont Fone an tl th, es tu ely ose 4 the back ofthe hea. ‘The scene was seniiscet ofthe "White Teer” pespefated aftr the roxy Bolshevik Revolution ant dung the Cull Chia in June's989 was eerily Orwellian. Big Brother was everywhere. Tales hsndel nei tig In erst ase wl et Bodies. eile ald though the sees but dil me lk hey hig song thence wd cecanly wink pacioy ee, ax. hugs, acy, and opens deappeued foes a He os fet pape cat ny ater My tbat what ha coed fe omen Squat, but nowt han dels dil not buy aig Lin ‘hough fas nubs of che ral popu, ext 08 fon ake® Be potly sccptl the oll vin: Hg Kang and aie tees ‘ouce pide meh tfonnton to papa the Ste ele Veen of Aes di sha of bodeatg neat n'a Stolp divans cl fx chin, capt sein and sile eerie’ OF lef age it was inp fr de Chine poten et 17 Padre Yok Ts J iba da,“ ORAS EA ete a eee eae and ll mininforming the Chinese public at to what To of ite — SEL TITRA Sra he eel Pp es Revriting Hissory Stadeus of oalitecen sytens sean dt Hes se routinely pepetated ding power sugges liquidations of polite) enemies. The greater the violence de greater the need for reweting hisory through distortion. Sil liquidated his Bolshevik associates on tie pretext that they clluded ‘with Leon Trothy to ouse him. Hider's Minister of Propogan,Jeaep, Goebbels, the inven o the Mig Lie dhney, claimed thatthe bigaee te i, che gree the ikehood hat people would belive it, In Chinese" past, when Chiang Ching CWMio's wife) lost hee bid to be Maa sucevoe se wis charged by the pasty, among other eximesy of being secret agent ofthe Nasonalis Paty A catastrophe as wey as tie ‘Picwanmen maaee requtced the mas ‘lune and ipl Ties os a coverup, Shoclyafiee the erackdowm, ‘Teag told a group of nilcary leer that it was ntcesey to “reat puboe Chin Afer Mao Shomemisr scours Soya eee Ser otra akan da ee Tae ‘ginning, wwe sagging The Inage of te Chins goveeat ata ete ingly ecb wenbee of the iteratina cam wih potent ‘ibs llloence i wo alin was dated beyond epate, Vir {tal unifesal condemn flowed the cack, along with ec ei a ing acy oe wt an of ee ant diplomas stig Reals with Hog Koog end Tain silfesd sorely. A mull flog Kong weslens dena w pr tat tho Feet Sua mata ted to ger tei ef Peking pledge that wuld noe the copii way of en Hong Kang lo iy yeas beyond 19g. As fo emia wh Twin, he monet bas vent tan eve Met ex a all the spo the hiner people had boon mocaly oud od the pif exprens of the cold ok mot be fgteno epven Fa long ne, Many Neti thatthe gvenment ol toc ole ang oct Mandate of Hen) we legion ip vy, and the quo of Inghinry yas very nach onthe ples inde Further Reading Anat Itoinsl People's tp of Chin: Prnnay Fading King 2)! Coe ty eto emery Ecos Sie fe 319 Yok, Reg 199) anti sty The Cul Plath Dk ond Dah of Commi Toons Cantey Cen Yale 980) ‘Gherg, yon, Send he unset Meas Sse Pltia at Eom Een Chine Cr (99) ang LER, Bciog Down the Cut Wal. Wings om een Cala nd ean nhs (Naw Yok 991). Ea by Joe Willan ond ptm we ode argc Ay "tig Diy: Bye a Ta A Men Suu” Lt “Apes Ths Maine ly 16 198, 00, 3. ‘i hapa "The sa "Calf Maly Sep, 298 1 phos ay ints Urner Stee Tame: A Ciba! Ancor Ta “Cine Set, fom 1993; 29 129 ik, Gage Cl) The Dnton Bn in After inane Een a” we ‘The Viton Gouckdonn at Tien semen Square "id, iD ch Uae et tan No Ty “Etcupe foes Tiananmen San sa akin ng ba ie Sg Fae Ue Nee em yf ty a tS ie Gg a te ‘China and Why (New York, 169). i “ath les en oe aoe a 1 de Repl Satoh te eet 2 fs Gna Aer Tan ba I Se Tay GaGa iar iL Angin He eee 199% to-19, 38-29, oe Oi tn Mn Co al of Bessa a ey te Halles Won The New 294, 66-71, vee ier absypgre Um TH New Yok rte What Happened i ‘p90 Moo Ri, eB ony ie Rectioa Cage es Cia Sh ey, “1 Rie od ao te eng acids Aenea Toy Me the Being Pepi Movement" The Aualon i a4: uy neh oe Sth Hin St Sma he Newt Pry Simo Sse tad Deb Noa Tn Fngan "Ti Ba iaonnen Square Seas, 985), ofthe Got ef Deno" Carl Moni, Mas Rig “Tin Sct Soa fs eet eg Se wonton” 1 na Inelich 3 Gangs0p)s ene Canes se ye Wis, Dei “Chis Uniupmind Rms Sedo Cada on Stele, time, Fieve, Jane 20, voy, Pare, 10 = Yong, Wins Ltn aa gt i chs Sng vadiee Nz, Oeeslonal Pspers/Reyrints Series in” Couteanporn : tides No 29 7, Seon Lam, Une nga At