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Designation: A 108 99
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
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Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
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A01.15 on Bars. Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally Warrendale, PA 15096.
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published as A 10826 T. Last previous edition A 10895. Available from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 Attn: NPODS.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Available from the American Iron and Steel Institute, 150 East 42nd St., New
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. York, NY 10017.
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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A 108 99
TABLE 1 Composition of Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars
NOTE 1Grade designations and compositions correspond to the respective AISI designations and compositions.
4.1.9 Report of heat analysis, if required, 5.3 DiscardSufficient discard shall be made to ensure
4.1.10 End use, freedom from pipe and undue segregation.
4.1.11 Additions to the specification and special or supple- 5.4 Redraw StockThe bars shall be produced from special
mentary requirements, if required, and quality hot-wrought carbon steel bars (Specification A 576) or
4.1.12 For coiled product, the coil weights, inside diameter from hot-wrought rods designated for cold-finished bars
and outside diameter limitations, when required. (Specification A 510).
NOTE 2A typical ordering description is as follows: Steel Bar, ASTM 5.5 ConditionThe bars shall be furnished in one of the
A 108, dated _____; SAE 1117; Coarse Grain; Cold Drawn; 6000 lb of following conditions as specified by the purchaser:
1.500-in. diameter by 10.0 to 12.0 ft long; Heat Analysis Required; Screw 5.5.1 Rounds:
Machine Parts.
5.5.1.1 Cold drawn,
5. Materials and Manufacture 5.5.1.2 Cold drawn, turned, and polished,
5.1 Melting PracticeThe steel shall be made by one or 5.5.1.3 Cold drawn, ground, and polished,
more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic- 5.5.1.4 Cold drawn, turned, ground, and polished,
oxygen, or electric-furnace. The primary melting may incor- 5.5.1.5 Hot wrought, turned, and polished, or
porate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by 5.5.1.6 Hot wrought, turned, ground, and polished.
secondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc 5.5.2 Squares, HexagonsCold drawn.
remelting. Where secondary melting is employed, the heat
5.5.3 Flats:
shall be defined as all of the ingots remelted from a single
primary heat. 5.5.3.1 Cold drawn or
5.2 Deoxidation: 5.5.3.2 Cold rolled.
5.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the steel may be rimmed, 5.6 Heat Treatment:
capped, semi-killed, or killed at the manufacturers option. 5.6.1 Unless otherwise specified, the bars shall be furnished
5.2.2 When required, the deoxidation practice, including as cold finished except that when the maximum of the carbon
killed steel, may be specified. range is over 0.55 % they shall be annealed for cold finishing.
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A 108 99
5.6.2 When property characteristics are required that are not 6.3 Product AnalysisA product analysis may be made by
available for the specified grade as developed in the as-rolled the purchaser. The chemical composition thus determined, as to
cold-finished condition, the following thermal treatments can elements required or restricted, shall conform to the ordered
be ordered: chemical composition subject to the permissible variations on
5.6.2.1 Annealed and cold finished, product analysis of the table (Permissible Variations for Prod-
5.6.2.2 Normalized and cold finished, uct Analysis of Carbon Steel) in Specification A 29/A 29M.
5.6.2.3 Cold drawn and stress relieved, or
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
5.6.2.4 Carbon restoration anneal to overcome surface de-
carburization on cold-drawn bars. (For round bars produced by 7.1 WorkmanshipThe bars shall be free of pipe, cracks,
turning, surface decarburization is removed during the manu- and flakes. Within the limits of good manufacturing and
facturing process.) inspection practices, the bars shall be free of injurious seams,
laps, segregation, or other imperfections which, due to their
6. Chemical Composition nature, degree, or extent, will interfere with the use of the
material in machining or fabrication of suitable parts.
6.1 Chemical Composition:
7.2 Finish:
6.1.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical composition
7.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the bars shall have a
limits specified in Table 1 for the grade specified by the
commercial bright smooth surface finish obtained by conven-
purchaser.
tional cold-finishing operations such as cold drawing, cold
6.1.2 Carbon steels not listed in Table 1 can be specified.
rolling, or turning and polishing.
Steels may be selected from Specifications A 510 and A 576;
7.2.2 When required, bars may be specified to be ground
Federal Standard 66 C; the SAE Handbook; or the AISI Steel
and polished, turned and polished, or turned, ground, and
Product Manual for Carbon Steel Bars.
polished.
6.1.3 When a steel cannot be identified by a standard grade
7.2.3 Bars that are thermal treated after cold finishing may
number in accordance with 6.1.1 and 6.1.2, the limits for each
have a discolored or oxidized surface.
required element may be specified using the chemical ranges
7.3 OilingThe bars shall be given a surface coating of oil
shown in the table (Heat Analysis Chemical Ranges and Limits
or other rust inhibitor to protect against rust during shipment.
of Carbon Steel Bars) of Specification A 29/A 29M.
6.1.4 When additional machinability-enhancing elements 8. Certification
are specified in accordance with Footnote D to Table 1, the 8.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, a
specified content of the element or elements shall be agreed manufacturers certification that the material was manufactured
upon between purchaser and supplier. and tested in accordance with this specification together with a
6.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat shall be made report of the test results shall be furnished at the time of
by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the shipment. If bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or calcium are added
elements specified. The analysis shall be made from a test in accordance with Footnote D of Table 1, the presence of these
sample preferably taken during the pouring of the heat. The additional elements shall be noted on the certification.
chemical composition thus determined shall be reported to the
purchaser or his representative when required by the purchase 9. Keywords
order, and shall conform to the specified requirements. 9.1 carbon steel bars; cold-finished steel bars; steel bars
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by
the purchaser in the inquiry, contract, or order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be
agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and the purchaser. Supplementary requirements shall in
no way negate any requirement of the specification itself.
S1. Cold Working Quality suitable for the manufacture of identified parts. The quality
requirements of individual application vary.
S1.1 The classification encompasses bars subject to severe
cold plastic deformation such as, but not limited to, upsetting, S2. Special Surface Quality
heading, forging, forward or backward extrusion.
S2.1 Special surface steels are produced with exacting
S1.2 If the type of steel or chemical composition does not control and appropriate inspection and surface preparation to
have adequate cold working characteristics, appropriate ther- minimize the frequency and degree of seams and other surface
mal treatments should be specified. imperfections.
S1.3 When Supplementary Requirement S1 is specified, the
bars shall be produced by manufacturing practices and sub- S3. Special Internal Soundness Requirement
jected to mill tests and inspection and freedom from injurious S3.1 Special internal soundness is relative freedom from
surface imperfections to the extent that the bars shall be segregation and porosity, as evaluated by means of a macroetch
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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A 108 99
test which is performed on representative billet or bar samples. be taken so that the desired mechanical property values are
The test consists of deep etching a cross section in a hot acid compatible with the chemical composition, size, and cross
solution and examination to evaluate soundness. An alternative section of the steel.
method consists of fracturing a billet section and examination S5.2 Hardenability band limits have been established for
of the fracture to evaluate soundness. 1038H, 1045H, and 1541H as well as other grades that appear
in the SAE Handbook.
S4. Nonmetallic Inclusion Requirements S6. Grain Size
S4.1 The nonmetallic inclusion requirement comprises a S6.1 The steel shall conform to either the coarse austenitic
metallographic examination of longitudinal sections to deter- grain size requirement (except as stated in S6.2), or the fine
mine the nature and frequency of the nonmetallic inclusions. austenitic grain size requirement of Specification A 29/A 29M.
Experience indicates that samples taken midway between the S6.2 Certain elements, or combinations of elements, such as
center and surface of the bloom, billet, slab, or bar are most manganese, sulfur, and lead tend to produce grain refinement
representative of the average inclusion content of the lot and it is technically inappropriate to ensure coarse grain size as
involved. The test specimen is generally heated and quenched measured by the McQuaid-Ehn test on high manganese, high
to harden it before being polished to avoid polishing pits. The sulfur, and leaded steels such as 1144, 1151, and 11L41.
specimen is examined at 100 diameters. Methods for determin- S7. Restricted Incidental Elements
ing the nonmetallic inclusion content of steel are described in
S7.1 The purchaser may specify maximum requirements for
Test Methods E 45. copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, or other elements.
S4.2 For resulfurized steels, much of the sulfur is present as
sulfide inclusions. For this reason, those steels are not generally S8. Thermal Treatment
produced to inclusion rating. S8.1 When required, the purchaser may specify that the
material be stress relieved, annealed to specified structure,
S5. Special Heat-Treating Requirements annealed to no specified structure, or normalized.
S5.1 Special heat treating (hardenability) is a term used S9. Mechanical Properties
when the purchaser specifies as a requirement the ability of a S9.1 When required, cold-finished bars can be supplied to
steel to heat treat to specified mechanical property values that mechanical properties. Mechanical properties shall be deter-
the purchaser must meet after his heat treatment. Care should mined in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
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