STI> * ASTfl A 3 ED / A 320 M- ENGL I'm Q 7 STS 1D QLtDBlM flS 3

Designation: A 320/A 320M - 99 An American National Standard

Standard Specification for

Alloy/Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 320/A 320M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense
1. Scope
1.1 This specification 2 covers alloy steel bolting materials
for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-
temperature service. The term “bolting material” as used in this
specification covers rolled, forged, or strain hardened bars,
bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts. The bars shall be hot-
wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless
grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be
solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When
strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the pur-
chaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix XI is
thoroughly understood.
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and
austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend
on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and
low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements
of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum
mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes,
and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact
energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine that the
material can conform to these requirements before parts are
manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to
meet the Table 2 impact energy values at -150°F [-101°C],
additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P
and S contents than might normally be supplied ) in the
chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required.
NOTE 1—The committee formulating this specification has included
several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the
present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by
the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users
should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may
restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are
obtainable.
1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered in
Section 9 and the nut material shall be impact tested.
1.4 Supplementary Requirements (SI , S2, and S3) of an
.
optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when
specified in the inquiry, contract and order.
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate -
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.6 The values stated in either inch- pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
cation.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and
Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Require-
ments for3
A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure and High-Temperature
Service4
A 276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes5
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products5
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products5
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials6
E 566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current ) Sorting
of Ferrous Metals7
F 436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers8
2.2 ANSI Standards:
Bl . l Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread
Form)9
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws9

1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-l on Steel, 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
AO1.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
.
Current edition approved Nov. 10 1999. Published December 1999. Originally 1
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
published as A 320 - 48 T. Last previous edition A 320 98. - 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.08.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi - 9
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
cation SA-320 in Section II of that Code. Floor, New York, NY 10036.

. . .
Copyright © ASTM 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken , PA 19428-2959 United States.

COPYRIGHT 2000 American Society for Testing and Materials Information Handling Services, 2
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 STD • ASTfl A 32 D / A 3 BDH- ENGL M U OTS 'ISIQ 0 bbQ 31S
A 320/A 320M #
TABLE 1 Mechanical Requirements
Tensile Yield Strength, Elongation
Reduction
Strength, min, ksi in 2 in. Hardness
Class and Grade, Diameter, in [mm] Heat Treatment of Area,
min, ksi [MPa] (0.2 % or 50 max
min, %
[MPa] offset) mm min, %
Ferritic Steels
L7, L7A, L7B, L7C, L70, L71, L72, L73 125 105 16 50
2 V [65] and under4 quenched and tempered [860] [725]
L43 125 105 16 50
4 [100] and under* quenched and tempered [860] [725]
L7M 100 80 18 50 235 HBS or
99 HRB
2Vz [65] and under* quenched and tempered at 1150°F [690] [550]
[620°C], min
L1 125 105 16 50
1 [25] and under* quenched and tempered [860] [725]
Austenitic Steels0
Class 1: B8, B8C, B8M, B8P, carbide solution treated 75
[515]
30
[205]
30 50
96 HRB
°
223 HB or
B8F, B8T, B8LN, B8MLN, all diameters
Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, carbide solution treated in the 75 30 30 50 192 HB or 90
B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, finished condition [515] [205] HRB
B8MLNA, all diameters
Class 2: B8, B8C, B8P, B8F, B8T: carbide solution treated and strain
hardened
3 A [20] and under 125 100 12 35 321 HB or 35
[860] [690] HRC
over 3A to 1 [20 to 25], incl 115 80 15 30 321 HB or 35
[795] [550] HRC
over 1 to 1V [25 to 32], ind 105 65 20 35 321 HB or 35
* [725] [450] HRC
over 11/4 to 1Vz [32 to 40], incl* 100 50 28 45 321 HB or 35
[690] [345] HRC
Class 2: B8M: carbide solution treated and strain
hardened
3A [20] and under 110 95 15 45 321 HB or 35
[760] [655] HRC
over % to 1 [20 to 25], incl 100 80 20 45 321 HB or 35
[690] [550] HRC
over 1 to 1VA [25 to 32], incl 95 65 25 45 321 HB or 35
[655] [450] HRC
over 11A to 1Vz [32 to 40], incl4 90 50 30 45 321 HB or 35
[620] [345] HRC

* These upper diameter limits were established on the basis that these were the largest sizes commonly available that consistently met specification property limits. They
are not intended as absolute limits beyond which bolting materials could no longer be certified to the specification.
B
To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall not be less than 200 HB or 93 HRB.
c Class 1 products are made from solution-treated material. Class 1 A products are solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance; heat treatment is
critical for enhancing this physical property and meeting the mechanical property requirements. Class 2 products are made from solution-treated material that has been
strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uniform properties throughout the cross section, particularly in sizes over %in. [20 mm]
in diameter.
° For sizes % in. [20 mm] in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HB (100 HRB) is permitted.

B 18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws9 AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-
B 18.22. 1 Plain Washers9 cation Standard10

TABLE 2 Impact Energy Absorption Requirements 3. Ordering Information

Minimum Impact Value Minimum Impact 3.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-
Size of Required for Average Value Permitted for tion shall include the following as required to describe the
Specimen, mm of Each Set of Three One Specimen Only
Specimens, ft-lbf [J] of a Set ft- lbf [J] material adequately:
All Grades Except L1 *
3.1 . 1 Specification designation latest issue, and analysis by
20 [27] 15 [20]
grade as selected from Table 3,
10 by 10
10 by 7.5 16 (22] 12 [ 16] 3.1 . 2 Heat-treated condition (that is, for the austenitic stain-
Grade L1 less steels, solution treated (Class 1 ); solution treated after
10 by 10 40 [54] 30 [41]
finishing (Class 1A), and annealed- and strain-hardened (Class
10 by 7.5 32 [44] 24 [32] 2)),
* See 6.2.1.1 for permitted exemptions. 3.1.3 Quantity (number of pieces or weight),

10
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite 200,
2.3 AIAG Standard: Southfield, MI 48034.

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 .
STD ASTM A 320 / A 320 J1- ENGL 075 *5510 0 bb 031b b 2 L>

# A 320/A 320M
3.1 .4 Description of items required ( bars, bolts, screws, or following primary processes: open-hearth , basic-oxygen,
studs), electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The
3.1 .5 Dimensions (diameter, length of point, overall length, primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refin-
finish, shape, and threads), ing. The molten steel may be vacuum-treated prior to or during
3.1.6 Nuts and washers, if required by purchaser, in accor- pouring of the ingot. The basic oxygen process shall be limited
dance with Section 9. to steels containing not over 6 % chromium.
3.1 .7 End use,
3.1 .8 Supplementary requirements, if any, and 4.2 Discard —A sufficient discard shall be made to secure
3.1 .9 Special requirements, in accordance with 4.3. 1 , 4.3. 2, freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation .
4.3.3, 7.3, 10.1 , 11.1 , and 14.1. 4.3 Heat Treatment :
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Process—The steel shall be produced by any of the

TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements (Composition, %)*

Type Ferritic
Steels
Identification
Symbol . . . .
L7, L7M, L70 L7A, L71 L7B, L72 L7C, L73 L43 L1
Chromium-Molybdenum Carbon- Chromium- Nickel-Chromium- Nickel-Chromium-
(AISI 4140, 4142, or Molybdenum Molybdenum Molybdenum Molybdenum
Grade 4145) (AISI 4037) (AISI 4137) (AISI 8740) (AISI 4340) Low-Carbon Boron
Product Product Product Product Product Product
Variation, Variation, Variation, Variation, Variation, Variation,
Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, Range,
% %
% % % % % %
Over or Over or Over or Over or Over or Over or
Under® Under® Under® Under® Under ® Under®
Carbon 0.38- 0.02 0.35- 0.02 0.35- 0.02 0.38- 0.02 0.38- 0.02 0.17- 0.01
0.48c 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.43 0.24
Manganese 0.75- 0.04 0.70- 0.03 0.70- 0.03 0.75- 0.04 0.60- 0.03 0.70- 0.04
1.00 0.90 0.90 1.00 0.85 1.40
Phosphorus 0.035 0.005 0.035 0.005 0.035 0.005 0.035 0.005 0.035 0.005 0.035 0.005
max over over over over over over
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.005 0.040 0.005 0.040 0.005 0.040 0.005 0.040 0.005 0.050 0.005
over over over over over over
Silicon 0.15- 0.02 0.15- 0.02 0.15- 0.02 0.15- 0.02 0.15- 0.02 0.15- 0.02
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.30
Nickel 0.40- 0.03 1.65- 0.05
0.70 2.00
Chromium 0.80- 0.05 0.80- 0.05 0.40- 0.03 0.70- 0.03
1.10 1.10 0.60 0.90
Molybdenum 0.15- 0.02 0.20- 0.02 0.15- 0.02 0.20- 0.02 0.20- 0.02
0.25 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.30
Boron 0.001-
0.003

Type Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1 A, and 2

°
Identification Symbol B8, B8A B8C, B8CA
Grade Unstabilized 18 Chromium-8 Nickel ( AISI Type 304) Stabilized 18 Chromium- 8 Nickel (AISI Type 347)
Product Variation, % Product Variation, %
Range, % Range, %
Over or Under® Over or Under®
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Nickel 8.0-10.5 0.15 9.0-13.0 0.15
Chromium 18.0-20.0 0.20 17.0- 19.0 0.20
Columbium + tantalum 10 x carbon 0.05 under
content, min

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 STD.ASTM A 3 BD / A 3 EDM ENGL I'm - 07STS10 DLLOSl? SbB
# A 320/A 320M
TABLE 3 Continued
Type. Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1A, and 2°
Identification B8T, B8TA B8P, B8PA B8F, B8FA B8M, B8MA
Symbol
Grade Unstabilized 18 18 Chromium- 10 Nickel-2
Stabilized 18 Chromium-8 Chromium-8 With Added Sulfur With Added Selenium Molybdenium (AISI
Nickel (ASI Type 321) Nickel ( AISI Type 305 with (Type 303) (Type 303 Se)
Type 316 )
restricted carbon)
Product Product Product Product Product
Variation, % Variation, % Variation, % Variation, % Variation, %
Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, %
Over or Over or Over or Over or Over or
Under* Under* Under* Under* Under ®

Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.15 0.01 over 0.15 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.20 0.010 over 0.20 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur 0.030, max 0.005 over 0.030, max 0.005 over 0.15, min 0.020 0.06, max 0.010 over 0.030, max 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Nickel
9.0-
0.15
10.5-
13.0
0.15 -
8.0
10.0
0.10
8.0-
10.0
0.10
10.0-
14.0
0.15
12.0
17.0- 17.0- 17.0- 17.0- 16.0-
Chromium 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 18.0
2.00-
Molybdenum 0.10
3.00
0.15- 0.03 under
Selenium 0.35
Trtanium 5 x carbon 0.05 under
content,
min

Type Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1A, and 2 °

Identification Symbol B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNA
Grade Unstabilized 18 Chromium-8 Nickel with Nitrogen Unstabilized 18 Chromium-10 Nickel-2 Molybdenum with
(AISI Type 304N with restricted carbon) Nitrogen ( AISI Type 316N with restricted carbon)
Product Variation, % Product Variation, %
Range, % Range, %
Over or Under® Over or Under*
Carbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Nickel 8.0-10.5 0.15 10.0-14.0 0.15
Chromium 18.0-20.0 0.20 16.0-18.0 0.20
Molybdenum 2.00-3.00 0.10
Nitrogen 0.10-0.16 0.01 0.10-0.16 0.01
A
The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grade B8F, in which selenium is specified and required.
* Product ana!ysis-\ ndividuaI determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individual
element in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified range.
c For the L7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28 % is permitted provided that the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of
AISI 4130 or 4130H is allowed.
° Class 1 are made from solution-treated material. Class 1A products (B8A , B8CA, B8MA, B8PA , B8FA, and B8TA) are solution-treated in the finished condition. Class
2 products are solution-treated and strain-hardened.

4.3. 1 The bolting material shall be allowed to cool to room
temperature after rolling or forging . Grades L7, L7A, L7B ,
L7C, L7 M, L43, LI , L70, L71, L72, and L73 shall be reheated
to above the upper critical temperature and liquid quenched
and tempered. Grades B8, B8C, B8M , B 8T, B8F, B8P, B8LN,
and B 8MLN shall receive a carbide solution treatment. Prod-
ucts made from such material are described as Class 1 . This
shall consist of holding the material for a sufficient time at a
temperature at which the chromium carbide will go into
solution and then cooling in air or in a liquid medium at a rate
sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of the carbide . Material
thus treated is described as Class 1 . If specified in the purchase
order, material shall be solution treated in the finished condi -
tion; material so treated is described as Class 1 A.
4.3.2 When increased mechanical properties are desired, the
austenitic bolting materials shall be solution annealed and
strain hardened if specified in the purchase order; material so
treated is identified as Class 2.
4.3. 3 If scale-free bright finish is required, this shall be
specified in the purchase order.
4.3.4 For L7 M bolting, the final heat treatment, which may
be the tempering or stress-relieving operation conducted at
1150°F [620°C] minimum, shall be done after machining or
rolling of the threads .
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall
be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of
the elements specified in Table 3 . This analysis shall be made

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 STD • ASTN A 3 2 Q / A 3 2 QM - ENGL m i
© A 320/A 320M
from a test ingot taken during the pouring of the heat. The
chemical composition thus determined shall be reported to the
purchaser or the purchaser’s representative, and shall conform
to the requirements prescribed in Table 3.
5.2 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the
purchaser from samples representing the bolting material. The
chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the
requirements prescribed in Table 3.
5.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for
the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the
requirements of another grade for which that element is a
specified element. Furthermore, elements present in concentra-
tions greater than 0.75 weight/percent shall be reported.
Chemical analysis shall be performed in accordance with Test
Methods A 751.
6. Mechanical Requirements
6.1 Tensile Properties:
6.1 . 1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
tensile properties prescribed in Table 1 at room temperature
after heat treatment (see 4.3. 1 ).
6.1.2 Number of Tests . ' 6.2. 1.2 The impact test requirements for standard and sub-
6.1.2.1 For heat-treated bars, one tension test and one
impact test consisting of three specimens shall be made for
each diameter of each heat represented in each tempering
charge. In the continuous type treatment, a charge shall be
defined as 6000 lb [2700 kg].
6.1 .2.2 For studs, bolts, screws, etc., one tension test and
one set of three impact specimens shall be made for each
diameter of each heat involved in the lot. Each lot shall consist
of the following:
Diameter, in. [mm] Lot Size, lb [kg]
1Ve [30] and under 1500 [680] or fraction thereof
Over 1 Vs [30] to 13/ [45], 4500 [2040] or fraction
incl
* thereof
Over 1V* [45] to 2Vz [65], 6000 [2700] or fraction
incl thereof
Over 2Vz [65] 100 pieces or fraction thereof
6.1.2.3 Tension and impact tests are not required to be made
on bolts, screws, studs, or stud bolts which are fabricated from
heat-treated bars furnished in accordance with the requirements
of this specification and tested in accordance with 6.1.2.1,
provided they are not given a subsequent heat treatment .
—
6.1 . 3 Test Specimens Tension test specimens taken from
finished bolts, screws, studs, or stud bolts shall be machined to
the form and dimensions and shall be taken from positions
shown in Annex A3 on Steel Fasteners, paragraph A3.2. 1.7 of
Test Methods and Definitions A 370. Tension test specimens
from bar stock are covered by Test Methods and Definitions
A 370 in Annex Al , “Steel Bar Products.”
6.1.4 Test Method —Tension tests shall be made in accor-
dance with Test Methods A 370 including applicable parts of
Annex A3, “Steel Fasteners.” Speed of testing shall meet the
requirements of Test Methods A 370 section, “Speed of Test-
ing .”
6.2 Impact Properties:
6.2. 1 Requirements:
6.2. 1.1 Material of Grades L7 , L7A , L7B, L7C, L7M , L43,
L70, L71 , L72, and L73 shall show a minimum impact energy
COPYRIGHT 2000 American Society for Testing and Materials
June 13, 2000 07:28:28
075 T 510 DbbD 3 i a 4 T =1
absorption of 20 ft - lbf [27 J] and of Grade LI a minimum
impact energy absorption of 40 ft • lbf [54 J] at the test
temperature when tested by the procedure specified in the
applicable portions of Sections 19 to 28 of Test Methods and
Definitions A 370. The temperature of the coolant used for
chilling the test specimens shall be controlled within ± 3°F
[ 1.5°C]. Impact tests are not required for carbide solution
treated or strain hardened Grades B8, B8F, B8P, B8M, B8T,
B8LN, and B8MLN for temperatures above -325 °F [-200°C];
for carbide solution treated Grades B8, B8P, B8C, and B8LN
—
above -425°F [ 255°C]; for all ferritic and austenitic steel
grades of bolting V2 in. [12.5 mm] and smaller in diameter. All
other material furnished under this specification shall be tested.
Test temperatures for ferritic grades are listed in Table 4.
Exceptions to this requirement are permissible, and the impact
tests may be made at specified temperatures different than
those shown in Table 4, provided the test temperature is at least
as low as the intended service temperature and the bolting is
suitably marked to identify the reported test temperature. When
impact testing is required for austenitic grades, test criteria
shall be agreed upon between the supplier and purchaser.
size Charpy test specimens are prescribed in Table 2.
6.2.2 Number of Tests:
6.2.2.1 The test requirements for heat-treated bars are given
in 6. I .2. I .
6.2.2.2 For test requirements on studs, bolts, screws, etc .,
see 6.1.2.2 and 6.1 .2.3.
6.2.2.3 Impact tests are not required to be made on heat-
treated bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts */2 in. [ 12.5
mm] and under in diameter.
6.2. 3 Test Specimens:
6.2. 3.1 The impact test specimen shall have the form and
dimensions shown in Fig. 10 of Test Methods and Definitions
A 370 for the Charpy V-notch specimen, Type A . The notch
shall be located on the test specimen surface which most
closely approaches a radial direction. The base of the notch
shall be as nearly as practicable perpendicular to the surface of
the bar.
6.2.3.2 For sections 1 in. [25 mm] or less in diameter, test
specimens shall be taken at the axis; for sections over 1 in. [25
mm] in diameter, midway between the axis and the surface.
6.3 Hardness Requirements:
6.3. 1 The hardness shall conform to the requirements pre-
scribed in Table 1 with testing performed in accordance with
Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
6.3.2 The maximum hardness of Grade L7M shall be 235
HB or 99 HRB (conversion in accordance with Table 2B of
Test Methods and Definitions A 370). Minimum hardness shall
not be less than 200 HB or 93 HRB . Conformance to this
TABLE 4 Recommended Test Temperature for Stock Parts
Grade
Test Temperature
°F °C
L7M, L70, L71 . L72, L73 -100 -73
L7, L7A, L7B, L7C - 150 -101
L43 - 150 -101
L1 -100 -73
Information Handling Services, 2
 STD • ASTP1 A 3 ED / A 3 E 0 H -ENGL Mil 075*1510 0 bb 03 n 335
Q) A 320/A 320M
hardness shall be ensured by testing the hardness of each stud 8. Retests
or bolt by Brinell or Rockwell B methods as described in the 8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any test lot do
sections on Brinell Test, Portable Hardness Test, and Rockwell not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer
Test of Test Methods and Definitions A 370. may retreat such lot not more than twice, in which case two
6.3.2.1 The use of 100 % electromagnetic testing for hard- additional tension tests and one additional impact test consist-
ness as an alternative to 100 % indentation hardness testing is ing of three specimens shall be made from such lot, all of
permissible when qualified by sampling using indentation which shall conform to the requirements specified.
hardness testing. Each lot tested for hardness electromagneti-
cally shall be 100 % examined in accordance with Practice 9. Nuts and Washers
E 566. Following electromagnetic testing for hardness, a ran- 9.1 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts of Grades L7, L7A, L7B,
dom sample of a minimum of 100 pieces in each purchase lot L7C, L43, LI , L70, L71, L72, and L73 shall be equipped with
(as defined in 6.1.2.2) shall be tested by indentation hardness ferritic alloy nuts conforming to Grade 4 or Grade 7 of
methods. All samples must meet hardness requirements to Specification A 194/A 194M or a grade of steel similar to the
permit acceptance of the lot. If any one sample is outside of the studs. Grade 7M nuts at a hardness not exceeding 235 HB (or
specified maximum or minimum hardness, the lot shall be equivalent) shall be used with Grade L7M bolts, studs, and stud
rejected and either reprocessed and resampled, or tested 100 % bolts. All nut materials, including those which may be supplied
by indentation hardness methods. under Specification A 194/A 194M, shall be subject to the
6.3.2.2 In the event a controversy exists relative to mini- impact requirements of this specification in the following
mum strength, tension tests shall prevail over hardness read - manner: impact tests shall be made on test specimens taken
ings. Products which have been tested and found acceptable from the bar or plate from the heat of steel used for manufac-
shall have a line under the grade symbol. turing the nuts, and heat treated with the nut blanks.
6.3.2.3 Surface preparation for indentation hardness testing 9.2 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts of Grades B8, B8C, B8T,
shall be in accordance with Test Methods E 18. Hardness tests B8P, B8F, B8M, B8LN, and B8MLN shall be equipped with
shall be performed on the end of the bolt or stud. When this is austenitic alloy nuts conforming to Grades 8, 8C, 8T, 8F, 8M,
impractical, the hardness test shall be performed elsewhere. 8LN, and 8MLN for Specification A 194/A 194M. Impact tests
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance are not required for Grades 8F, 8M, 8T, and 8MLN for
temperatures above -325°F [-200°C] and for Grades 8, 8P, 8C,
7.1 Bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts shall be pointed and
shall have a workmanlike finish. Points shall be flat and
-
and 8LN above -425°F [ 255°C].
9.3 If the purchaser requires nuts with a Charpy impact
chamfered or rounded at option of the manufacturer. Length of energy absorption of not less than 20 ft • lbf [27 J] at
points on studs and stud bolts shall be not less than one nor
more than two complete threads as measured from the extreme —
temperatures below -150°F [ 100°C], he may require that the
nuts conform to Grades 8, 8C, 8M, 8P, 8T, 8F, 8LN, or 8MLN
end parallel to the axis. Length of studs and stud bolts shall be of Specification A 194/A 194M.
measured from first thread to first thread. 9.4 Washers for use with ferritic steel bolting shall conform
7.2 Standard permissible variations for dimensions of bars to Specification F 436.
shall be as prescribed in Table 5. Aside from the tolerances 9.5 Washers for use with austenitic steel bolting shall be
given in Table 5, additional tolerances for the basic materials
are given in Specifications A 29/A 29M and A 276.
made of austenitic steel as agreed upon between the manufac -
turer and purchaser.
7.3 Bolt heads shall be in accordance with the dimensions of 9.6 Washer dimensions shall be in accordance with require-
ANSI B18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase ments of ANSI B18.22.1, unless otherwise specified in the
order, the Heavy Hex Screws Series should be used, except the purchase order.
maximum body diameter and radius of fillet may be the same
as for the Heavy Hex Bolt Series. Socket-head fasteners shall 10. Threads
be in accordance with ANSI B18.3. 10.1 All alloy steel bolts, studs, and stud bolts, unless
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Size of Hot-Rolled Bars
otherwise specified, shall be threaded in accordance with ANSI
Bl . l, Class 2A fit, sizes 1 in. [25 mm] and smaller in diameter
Permissible Variations from
Specified Size
Out-of-Round with the Coarse Thread Series, and 1Vs in. [29 mm ] and larger
Specified Size, in diameter with the 8 Pitch Thread Series.
in. [mm] Over Under
10.2 Where practical, all threads shall be formed after heat
in. mm in. mm in. mm
treatment. Class 1A, Grades B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA,
¥IB [8] and under 0.005 0.13 0.005 0.13 0.008 0.20
Over ¥ie to 7Ae [ 11 ], incl 0.006 0.15 0.006 0.15 0.009 0.23
B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, and B8MLNA are to be solution-
Over 7/ie to % [ 16], incl 0.007 0.18 0.007 0.18 0.010 0.25 treated in the finished condition.
Over % to % [22], incl 0.008 0.20 0.008 0.20 0.012 0.30
Over Vs to 1 [25], incl 0.009 0.23 0.009 0.23 0.013 0.33 11. Inspection
Over 1 to 1Vs [29], incl 0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25 0.015 0.38
Over A Vs to 1VA [32], incl 0.011 0.28 0.011 0.28 0.016 0.41 11.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
Over 1VA to 1% [35], incl 0.012 0.30 0.012 0.30 0.018 0.46 free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the
Over 1% to V /2 [38], incl 0.014 0.36 0.014 0.36 0.021 0.53 purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s
Over 1Vz to 2 [50], incl Vs4 0.40 VS4 0.40 0.023 0.58
Over 2 to 2Vz [65.0], incl Va2 0.79 0 0 0.023 0.58 works that concern the manufacture of the material ordered.
The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable

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 STD • ASTM A 3 EQ/ A 350I1-ENGL 1111
© A 320/A 320M
facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in
accordance with this specification. All tests (except product
analysis) and inspection shall be made at the place of manu-
facture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall
be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the
operation of the works.
12. Rejection and Rehearing
12.1 Rejection:
12.1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the order, any rejection
based on tests made in accordance with 5.2 shall be reported to
the manufacturer within 30 days from the receipt of samples by
the purchaser.
12.1.2 Material that shows defects subsequent to its accep-
tance at the manufacturer’s works shall be rejected, and the
manufacturer shall be notified.
—
12.2 Rehearing Samples tested in accordance with 5.2
that represent rejected material shall be preserved for 2 weeks
from the date of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction with
the results of the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a
rehearing within that time.
13. Certification
13.1 When agreed upon in writing between the manufac-
turer and the purchaser, a certification that the material con -
forms to the requirements of this specification shall be the basis
of acceptance of the material. Otherwise, the manufacturer
shall report to the purchaser or the purchaser’s representative
the results of the chemical analyses and mechanical tests made
in accordance with the specification. The specification desig-
nation included on test reports shall include year of issue and
revision letter, if any.
14. Product Marking
14.1 Grade and manufacturer’s symbols shall be applied to
one end of studs Vs in. [10 mm] in diameter and larger and to
the heads of bolts XA in. [6 mm] in diameter and larger. (If the
available area is inadequate, the grade symbol may be marked
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0751510 Dbt 0320 057.
on one end and the manufacturer’s identification symbol
marked on the other end.) The identification symbol shall be as
shown in Table 3. In the case of Class 2, Grades B8, B8C,
B8M, B8P, B8F, and B8T strain hardened as provided in Table
1, a line shall be stamped under the grade symbol in order to
distinguish it from Class 1 and Class 1A bolting which has not
been strain hardened . In the case of Class 1A, the marking
B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, and
B8MLNA identifies the material as being in the solution
treated condition in the finished state. Grade L7M which has
-
been 100 % evaluated in conformance with this specification
shall have a line under the grade symbol to distinguish it from
L7M produced to previous revisions not requiring 100 %
hardness testing.
14.2 For bolting materials, including threaded bars, that are
furnished bundled and tagged or boxed, the tags and boxes
shall carry the grade symbol for the material identification and
the manufacturer’s identification mark or name.
14.3 Nuts from materials that have been impact tested shall
be marked with the letter “L”.
14.4 For purposes of identification marking, the manufac-
turer is considered the organization that certifies the fastener
was manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accor-
dance with the specification and the results have been deter-
mined to meet the requirements of this specification.
—
14.5 Bar Coding In addition to the requirements in 14.1,
14.2, 14.3, and 14.4, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemen-
tary identification method. Bar coding should be consistent
with AIAG Standard B-5 02.00. If used on small items, the bar
code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied tag.
15. Keywords
15.1 additional elements; austenitic stainless steel; bolts
—
steel; chromium-molybdenum steel ; fasteners steel; mark-
—
-
ings on fittings; nickel-chromium molybdenum alloy steel;
pressure vessel service; stainless steel bolting material; starting
—
material; steel bars alloy; steel bolting material ; steel flanges;
—
steel valves; temperature service applications low
Information Handling Services, 2
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# A 320/A 320M

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, and order.

51. Impact Properties
51.1 When impact properties are desired for austenitic steel
grades exempt from testing under 6.2.1, test shall be made as
agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
52. Marking
52.1 Grade and manufacturer’s identification symbols shall
be applied to one end of studs and to the heads of bolts of all
sizes. (If the available area is inadequate, the grade symbol
may be marked on one end and the manufacturer’s identifica-
tion symbol marked on the other end.) For bolts and studs
smaller than V* in. [6 mm] in diameter and for 14 in. [6 mm]
studs requiring more than a total of three symbols, the marking
shall be a matter of agreement between the purchaser and
manufacturer.
S3. Lateral Expansion
S3.1 When lateral expansion measurements for ferritic
steels are required in addition to the energy absorption require -
ments of 6.2.1.1, the minimum value for each specimen of a set
must be .015 in. [0.38 mm]. The test temperature shall be
specified by the purchaser and agreed upon by the producer.
—
NOTE S00001 Grades L7, L7A, L7B will generally have difficulty
- —
meeting the minimum value at 150°F [ 101°C]. Grade L43 may be
preferred.

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

XI. STRAIN HARDENING OF AUSTENITIC STEELS

XI.1 Stain hardening is the increase in strength and
hardness that results from plastic deformation below the
recrystallization temperature (cold work ). This effect is pro-
duced in austenitic stainless steels by reducing oversized bars
or wire to the desired final size by cold drawing or other
process. The degree of strain hardening achievable in any alloy
is limited by its strain hardening characteristics. In addition, the
amount of strain hardening that can be produced is further
limited by the variables of the process, such as the total amount
of cross-section reduction, die angle and bar size. In large
diameter bars, for example, plastic deformation will occur
principally in the outer regions of the bar, so that the increased
strength and hardness due to strain hardening is achieved
predominantly near the surface of the bar. That is, the smaller
the bar, the greater the penetration of strain hardening.
XI .2 Thus, the mechanical properties of a given strain
hardened fastener are dependent not just on the alloy, but also
on the size of bar from which it is machined. The minimum bar
size that can be used, however, is established by the configu-
ration of the fastener, so that the configuration can affect the
strength of the fastener.
XI.3 For example, a stud of a particular alloy and size may
be machined from a smaller diameter bar than a bolt of the
same alloy and size because a larger diameter bar is required to
accommodate the head of the bolt. The stud, therefore, is likely
to be stronger than the same size bolt in a given alloy.

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