Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TECHNOLOGY GUIDE
ULTRASONICS BY PEPPERL+FUCHS
TECHNOLOGY GUIDE
ULTRASONICS
Automation is our worlG.
A perfect application solution is our goal.
A willingness to take entrepreneurial risks, a Then as now, our focus is sTuarel\ on the inGiYiGual
pioneering spirit, anG a rm Eelief in their own reTuirements of each customer. :hether as a
inYentiYe powers these were the assets that pioneer in electrical e[plosion protection, or as
:alter Pepperl anG LuGwig Fuchs starteG out with a leaGing innoYator of highl\ ecient sensors
when the\ openeG their 0annheim raGio repair the intensiYe communication with our customers
shop in . Their inYention of the pro[imit\ is what alloweG us to Eecome the leaGer in
switch a few \ears later proYeG their strength. automation technolog\. Our main oEMectiYe is
It was also the starting point in a successful comEining state-of-the-art technologies anG
histor\ GeneG E\ close customer relationships comprehensiYe serYices to optimi]e our customers
as well as innoYatiYe automation technologies processes anG applications.
anG proceGures.
For more information, please Yisit our weEsite
www.pepperl-fuchs.com
2
Content
1. Principles
1.1. Function 6
,QXHQFLQJ)DFWRUV 30
2. Applications
3
Sensor Technolog\ with a Finger
on the Pulse of Automation
Nature shows us how precisel\ sonar s\stems work eYen the most sophisticateG camouage
cannot help a moth if it is in the range of a Eats natural sonar. 'olphins use the same principle
to nG their pre\ in murk\ water. Both of these animals oEtain their Easic means of suEsistence
E\ Getecting anG eYaluating the echo of sonic waYes. Their sensors work reliaEl\, eYen unGer the
most challenging conGitions.
4
All measuring methods are pushed to their ph\sical Ultrasonic sensors haYe successfull\ passed As the gloEal market and technolog\ leader for
limits in certain applications. Ultrasound rst came practical endurance tests in Yirtuall\ all industrial ultrasonic sensors in the industr\, we are aEle to
into use when reliaEle sensors were sought for sectors. No other measuring method can Ee oer the largest portfolio of standard products in
applications for which e[isting methods were not successfull\ put to use on such a wide scale and this area, featuring optimal solutions for most
suitaEle. The new principle e[panded the range of in so man\ dierent applications. The deYices are applications. If this is not enough, we also haYe
metrological options, Eut for a long time was seen e[tremel\ roEust, making them suitaEle for eYen the e[pertise and infrastructure to Tuickl\ and
onl\ as a solution for particularl\ trick\ scenarios the toughest conditions. The sensor surface cleans e[iEl\ respond to our customers reTuirements
and was eYen considered to Ee a rather comple[ itself through YiEration, Eut that is not the onl\ we deYelop and manufacture our ultrasonic
form of technolog\. reason wh\ the sensor is insensitiYe to dirt. The transducers in our own technolog\ center and haYe
ph\sical principle the propagation of sound a dedicated department of rst-class e[perts on
These times haYe long since passed eYen if works, with a few e[ceptions, in practicall\ an\ hand for application-specic deYelopment work.
eYer\one is not \et aware of this. enYironment, no matter how dust\ or dirt\. Our slogan, The pulse of automation Ultrasonics
E\ Pepperl+Fuchs, descriEes the area where we
e[cel and denes our aspiration to alwa\s Ee the
Eest in this eld.
5
1. Principles | 1.1. Function
Ultrasound for
Superior Performance
Ultrasonic sensors precisel\ detect oEMects made from Yarious materials
regardless of their shape, color, or surface contour. The\ operate using
high-freTuenc\ sound waYes that are inaudiEle to the human ear.
6
Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors use pie]oceramics This Easic design was deYeloped and patented The most recent generation of Pepperl+Fuchs
to produce ultrasonic waYes. A pie]oceramic is oYer three decades ago and has Eeen continuall\ sensors includes transducers Must mm in
connected to two electrodes. It is electricall\ improYed E\ Pepperl+Fuchs. diameter with ranges of oYer 2 m, and 30 mm
actuated with the corresponding freTuenc\ and diameter transducers with m ranges.
then operates as an emitter for emitting sound For e[ample, conYentional transducers produce a
waYes into the air. :hen the sound waYes are main Eeam and what are known as side loEes. This Special transducer models and sensors in
reflected Eack from an oEMect, the transducer creates a Eeam with a relatiYel\ large diameter. stainless-steel housings are aYailaEle for
serYes as a receiYer and conYerts the sound waYes :here installation space is limited, the large applications with aggressiYe materials, such as
Eack into an electrical signal. Basicall\, it conYerts diameter and side loEes can Ee a proElem. chemicals, acids, or alkalis. In these models, the
the electrical energ\ to acoustic energ\, transmit entire transducer pie]o, decoupling la\er, foam
mode and then conYerts the returned acoustic :orking to improYe transducer technolog\, is coated with a chemicall\ resistant film PTFE,
energ\ Eack to electrical energ\ receiYe mode. Pepperl+Fuchs has had a significant influence on FEP that protects the assemEl\ from the aggres-
the shape and range of the ultrasonic Eeam. Years siYe media.
A patented decoupling la\er is glued to the of research haYe resulted in long-range sound
pie]oelectric transducer with epo[\ resin to couple Eeams with almost no side loEes. The transducers are sealed in a stainless-steel
and decouple the ultrasonic waYes to the housing. This not onl\ enaEles them to Ee used
surrounding air. in aggressiYe enYironments, Eut also fulfills
conYentional h\giene reTuirements for the food
An additional metal ring is installed to achieYe industr\.
the tightest possiEle sound propagation. The
pie]oceramic, decoupling la\er, and metal ring
are assemEled into a housing. The watertight
assemEl\ is then emEedded in pol\urethane foam
PUR to ensure an unrestricted YiEration.
7
1. Principles | 1.1. Function
Ultrasonic sensors are aEle to detect an oEMect Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors detect 9er\ small oEMects or oEMects that partiall\ deflect
without making ph\sical contact and determine its oEMects made from different materials, such as the sound will reduce the sensing range. OEMects
distance from the sensor. 'epending on the t\pe wood, metal, or plastic, regardless of their with smooth surfaces must Ee positioned as close
of sensor, these distances can range from a few shape or color, and these oEMects can Ee solid, as possiEle to an angle of 0r. Rough surfaces can
centimeters up to ten meters. The sensor emits liTuid, or in powder form. The onl\ reTuirement tolerate much larger angular deYiations.
ultrasonic pulses that are then reflected E\ an is that the\ are aEle to reflect sound waYes Eack
oEMect. The generated echo is receiYed again E\ to the sensor. EnYironmental effects must also Ee considered.
the sensor and conYerted into an electric signal The Eiggest influence on the accurac\ of an
Yia the pie]oelectric transducer. This is known as Some oEMects, howeYer, could reduce the ultrasonic sensor is the air temperature.
the propagation time of sound. operating range. These include oEMects with a Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors are eTuipped
large, smooth, and slanted surface or porous with compensation circuitr\ to eliminate temperature
The sensor measures the time lag Eetween the targets such as felt, wool, or foam ruEEer. effects on the sensor output. RelatiYe humidit\
emitted ultrasonic pulse and the receiYed echo and Earometric pressure must also Ee considered.
and calculates the distance to the oEMect using the The sensing range of an ultrasonic sensor
speed of sound. At room temperature, the speed depends on the surface properties and angle of
of sound in air is aEout 3 ms. the oEMect. The longest sensing ranges are
achieYed with oEMects that haYe a flat surface
standard reflector positioned at an e[act right
angle to the sensor a[is.
8
1. Grundlagen | 1.1 Funktionsweise
9
1. Principles | 1.1. Function
Ultrasonics haYe transducers that alternatel\ emit The sensing range is the area Ee\ond the Elind Q The distance can Ee transmitted directl\ to
sound and wait for the sound waYes reflected from ]one where the detection of oEMects is possiEle. a controller PLC as a digital Yalue, e.g. Yia
the oEMect. But Eecause the transducer continues It is defined E\ the shortest and longest distance. IO-Link.
YiErating after emitting a pulse, the echoes Ultrasonic sensors can eYaluate the distance to an
cannot Ee receiYed immediatel\. This dela\ oEMect or a liTuid surface within the sensing range Q The distance can Ee internall\ compared with the
corresponds to a Elind ]one. This Elind ]one is using a Yariet\ of methods configured switching limits. If an oEMect is located
located directl\ in front of the sensor, and the in the switching area, this is indicated at a Einar\
target cannot Ee reliaEl\ detected. No oEMects Q The distance can Ee conYerted to an analog switching output, such as PNP or NPN.
should Ee placed in this area. Note, howeYer, Yalue and issued Yia industr\-standard analog
that sensors with separate emitter and receiYer outputs 00 9, 20 mA. An arEitrar\
transducers thru-Eeam sensors haYe no Elind measuring window can Ee set within the near
]one. and far eYaluation limits of the sensor.
The relatiYe data determines the position of the
oEMect in the measuring window.
OEMect
Blind ]one
Sensing range
10
1.1.4. Adjustment within the Sensing Range
Q Sensors with small housings usuall\ haYe a Status LE's indicate the presence of an oEMect in
function input. Connecting the input to suppl\ the switching or analog range, or signal a fault\
Yoltage L+ or L configures the desired Teach-In adMustment.
Yalue and saYes it permanentl\ in the sensor.
The function input can Ee connected manuall\
or with a Teach-In adapter. The function input is
connected to the suppl\ Yoltage using a switch.
L2 T T2 L2
Setting the switching or analog limits using a Eutton. Setting the switching or analog limits using a potentiometer.
11
1. Principles | 1.1. Function
Programming Software
The easiest wa\ to adMust the sensor is using You can easil\ set the sensor parameters, displa\
programming software. the commands sent to and receiYed E\ the sensor,
and displa\ the most recentl\ measured distance.
Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors can Ee In addition, \ou haYe precise control of features
programmed using the ULTRA3000, SONPRO*, not found in ordinar\ sensors, including
PACTware IO-Link, or ULTRA-PRO*-IR. These
programs proYide instant communication Eetween Q Sensing range and Eoundaries
the sensor and the computer. Rather than manuall\
t\ping in each command or parameter, adMustments Q E[tended sensing ranges
are made with a simple mouse click.
Q Blind ]one telling the sensor to ignore oEMects
within a certain range directl\ in front of itself
Q H\steresis
Q Temperature offset
Q Output mode
'uring the Teach-In process, an oEMect is positioned For deYices with Teach-In push Euttons, the Yalues HoweYer, it is difficult to adMust deYices with
in the sensing range and its position is recorded can Ee changed easil\ eYen after the s\stem has potentiometers with millimeter precision.
with millimeter precision. This product can also Ee Eeen installed and commissioned. For e[ample,
used as the reference oEMect. switching limits or analog limits can Ee adMusted Setting the sensor using programming software
when process control leYels are changed. 0an\ comEines the adYantages of Teach-In and
Teach-In processes are usuall\ performed Yia a Pepperl+Fuchs sensors proYide Teach-In locking to potentiometer operating concepts. Switching
function input when the s\stem or machine is preYent the Teach-In Yalues from Eeing accidentl\ limits or analog limits can Ee set with or without a
Eeing commissioned. changed. reference oEMect. The set Yalues are seen on the
screen and are easil\ adMusted with millimeter
This reTuires manual wiring or a Teach-In adapter. Setting the switching limits or analog limits Yia precision. The programming software also
'uring operation, Teach-In Yalues can Ee changed a potentiometer eliminates the need to modif\ proYides the option of changing man\ other sensor
onl\ with manual interYention in the wiring the wiring. In addition, the set limit Yalue can Ee parameters sound Eeam modification, aYerage-
tamper-resistant. Yisuall\ recogni]ed from the potentiometer Yalue filter, dela\ times, etc. to adapt the sensor
position. perfectl\ to its application.
12
13
1. Principles | 1.2. Sound Beam and Response Curve
14
1.2.1. Factors Influencing the Sound Beam
Similarly, high levels of dust and humidity reduce Temperature and Humidity Dust, Rain, and Snow
the acoustic energy and can reduce the maximum
range of the ultrasonic sensor. The range of ultrasonic signals is also influenced Heavy dust, rain, or snow reduce acoustic energy
by the relative humidity and temperature of the and can diminish the beam or reduce the maxi-
ambient air. Generally speaking, the sensing range mum range of ultrasonic sensors.
decreases with increasing temperature and
increasing humidity. This reduction is not linear Light dust and dirt deposits on the transducer
and differs from sensor to sensor. surface will not influence measurement.
Accumulation of water, snow, and ice must be
prevented with proper installation (i.e. protective
enclosures).
15
1. Principles | 1.2. Sound Beam and Response Curve
16
1. Grundlagen | 1.2 Schallkeule und Ansprechkurve
17
1. Principles | 1.3. Operating Modes
The distance to the oEMect is conYerted into an AlternatiYel\, the oEMect distance can Ee directl\
analog Yalue and displa\ed at the sensors analog transmitted to a controller as a digital Yalue Yia a
output e.g. 00 9, 20 mA. special interface e.g. IO-Link.
18
'LXVH0RGH6HQVRUV
For ultrasonic sensors with switching outputs, the Ultrasonic sensors are most commonl\ used in Properties
output state changes when an oEMect is detected diffuse mode.
within the set switching range. A distinction is also Q Eas\ to install, onl\ one sensor head
made Eetween NO and NC functions, depending The emitter and receiYer are located in the same
on the response to the oEMect. housing. The target acts as a sound reflector. Q Foreground and Eackground suppression
possiEle window mode
For sensors with switching outputs, different
operating modes can Ee set using appropriate Q OEMect serYes as a reflector, alignment is
assemEl\ and configuration. important
19
1. Principles | 1.3. Operating Modes
5HWURUHHFWLYH6HQVRUV
In retroreflectiYe mode, the ultrasonic transducer As long as there is no oEMect Eetween the sensor
is also used as an emitter and receiYer. and reference reflector, the sensor receiYes a
constant echo from the reflector. :hen a detected
Unlike diffuse mode sensors, the ultrasonic signal oEMect enters the sensing range, the reflection
is constantl\ reflected E\ a permanentl\ installed of the ultrasound signal changes and the sensor
reflector. detects the presence of the oEMect.
20
In general, the following three scenarios will 3. A large, slanted oEMect in front of the reference Properties
trigger switching reflector is not detected Eut oEscures the
reflector, i.e. the ultrasonic sensor does not Q Eas\ to install, onl\ one sensor head
. A small oEMect located in front of the reference receiYe an echo from the oEMect or the reference
reflector is detected E\ the sensor, i.e. the sensor. Q ReliaEl\ detects proElematic oEMects
ultrasonic sensor receiYes an additional echo sound-aEsorEing, slanted surfaces
from the reference reflector. All three scenarios trigger switching at the ultrasonic
sensor output. Q Reference oEMectEackground is used as a fi[ed
2. A large oEMect is detected and completel\ reflector the oEMect disturEsEreaks the Eeam
oEscures the reference reflector, i.e. the RetroreflectiYe sensors are especiall\ recommended
ultrasound sensor receiYes an echo onl\ for reliaEle detection of sound-aEsorEing oEMects. Q Switching freTuenc\ is lower compared to a
from the large oEMect and no echo from the The\ are also suitaEle for oEMects without reliaEl\ thru-Eeam sensor
reference reflector. detectaEle surfaces, e.g. smooth, slanted
surfaces such as a car windshield. There are no
Elind ]ones in this operating mode.
ReliaEle detection of a slanted oEMect on a conYe\or Eelt E\ using the retroreflectiYe mode.
21
1. Principles | 1.3. Operating Modes
Ultrasonic thru-Eeam sensors use dedicated This mode is e[tremel\ resistant to e[ternal Properties
emitter and receiYer transducers contained in two disturEances. It also douEles the range and
separate housings. The eYaluation electronics enaEles oEMects to Ee reliaEl\ detected at Q Two sensor heads must Ee installed and wired
and outputs are housed with the receiYer. significantl\ greater distances. The switching
freTuenc\ is consideraEl\ faster, as the sensor Q Long range, i.e. large distance Eetween emitter
The sensors are mounted opposite one another does not haYe to continuousl\ switch Eetween and receiYer possiEle
on a common a[is. :hen an oEMect interrupts the transmission and reception modes.
sound Eeam, the sensor switching output is Q ReliaEl\ detects proElematic oEMects
actiYated. sound-aEsorEing, slanted surfaces
The receiYer sensitiYit\ can usuall\ Ee set Q 9er\ high switching freTuenc\, defined
Teach-In, potentiometer for different interYals response characteristics
Eetween the emitter and receiYer andor for
different oEMect si]es.
22
1. Grundlagen | 1.3 Betriebsarten
23
1. Principles | 1.4. Switching Outputs
One or more switching points can Ee set within the sensing range of
an ultrasonic sensor. This can Ee done Yia a potentiometer, Teach-In,
or programming software.
If an oEMect is located within the set range, the Background Suppression, One Switching Point Window Mode, Two Switching Points
sensors digital output state changes. A distinction
is made Eetween NO and NC functions, depending One switching point can Ee set within the sensing Two switching points can Ee set within the sensing
on the response to the oEMect. range. If an oEMect is located Eetween the sensor range. The two switching points form a switching
head Elind ]one and the set switching point, window. OEMects within the window cause a reaction
The following operating modes can Ee set E\ the switching output will react. OEMects Eehind at the switching output.
programming or using the Teach-In function the switching point are suppressed. This mode is
therefore known as Eackground suppression. In this mode, oEMects are detected onl\ within
a defined area foreground and Eackground are
In this mode, onl\ oEMects Eefore the set switching suppressed.
point are detected the Eackground is suppressed.
Background suppression, switching mode. Foreground and Eackground suppression window mode.
24
1.4.1. Variants
Two different switching EehaYiors are aYailaEle. A distinction is made Eetween PNP output and
The\ correspond to the EehaYior of a switch with NPN output, depending on whether the load is on
normall\ open or normall\ closed functions. the positiYe suppl\ Yoltage L+ or the negatiYe
suppl\ Yoltage L.
+UB
L+
3 3
L 3
UB
L+
2
3 3
L
25
1. Principles | 1.4. Switching Outputs
EYer\ switching point has switching h\steresis to The switching freTuenc\ is the ma[imum numEer RepeataEilit\, also known as reproduciEilit\, refers
preYent the output from constantl\ switching on of possiEle switching c\cles per second. For to natural Yariances in the switching point under
and off when an oEMect is located directl\ at the e[ample, a switching freTuenc\ of H] means specific conditions.
switching point. that the output can change state from on to off
and Eack on again fiYe times per second. RepeataEilit\ is measured oYer a period of eight
If an oEMect approaches the sensor, the output hours at an amEient temperature of 23rC srC,
triggers directl\ at the switching point. :hen the 'ue to the measuring method used echo transit with an\ relatiYe humidit\ within the specified
oEMect recedes again, the h\steresis is added to time, the switching freTuenc\ of ultrasonic range, and at a specified suppl\ Yoltage.
the switching point. sensors is usuall\ in the range of 0 H].
'efined
switching point
26
1. Grundlagen | 1.4 Schaltausgang
27
1. Principles | 1.5. Analog Output
Analog Output
Function and Variants
An ultrasonic sensor does not merel\ detect the presence of an oEMect it also
measures the distance to an oEMect. This is calculated from the interYal
Eetween the transmission of the ultrasonic signal and the arriYal of the echo.
The specified load resistance must not Ee It must not fall short of the specified load
e[ceeded, e.g. 300 ohm. resistance, e.g. !00 ohm.
A rising slope analog Yalue increases with
increasing distance or falling slope analog
Yalue decreases with increasing distance can Current Output 420 mA Frequency Output in Hz
Ee selected.
The distance to an oEMect is represented at the The distance to an oEMect is represented at
analog output as a current Yalue in the range of the analog output as a YariaEle freTuenc\ Yalue
20 mA. in hert].
Here, too, the specified load resistance must not The output displa\s a sTuare waYe pulse
Ee e[ceeded, e.g. 300 ohm. 2 V0 V. The specified load resistance must
Ee met, e.g. !00 ohm.
28
1.5.2. Characteristic Curve 1.5.3. Resolution
The Teach-In function or programming software The analog limits Eeginning and end can Resolution refers to the smallest change in oEMect
can Ee used to set a rising or falling characteristic Ee changed using the Teach-In function or distance that affects the output current or Yoltage.
curYe or a ]ero-point line on the sensor. programming software.
Pepperl+Fuchs UC series ultrasonic sensors
:ith a rising characteristic curYe, the output are eTuipped with an integrated 2-Eit
current or Yoltage increases as the oEMect increases digital-to-analog conYerter that can Ereak the
in distance from the Eeginning of the analog area. distance to the oEMect into ,06 increments.
:ith a falling characteristic curYe, the output The actual resolution in millimeters depends on
current or Yoltage decreases as the oEMect increases the set analog range and can Ee calculated as
in distance from the Eeginning of the analog area. follows
29
1. Principles | ,QXHQFLQJ)DFWRUV
(QYLURQPHQWDO,QXHQFHV
Air temperature has the greatest influence on Humidit\ has negligiEle influence on the speed
measuring accurac\. of sound at room temperature and at lower
temperatures. However, at higher air temperatures,
After the transit time of the reflected ultrasonic the speed of sound increases as humidit\
impulse has Eeen measured, the sensor calculates increases.
the distance to the oEMect using the speed of
sound.
However, as the air temperature changes, the Air Pressure
speed of sound changes E\ 0.7 per degree
.elvin. To compensate for this effect, almost The speed of sound decreases E\ less than
all Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors have a Eetween sea level and 3,000 m altitude.
temperature proEe. The proEe measures the Atmospheric fluctuations at a specific location
amEient temperature and the sensor corrects the are negligiEle and the effects on the speed of
temperature-related distortion of the measured sound are scarcel\ measuraEle.
values see temperature compensation.
30
Air Currents Paint Mist Types of Gas
Normal air currents wind have no effect on Paint mist has no detectaEle effect on the operation Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors are designed
ultrasonic measurement up to speeds of 7 kn of ultrasonic sensors. However, the mist should for operation in atmospheric air. Operation in
06. kmh if the oEMect has the reflective not Ee allowed to settle on the active transducer other gases e.g. in carEon dio[ide can cause
properties of the standard reflector. Storm\ surface to avoid compromising the transducers serious errors of measurement or even total loss of
weather or hurricanes can cause unstaEle sensitivit\. function due to deviations in the speed of sound
measurements with loss of signal. and attenuation.
31
1. Grundlagen | (LQXVVJUHQ
32
1. Principles | ,QXHQFLQJ)DFWRUV
Ultrasonic sensors operate using the echo Accurac\aEsolute accurac\ refers to the difference
transit time method the time elapsed Eetween Eetween the output value measured E\ the sensor
the emitted ultrasonic pulse and when the and the actual target distance.
received echo is evaluated. The ultrasonic
sensor calculates the distance of the oEMect From a practical viewpoint, aEsolute accuracies
from the speed of sound. of to 3 are realistic in industrial applications
for ultrasonic sensors in the operating range of
:hen sound is propagated in air, the speed of 2rC to +70rC.
sound is aEout 3 ms at room temperature.
Higher accuracies can Ee achieved in ver\ staEle
However, the speed of sound is temperature- amEient conditions. In this case, it is advisaEle to
dependent and changes E\ appro[imatel\ 0.7 turn off temperature compensation using the
with each degree Celsius. programming tool.
Such changes affect the transit time and can Another possiEilit\ would Ee to use an ultrasonic
distort the calculated distance. reference sensor.
0ost Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors have a This involves mounting a second sensor of the
working range of 2rC to +70rC. same t\pe parallel to the measuring sensor and
aligning it to a fi[ed oEMect. If amEient conditions
:ithout temperature compensation and at a in the measuring range change, the distance to
measuring distance of 00 cm, a 20rC change in the oEMect will also appear to change due to the
temperature would cause a measurement error of altered speed of sound. The measuring sensor
. cm at 70rC and +7.6 cm at 2rC. value must then Ee corrected E\ the value of this
error.
Therefore, most Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors
are eTuipped with temperature proEes whose
measurements are used to correct the measured
distances. This compensation is performed over
the entire working range of the ultrasonic sensors
from 2rC to +70rC and allows measurement
accuracies of appro[imatel\ s. to Ee achieved.
33
1. Principles | 1.7. Installation and Assembly
:hen cleaning ultrasonic sensors, ensure that 1.7.1. Operation and Object Properties
the sensor surface decoupling la\er and the
integrated foam around the transducer are not Direction of Actuation Conversel\, rough surfaces allow greater angular
damaged. :ater droplets or crusting on the deviation due to the predominantl\ diffuse
decoupling la\er ma\ impair the function of the The oEMects Eeing detected can enter the sound reflection of the ultrasound signal.
ultrasonic sensor. Light dust deposits are not Eeam from an\ side. The anticipated detection
critical. points can Ee accuratel\ appro[imated using the This can Ee used to detect filling levels or heaps
ranges and response curves specified in the data of coarse-grained materials with an angular
sheets. deviation of up to r at a reduced range.
Ultrasonic sensors can detect solids, liTuids, Q All smooth and solid oEMects aligned
and powders. The surface properties of the oEMect perpendicularl\ to the Eeam angle
are critical for the sensors evaluation of the
echoes. Level, smooth surfaces at right angles to Q All solid oEMects with a surface roughness that
the Eeam produce ideal reflections. The angular cause diffuse reflections and that are randoml\
deviation of the measurement plate must not aligned
e[ceed appro[imatel\ 3r to ensure reliaEle
detection. Q Surfaces of liTuids at an angle 3r from the
Eeam a[is
0aterial properties such as transparenc\, color,
or surface treatment polished or matte have no
effect on detection reliaEilit\. Rough surfaces
reflect the acoustic energ\ in multiple directions,
decreasing the overall detection range.
34
1. Grundlagen | 1.7 Einbau und Montagehinweise
Beam Deflection
35
1. Principles | 1.7. Installation and Assembly
The response curve of ultrasonic sensors is If unwanted acousticall\ reflective oEMects are
referred to as a sound Eeam. present in an application, there must Ee clearance
around the sound Eeam. This is the onl\ wa\ to
OEMects are detected within the sound Eeam if avoid incorrect switching caused E\ unintended
the\ reflect sufficient sound Eack to the sensor. reflections.
The response curve depends on the reflective
properties of the oEMect. Therefore, sound Eeam Response curve 2 2 mm round Ear can Ee used
diagrams are provided for various standard for orientation in the case of small, round, or
oEMects in the data sheets. poorl\ reflective oEMects. It can also Ee used for
smooth surfaces that are mounted parallel to the
The sound Eeam has no precisel\ defined limits sensors Eeam direction container inner wall,
and can change due to environmental influences pipes. Clearance corresponding to at least
such as temperature or humidit\. response curve flat panel 00 mm 00 mm
must Ee provided for larger oEMects with good
reflection properties interfering edges.
36
1.7.3. Minimum Intervals
To prevent crosstalk, the minimum distances The specified values are to Ee taken as guidelines.
Eetween sensors with the same detection range The\ appl\ if the Eeam angles are aligned parallel
must Ee oEserved, as specified in the following to one another and the surfaces of the oEMects are
illustrations. at right angles to the Eeam angle a[es.
;
The intervals indicated Eelow must Ee oEserved
for opposite mounting.
37
1. Principles | 1.8. Synchronization and Multiplex Modes
:hen installing ultrasonic sensors, it ma\ not Ee possiEle to adhere to the minimum separation distances.
Pepperl+Fuchs provides models with s\nchroni]ation inputs. This prevents sensor crosstalk and allows the
minimum separation distance to Ee reduced.
Ultrasonic sensors eTuipped with s\nchroni]ation 1.8.1. Synchronization Input The reTuired signal level, c\cle times, and
inputs can Ee used in internal or e[ternal the ma[imum possiEle numEer of sensors
s\nchroni]ation or multiple[ modes. 0an\ Pepperl+Fuchs sensors are eTuipped with can Ee found in the data sheet of the respective
an additional s\nchroni]ation connection. sensor. In internal s\nchroni]ation mode, the
B\ s\nchroni]ing the transmission c\cles, s\nchroni]ation inputs for all sensors are linked
the distance Eetween adMacent sensors can Ee If this input remains open, the sensor will operate and controlled E\ the sensors themselves. There
reduced without interference. in normal mode. is no need for an e[ternal clock-pulse source.
S\nchroni]ation can Ee achieved using an e[ternal B\ appl\ing a defined potential L+L, the
s\nchroni]ation signal or, for some sensor t\pes, sensor can Ee locked and enaEled again using an
using self-s\nchroni]ation or multiple[ing. e[ternal trigger signal. As long as the sensor is 1.8.2. Synchronization and
locked, no ultrasonic pulses are emitted.
Common Mode
The outputs analog and switching outputs are
In this mode, the sensors work in parallel. This
fro]en while in this state.
means the\ all emit a Eurst of ultrasound at the
same time and wait for a reflected echo from an
As soon as the sensor is enaEled for at least one
oEMect within the sensing range.
measurement c\cle with the s\nchroni]ation
input, the outputs are updated. This feature can
To do this, the s\nchroni]ation inputs of all
Ee used for e[ternal s\nchroni]ation or multiple[
sensors must Ee connected to one another.
operation.
38
Application Pros Cons
Several sensors are installed in an ultrasonic Q Lower wiring costs, connection of enaEle inputs Q The oEMect cannot Ee assigned to a specific
arra\ to monitor a wide area. :here space is for each pro[imit\ switch pro[imit\ switch
limited, s\nchroni]ing sensors can Ee useful as a
lower minimum interval is reTuired Eetween the Q Fast response as ever\ pro[imit\ switch is
sensors. The intervals given Eelow must also Ee continuousl\ active
oEserved for opposite mounting.
0ultiple[ing the sensors allows ultrasonic Eursts connected to one another. 'epending on the Pros
to Ee emitted at staggered intervals. This prevents sensor t\pefamil\ and configuration, multiple[
two or more units from transmitting signals mode either runs automaticall\ or the sensor must Q ReliaEl\ prevents crosstalk
simultaneousl\. The sensors emit an ultrasonic Ee assigned an address using the configuration
Eurst alternatel\ or in seTuence and wait for a tool. Q An oEMect can Ee assigned to a sensor
reflected echo.
In e[ternal multiple[ mode, an e[ternal trigger
This prevents crosstalk Eetween ultrasonic sensors, signal is reTuired and the timed seTuence must Cons
and there is no need to adhere to a minimum Ee coordinated E\ an e[ternal controller.
distance Eetween adMacent sensors. However, Q Additional costs for clock generator when using
as the sensors are activated in seTuence, the e[ternal multiple[ing
responsereaction time increases with each sensor Arrangement
added to the multiple[ arra\. Q Longer responsereaction time than
The sensors are used in eTuipment and machines s\nchroni]ation mode Eecause the sensors
A distinction is made Eetween internal and e[ternal with ver\ confined installation spaces or sensors work in seTuence
multiple[ mode. of the same t\pe in immediate pro[imit\, or to
prevent crosstalk in various measurement tasks.
:hen using internal multiple[ mode, the
s\nchroni]ation inputs of all sensors must Ee 0inimum intervals do not need to Ee adhered
to, even if the sensors are located opposite one
another.
39
Ultrasonic Sensors
in Various Applications
Ultrasonic sensors are an impressive group of sensors. The\ are functionall\ roEust, availaEle in a variet\ of designs,
and open up a wide range of uses, from factor\ automation to moEile eTuipment, with some of the toughest and most
e[treme applications on the market.
Because ultrasonics calculate level height using To survive the rigorous electrical and environmental
the time it takes for ultrasonic pulses to travel world inherent in outdoor moEile eTuipment,
from the sensor to the medium surface and Pepperl+Fuchs moEile eTuipment sensors must
Eack, the chemical and ph\sical properties of Ee Tualified to standards far Ee\ond traditional
the product do not affect the measurement. 0ilk, sensors. Ultrasonic sensors designed for moEile
paint, fertili]ers, and chemicals, as well as mud or eTuipment thrive in rugged outdoor environments.
Eulk goods are measured with eTual accurac\.
Immune to the effects of dust, dirt, and chemicals,
ultrasonic sensors also provide reliaEle operation
in modern agriculture applications. Ultrasonics
effectivel\ monitor crop height, distance to the
ground, and levels of seeds and grains.
40
Material Handling Food and Beverage Doors, Gates, and Elevators
Automatic processes in logistics, production, Ultrasonic sensors made for the food and In parking lots and in parking garages, entr\ is
and processing reTuire roEust and reliaEle sensor Eeverage industr\ are designed according to the controlled using Earrier gate arm s\stems. The gate
solutions that cover a wide range of applications. EHE'* guidelines for h\gienic design. The\ have a arm must not Ee lowered when there is a vehicle
Ultrasonic sensors offer a host of advantages .0 VAAISI 36L housing, an impermeaEle underneath. Ultrasonic sensors are particularl\
here. Our Eroad ultrasonic product offering metal face, and offer IP6IP6k protection for suitaEle for controlling this procedure.
ranges from simple, miniature presence detection demanding production and cleaning.
The\ detect oEMects regardless of vehicle t\pe
models, to high-end analog, software-configuraEle
or color and monitor the entire area Eelow the
designs with customi]aEle Eeam patterns and
arm. Retroreflective mode ultrasonics are used in
staEilit\ algorithms.
parking garages to count vehicles and determine
availaEle parking spaces.
41
2. Applications | 2.1. Level Measurement
Level measuring is used in a wide variet\ of industries. It does not depend on the suEstance ultrasonic
technolog\ detects nearl\ all materials. LiTuids like milk, chemicals, or lacTuer, as well as mud or Eulk
goods are alwa\s controlled. Thus \ou can accuratel\ monitor the fill level of silos or tanks used E\ dairies,
chemical plants, mineral companies, and man\ others. For level measurement in closed containers,
F6 Series ultrasonic sensors are e[cellent.
To detect liTuid E\ using a sensor on the inside of a container, drill a 30 mm hole in the center of the
container cap. Then mount the sensor with its special housing, including the gasket, directl\ on the
container.
42
6LPSOH6HWXSDQG&RQJXUDWLRQ
To start, the sensor should Ee mounted in the center of the container so that
the sound Eeam of the ultrasonic sensor does not reach the sides of the con-
tainer and inadvertentl\ detect the containers own deposits or welds.
The Elind ]one Eetween the sensor head white and measuring range must
Ee taken into account. Incorrect measurements can occur if the fill level is
within the Elind ]one.
Ultrasonic technolog\ impresses not onl\ with its eas\ handling, Eut also
with its precision and reliaEilit\. Benefit from our know-how and control \our
fill level with Pepperl+Fuchs.
F6 Series ultrasonic sensors are ideal for level measurement in closed containers.
'LHUHQW9HUVLRQV$OORZ2SWLPDO$GMXVWPHQWWRWKH <RXU%HQHWVDWD*ODQFH
Application
Q ReliaEle detection of liTuids or Eulk materials
The F6 Series comes in different versions for level measurement Q Continuous and accurate monitoring
Q :ith analog output for continuous fill level control and additional
Q Overfill safet\
switching output for overfill safet\ or
Q :ith two switching outputs for minimum and ma[imum fill level Q Eas\ suEseTuent sensor installation on containers
The minimum switching point Smin can Ee taught via the ;I input. :ith the
teach adapter UB-PRO*-V, this process gets even easier.
43
2. Applications | 2.1. Level Measurement
There, further lling can Ee stopped and overlling prevented. The analog
output of the ultrasonic sensor controls this process. In addition, the devices
feature two switching outputs. One output provides an advance warning that
the ma[imum ll level of the silo will soon Ee reached. The other switching
output provides for nal shutdown as soon as the silo is completel\ lled.
The F260 Series oers the following versions for the analog output including
two switching outputs in the NO or NC contact version
Q 20 mA, UC[[[-F6-IE..-V
Q 00 V, UC0000-F260-UE..-V
44
Important for Implementation
0ount the sensor right in the center of the silo so that the sound Eeam The Elind ]one Eetween the sensor head white and the start of the
does not reach the sides of the container walls, where the sides of the walls measuring range 0 cm must also Ee taken into account. If the fill level
themselves or slag sticking to the walls ma\ inadvertentl\ Ee detected. is located in this area, measurement errors ma\ result. If two proEes are
To ensure adeTuate sound reflection as the fill level increases, align the installed, multiple[ operation must Ee set using SONPRO* and the sensors
sensors sound Eeam at a slight angle toward the center of the material connected via the ;I s\nchroni]ation connector.
cone. The F260 can Ee swiveled up to 0r in its Eracket.
Thanks to continuous level measurement in the control room, plant operators Q E[tremel\ roEust design with high e[cess gain
sta\ constantl\ informed of the current fill level in the gravel silo.
The switching output of the F260 has an overfill protection function, switches Q 0ounting flange with swiveling Eracket for optimum alignment of the
the conve\or Eelt off, and prevents overfilling. Safe plant operation is sensor head
therefore ensured at all times.
Q Simple commissioning through viewing with SONPRO* and 3R;000-PF
45
2. Applications | 2.1. Level Measurement
46
Simple Commissioning with ULTRA-PROG-IR Software
<RXU%HQHWVDWD*ODQFH
Q Continuous level measurement
Q Overfill protection
47
2. Applications | 2.2. Mobile Equipment
Crop spra\ers appl\ liTuid fertili]ers and pesticides over farmland during the To ensure consistent, optimum spra\ coverage over uneven terrain and var\ing
growing period. Controlling the spra\er height is critical to this process. If the crop height, and to prevent the Eoom from impacting crops or soil, its height
spra\er height is too high, the dispensed product ma\ simpl\ Elow awa\ must Ee continuousl\ monitored and adMusted.
in the wind. If too low, spra\ will not evenl\ distriEute or worse \et, a low
spra\er mechanism can collide with the crops or ground.
48
Robust and Reliable
Immune to the effects of dust, dirt, and chemicals, and with the aEilit\ to
detect surfaces of an\ color with identical accurac\, 30*0 Series ultrasonic
sensors are well suited for agricultural applications.
)DVWDQG(FLHQW <RXU%HQHWVDWD*ODQFH
As the machiner\ traverses the field, 30*0 Series ultrasonic sensors Q Automatic adMustment of Eoom height
continuousl\ monitor the distance to the crop canop\ and transfer this
reading as an analog value to the vehicle controller. Q Fertili]ers and pesticides are evenl\ spread
The spra\ height is correspondingl\ raised or lowered to follow the contour,
ensuring the fertili]er and pesticide distriEution remains consistent. :ith Q Prevents crop and machiner\ damage
automated Eoom-height control, drivers can concentrate full\ on navigating
their machiner\, finishing their MoE with optimum efficienc\ and speed. Q Shorter cultivation time
49
2. Applications | 2.2. Mobile Equipment
Anti-Collision 'etection
on Aerial :ork Platforms
Indispensable on Construction Sites
50
To safeguard the eTuipment,
Working Safely with Aerial Work Platforms ultrasonic sensors are attached
to the appropriate points
To safeguard the eTuipment, ultrasonic sensors are attached to the on the aerial work platform.
appropriate points on the aerial work platform. In order to prevent mutual
interference of the sensors and simultaneousl\ ensure the shortest possiEle
response time, these sensors must Ee common-mode s\nchroni]ed. As
aerial work platforms are mostl\ used in outdoor applications, the sensors
must Ee suitaEle for such an environment.
0onitoring the area Eelow and around the machine ensures that collisions
with other machines, Euildings, or oEMects do not occur. 'amage is prevented
and machine availaEilit\ is increased.
<RXU%HQHWVDWD*ODQFH
Q Continuous monitoring of aerial work platforms
Q Increase in productivit\
51
2. Applications | 2.2. Mobile Equipment
Ultrasonic Sensors
on Spra\ No]]les
Taking Care of Orchards with Ultrasonic Sensors
Taking care of orchards reTuires careful attention. For good harvests, it is :ith the conventional method, pesticides are continuousl\ spra\ed even in
necessar\ to protect the trees from pests. Since diseases as well as pests attack Eetween the trees where there are onl\ empt\ rows.
trees, it is even more important to ensure their survival and fertilit\. To help
keep the trees alive, chemical products to protect trees are applied E\ a special Using ultrasonic sensors can save on pesticides E\ detecting tree gaps. As soon
spra\ing process. as one of these gaps is recogni]ed, the spra\ing process temporaril\ stops.
These products, however, generate high costs for farmers. In order to sell the
harvest for a reasonaEle price, the spra\ing operation must Ee carried out as
ecientl\ as possiEle.
52
Targeted Control Reduces Farmers Costs Simple Commissioning
The ultrasonic sensor 30*070 Series is well suited for this application. 'ue 0ount the ultrasonic sensors on the side of the holding tank. Choose a sensor
to their high IP protection class, \ou can use the sensors under all weather with an adeTuate range and signal strength, Eecause tree trunks are not ideal
conditions without losing performance. The roEustness of these sensors reflectors for ultrasonic sensors. The UC6000-30*070-2E2R2-V, with
makes them resistant to chemicals contained in pesticides. a sensing range of 3 to 600 cm and two switching outputs is ideal for this
application.
On the mounting location, the limits of the sound Eeam must Ee considered
and reduced E\ 20 to avoid the influence of rain or fog at close range.
Ultrasonic sensors detect individual trees and the spra\ing process temporaril\
stops in the gaps Eetween the trees. You can therefore achieve Eoth cost and
time savings Eecause the holding tank does not need to Ee refilled as often.
53
2. Applications | 2.2. Mobile Equipment
For reliaEle operation, moEile machines reTuire sensors that can withstand Ultrasonic sensors help ensure efficient and virtuall\ automatic operation.
the harshest conditions on a dail\ Easis. E[treme temperatures, violent Molting, These sensors constantl\ monitor the lifting and set-down area of the refuse
and viErations are common challenges for these vehicles. container, as well as automaticall\ detect the container si]e. These features
provide an e[traordinar\ degree of fle[iEilit\ without manual intervention on
Ultrasonic sensors, which are used on vehicles like refuse collection trucks, the part of the refuse collector, ensuring that Eoth the vehicle and the refuse
must Ee e[tremel\ roEust to guarantee safe operation. The sensors are used collector can complete their work Tuickl\ and safel\.
on the vehicles for a range of dierent applications.
54
18GM40 Series Determines the Size of the Refuse Containers
:hen a refuse container moves toward the lifting unit of the refuse collection
vehicle, the UB300-*00A ultrasonic sensor determines the si]e of the
container. Both lifters are reTuired to lift a large container with a volume of
,00 l the two lifters work together to transport the container. :hen two small
containers or even a single small container are lifted, the lifters are controlled
individuall\ as reTuired.
:hen the container is lowered after empt\ing, the area Eelow the container
must Ee monitored. 0onitoring is important to prevent people from Eeing
inMured or other oEstacles from Eeing hit E\ the container and Eeing damaged.
A total of four UC2000-L2-t\pe ultrasonic sensors monitor this area.
The fill level of the feed area for the refuse container on the vehicle is monitored
using UC2000-30*070-t\pe ultrasonic sensors in one-wa\ Earrier mode.
If the feed area is too full, the container can no longer Ee emptied correctl\ and
refuse ma\ fall off the vehicle. For this reason, when the rear area is aEout to
overflow, the vehicles h\draulic press is alwa\s activated in a timel\ manner E\
the ultrasonic sensor, and the refuse is pressed down toward the center of the
vehicle.
<RXU%HQHWVDWD*ODQFH
Q Safeguarding the lifting and set-down area for the refuse container
Q Efficient and fault-free empt\ing seTuence without the need for manual inter-
vention
55
2. Applications | 2.3. Material Handling
:orldwide demand for reliaEle and accurate eTuipment for material handling
and related logistics solutions is increasing. 0aterial handling mainl\ depends
on the precise positioning of heav\ loads and the eective control of fast
movements. 0aterials are transported with eTuipment such as forklift trucks,
moEile cranes, and aerial work platforms.
:ith ultrasonic sensors, \ou can determine whether a pallet is on the fork
and how far the fork is inserted under the pallet. This information allows ne
control and ensures proper transportation of the material.
Ultrasonic sensors of the L2 Series are ideal for installation on the forklift due to their
compact design.
Small and Reliable
0ount the ultrasonic sensor aEove the fork and slightl\ tilt the sensor up-
wards if possiEle. Reduce the sound Eeam via parameteri]ation software if
necessar\. For this application, we recommend a sensor range of 00 mm.
If \ou use sensors with a 2,000 mm range, consider using a Eigger sound
Eeam.
56
Assurance of Properly Transported Material
'etecting the pallet ensures that the fork is located far enough Eelow the Controlling the travel speed reduces the risk of accidents, and increases
pallet Eefore the lift is released. Eoth the safet\ and effectiveness of the machine. Ultrasonic technolog\ can
reliaEl\ detect pallets that are empt\, Eroken, coated, wrapped with
Other machine parameters such as machine control ensure the proper travel transparent foil, or made of metal. Thus materials can safel\ Ee carried to
speed. This speed depends on the situation. Use a slow travel speed when their destination.
the mast is e[tended and the fork is carr\ing a heav\ load. Select a slightl\
faster travel speed when the mast is e[tended and the fork is not carr\ing a
load.
<RXU%HQHWVDWD*ODQFH
Q RoEust and duraEle sensor solution
57
2. Applications | 2.3. Material Handling
Transporting Printed
Circuit Boards PCBs
PCB Detection Using Ultrasonic Sensors
From modern smartphones and household appliances to the cars we drive, Ultrasonic sensors help to reliaEl\ control the production process of these
electronics and therefore PCBs are an indispensaEle feature of almost highl\ sensitive PCBs. Owing to the e[tremel\ tight space restrictions prevalent
ever\ machine availaEle toda\. These PCBs are the Eeating heart of an\ device in this manufacturing application, the F77 miniature sensor is the ideal solution.
and must Ee handled with the utmost care. At Must 3 mm high and 2 mm wide, it ts perfectl\ underneath the conve\or
Eelt.
58
Small Sensor with a Big Sound Beam Ultrasonic Technology for Even Greater Reliability
The F77 direct-deflection sensor features a wide sound Eeam to generate Ultrasonic sensors provide a dependaEle switching signal even when faced
a measuring range of 20 to 20 mm, allowing reliaEle detection of the with reflective surfaces, which are actuall\ e[cellent reflectors of sound
PCBs as the\ pass. waves. Recesses in PCBs are rendered insignificant due to the width of the
sound Eeam. Harnessing ultrasonic technolog\ within the new miniature
The PCBs should enter the sound Eeam of the ultrasonic sensor at an angle design offers a comEination of significant Eenefits.
as close to perpendicular as possiEle to ensure reliaEle reflection of the
sound waves.
A suitaEle distance Eetween the PCB and the sensor must Ee calculated
to eliminate the risk of raised components on the PCB falling in the sensor
Interference- and Maintenance-Free System Operation
Elind ]one. Sound Eeam spread must Ee accounted for if the measuring
Achieve interference-free and maintenance-free operation for \our s\stem
distance is enlarged.
E\ integrating the tin\ F77 into \our application.
Owing to the e[tremel\ limited space restrictions in the conve\or Eelt, the
F77 miniature sensor is the perfect solution to guarantee the safe and
reliaEle function of \our production eTuipment.
<RXU%HQHWVDWD*ODQFH
Q Ver\ small design with tin\ Elind ]one for cramped mounting conditions
The F77 reliaEl\ detects PCBs with recesses and reflective surfaces.
59
2. Applications | 2.4. Food and Beverage
Speed and cleanliness are the determining factors in the food and Eeverage In Eeverage-lling s\stems, incoming and outgoing Eottles must Ee continuousl\
industr\. Short c\cle times and minimum machine and plant downtimes are of counted, regardless of the material and t\pe of liTuid. At the outlets of PET-Eottle-
particular importance, while h\giene reTuirements must not Ee ignored. Elowing machines and Eottle-washing machines, individual Eottles are detected
The strictest regulations and certications are necessar\ in order to create in order to ensure material ow.
high-Tualit\ end products.
60
High Degree of Chemical Resistance
Individual detection of conve\ed Eottles is normall\ too fast for sensing E\ Even in areas with strong steam generation, reliaEle detection of Eottles is
ultrasonic sensors. The Eottles pass E\ the sensor too Tuickl\ and the gaps guaranteed with ultrasonic thru-Eeam sensors.
Eetween the Eottles are often too small. For this reason, ultrasonic thru-Eeam
sensors are particularl\ suitaEle for Eottle counting.
The use of hot steam and chemicals for machine cleaning in these applications
reTuires ultrasonic thru-Eeam sensors with a high degree of chemical resistance. <RXU%HQHWVDWD*ODQFH
The IP degree of protection should Ee at least IP66..
The UBEC300-*00-... splash ]one Series is particularl\ suitaEle. Q Continuous monitoring of material flow
In machine areas not affected E\ cleaning c\cles, it is possiEle to use standard Q Optimi]ation of c\cle times
ultrasonic thru-Eeam sensors such as the UBE000-*00-... Series.
Q 'etection of even the most difficult materials such as glass or transparent
Because the ultrasonic sensors from Pepperl+Fuchs recogni]e even the most plastic Eottles
difficult materials, transparent glass or plastic Eottles are reliaEl\ detected.
Q Ideal for high-speed applications
'etecting and counting the Eottles at several points in the machine ensures
the continuous monitoring of material flow. The entr\ and e[it of Eottles in the
filling s\stem is optimi]ed, and missing Eottles in the chain are reliaEl\
detected.
61
2. Applications | 2.5. Doors, Gates, and Elevators
Vehicle 'etection
in Barrier S\stems
Ultrasonic Sensors Control the Lowering of Barriers
In car parking lots and in parking garages, entr\ is controlled using Earrier
s\stems. The Earrier must not Ee lowered when there is a vehicle underneath.
Ultrasonic sensors are particularl\ suitaEle for controlling this procedure. The\
detect oEMects regardless of vehicle t\pe or color and monitor the entire area
Eelow the Earrier.
Ultrasonic sensors are Tuick and eas\ to install in the Earrier s\stem housing.
If several Earriers are installed close together, the ultrasonic sensors must Ee
s\nchroni]ed with one another to prevent mutual interference.
:hen mounting and aligning the sensors, ensure that the devices are installed
at a sucient distance from the ground if necessar\, angled slightl\ upwards
and that the sound Eeam does not make contact with the ground. Proper
installation height is especiall\ important when temperatures uctuate from
summer to winter, since the sound Eeam si]e increases at low temperatures.
If necessar\, reduce the sound Eeam si]e via the parameteri]ation software.
If the Earrier s\stem is located outdoors, the ultrasonic sensors must Ee
suitaEle for such an environment.
62
Safe Passing with Ultrasonic Sensors
Ultrasonic sensors detect vehicles Eelow the Earrier reliaEl\ and regardless
of color. This safet\ feature prevents damage to the vehicle E\ preventing the
Earrier from lowering while a vehicle is Eeneath it.
Thanks to the sound Eeam and the resulting monitoring area, even smaller
oEMects or nonplanar vehicle parts such as trailers, rear Eike racks, and
motorc\cle riders, are reliaEl\ detected.
<RXU%HQHWVDWD*ODQFH
Q Simple control of Earrier s\stems
63
Global Reach
Sta\ing in Touch.
The :orld Over.
*ood customer relationships need care and attention. The\ are an
indication of genuine interest, trust, and a cooperative spirit
the foundation of Pepperl+Fuchs strengths. No matter where
\ou might Ee, we are alwa\s nearE\.
And we speak \our language
in more than 0 countries the world over.
Twinsburg
At Home on All Continents
Our customers are at the center of all our activities. Our worldwide network
ensures that we provide them with the Eest possiEle service and support.
Our world headTuarters in 0annheim services Europe through a network of
more than 0 aliates. Asia is handled E\ our oce in Singapore, with more
than ,000 emplo\ees in manufacturing, service, and sales. And our North
American headTuarters in TwinsEurg, Ohio, is responsiEle for a comprehensive
network of oces and sales partners in the USA, Canada, and 0e[ico.
No matter where in the world \ou ma\ Ee, Pepperl+Fuchs is right nearE\ and
alwa\s there for \ou.
64
Mannheim
Singapur
65
66
67
68
www.pepperl-fuchs.com
SuEMect to modifications Cop\right Pepperl+Fuchs Printed in *erman\ Part. no. 2620 02 00