CHAPTER 5 FORM WORK ormwork and centering is a temporary structure that is erected to support and contain concrete to the required dimensions and shape, till it attains enough strength to become self supporting. he formwork is designed to safely support the combined loads (dead and live loads) during concreting, without bulging or deflecting. 80 CHAPTER 5 FORMWORKIMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY —____ TYPES OF SHUTTERING/ FORMWORK __ Footing and Pedestals Column starter Columns (and Shear walls) Beams and Slabs Beam staging Beam shuttering Staircase formwork Landing Waist slab De-shuttering METHODOLOGY OF QUALITY INSPECTION TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS COMPONENTS OF CENTERING AND FORMWORK CHECKLIST. 82 84 84 85 87 87 88 90 90 90 91 92 93 94 95 81IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY Formwork drawing It is a drawing showing all the different details and dimensions of the formwork that has to be constructed on the site, as per formwork design. It should give the following details: — Elevations and sections showing the general arrangement of the formwork, identify its components and their locations — The maximum load it can take per unit area The types and size of each component and their spacing. — Any other specitic details for special conditions. Staging Staging is a temporary structure which is erected so that the formwork/ shuttering for slab, beams and other concrete structures can be supported, at raised heights. Staging is designed to sustain structural loads temporarily. Formwork coating agent The formwork coating agent serves the purpose of a separation medium. It acts as a lubricant and facilitates easy de-shuttering, without any damage to the concrete element. It also helps to keep the formwork clean and ensures easy maintenance. The application of the oil should be done 48 hours prior to concreting using a piece of sponge. 82 CHAPTER 5 FORMWORK Bracing It is a structural member which is used to stiffen the vertical members of formwork, hence making them more stable Boarding making 4 — rer 7 Plywood by itself is not strong enough to take the entire loading if it is used for the purpose of formwork. Hence the plywood has to be strengthened. This process is called board making and is done as follows. = The plywood is cut into the desired size and shape. Runners of suitable size are fixed to the face of the plywood which does not come in contact with the concrete. The size of the runner depends upon the loads that will be imposed on the formwork. The runners are fixed along edge of the plywood all along the perimeter and within these, intermediate stiffeners (runners) are fixed. The spacing of stiffeners depends upon the width of the board, more the width less will be the spacing between stiffeners — This prevents the plywood form bending, warping and bulging,Primary runner Formwork involves: Construction of the support structure called {tis the wooden runner that runs along staging/ centering. Construction of the the direction of the beam, on top o' formwork! shuttering (mould), which is in the the stirrup head or the U- jack. shape of the concrete element to be cast Secondary runner This is the wooden runner that is kept on top of the primary runner, perpendicular to the direction of the beam, at spacing as per design. This will support the bottom of the RCC beam that has to be cast. Extra support These are props that are provided at suitable locations for the slab and beam formwork, to impart extra strength to t! region of the formwork. Scaffolding Scaffolding is a temporary structure, used in building operations to support the platforms for workmen, structural material and appliances required during construction at raised heights with respect to the surrounding floor! ground level. General Formwork should be, Strong enough to bear its own self-weight plus the weight of concrete, reinforcement, dynamic effects of placing and compacting, construction traffic and wind load Water tight to avoid the leakage of cement slurry. Easily removable without any damage and should be re-usable. Dimensionally accurate and give the desired finish to the contact surface. According to the formwork drawing given by the structural consultant. ¢ STM 2008 83