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PHNG TRNH VA BAT PHNG TRNH

A.PHNG PHAP GIAI

PHNG TRNH BAC HAI, TAM THC BAC HAI

I. PHNG TRNH BAC HAI :
Dang ax 2 + bx + c = 0 1 a 0
1. Phng phap giai phng trnh bac hai.
b
Biet thc = b2 - 4ac (hay ' = b'2 - ac vi b ' = )
2
- Neu < 0 th (1) vo nghiem.
b b'
- Neu = 0 th (1) co nghiem so kep: x1 = x 2 = - (hay x1 = x 2 = - )
2a a
- Neu > 0 th (1) co 2 nghiem phan biet:
-b -b' '
x1, 2 = (hay x1, 2 = ).
2a a
ac biet:
c
- Neu a + b + c = 0 th (1) co hai nghiem x1 = 1; x 2 = .
a
c
- Neu a - b + c = 0 th (1) co hai nghiem x1 = -1 ; x 2 = - .
a
Neu (1) co hai nghiem x1, x2 th ax 2 + bx + c = a x - x1 x - x 2 .
2. nh ly Viet: Neu phng trnh bac hai ax 2 + bx + c = 0 co hai nghiem x1, x2 th
b c
S = x1 + x 2 = - va P = x1 x 2 = .
a a
II. DAU CUA TAM THC BAC HAI :
Phng phap xet dau:
Cho tam thc : f x = ax 2 + bx + c a 0 .
Biet so : = b2 - 4ac
TH 1: < 0
x
f(x) cung dau a
TH 2: = 0
x x 1= x 2
f(x) cung dau a 0 cung dau a
TH 3: > 0
x x1 x2
f(x) cung dau a 0 trai dau a 0 cung dau a

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PHNG TRNH BAC CAO

I. NH LY BEZOUT :
Cho a thc : P x = a 0 x n + a1x n-1 + + a n-1x + a n x 0 a 0 0 .
Cac so a 0 , a1 , , a n-1 , a n la cac he so.
la nghiem cua a thc P x khi P = 0 va khi o P x chia het cho x - .
II. S O HORNER :
Chia a thc : P x = a 0 x n + a1x n-1 + + a n-1x + a n cho x - , ta c:
P x = x - b0 x n-1 + b1x n-2 + + bn-2 x + bn-1
Trong o b i , i 0, 1, 2, , n c xac nh bi s o Horner :
x a0 a1 a2 an-2 an-1 an
b0 b1 b2 bn-2 bn-1 bn

Vi b0 = a 0 va bi bi - 1 + bi vi i 1, 1, 2, , n .
III. NH LY VIET :
1. Neu phng trnh bac ba ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d 0 co ba nghiem x1, x2, x3 th:
b
x1 + x 2 + x 3 = - a

c
x1 x 2 + x 2 x 3 + x 3 x 1 =
a
d
x1 x 2 x 3 = -
a
2. Neu phng trnh bac bon ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d 0 co bon nghiem x1, x2, x3, x4 th:
b
x1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = - a

x x + x x + x x + x x + x x + x x = c
1 2 1 3 1 4 2 3 2 4 3 4
a

x x x + x x x + x x x + x x x - d
1 2 3 1 2 4 2 3 4 1 3 4
a
e
x1 x 2 x 3 x 4 =
a
.

PHNG TRNH-BAT PHNG TRNH

CHA TUYET OI
I. PHNG TRNH CHA GIA TR TUYET OI :
A=B
Dang 1: A = B .
A = -B
B 0

Dang 2: A = B A = B .
A = -B

Lu y: Ta co rhe xet dau bieu thc trong tr tuyet oi sau o giai phng trnh tren tng
khoang.
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II. BAT PHNG TRNH CHA GIA TR TUYET OI :

Dang 1: A < B A2 < B2
Dang 2: A < B - B < A < B
A>B
Dang 3: A > B
A < -B
Lu y: Ta co rhe xet dau bieu thc trong tr tuyet oi sau o giai bat phng trnh tren tng
khoang.
.

PHNG TRNH - BAT PHNG TRNH

CHA CAN THC
I. PHNG TRNH CHA CAN THC :
B 0
Dang 1: 2n A = B 2n
.
A = B
A 0 hay B 0
Dang 2: 2n
B
A= 2n
.
A = B
Dang 3: 2n+1 A = 2n+1 B A = B .
A 0
B 0

Dang 4: A + B = C .
C - A + B
AB (Dang 1)
2
II. BAT PHNG TRNH CHA CAN THC :
B>0

Dang 1: A < B A 0
A < B2

B < 0 B 0
Dang 2: A >B hay
A 0 A B
2

B0
Dang 3: A> B .
A > B
.

Chuyen e 3: PHNG TRNH - HE PHNG TRNH AI SO

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A.PHNG PHAP GIAI

HE PHNG TRNH HAI AN
A1x+ B1 y = C1
Dang 1: vi A12 + A12 + B12 + B22 0 .
2
A x+ B 2 y = C 2

A1 B1
Lap : D = = A1B2 - A 2 B1 .
A2 B2
C1 B1
Dx = = C1B2 - C2 B1 .
C2 B2
A1 C1
Dy = = A1C2 - A 2C1 .
A2 C2
Dx
x = D
- Neu D = 0 th he co duy nhat mot nghiem: .
y = Dy
D
D = 0
- Neu th he vo nghiem.
D x 0 (hoa c D y 0)
- Neu D = Dx = Dy = 0 th he co vo so nghiem.
f x, y = 0 f x, y = f y, x
Dang 2: oi xng loai 1 : vi .
g x, y = 0 g x, y = g y, x
S = x + y
at : (ieu kien S2 4P ).
P = x y
F S, P = 0
Ta c he : ta tm c S, P.
E S, P = 0
Khi o x, y la nghiem cua phng trnh : X2 - SX + P = 0 .

f x, y = 0 (1)
Dang 3: oi xng loai 2 : .
f y, x = 0 (2)
y = x a
Lay (1) (2) ve theo ve ta c : y - x h x, y 0 .
h x, y = 0 b
a va 1
Ket hp : . .
b va 1
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PHNG TRNH, BAT PHNG TRNH BAC HAI

Bai 1 Cho phng trnh : x 2 + 2xcos + 1 + sin = 0 - 2; 2 .
1 1
a) nh e phng trnh co hai nghiem x 1, x2 thoa + = 8.
x12 x 22
b) Goi x1, x2 la hai nghiem cua phng trnh. Tm gia tr ln nhat, gia tr nho nhat cua
1 1
y= 2 + 2 .
x1 x 2
Bai 2 Cho phng trnh : 2x 2 - 2sin - 1 x + 6sin 2 sin 1 = 0 0; 2 .
a) nh e phng trnh co nghiem.
b) Goi x1, x2 la hai nghiem cua phng trnh. Tm gia tr ln nhat, gia tr nho nhat cua
y = x1 + x 22 .
2

12
Bai 3 Cho phng trnh : 12x 2 - 6mx + m2 4 2 = 0 m 0 .
m
a) nh m e phng trnh co hai nghiem x 1, x2 thoa x13 +x 32 + 2 x1 + x 2 < 0 .
b) Goi x1, x2 la hai nghiem cua phng trnh. Tm gia tr ln nhat, gia tr nho nhat cua
y = x + x 32 .
3
1

1
Bai 4 Cho x1, x2 la hai nghiem cua phng trnh x 2 + mx + 2 = 0 m 0 . nh m e x14 + x 24
m
at gia tr nho nhat .
Bai 5 nh m e he phng trnh :
x + y + xy m
a) 2 co nghiem.
x +y m
2

x + xy + y m + 1
b) co t nhat mot nghiem x; y thoa x > 0 va y > 0.
x y + xy m
2 2

x + xy + y m
c) 2 co ung hai nghiem.
x + y xy 1 2m
2

x 2 y3 - 4y 2 + my
d) 2 co mot nghiem duy nhat.
y x - 4x + mx
3 2

2 a2
2x y +
y
Bai 6 Chng minh he phng trnh a 0 co mot nghiem duy nhat.
2y 2 x +
2
a
x

x 2 4xy + y 2 m
Bai 7 Chng minh he phng trnh co nghiem m .
y 3xy = 4
2

Bai 8 nh m e phng trnh :

a) 2m + 3 x 2 - m + 5 x - 4m - 3 = 0 co hai nghiem x1, x2 thoa man ieu kien
3x1 - 1 3x 2 - 1 25 .
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1 1
b) 2m + 3 x 2 - m + 3 x + m + 2 = 0 co hai nghiem x1, x2 thoa man ieu kien + 2
x1 x 2
va x12 x 22 3 .
c) 2x 2 - 3m + 1 x + m2 + m = 0 co hai nghiem thoa man bat phng trnh
x - mx - 3m - 1 0 .
2

Bai 9 nh m e bat phng trnh :

a) x 2 - 2mx + 2 x - m + 2 > 0 co tap nghiem la .
b) x 2 + 2 x - m + m2 + m - 1 0 co nghiem.
c) 3 - x - m > x 2 co t nhat mot nghiem am.
Bai 10 nh m e :

x 7x - 8 0
2

a) He bat phng trnh 2 vo nghiem.

m x + 1 > 3 + 3m - 2 x


2x 3x - 2 0
2

b) He bat phng trnh 2 co nghiem.

x - m m + 1 x + m 0
3

x 2 6x + 7 + m 0
c) He bat phng trnh 2 co tap nghiem la mot oan tren truc so co
x + 4x + 7 - 4m 0
o dai bang 1.
Bai 11 nh m e :
a) Cac nghiem cua phng trnh x 2 - 2x - m2 + 1 = 0 eu gia hai nghiem cua phng
trnh x 2 - 2 m + 1 x - m m - 1 = 0 .
b) Moi phng trnh trong hai phng trnh x 2 + 3x + 2m = 0 va x 2 + 6x + 5m = 0 eu co
hai nghiem phan biet va gia hai nghiem cua moi phng trnh co ung mot nghiem cua phng
trnh kia.
Bai 12 nh m e phng trnh :
a) x 4 - 4mx3 + m + 1 x 2 - 4mx + 1 = 0 co nghiem.
m
b) x 2 + x + 1 = co nghiem.
2
2
x +x+1
2
x2 x2
c) m + 1 2 - 3m 2 + 4m = 0 co nghiem.
x + 1 x + 1
1 1
d) x 2 + 2 + 1 - 3m x + + 3m = 0 co nghiem.
x x
2
4x 2mx
e) 2 4
+ + 1 - m2 = 0 co nghiem.
1 + 2x + x 1 + x2
Bai 13 nh m e bat phng trnh :
a) mx 2 - x + 1 - m < 0 co tap nghiem la 0; 1 .
b) m2 + m - 2 x 2 - m + 5 x - 2 < 0 nghiemung vi moi so thc x 0; 1 .
1
> 0 co tap nghiem giao vi 1; + khac rong.
c) m + 1 x 2 + 3mx + m +
8
Bai 14 nh m e phng trnh :
a) x + x 2 - 2x + m = 0 co nghiem.
b) mx 2 - 2 m - 1 x + 2 = mx - 2 co nghiem duy nhat.
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c) 2x 2 - 3x - 2 = 5m - 8x - 2x 2 co nghiem duy nhat.

d) x - 1 = 2 x - m co bon nghiem phan biet.
2

e) -2x 2 + 10x - 8 = x 2 - 5x + m co bon nghiem bang nhau.

PHNG TRNH, BAT PHNG TRNH CHA CAN THC

Bai 1 Giai cac phng trnh sau ay :

a) x + 3 10 - x 2 x 2 - x - 12 .
4x + 9
b) 7x 2 + 7x x > 0 .
28
c) x 2 + 3x + 1 x + 3 x 2 1 .
x2 1
d) 5x + 3x + 3x - 2 + 3x - .
3 2

2 2
2
3x - 3x + 1 1 2x - 1 1
e) 2 .
2x - 1 x x 2x - 1
Bai 2 Giai cac phng trnh sau ay :
a) 2x 2 + 8x + 6 + x 2 - 1 = 2x + 2 .
b) 2x - 3 + 5 - 2x - x 2 + 4x - 6 = 0 .
6
c) 2x - 1 + 19 - 2x = .
10x - x 2 - 24
x+5
d) x 2 - 16 + x 2 + 4 = .
x + 11 x + 4
e) x + 4 + x - 4 = 2x - 12 + 2 x 2 - 16 .
Bai 3 Giai cac phng trnh sau ay :
a) x 3 + 1 - x 2 x 2 - 2x 2 .
3

b) 3x 2 + 6x + 16 + x 2 + 2x = 2 x 2 + 2x + 4 .
c) 1 + x x 2 - 24 x - 1 .
1 + 2x 1 - x 2
d) 2x 2 1 .
2
x+5
e) x+2+2 x+1 + x+2-2 x+1 = .
2
Bai 4 Giai cac he phng trnh sau :

x+5 + y-2 7
a) .
x-2 + y+5 7

2
x +x+y+1+x+ y2 + x + y + 1 + y 18
b) .

2
x +x+y+1-x+ y2 + x + y + 1 - y 2
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x y 7
+ 1
c) y x xy .

x xy + y xy 78

x+y - x-y 2
d) .

x 2
+ y 2
+ x 2
- y 2
4

3 x-y x-y
e) .
x + y x + y + 2

Bai 5 Giai cac bat phng trnh sau ay :
a) 2x - 1 + 4 2x + 1.

b) 4 x + 1 2x + 10 1 - 2x + 3 .
2 2

c) 2x + 6x 2 + 1 x + 1 .
d) x x - 4 - x 2 + 4x x - 2 2.
2

e) x 3 + 1 + x 2 + 1 3x x + 1 0 .
Bai 6 Giai cac bat phng trnh sau ay :
a) 5 + 4x - x 2 3 - x 2 2 .
b) x - 1 x - 3 2x 2 - 10x + 16 .
x2
c) x + 1 1 - x 2 - .
4
3 1
d) 3 x 2x + 7 .
2 x 2x
2 x 2 - 16 7-x
e) + x-3 .
x-3 x-3
Bai 7 Giai cac bat phng trnh sau ay :
3
a) x + 2 x - 1 x - 2 x - 1 .
2
b) 1 + 2x - x 2 1 - 2x - x 2 2 x - 1 2x 2 - 4x + 1 .
4

c) 1 - x + x 2 3 - x 2 8 - 2x .
d) 7x + 7 7x - 6 2 49x 2 + 7x - 42 181 - 14x .
e) x 2 + 3x + 2 x 2 + 6x + 5 2x 2 + 9x + 7 .
Bai 8 nh m e phng trnh :
a) 4x 2 + 2x + 1 4x 2 - 2x + 1 2m vo nghiem.
b) 2x 2 + 1 m - x co nghiem.
x+1
c) x - 3 x + 1 4 x - 3 m co nghiem.
x-3
x+m
d) x + 6 x - 9 x - 6 x - 9 co nghiem.
6

e) x x x + 12 m 5 - x 4 - x co nghiem.
Bai 9 nh m e he phng trnh :
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x y 1
a) co nghiem.

x x y y 1 - 3m

x + 1 y + 1 3
b) co nghiem.
x y + 1 y x + 1 + y + 1 x + 1 1 - 3m


x + 1 y - 2 m
c) m 0 co nghiem.

y + 1 x - 2 m

x y 3
d) co nghiem x; y thoa x > 4.
x+5 y+3 m


x2 + 3 y m
e) co ung mot nghiem.

y 2
+ 5 x x 2
+ 5 + 3 - m
Bai 10 nh m e bat phng trnh :
a) x - 2 x - m m - 2 vo nghiem.
b) mx - x - 3 m + 1 co nghiem.
c) x + 2x 2 + 1 m co nghiem.

3
d) x 3 + 3x 2 - 1 m x - x-1 co nghiem.

e) -4 4 - x 2 + x x 2 - 2x + m - 18 nghiem ung vi moi x 2; 4 .

Chuyen e 12: PHNG TRNH - BAT PHNG TRNH

MU, LOGARIT
A.PHNG PHAP GIAI
Van e 1:
PHNG TRNH MU
Dang 1: Dang c ban: vi 0 < a 1.
b > 0
a f x = b .
f x = log a b
Dang 2: a ve cung c so: a = a 1 .
f x g x

+ Neu 0 < a 1 th : 1 f x g x .

a>0
+ Neu a thay oi th : 1
a - 1 f x g x 0

t > 0
Dang 3: at an so phu: at t = ax, t > 0. Phng trnh a cho tng ng : .
g t = 0
Dang 4: oan ngiem va chng minh nghiem o duy nhat.
.

Van e 2:
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PHNG TRNH LOGARIT

0 < a 1
ieu kien ton tai log a f x la : .
f x > 0
0 < a 1
Dang 1: log a f x = b b .
f x = a
0<a 1

Dang 2: a ve cung c so: log a f x = log a g x g x 0 .
f x = g x

Dang 3: at an so phu: at t = log a f x . Sau o giai phng trnh ai so theo t .
Dang 4: oan ngiem va chng minh nghiem o duy nhat.
.

Van e 3:
BAT PHNG TRNH MU
Dang : a
f x
>a g x
1
+ Neu a >1 th : 1 f x g x .
+ Neu 0 < a < 1 th : 1 f x g x
Tong quat:
f x a > 0 a 1

+a > a g x
a - 1 f x g x 0


a>0
+ a a .
f x g x

a - 1
f x g x
0
.

Van e 4:
BAT PHNG TRNH LOGARIT
Dang 1: loga f x > log a g x (1)
gx > 0

+ Neu a >1 th : 1 f x g x 0 .
f x g x

f x > 0

+ Neu 0 < a < 1 th : 1 g x f x 0
g x f x

Dang 2: loga f x log a g x (2)
+ Neu a >1 th : 2 f x g x 0 .
+ Neu 0 < a < 1 th : 2 g x f x 0 .
.

PHNG TRNH, BAT PHNG TRNH MU VA LOGARITH

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Bai 1 Giai cac phng trnh sau ay :

a) 25x - 2 3 - x 5x + 2x - 7 0 .

x x
b) 5 - 21 + 7 5 + 21 2x + 3 .
12 2x
c) 23x - 6 2x - 1. 3 x - 1
+
2 2x
Bai 2 Giai cac phng trnh sau ay :
a) 8 3x + 3 2x 24 + 6x .
b) 4 3x - 9 2x 5 6x 2 .
c) 125x + 50x 23x + 1 .
d) 4x - 3x + 2 + 4x + 6x + 5 42x + 3x + 7 1 .
2 2 2

e) 3 2x + x + 1 - 23x + 2x + 2 21 - x .
2 2 2

Bai 3 Giai cac phng trnh sau ay :

x
a) 15 2 + 1 4x .
b) 3x + 5x 6x + 2 .
c) 8 3x + 3 2x 24 + 6x .
d) 2x-1 - 2x x - 1 .
2
-x 2

e) 2x -x + 12x - x 2 7x -x .
2 2 2

Bai 4 Giai cac phng trnh sau ay :

log 2 x log 2 x
a) 2 + 2 x 2- 2 1 + x2 .

b) log 4 x + 1 + 2 log 4 - x + log8 4 + x .

2 3
2

x - 1
c) log 27 x 2 - 5x + 6 log 3
1
+ log 9 x - 3 .
3 2

2 2
d) x 2 log 6 5x 2 - 2x - 3 + x log 6 5x 2 - 2x - 3 x 2 + 2x .
2
e) log 2 2x + log x 2x log 2 x 2 + log 2
x
2
log x
x
log 2 x = 2 .
2

Bai 5 Giai cac phng trnh sau ay :
a) x - 1 log5 3 log5 3x + 1 + 3 = log5 11 3x - 9 .
b) log 2 x 2 + 3x + 2 log 2 x 2 + 7x + 12 = 3 + log 2 3 .
c) log 2 x 2 + x + 1 log 2 x 2 - x + 1 = log 2 x 4 + x 2 + 1 log 2 x 4 - x 2 + 1 .
d) log3x + 7 9 + 21x + 4x 2 log 2x + 3 6x 2 + 23x + 21 = 4 .

e) log 2 x - x 2 - 1 log3 x + x 2 - 1 log 6 x - x 2 - 1 .
Bai 6 Giai cac phng trnh sau ay :
a) log5 x + log3 x log3 5 log9 225 .
b) log 7 x log3 x +2 .
c) log2 x + 2log7 x 2 log2 x log7 x .
d) log3 x 2 + x + 1 log3 x = 2x - x 2 .
x2 + x + 3
e) log3 2 = x + 3x + 2 .
2

2x + 4x + 5
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Bai 7 Giai cac bat phng trnh sau ay :

x-3 x+1

a) 10 3 x-1
10 3 x+3
.

b) 4x 2 + x 2x + 1 3 2x x 2x 8x + 12 .
2 2 2

c) x 4 - 8 ex - 1 x x 2 ex - 1 - 8 .
d) 32x + 8 3x + x + 4 9 9 x + 4 0 .
e) 8 3 x + x + 9 x +1 9 x .
4 4

Bai 8 Giai cac bat phng trnh sau ay :

a) 3x x 2 - 4 3x - 2 1 .
2
-4

b) 2 2x 3 3x 6x 1 .
c) 16x - 3x 4x 9x .
2 3x - 2x + 2
d) 1.
3x - 2x

x - x2 x - x2
e) + 21 + x + x 3 .
2
5 +1 5 -1
Bai 9 Giai cac bat phng trnh sau ay :
a) log0,5 9x-1 + 1 2 log0,5 3x-1 + 7 .
x3 32
b) log 42 x - x log 21 9 log 2 2 4log 21 x .
2 8 x 2

log 2 x 1 log 3 x 1
2 3

c) 0.
x 2 - 3x - 4
1 1
d) .
log 1 2x - 3x + 1 log 1 x + 1
2

3 3

e) log 2
x 2 + 3 x 2 - 1 2log 2 x 0 .

Bai 10 Giai cac bat phng trnh sau ay :

1
a) 2log 225 x - 1 log5 log 1 x - 1 .
2x - 1 - 1 5
b) log 22 x + log 1 x 2 - 3 5 log 4 x 2 - 3 .
2

c) log 4 2x + 3x + 2 + 1 log 2 2x 2 + 3x + 2 .
2

d) log 2 2x 1 log3 4x 2 2 .
e) x + 1 log0,5
2
x 2x + 5 log0,5
2
x + 6 0.
Bai 11 nh m e phng trnh :
a) log 2 2+ 7
x - m + 1 + log2 mx - x 0 co nghiem duy nhat.
2- 7
2

b) log 22 x + log1 2 x 2 - 3 m log x - 3 co nghiem thuoc na khoang 32; + .

4
2

c) log 2 m3 x 2 - 5m2 x 2 + 6 - m
log x2 + 2 3 - m - 1 co tap nghiem la .
Bai 12 nh m e phng trnh :
a) m - 1 log 21 x - 2 - m - 5 log 1 x - 2 + m - 1 = 0 co hai nghiem x1, x2 thoa ieu kien
2 2

2 < x1 x 2 < 4 .
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b) 2log 4 2x 2 - x + 2m - 4m2 + log 1 x 2 + mx - 2m2 = 0 co hai nghiem x1, x2 thoa ieu

2

kien x + x > 1 .
2
1
2
2

Bai 13 nh m e bat phng trnh :

a) 9x - 2 m + 1 3x - 2m - 3 > 0 co tap nghiem la .
b) 1 + log5 x 2 1 log5 mx 2 + 4x + m nghiem ung vi moi x .
c) log 2 7x 2 + 7 log 2 mx 2 + 4x + m co tap nghiem la .
Bai 14 nh m e bat phng trnh :
a) x - 61 - x m - 1 6x - 2 6-x + 2m + 1 0 nghiem ung vi moi x 0; 1 .
1
b) 92x 2 m - 1 62x + m + 1 42x 0 nghiem ung vi moi x thoa x .
2 2 2
-x -x -x

2
c) m2x + 1 + 2m + 1 3 - 5 + 3 + 5
x x
< 0 nghiem ung vi moi x 0 .

Bai 15 nh m e bat phng trnh :

lg 2x + m - 1
a) 1 nghiem ung vi moi x 0; 2 .
lg m 2 + m - lgx

b) log 2 x 2 - 2x + m + 4 log 4 x 2 - 2x + m 5 nghiem ung vi moi x 0 .

Bai 16 Gii cc PT sau :

a) 3x+1 + 3x-2 - 3x-3 +3x-4 = 750
b) 2 x x 22 x x 3
2 2

c) 12.3x + 3.15x -5x+1 = 20

2 x 7
1 1
1 6
d) .4 8
x 6x

2
e) ( 5 2 6 )sin x ( 5 2 6 )sin x 2
f) (2 2 )log2 x x(2 2 )log2 x 1 x 2
g) (2 3 ) x (2 3 ) x 14
h) 5.32 x 1 7.3x 1 1 6.3x 9 x 1 0
Bai 17 Gii cc PT sau :
2 1
1
1 x 1 x
a) 3 12
3 3
3
x
b) 4 9 x 6 x 1
2

c) 4x2 + x.3x + 31+x = 2x2.3x + 2x +6

d) 4cos 2 x 4cos x 3
2

4 x4
e) 3 81x 1
f) (2 3)( x 1) (2 3) x 2 x 1 2(2 3)
2 2

x
22 x x 3
2 2
g) 2 x ; h) 5x +12x = 13x
9cos 10 15.2 x 1 1 2 x 1 2 x 1
2 2
i) 9sin x x
; j)
Bai 18 Gii cc BPT sau :
 Netschool.edu.vn

2x
3
a) 2.14x + 3.49x - 4x 0 b) ( x 2 1) x x2 1
2
;
x2 2x 16 x

10 3 10 3
x 3 x 1
1 1
c) ; d) x 1 x 3
3 9
2 1
1
2.3x 2 x 2 1 x 1 x
e) 1 ; f) 3 12
3x 2 x 3 3
x 1 3
log2 x log2 x
g) 5.2 7.10 2.5
x 2 x
; h) 2 x 2
2 2

x 1
2 4 x 16
1 1 1

i) 0 ; j) 9 6 4 0
x x x
x2
Bai 19 Gii cc PT sau :
1
a) log 2 (3x 1) 2 log 2 ( x 1)
log x 3 2
b) ( x 1) log 5 3 log 5 (3x 1 3) log 5 (11.3x 9)
e) log 4 ( x x 2 1).log 5 ( x x 2 1) log 20 ( x x 2 1)
1 x 1
c) log 27 ( x 2 5 x 6)3 log 3 log 9 ( x 3)2
2 2
1
d) log 1 log 3 x 2 0
5
3
e) log 9 (3x 2 4 x 2) 1 log 3 (3x 2 4 x 2)
Bai 20 Gii cc BPT v PT sau :
a) log (1 x 2 ) (1 x) 1 ; b) log 2 (4 x 4) x log 1 (2 x 1 3)
2

c) log 2 ( x 1) log 1 ( x 1)
2
; d) log 7 x log 3 (2 x )
2

e) log 4 ( x 1) 2 log
2
2
4 x log8 (4 x)3
f) log 3 ( x 2 x 1) log 3 x 2 x x 2
Bai 21 Gii cc BPT v PT sau :
a) log 4 x log 1 x log 8 x3 5 ; b) log 2 x 4 log 4 x 5
16

c) log x 2 (2 x) log x2 d) log 2 ( x 1)2 log 4 ( x 1)6 25

4 2
2 x
;
e) log 2 ( x2 x 1) log 2 ( x2 x 1) log 2 ( x4 x2 1) log 2 ( x 4 x 2 1)
1
f) log 4 ( x 2 7 x 12) log 2 ( x 2) log 2 x 4 1
2
Bai 22 Gii cc BPT v PT sau :
x2 8x 1 x 1
a) log 2 2 ; b) ln ln( x 2 x 1) 0
x 1 2
1
c) (lg x)(lg 2 x lg x 2 3) 0 ; d) log x 2 3 4 x 2
2
e) log x (log 3 (9 x 72)) 1 ; lgx
f) 5 + x = 50lg5

Bai 23 Gii cc BPT v PT sau :

1 1
a) log 2 ( x 3) log 4 ( x 1)8 log 2 (4 x)
2 4
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b) 16 log 27x 3 x 3 log 3 x x 2 0 .

c) log 1 (4 x 4) log 1 (22 x 1 3.2 x )
2 2

d) log 1 x 2 log 1 ( x 1) log 2 6 0 .

2 4
e) log5(5x - 4) = 1 - x

f) log log 2 ( x 2 x 2 x ) 0 .
4
g) log2x +2log7x =2 + log2xlog7x
4log2 2 x xlog2 6 2.3log2 4 x
2
h)
x 1
i) ( x 2 4 x 3 1) log 5 ( 8 x 2 x 2 6 1) 0 .
5 x

CC THI I HC THAM KHO T : 2002 - 2009

1) Tm m e phng trnh sau co nghiem thc: 3 x - 1 + m x + 1 = 2 4 x2 - 1 .

2) Chng minh rang vi moi gia tr dng cua tham so m, phng trnh sau co hai nghiem
thc phan biet: x2+ 2x 8 = m(x - 2) .
3) Tm gia tr cua m e he phng trnh sau co nghiem thc:
1 1
x+ x y+ y 5

.
x3 + 1 y3 + 1 15m - 10
x3 y3

x y - xy 3
4) Giai he phng trnh: (x, y ) .

x + 1 y + 1 4
4) Tm m e phng trnh sau co hai nghiem thc phan biet:: x2 + mx + 2 2x + 1.
5) Giai phng trnh: 2x - 1 + x2- 3x + 1 0 (x ) .
6) Giai bat phng trnh: 5x - 1 x - 1 2x - 4 ;
x - 1 2 - y 1

7) Giai he phng trnh: ;

3log 9
(9x 2
)- log 3
y 3
= 3

8) 2 x + 2 + 2 x + 1 - x + 1 4 ;

9) Giai bat phng trnh:

2 x 2 - 16 x-3 >
7-x
.
x-3 x-3
1
log 1 y - x - log4 1
10) Giai he phng trnh : 4
y
x 2 + y 2 = 25

11) Xac nh m e phng trnh sau co nghiem:
m 1+x 2

1 - x2 2 2 1 - x 4 1 + x2 1 - x2 .

x y 1
12) Tm m e he phng trnh sau: co nghiem.
x x y y 1 - 3m

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1 1
x - y -
13) Giai he phng trnh: x y.
2y x3 + 1

y2 + 2
3y
x2
14) Giai he phng trnh: .
3x x2 + 2
y2
2 2
15) Giai phng trnh: 2x -x
- 22+x-x = 3 .
16) Cho phng trnh: log32 x + log32 x + 1 - 2m -1 = 0 (2) (m la tham so).
a) Giai phng trnh (2) khi m = 2.
b) Tm m e phng trnh (2) co t nhat mot nghiem thuoc oan 1,3 3 .

17) Giai bat phng trnh: logx log3 9x - 72 1 .

3x-y x-y
18) Giai he phng trnh: .

x + y = x + y + 2

19) Giai bat phng trnh: x2 - 3x 2x2 - 3x - 2 0 .
23x 5y 2 - 4y

20) Giai he phng trnh: 4x + 2x+1 .
x = y
2 +2

21) Giai bat phng trnh: log 1 4x + 4 log 1 22x+1 -3.2x .
2 2

1
x + 3 14 log x -1 log2 4x .
8
22) Giai phng trnh: log 4
2 2

23) Tm a e phng trnh sau co nghiem: 91 1- t 2

a + 2 31 1- t 2
2a + 1 = 0 .
x - 4 y 3 0
24) Giai he phng trnh: .
log 4
x - log 2
y = 0

25) Giai bat phng trnh: 15 2x+1 + 1 2x - 1 + 2x+1 .

26) Giai phng trnh: 16log27x3 x - 3log3x x2 = 0 .

27) Giai he phng trnh:

log x3 + 2x 2 - 3x - 5y = 3
x
.




logy y3 + 2y 2 - 3y - 5x = 3
28) Giai he phng trnh:
log xy = log y

y x
.
2 + 2 = 3
x y

log
2
29) Tm m e phng trnh 4 log2 x 1
x+ m = 0 co nghiem thuoc khoang (0, 1).
2

30) Giai bat phng trnh: log 1 x + 2log 1 x - 1+ log2 6 0 .

2 4
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31) Cho ham so f(x) = xlogx2 (x > 0, x 1). Tnh f(x) va giai bat phng trnh: f'(x) 0 .
32) Giai phng trnh: log5(5x- 4) = 1 x.
33) Giai bat phng trnh: log log2 x + 2x2 - x 0 .
4

1 3
log2 x log2 x
34) Giai bat phng trnh: 2x 2 22 .
2 + 4x 16
x-1
35) Giai bat phng trnh: 4.
x-2

x2 + y = y2 + x
36) Giai he phng trnh: .

x x + y + 1 + y y + 1 = 2

x2 + y2 + x + y = 4
37) Giai he phng trnh: .

x x + y + 1 + y y + 1 = 2

2x + y + 1- x + y = 1
38) Giai he phng trnh: .

3x + 2y = 4
39) Giai phng trnh: 3x - 3 5 - x 2x - 4 .
40) Giai bat phng trnh: 8x2 - 6x + 1 4x + 1 0 .
41) Giai bat phng trnh: 2x + 7 5-x 3x - 2 .
2x-x2
2 1
42) Giai bat phng trnh: 9x 2
-2x
3.
3
x 2 + 1 + y y + x = 4y

43) Giai he phng trnh: 2 x, y .


x + 1 y + x - 2 = y

x - 8x = y + 2y
3 3

44) Giai he phng trnh: 2 x, y .

x - 3 = 3 y 2
+ 1
45) Giai phng trnh: 3x - 2 x - 1 4x - 9 + 2 3x2 - 5x + 2 .
x - y x2 + y2 13

46) Giai he phng trnh: x, y .

x + y x 2
- y 2

25
x 2 - xy + y2 3 x - y

47) Giai he phng trnh: x, y .
x + xy + y 7 x - y
2 2 2

48) Giai phng trnh: x + 2 7 - x = 2 x - 1 + -x2 + 8x - 7 + 1 x .

49) Giai bat phng trnh: logx 5x2 - 8x + 3 > 2 .
50) Giai bat phng trnh: x2 + 2x + 5 4 2x2 + 4x + 3 .
x3 2y + x + 2
51) Giai he phng trnh: 3 .
y 2x + y + 2
52) Giai phng trnh: 3 x2 5x + 10 5x - x2 .
53) Giai phng trnh: 3 x2 5x + 10 5x - x2 .
54) Tm gia tr cua tham so e phng trnh sau co nghiem dng:
x2 4x + 5 m + 4x - x2 .
55) 2x2 18x + 37 x + 4 .
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56) Giai bat phng trnh: 5x2 + 10x + 1 7 - 2x - x2 .

57) Giai phng trnh: logx(125x).log252x = 1.
58) 4x 5.2x 24 = 0.
59) Giai phng trnh : x2- 2x + 3 = 2 2x2 - 4x + 3 .
60) Giai bat phng trnh: x - 1 + x + 1 4.
61) Giai phng trnh: 3x + 7 - x + 1 2 .
x y y x 6
62) Giai he phng trnh: 2 ;
x y y x 20
2

63) Giai bat phng trnh: x2 - 4x > x - 3 .

2 5
x + y + x y+ xy + xy = - 4
3 2

64) Giai he phng trnh: x, y .

x + y + xy 1+ 2x = -
4 2 5
4
x + 2x y+ x y = 2x + 9
4 3 2 2
65) Giai he phng trnh: x, y .
x 2
+ 2xy = 6x + 6
xy + x + y = x - 2y
2 2

66) Giai he phng trnh: x, y .

x 2y - y x - 1 = 2x - 2y
x - m y = 1
67) Tm gia tr cua tham so m e he phng trnh: co nghiem (x, y) thoa man
mx + y = 3
xy < 0.
68) Gii phng trnh: (x2 3x + 2)2 3(x2 3x + 2) + 2 = x
x2 1 y x y 4y

69)Gii h 2

x 1 x y 2 y

x - y + 3y -3x -2 = 0
3 3 2

70)Tm m h phng trnh : 2 c nghim

x + 1 - x 2
3 2 y y 2
m 0
71)Tm m phng trnh
2|x| | x | 1 | x | x 2 m c nghim duy nht .

xy x 1 7y
72)Gii h phng trnh 2 2 (x, y )
x y xy 1 13y 2

x(x y 1) 3 0
73)Gii h phng trnh 5 (x, y R)
(x y)2 2 1 0

x
74)Gii phng trnh : 2 3x 2 3 6 5x 8 0 (x R)
3