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Chapter 04-Continuous and Perfect Tenses
Chapter 04-Continuous and Perfect Tenses
CHAPTER 4
THE CONTINUOUS AND THE PERFECT TENSES
Sub topics
Present and past continuous tenses
Present and past perfect tenses
Examples:
1. The virus diseases are attacking citrus farm in Kumpeh Ulu, Jambi.
2. Farmers in Kayu Aro are growing potatoes, carrots and other vegetables.
3. The extension officer is presenting the methods of making compost.
4. Budi is doing intercropping between lettuce and baby corn.
5. I am cultivating my land by using hand-tractor.
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
Examples:
1. For an action happening in the past:
- Tono was spraying the rice field with insecticides.
2. For two actions happening at the same time in the past:
- Tono was spraying the rice field while his wife was clearing the weeds.
3. For two actions happening in the past, one was continuing while the other
interrupted:
- Tono and his wife were working the rice field when the flood suddenly
came yesterday.
Examples:
1. Ani has taken the Agricultural Extension course for nearly one semester.
2. Mr. Madjid has already sold his farm products in the local market with a good
price.
3. I have learned the breeding of tropical vegetables through genetic
engineering since many years.
4. Anton and Susan have demonstrated the techniques of plant propagation
by vegetative methods.
5. Some horticultural products have been rotten during transportation from field
to market due to high temperature.
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
The formula of past perfect tense: Subject + had + verb (type III).
Examples:
1. Jono had sold his buffaloes before he bought a hand-tractor for cultivating
the rice field.
2. Farmers in our village had cleared the weeds, bush and other materials
before they cultivated the land using a hand-tractor.
3. They sprayed the pesticide after the aphids had attacked their tomato
crops.
4. My uncle grew soybean after he had harvested the cabbages.
5. The birds had left when the farmer put up the scarecrow.
Examples:
1. The virus diseases are attacking citrus farm in Kumpeh Ulu, Jambi.
- The virus diseases are not attacking citrus farm in Kumpeh Ulu, Jambi.
- Are the virus attacking citrus farm in Kumpeh Ulu, Jambi?
- What are attacking citrus farm in Kumpeh Ulu, Jambi?
2. Farmers in Kayu Aro are growing potatoes and carrots.
- Farmers in Kayu Aro are not growing potatoes and carrots.
- Are farmers in Kayu Aro growing potatoes and carrots?
- Who are growing potatoes and carrots?
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
Examples:
1. Mr. Madjid has already sold his farm products in the local market.
- Mr. Madjid has not already sold his farm products in the local market.
- Has Mr. Madjid already sold his farm products in the local market?
- Where has Mr. Madjid already sold his farm products?
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
Students activity
Assignment 1
Please have a look at the following passage, then fill in the blanks with
appropriate words (based on the word in the bracket).
A Buffalo Attack
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
Assignment 2
Try to construct 5 (five) sentences of each present continuous, past
continuous, present perfect and past perfect tenses, then transform the
sentences into negative and interrogative forms.
Vocabulary list
Aphids = sejenis serangga kutu
Baby corn = jagung semi (jagung sayur)
Bush = semak belukar
Cabbage = kubis
Carrots = wortel
Citrus = jeruk
Clearing = membersihkan (rumput, belukar)
Compost = pupuk kompos
Cultivating = membudidayakan
Genetic engineering = rekayasa genetika
Hand-tractor = traktor tangan
Hay = jerami
Intercropping = tumpang sari
Plant propagation = perbanyakan tanaman
Potatos = kentang
Scarecrow = orang-orangan di sawah untuk mengusir burung
Silos = silo (tempat menyimpan hasil panen biji-bijian)
Vegetables = sayuran
Virus = virus
Weeds = gulma (tumbuhan pengganggu)
Wheat = gandum
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