EM101/ED109/EE202

Engineering Graphics and Design

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 2.0 FREEHAND SKETCHING
Learning Outcome
The student is able to perform freehand
sketching by the understanding its basic
principles.

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 Freehand Sketching
Freehand sketches are a helpful way to organize your thoughts and record ideas. They
provide a quick, low-cost way to explore various solutions to design problems so that the
best choices can
be made.

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 TECHNIQUE OF LINES
The chief difference between a drawing and a freehand sketch lies in the character or
technique of the lines.
H pencil
A good freehand line is not expected
to be as rigidly straight or exactly H pencil

uniform. A good freehand line shows

freedom and variety, whereas a line
drawn using CAD or instruments
should be exact.

for
line patterns cirlce

for
object
moving
from one
point to
another

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Good and Poor Technique

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 Lineweights
Even in freehand drawings, thick lines should be twice the width of thin lines.
Thicknesses do not have to be exact, but there should be an obvious
difference between thick and thin lines. Because visible lines and cutting-
plane lines are the two thick line patterns, other lines should be distinctly
thinner in comparison.

To draw thick and thin lines freehand,

you might like to keep two pencils
handy, one that is razor sharp for thin
lines and another that is dulled, to
create thicker lines. As the sharp point
becomes dulled, switch it with the
dull pencil, and sharpen the other,
so that there is always one sharp
and one dulled point ready to use.

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 SKETCHING STRAIGHT LINES
Most of the lines in an average sketch are straight lines. With
practice, your straight lines will naturally improve, but these
basics may help you improve quickly.

Hold your pencil naturally, about 1" back from the point, and approximately at a right
angle to the line to be drawn.
Draw horizontal lines from left to right with a free and easy wrist and arm movement.
Draw vertical lines downward with finger and wrist movements.

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STRAIGHT LINE Tips

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STRAIGHT LINE Tips continued

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STRAIGHT LINE Tips continued

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STRAIGHT LINE Tips continued

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STRAIGHT LINE Tips continued

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METHODS FOR SKETCHING
CIRCLES

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METHODS FOR SKETCHING ARCS

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METHODS FOR SKETCHING
ELLIPSES

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 MAINTAINING PROPORTIONS
The most important rule in freehand sketching is to keep the sketch in
proportion, which means to accurately represent the size and position
of each part in relation to the whole.

To maintain proportions, first determine the relative proportions of

height to width and lightly block them in. You can mark a unit on the
edge of a strip of paper or use your pencil to gauge how many units
wide and high the object is.

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Types of Sketches

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Multiviews Sketching

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ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS steps

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Isometric Sketching

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Isometric Ellipses

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Sketching on Isometric Paper

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OBLIQUE SKETCHING steps

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Oblique Sketching

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Oblique Sketching on Cross-section Paper

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PERSPECTIVE DRAWING One-Point
steps

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Sketching in One-Point Perspective

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PERSPECTIVE DRAWING Two-Point
steps

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Two-Point Perspective

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