One-way spanning slab

1. Get effective depth d = h-40mm

2. Get loadings/m w = 1.35DL + 1.5LL (remember self weight)
3. Flexural reinforcement Mu = 0.125*w*L2
M
0.167
4. Check bending reinforcement b*d 2 * f ck fck=25Mpa

5. Check Z=0.95d

M
0.06
If 2
b*d * f ck then go to p69 for Z

M
6. Get A st=
0.87f ckZ

100A st
7. Get min steel =0.13 (Ac = 1000*h)
Ac

8. Max spacing 400mm (If h<135 go to page 137)

9. SHEAR
Get shear at face of support, Vef
Get shear flow v

vbd V ef OK

Distibution steel in other direction Ast = 1.3h (mm/m)

One-way spanning continuous slabs
1. Get effective depth d = h-40mm
2. Get loadings/m (for 1m with of slab) w = 1.35DL + 1.5LL
(remember self weight)
3. Table 8.1 for Mu and Vu

Outer Middle end First interior

support span support
Moment 0 0.086*w*l2 -0.086*w*l2
Shear 0.4*w*l 0 0.6*w*l

M
0.167
4. Check bending reinforcement b*d 2 * f ck fck=25Mpa

5. Check Z=0.95d

M
0.06
If b*d 2 * f ck then go to p69 for Z

M
6. Get
A st=
0.87f ckZ

100A st
7. Get min steel =0.13 (Ac = 1000*h)
Ac

8. Max spacing 400mm (If h<135 go to page 137)

9. SHEAR

Get shear at face of support, Vef

Get shear flow v

vbd V ef OK

Distibution steel in other direction Ast = 1.3h (mm/m)

Simply supported two-way spanning slabs
1. Get effective depth d = h-40mm
2. Get loadings/m w = 1.35DL + 1.5LL (remember self weight)
3. Get loadings using Table 8.4 on p232
Msx= asx*n*lx2
Msy= asy*n*lx2

n = same as w in step 2
l = span

4. Short span
M
0.167
Check bending reinforcement b*d 2 * f ck fck=25Mpa

Check Z=0.95d

M
0.06
If b*d 2 * f ck then go to p69 for Z

M
Get
A st=
0.87f ckZ

100A st
Get min steel =0.13 (Ac = 1000*h)
Ac

Max spacing 400mm (If h<135 go to page 137)

SHEAR(same as step 9)

5. Long span (same as step 4)

 Two-way spanning continuous slab

1. Get effective depth d = h-40mm

2. Get loadings/m (for 1m with of slab) w = 1.35DL + 1.5LL
(remember self weight)
3. Get loadings using table 8.5 on p 235
Msx= bsx*n*lx2
Msy= bsy*n*lx2

4. Short span
M
0.167
Check bending reinforcement 2
b*d * f ck fck=25Mpa

Check Z=0.95d

M
0.06
If b*d 2 * f ck then go to p69 for Z

M
Get
A st=
0.87f ckZ

100A st
Get min steel =0.13 (Ac = 1000*h)
Ac

Max spacing 400mm (If h<135 go to page 137)

SHEAR(same as step 9)
5. Long span (same as step 4)
Flat slabs
1. Get effective depth d = h-40mm
2. Get loadings w*tributary width (w=1.35Dl + 1.5LL) Remember self
weight
3. Get Mu and Vu from table 8.1

Outer Middle First Middle of At interior

support end span interior interior supports
support span
Moment 0 0.086*w*l2 - 0.063*w*l2 -
0.086*w*l2 0.063*w*l2
Shear 0.4*w*l 0 0.6*w*l 0 0.5*w*l

4. Z=0.95d

5. Divide MOMENTS according to table

Column strip Middle strip

Hogging moment 75% 25%
Sagging moment 55% 45%

M
6. Get A st= (rememder not per meter but per span)
0.87f ckZ

7. Check min steel for each area (Y10 min)

100A st
=0.13 (Ac = 1000*h)
Ac
Ast,min = 1.3h

8. Max spacing 400mm (If h<135 go to page 137)

Punching Shear

1. Max permissible force at face of loaded area (u = perimeter of column)

[
V Rd ,max =0.5 ud 0.6 1 ( fck
250 )] fck
1.5 [N] > VEd,eff

V Ed =Trib areaw( colsholes )w

VEd,eff = VEd*

2. Check shear capacity 2d from loaded face

u1=u+ 4 d [mm]

A sy
y=
1000 d

A sz
z=
1000 d

1= y z

Get v Rd ,c from Table 8.2 pg 219 (Basic interpolation)

For concrete mod factor p1> 0.4

V Rd ,c =u1dv Rd , c [N]

V Rd ,c <V Ed ,eff <2 V Rd ,c then punching reinforcement is required

3. Check outer perimeter at which reinforcement is not required ( uout , ef )

V Ed ,eff
uout , ef = [mm] = 2(b + h) + 2dx (Solve for x)
v Rd , cd
(x-1.5)d from loaded face is outer reinforcement distance

Perimeter spacing = sr = 0.75d

Link spacing = 0.75d = st

V Ed , eff
v Rd ,cs =
u1d

f ywd ,ef =250+ 0.25 d 0.87 f yk

v Rd ,cs 0.75 v Rd , c
A sw
Area steel required/perimeter f [mm2]
1.5 ywd , ef
sr u 1

A sw
Area steel required per leg = u1
0.75 d
Columns

1. Get l0 = PAGE 263 OR

3.46 l 0 y 3.46 l 0 z
2. y= z=
h b

10.8
lim =
3.
N Ed
0.567 Ac f ck

for unbraced column
 M 01

lim =
15.4 1.7( M 02 )
N Ed
0.567 A c f ck

for braced column

M 01
( =if doublecurvature|M 02|>| M 01|)
M 02

lim
If not slender: <

Check if necessary to design for biaxial bending

Mz
ez = [mm]
N Ed

My
e y= [mm]
N Ed

ez ey
h b
If >0.2 AND >0.2 then biaxial bending occurs
ey ez
b h

Mz My N Ed h40
If > : M 'z =M z +(1 ) M
h40 b40 bh f ck b40 y

Mz My N Ed b40
If < : M 'y =M y +(1 ) M
h40 b40 bh f ck h40 z
 lim
If slender: >

K 1=1

K 2=1

11l 20 f yk
e 2= 2
103500 d

l0
e a=
400

M1 M2
e 01= e 02=
N Ed N Ed

e 0 is the greater of 0.6 e 02+ 0.4 e 01 or 0.4 e 02 (Look for highest

combination and remember e01 and e02 change signs with double
curvature)

e tot =e 0+ e a+ e2
 M t=N Ed e tot

Go to MN diagram and use Mt and NEd BUT LOOK ON NEXT PAGE IF BIAXIAL
Check if necessary to design for biaxial bending

M zt
ez = [mm]
N Ed

M yt
e y= [mm]
N Ed

ez ey
h b
If >0.2 AND >0.2 then biaxial bending occurs
ey ez
b h

M zt M yt N Ed h40
If > : M 'zt =M zt +(1 ) M
h40 b40 bh f ck b40 yt

M zt M yt N Ed b40
If < : M 'yt =M yt +(1 ) M
h40 b40 bh f ck h40 zt

Go to MN diagram and use larger of (Mzt or Myt) and NEd

Links: Min dia = 0.25*dia of one bar
Max spacing = 20*dia of one bar
Prestressing

1: Draw BMD for Mmax and Mmin for UNfactored Live Loads

M = Mmax Mmin (Check signs)

M
2: Get Zmin = P ( = 0.45fcu ; P/A = 8)

A

I 1 2
3: Assume b and get h with Z = = b h (for rectangular sections )
y 6

For other sections, get N/A and work out I = Ii + Aidi2

4: Work out Ztop and Zbot

5: Work out Area = A
6: Get Mmax and Mmin with DL + LL + SW
AT MIDSPAN
7: Get emax = h/2 - 0.1 (T-beams, etc, remember e is from N/A)

P Pe M max
8: Get P with bot = + 0
A Z bot Z bot

P Pe M max
9: Check top = + 0.45 f cu (If check fails, reduce e and give
A Z top Z top
story)
AT SUPPORT (if beam not simply supported)

P Pe M max ()
10:Get esup with previous P using top = + 0
A Z top Z top
 P Pe M max ( )
11: Check bot = + 0.45 f cu (If check fails, reduce e
A Z bot Z bot
and give story)
TRANSFER CONDITIONS
12:Draw one BMD with SW only
13: Get Pini = P/(1-fraction losses)
MIDSPAN

Pini Pe M sw
14:Check bot = + 0.45 f cu
A Z bot Zbot

Pini Pe M sw
15:Check top = + 0
A Z top Z top

AT SUPPORT (if beam not simply supported)

Pini Pe M sw
16:Check top = + 0.45 f cu
A Z top Z top

Pini Pe M sw
17:Check bot = + 0
A Z bot Zbot

Pad (square) footings

1: Assume h >= 600mm

2: Net bearing pressure net = permissible bearing pressure (h*25) [kN/m 2]

Total max UNfactored column loads

3: Required base area Areq = net [m2]

4: Base dimensions b = A req (round up b)

5: Get axial loads (NEd) with ULS: Ned = 1.35DL + 1.5LL (Assume 1.5WL if
required)

N Ed
6: Earth pressure = [kN/m2]
b2

7: Get d = h 90
8: Bending reinforcement
 b u 2
pressureb( )
MEd = 2 8 [kNm]
Earth
2

Z = 0.95d

M Ed
As= [mm2] (in one direction)
0.87 f yk z

Check min steel

100A st
=0.13 (Ac = h*b)
Ac

9: Max shear resistance at face of column (u = perimeter of column)

[ (
V Rd ,max =0.5 ud 0.6 1
fck
250 )] fck
1.5 [N] > N Ed

10: Punching shear:

Perimeter at 2d (u1)
u1=u+ 4 d [mm]
2
u
Area within perimeter = 4 d 2 +2 du+ () 4 (Put all dimensions in m to get

m2)
Punching shear force VEd = Earth pressure*(b2 Area within perimeter)
V Ed
Shear stress vEd = u 1d [MPa]

A s (one direction)
Check Table 8.2 with 1 = bd that vEd < vRd,c

Calculate shear resistance of concrete V Rd,c = vRd,c x u1 x d

Check that VEd < VRd,c

Combined footings
1: Assume h >= 600mm

2: Net bearing pressure net = permissible bearing pressure (h*25) [kN/m 2]

 Total max UNfactored column loads
3: Required base area Areq = net [m2]

4: Select width (b) and length (l)

5: Get point of resultant unfactored load of columns (xbar)
6: Shift centroid of to position of resultant load

7: Axial loads for all columns (NEd) with ULS: NEd = 1.35DL + 1.5LL (Assume
1.5WL if required)

N Ed
8: Earth pressure = bl [kN/m2]

9: Get d = h 90
10:Bending reinforcement
LONGITUDINAL direction
Draw SFD and BMD to get max hogging and sagging M Ed
Z = 0.95d

M Ed
As= [mm2] (in one direction) remember hogging AND sagging
0.87 f yk z

Check min steel

100A st
=0.13 (Ac = h*b)
Ac

TRANSVERSE direction
2
pressure(b)
MEd = Earth [kNm/m]
2

Z = 0.95d
M Ed
As= [mm2/m] (in one direction) remember hogging AND
0.87 f yk z
sagging
Check min steel

100A st
=0.13 (Ac = h*l)
Ac

11: Max shear resistance at face of BOTH columns (u = perimeter of

column)
 [ (
V Rd ,max =0.5 ud 0.6 1 )]
fck fc k
250 1.5 [N] > N Ed ( per column)

12: Shear
VEd = Max SFD value Earth Pressure*width(d + 0.5column width) [kN]

As
1 = 0.5
bd

Check table 8.2 for vRd,c

Calculate shear resistance of concrete V Rd,c = vRd,c x b x d [kN]
Check that VEd < VRd,c
13: Punching shear (ONLY IF 2d fits inside base):
Perimeter at 2d (u1)

u1=u+ 4 d [mm]
2
u
Area within perimeter = 4 d 2 +2 du+ () 4 (Put all dimensions in m to get

m2)
Punching shear force VEd = Earth pressure*(b2 Area within perimeter)
V Ed
Shear stress vEd = u 1d [MPa]

A s (one direction)
Check Table 8.2 with 1 = bd that vEd < vRd,c

Calculate shear resistance of concrete V Rd,c = vRd,c x u1 x d

Check that VEd < VRd,c