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succeed, he needs ability or prowess, virtu or honour in the form of
calculation and ruthlessness.
All those who are in power, or seek it, win the public over to their
position through thoughtful argument or by playing upon their
emotions. Brutus uses honour to strike Caesars down in the name
of liberty, fearing that absolute power and Caesars view of himself
as more than a mere mortal will enslave Rome to the will of a single
man. In funeral eulogy, he proves himself as a supreme politician
when he shows his prowess, cleverly modulating the tone of Brutus
is an honourable man (Act 3, scene 2) with ironic modulated
repetition, from sincerity to sarcasm. In doing so, he carries the
crowd with him and unleashes the forces that he had predicted to
Caesars corpse, Cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war (Act 3,
scene 1). In contrast, Brutus, in his paradoxical assertion, As
Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as/he was valiant, I honour him;
but, as he was ambitious, I slew him despite being able to explain
how it was necessary to kill Caesar to preserve democracy in Rome
fails to win due to his lack of manipulation. His use of ethos appeals
to the citizens of the republican, when he justifies his assassination
of Caesar. This is evident when he initially brings the audience on to
his side through anaphora and a patriotic tone in the line, not
that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. But Antony
undermines this through the use of logos in, To every Roman
citizen he givesseventy-five drachmas. He subtly exploits the
general outpour of emotions, undermining Brutus previous speech
and successfully sways the allegiance of the plebeians who, not so
long ago, desired Caesars better parts to be crowned in Brutus,
into a torment of vengeance and mischief. He achieves this using
pathos, appealing to the audience sense of morality, rather than
logic employed by Brutus. The pathos is accentuated by his use of
aposiopesismy heart is in the coffin with Caesar, and I must
pause till it come back, drawing attention to the emotional
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implications of the murder which Brutus has deliberately
understated. Antony thus uses his prowess to manipulate the crowd
through vivid olfactory imagery in this foul deed shall smell above
the Earth, which suggests that Caesars regicide was unjustified.
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skill of the individual leader that determines the success of any
state by highlighting the bold means of acquiring and maintaining
the principality. Machiavelli strengthens this idea through his biased
examination of the past by selecting Cesare Borgia and postulating
that an effective leader must be able to act outside the moral codes
of ordinary individuals in order to win and hold onto political power.
One shocking example is when Borgia blames all atrocities on his
Minister Remirro de Orco and then had de Orco beheaded with his
body put on display in the square. Thus according to Machiavelli an
effective leader must be willing to separate personal ethics from
matters of the state and commit cruel acts to ensure effective
governance. Machiavellis summarises his perspective on
leadership, any man who tries to be good all the timeis bound to
come to ruin. He argues that to deal with the ungrateful and
fickle nature of the common people, a leader must maintain a
favourable public image through the use of artifice of morality,
whilst in reality remaining pragmatic. This is precisely what
happened in Julius Caesar, in which Antony uses his wit and
intelligence to manipulate not only the conspirators into letting him
addresses the crowd but also waver the allegiance of the crowd.